Outline. 1. Selected indicators 2. Selected issues 3. Societal response 4. Outlook

Transcription

1 ICP. June 2005

2 Outline 1. Selected indicators 2. Selected issues 3. Societal response 4. Outlook

3 1. Selected indicators Reported landings Food Employment State of stocks Trade Fleet size

4 Reported marine production Reported marine production World World excluding China Aquaculture Aquaculture Capture Capture Million tonnes Million tonnes

5 Non-coastal marine landings As % of total marine landings In million tonnes

6 Contribution to food Per capita supply with China Per capita supply w/o China From aquaculture From aquaculture Kg From capture fisheries From capture fisheries

7 Fishers 30 Milions Oceania Asia Europe America Africa More than 80% of capture fisheries employment is in Asia

8 International trade Value (Billion US$) Growth rate Trade has been growing at a reducing rate

9 Fish trade balance Surplus Deficit Billion US $ Latin America and the Caribbean China Africa Oceania Canada and United States Europe Asia excluding China

10 Decked vessels > 100 tons Oceania Africa America Europe Close to 85% of the large vessels are in Asia Asia Source FAO

11 Age of vessels > 100 tons (2003) Over 25 years Source: FAO / Lloyds

12 2. Selected issues Classical Overfishing Overcapacity / fleet size Economic viability Subsidies Bycatch and discards Monitoring (MCS) Right-based systems Natural oscillations Fishmeal Statistics Capacity-building RFMOs Non-tariff barriers Precautionary approach New Extinction and FAO-CITES Capture-based aquaculture Labor standards Catch certification Ecolabelling Deep sea fisheries Stock recovery Biodiversity, ecosystem Emerging Risk management Fishery ethics Animal welfare

13 State of stocks: 2004 RISK Recovering 1% Depleted 7% Overexploited 17% Fully exploited 52% Moderately exploited 21% Underexploited 3% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

14 Stocks trends: % Fully exploited 50% 40% Under exploited 30% 20% 10% Overexploited 0%

15 Overfishing % 100 Recovering Senescent 50 Mature Developing Undeveloped Source: FAO (Garcia, Grainger et De leiva, 2004)

16 State of selected resources Top Predators Other Predators Epipelagic- Deepwater

17 State of stocks by region

18 State of world tuna stocks FISHING PRESSURE RELATIVE TO MSY STOCK BIOMASS RELATIVE TO MSY 23% 59% 18% OVERALL

19 North Sea recovery 100 % Below precaution Within buffer zone 20 Above precaution Garcia and De leiva, in press

20 Fleet size: From past to future 2500 New registrations Distant water fishing landings Yearly registrations Distant water fisheries landings (% of world)

21 Fleet size: From past to future New registrations ? Fleet size

22 Deep sea: increased pressure! Patton Seamount:

23 By catch and discards trends Million tonnes Landings Discards s

24 Natural oscillations Climate Zonal ACI Pacific salmon Japanese pilchard About 50 years Climate Meridional ACI Atlantic cod Pacific herring Source: redrawn from FAO- Klyashtorin

25 Source: Fromentin, Ravier, 2003 Natural oscillations Mediterranean Bluefin tuna > 100 years Abundance

26 Natural oscillations California Anchovy More than 1500 years? circa 100 years

27 Climate change Climate Change Source Ifremer

28 Environmental degradation Fish Catch: 1900 = Uzbekistan Tajikistan Kyrgyzstan Turkmenistan Kazakhstan Region total Source: State of the Environment in the Aral Sea Basin, 2000

29 Food security: Dependence on fish 2 100% Population in trillions 1 Number of countries % 50 Cumulative % Contribution of fish to animal protein consumption

30 3. Social response Media storming Consumer mobilisation Legal and policy frameworks

31 Media Storming

32 Consumer s s pressure

33 Policy changes The Code of Conduct: the agreed charter towards more responsible fisheries

34 4. Outlook Action required Main obstacles Old demons and emerging issues

35 Stronger commitment towards: An ecologically sustainable future A more responsible governance and industry (High seas) Further institutional reform towards more and better participation, anticipation, precaution, integration, monitoring and evaluation, decision-making and longer-term perspective; A redirected science: more inter-disciplinary, towards and with stakeholders, ecosystem-conscious, conscious, aimed at forecasting, risk assessment and policy-making; A more effective implementation of existing instruments.

36 Changing management policy Progressively eliminate old problems Reduce / suppress overcapacity and perverse subsidies Improve habitat protection and selectivity Pragmatically promote local democratic institutions Support local civic education Develop local governance capacity Transfer sufficient and appropriate powers Allocate secured communal or individual rights Ensure equitable adjudication Support equity and justice Establish minimum environmental standards Identify societal objectives and natural constraints Develop indicators for monitoring and evaluation Source: Modified from Ribot, J. C. (2002). Democratic decentralization of natural resources: Institutionalizing popular participation. Washington D.C. WRI

37 The Fisheries Tool Box Co management Decentralisation Enforcement Law Research Devolution Participation Fishing rights Capacity Building Information Fishing capacity reduction Market incentives Marine Fisheries Illegal Fishing Subsidies Precautionary Ecolabelling approach Ecosystem approach Bycatch MPAs Extinction risk Discards

38 Sectoral integration Sectoral integration Navigation Tourism Fisheries Oil & gas Aquaculture Économy Environment Information

39 Main obstacles Further broadening of an already large and contradictory set of objectives; Misfit between: The expectations of the users the available resources; The urgency of regulation and the social resilience to it; The ideal and affordable degree of integration and participation The desirable and affordable Information.

40 Emerging issues Fisheries ethics and human rights Bioethics and animal welfare Intrusion of tribunals in decision-making (and governance) Globalization by the market.

41 Old demons Excess fishing capacity Perverse subsidies Poor selectivity and unethical discards Critical habitats degradation Abuse of the <<freedom>> in the high seas Non-deterrent coercion Under-funded research Dominance of short-term term concerns and market forces

42 See more... SOFIA at: ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/007/y5852e/y5852e00.pdf State of World Marine Fishery Resources e00.htm