Montana Officials Association MHSA 1 South Dakota Avenue Helena, MT Fax

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1 Montana Officials Association MHSA 1 South Dakota Avenue Helena, MT Fax November, 2012 TO: FROM: RE: MOA BASKETBALL OFFICIALS SCOTT MCDONALD, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR BASKETBALL STUDY CLUBS Under cover are your Basketball Study Outlines. There are six in all. You must complete all six (6) to satisfy your yearly study club attendance requirement. Your MOA Regional Director is responsible for listing you as fulfilling your obligations with these guides. Study club attendance sheets must be signed by your Regional Director, so please be certain they get to him/her. He/she will forward them on to the MOA office. DO NOT SEND THEM DIRECTLY TO THE MOA OFFICE. If your pool needs study club attendance sheets (there is a specific form to be completed for study club credit), please contact Theresa at the MOA office or print one from the Forms page of the MOA Central Hub at Please discuss issues and ramifications of rules and mechanics with your less experienced officials. Remember that you probably have all levels of officiating experience and expertise within your membership. Much of the material requires that a group leader moderate the discussion. Please conduct the meeting as a lesson so that as much information as possible can be gained by the group s members. As another year is set to begin, we wish you the best in your officiating endeavors, and we appreciate the work that you do for Montana s youth activities. SM/tls

2 MONTANA OFFICIALS ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL STUDY CLUB OUTLINES LESSON # 1 NAME CLUB DATE Preferably use before the season s first game: I. Review the October Official Word and the MOA Handbook. II. III. IV. Discuss any issues/concerns/ideas prompted by the MOA/MHSA Rules Clinic. Review the new (bolded and italicized) areas of the MOA Handbook. Be aware of major revisions in the sport(s) that affect you. MOA Handbook changes and reminders for are as follows: 1. Mileage has increased from 51 cents per mile last year to 55.5 cents per mile this year. Per diem for each official, including the driver, remains at 08 cents per mile. So, the driver, for a regular season match, would receive 63.5 cents per mile while the rider official would receive 08 cents per mile. 2. Again for the basketball season, as proposed by the class AA Athletic Directors and accepted by the MOA Regional Directors, officials selected to work the State AA boys /girls basketball tournaments will not be required to work the Class AA boys /girls playoffs. Officials will be selected to work the AA boys /girls playoffs using the following criterion: 1) If available for a playoff date, officials selected to work the State AA boys or girls basketball tournament will be offered that gender s AA basketball game(s). The MOA staff may consider reasonable geographic limitations when selecting these officials. 2) Next, highly ranked officials will be chosen from the host town basketball pool. 3) Highly ranked officials will be chosen from pools other than the host town basketball pool. The MOA staff may consider reasonable geographic limitations when selecting these officials. AA basketball playoffs are not considered tournaments, so officials are able to work two (2) tournaments below the state level, and work some or all of that gender s AA basketball playoff games. 3. Again for the season, the MOA/MHSA will allow the use of three person mechanics in basketball at the district level if so requested by the district. Rationale: The use of three person crews at state tournaments beginning in the and divisional tournaments beginning in were well received by coaches and officials. The MHSA/MOA has mandated three person mechanics training as a requisite for all post season assignment and has received requests from many districts to use three person mechanics at their district tournaments. 4. For the basketball season, officials may wear either the black/white shirt or the gray shirt with black pinstripes. But remember, for officials working any MHSA event, each member of the officiating crew must wear the same shirt. Also, the officials uniform includes black pants and black shoes and black socks. The MOA Regional Directors approved at their June 2010 meeting to amend the all black shoe requirement to read: In an effort to make quality footwear available, an officials shoe must be predominately black but may have some clear or grey trim or deviate slightly from solid all black. Whenever possible, any different

3 color must be dyed or colored over with black. The MOA basketball uniform must be in compliance with NFHS requirements. 5. The MOA Regional Directors approved at their June 2007 meeting to synchronize the inclusion of case books for basketball, football and softball packets to the printing of new officials manuals except in the case of a new official. For the season, basketball packets for renewing officials will contain a new rules book, with the case book and the officials manual remaining in effect for For , basketball packets will have new versions of all three books. V. The MHSA Executive Board and the MOA Regional Directors have approved the following amendments, replacements and additions to the MOA Handbook: 1. Reminder: Approved to amend the Handbook, section XVIII-Sexual Harassment, Intimidation and Violence, B, to read: Sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination which violates federal law. Sexual harassment is illegal. Sexual harassment includes requests for sexual favors, sexually motivated physical conduct, or other verbal or physical conduct or communication (including electronic communication or online postings) of a sexual nature. Sexual intimidation is conduct which subjects members of either gender to humiliation, embarrassment, or discomfort. Sexual intimidation can be verbal or non-verbal and includes electronic communications or online postings. 2. Reminder: Approved to amend the Handbook, section XIX-Misconduct by Officials, F, 4 to read: Engaging in derogatory, abusive, demeaning, and/or racially or sexually insensitive remarks through electronic communication or online postings toward any student-athlete, coach, fan or other person associated with an MHSA sanctioned contest. 3. Reminder--Under XVII, MOA Code of Ethics letter L I will not approach coaches or athletic directors, personally or by mail, relative to assignments or ratings or in regard to game calls, mechanics or procedural duties. Those questions should be initially addressed through the pool leader, MOA Regional Director or the MOA office. 4. Approved to amend Section XIV, L to read: Officials pools may provide information regarding availability of eligible officials for post season assignment to a district or division representative for distribution to schools in those districts or divisions, when requested in writing. Individual officials shall not provide such information. 5. Because basketball districts/divisions are now scheduling play-in games on Monday or Tuesday to pare the tournament down to an eight team bracket, approved that if one of the tournament officials has a work related conflict and is unable to officiate the play-in or a challenge game, the MOA office or tournament manager can assign one of the other tournament officials to work this game(s). 5. Approved, so that an alternate is always available for basketball tournament games below the state level, that a schedule of alternate officials be prepared by the tournament officials and coordinated by the tournament manager. 6. Language has been added to the MOA Handbook to allow officials whose employment requires them to be away from home during the week to attend study clubs at an alternate pool location with the permission of both the regional director and the MOA Commissioner. 7. The MHSA Board approved the following addition to Section (34), D.1. (MHSA Crowd Control policy): Special attention must be given to the supervision of student cheering sections including having an administrator present near the vicinity of the student cheering section for home and post season contests to assist with crowd control.

4 8. Officials utilizing lodging accommodations provided by the tournament manager may be provided a single room when feasible and at the discretion of the tournament manager. 9. All MOA exams must be completed within a three (3) hour time limit 10. Officials Payment: The MHSA recognizes that officials are independent contractors; therefore, methods of paying established fees/expenses will be determined by agreement between the school which has contracted for the official services and the local officials pool, or approved non-pool affiliated official. However, the MHSA requires that one of the two following methods be utilized: 1. All assigned officials must be paid before the contest with a check issued by the member school. MOA officials should not accept checks written to other member officials. A member school seven (7) business days from the date of the contest to reissue appropriate checks to the official(s) who actually worked the contest, OR 2. If a member school and the local officials pool (or an approved non-pool affiliated official) agree to other methods of payment for established fees/expenses, and the method of payment is approved by the Regional Director, the official will be paid within seven (7) business days of the contest. Officials pools cannot receive payments from the schools to distribute to individual members as this practice would make the officials pool the employer, nullifying the independent contract status and subjecting the pool to unemployment and workers compensation requirements. Any changes in the payment process must be approved by the MOA Commissioner. VI. Reminder of General MOA Information NFHS Rules: 1. Under Coaching Staff on page 55, add to #7 Respect the official s judgment and interpretation of the rules. Question them with respect and dignity only when the game rules permit. After a contest, questions concerning an official s call, mechanics, or procedural duties should be addressed through the respective official s pool leader, the MOA Regional Director or the MOA office. A report form for unusual situations is located on the MHSA website. 2. Under Athletic Director on page 58 add to # 7 Make sure that the officials and their dressing area are taken care of in the proper manner. Questions concerning an official s call, mechanics, or procedural duties should be addressed through the respective official s pool leader, the MOA Regional Director or the MOA office. A report form for unusual situations is located on the MHSA website. 3. Under XVII, MOA Code of Ethics on page 303 add to letter L I will not approach coaches or athletic directors, personally or by mail, relative to assignments or ratings or in regard to game calls, mechanics or procedural duties. Those questions should be initially addressed through the pool leader, MOA Regional Director or the MOA office. 4. All basketball officials are required to sign their name in the scorebook before the start of each contest. The referee must make sure the officials names are in the scorebook. 5. The MHSA Board approved the policy regarding lighting for player introductions and other related matters. MHSA Allowable Procedures for varied and/or dimmed lighting during contest introductions: Regular Season

5 For any indoor MHSA athletic contest, facility lights may be dimmed or partially extinguished only during introductions and only within the following guidelines: 1. If lights are dimmed or modified during introductions, enough light must remain to ensure the safety of all occupants in the facility, specifically for the purposes of maintaining crowd control and guaranteeing that aisles, stairways and exits are visible. 2. If partial lighting sections above the area of competition are fully extinguished, the lighting sections above the fan areas must remain on, and aisles, stairways and exits must remain visible. 3. The use of spotlights is allowed provided they are used appropriately and do not delay the start of the game. 4. Home and visiting teams must be introduced in the same manner, and gender equity standards must be met in showcasing introductions in this manner. 5. All local fire and public safety codes must be followed. Post Season: For all indoor post season events (playoffs and tournaments), full facility lighting will remain on throughout introductions and between contests if applicable. 6. The MHSA Executive Board approved the following proposal: the MHSA has adopted the following CLARIFICATION OF NON-VARSITY BASKETBALL GAME QUARTERS: Allowable Non-Varsity Basketball Contest Formats 1. Contest is four (4) quarters of eight (8) minutes in length: 2. Contest is three (3) quarters of eight (8) minutes in length: 3. Contest is two (2) quarters of eight (8) minutes in length: 4. Contest is four (4) quarters of four (4) minutes in length: 5. Contest is two (2) quarters of eight (8) minutes in length and two (2) quarters of four (4) VII VIII Again this year, a joint venture strategy has been implemented for MOA officials to join the Montana Coaches Association (MCA) as an associate member and receive selected benefits associated with their MCA membership. Nearly 14% of all registered officials have joined the MCA so far this year. The MOA Regional Directors have discontinued the required mechanics clinics (train the trainer) that have been held at the MCA convention in Great Falls in August. The reason for the discontinuation is the intensive training shared with pool leaders and representatives over the past several years has now become repetitive except for the few new mechanics changes every other year. A different mechanics training requirement (hopefully an on online offering) is being explored. For now the MCA Associate Member dues collected will help fund other MOA initiatives and programs. If you are still interested in joining the MCA as an Associate Member please contact Theresa in the MOA office. Review and discuss the following information related to the MHSA basketball mercy rule. This is not an NFHS rule change, but MOA basketball officials will be called upon to help facilitate this MHSA mercy rule:

6 MHSA BASKETBALL MERCY RULE For the basketball season, the Basketball Mercy Rule will again be used by all MHSA member schools. It will be used for all levels of play, (Varsity, JV, Sophomore and Frosh) in the second half only, once a team has a forty (40) point or better lead against their opponent, a running clock will ensue until the end of the game even if the difference in the score drops below the forty point margin. The only time the clock will stop will be between quarters, time outs, and when replacing an injured or disqualified player. In the second half of a basketball game, the official scorer and timer will be responsible for running the clock continuously except for the below situations, once a team has a forty (40) point or better lead against their opponent. 1. Once the clock signals the end of a quarter or overtime period, the clock will be stopped until play is started for the next quarter or overtime period. 2. Once an official signals for a called time-out, the clock will be stopped until play is started following the time-out. 3. Once an official beckons or bench personnel come onto the floor to attend to an injured player, the clock will be stopped until play is started again. 4. Once an official informs the Head Coach that a player has been disqualified from further participation in the game, the clock will be stopped until play is started again. The clock will be restarted: 1. If a free throw is not successful and the ball is to remain live, the clock shall be started when the ball touches or is touched by a player on the court. 2. If play is resumed by a throw-in, the clock shall be started when the ball touches, or is legally touched by, a player on the court after it is released by the thrower. Game management must inform the official scorer and timer of this MHSA Basketball Mercy Rule and the provisions of the rule. MOA basketball officials should discuss this MHSA Basketball Mercy Rule with the head coaches and captains during the pre-game conference and with the scorer and timer before the start of the game. The following are MHSA Basketball Mercy Rule Clarifications for the basketball season: Free throws (including Technical fouls) are shot with a running clock once a team has a forty (40) point or better lead against their opponent until the end of the game even if the difference in the score drops below the forty point margin. The only time the clock would stop to shoot free throws would be when a player has been disqualified from further participation in the game, the clock would be stopped to replace the disqualified player and during the shooting of required free throws. The clock would be restarted in this situation (1) If a free throw is not successful and the ball is to remain live, the clock shall be started when the ball touches or is touched by a player on the court or (2) If the free throw(s) are made and play is resumed by a throw-in, the clock shall be started when the ball touches, or is legally touched by, a player on the court after it is released by the thrower. IX. Review the following information related to the new rule change listed in the Basketball Preseason Guide, Page 3 Scorer Required to Wear Stripes which was mailed to you in October. X. Officials, coaches and administrators are being asked to make all efforts to ensure the safety of athletes who participate in MHSA activities. In regard to players experiencing possible

7 concussions or other serious injuries during MHSA contests or practices, the MHSA procedures outlined below have been implemented: Officials Responsibilities: Officials are asked to use their best judgment in observing the signs, symptoms and behaviors of a concussion and other possible serious injuries. If there is a player that exhibits signs and symptoms of an injury, officials will make coaches aware of the injured player and call an injury time out. The official should notify the coach by making the following statement: Coach, you need to take a look at this player; he/she is exhibiting signs and symptoms of an injury. Once the official notifies the coach, it is now the coach s responsibility. The official does not need written permission for an athlete to return to play nor does the official need to verify the credentials of the appropriate health-care professional. The decision to return an athlete to competition rests with the coach, after the affected player is evaluated by an appropriate health care professional. Officials do not determine RETURN TO PLAY (RTP). Coaches Responsibilities: After the official has notified the coach of the injury and has sent the athlete off of the field or court, or if a coach witnesses an incident in practice, the coach must then make the initial determination of the injury. For instance, if the coach knows that a player is diabetic, and may be experiencing a diabetic episode, the coach should have the student treated appropriately and then return the player to play or practice. If the coach suspects the athlete is exhibiting the signs, symptoms or behaviors consistent with a concussion, then the coach must have the player evaluated by an appropriate health-care professional. (MD, DO, NP or PAC). If an appropriate health-care professional on the sideline determines that the athlete HAS NOT suffered a concussion, the athlete may return to play. If an appropriate health-care professional is not available to evaluate the athlete, the athlete SHOULD NOT be allowed by the coach to return to play. In game situations, the official does not need written permission for an athlete to return to play nor does the official need to verify the credentials of the appropriate health-care professional. Ultimately, the decision to return an athlete to competition or practice rests with the coach, after the affected player is evaluated by an appropriate health care professional (MD, DO, PAC, NP). Administrators Responsibilities: Administrators must require all coaches to review and implement this procedure. Administrators should have regular reviews with their coaching staffs concerning these procedures. Administrators should require coaches to report all incidents to the administration immediately following the practice or contest. All incidents should be documented. Administrators must understand the responsibilities that coaches have in the decision to return athletes to play. Administrators must enforce the return to play language in the MHSA Rules and Regulations as stated in this presentation. Schools are encouraged to establish policies at the local district level to address concussion and serious injury management. A sample policy is available by contacting Joe Brott, Policy Services Director, at MtSBA. Phone (406) or jbrott@mtsba.org. Ultimately, the decision to return an athlete to competition or practice rests with the coach, after the affected player is evaluated by an appropriate health care professional (MD, DO, NP or PAC). OUTLINE MUST BE SIGNED BY ALL PRESENT AND SENT TO YOUR REGIONAL DIRECTOR BY APRIL 1, 2013.

8 MONTANA OFFICIALS ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL STUDY CLUB OUTLINES LESSON #2 NAME CLUB DATE I. Editorial Change take time as a group to review and discuss the following editorial revisions for this year (please note we have listed the number of the page(s) in your Basketball Preseason Guide on which the change can be found): Editorial Change Clarified Team Control Rule Change Refined page 1-2 SITUATION: A1 has the ball for an end-line throw-in in his/her frontcourt. The administering official reaches a four-second count when A1 passes the ball to A2, who had been standing in the free-throw lane since A1 had the ball at his/her disposal. RULING: Legal. Even though a team is now in control during a throw-in, the three-second rule specifically requires that a team be in control in its frontcourt for a violation to occur. Technically speaking, the thrower-in is out of bounds and not located in the frontcourt. SITUATION: A1 has the ball for an end-line throw-in in his/her backcourt. The administering official reaches a four-second count when A1 passes the ball onto the court. A1 s pass to A2, who is also in Team A s backcourt, takes several bounces and six seconds before A2 picks up and controls the ball. RULING: Legal. Even though a team is now in control during a throw-in, the 10- second rule specifically requires that a player/team be in continuous control in its backcourt for 10 seconds for a violation to occur. Technically speaking, the thrower-in is out of bounds and not located in the backcourt. SITUATION: A1 has the ball for an end-line throw-in in his/her frontcourt. A1 s pass to A2, who is in the frontcourt standing near the free-throw line, is high, bounces several times and goes into Team A s backcourt untouched. A2 is then the first to control the ball in Team A s backcourt. RULING: Legal. There is no backcourt violation since player control had not yet been established in Team A s frontcourt before the ball went into Team A s backcourt. The throw-in ends when A2 legally touches the ball in the backcourt and the backcourt count starts as soon as A2 gains control in his/her backcourt. SITUATION: A1 has the ball for an end-line throw-in in his/her frontcourt. A1 s pass to A2, who is in the frontcourt standing near the division line, is high and deflects off A2 s hand and goes into Team A s backcourt. A2 is then the first to control the ball in Team A s backcourt. RULING: Legal. There is no backcourt violation since player control had not yet been established in Team A s frontcourt before the ball went into Team A s backcourt. The throw-in ends when A2 legally touches the ball, but the backcourt count does not start until A2 gains control in his/her backcourt. SITUATION: A1 catches the throw-in pass with one foot on the floor in A's frontcourt and the other foot not touching the floor. The non-pivot foot then comes down in A's backcourt. RULING: Violation. Team control are established in A's frontcourt when A1 catches the throw-in pass. The violation occurs when A1 subsequently touches the backcourt with the non-pivot foot. SELY-GUARDED ACTION SITUATION Team A is awarded a throw-in near the division line. A1's throw-in is deflected by B1; A2 jumps from Team A s frontcourt, catches the ball in the air and lands in the backcourt.

9 RULING: Backcourt violation on Team A. The throw-in ends when it is legally touched by B1. A2 gains player control in the air after having left the floor from Team A s frontcourt, therefore having frontcourt status. As soon as A2 lands in the backcourt, he/she has committed a backcourt violation. The exception granted during a throw-in ends when the throw-in ends and is only for the player making the initial touch on the ball. TU FR SITUATION A1 has the ball for a throw-in. (a) as the throw-in is made, an official blows an inadvertent whistle or (b) the throw-in pass deflects off of A2 and as A2 and B2 are attempting to retrieve the loose throw-in pass, A2 and B2 illegally push each other and are called for a double foul. RULING: In both situations, Team A has team control during the throw-in and the officials should use the point of interruption. Team A should get a throw-in at (a) the original spot of the throw-in (b) the spot closest to the double foul because Team A had team control during the throw-in. In (b) if it was an alternating possession throw-in, the arrow would be switched. SITUATION A1 has the ball for a throw-in. The throw-in pass deflects off of A2. As A2 and B2 are attempting to retrieve the loose throw-in pass, A2 illegally pushes B2 from behind and is called for a foul. Team B is in the bonus. RULING: Team A is in control during this throw-in, therefore a team-control foul has been committed. B2 is awarded a throw-in at the spot closest to where the foul occurred. COMMENT: With the new ruling, team A is now in team control on a throw-in; therefore, a team control foul has been committed. SITUATION: A1 has the ball for a throw-in at his/her own end line. While still holding the ball, A2 is called for a moving screen. RULING: Team control foul on A2. COMMENT: B s ball closest to where the foul occurred. SITUATION: A1 releases the ball on a throw-in from his/her own end line. While the ball is in the air, A2 bumps B2 with enough contact to cause a foul while trying to receive the ball. RULING: Team control foul on A2. COMMENT: While the ball is in the air, team A still has team control. Team B will get the ball for a throw-in closest to where the foul took place. SITUATION: A1 has the ball out of bounds for a throw-in and is being guarded by B1. Before releasing the ball, A1 loses his/her balance, reaches out and puts his/her hand on B1 (who is inbounds) in an effort to regain his/her balance. RULING: Throw-in violation by A1. A1 is required to remain out of bounds until releasing the throw-in pass. When A1 touches an inbounds player, he/she has inbound status. However, if the contact on B1 is illegal, a team control foul shall be called. II. Please review and discuss the following mechanics points of emphasis information can also be found in the Basketball Preseason Guide pages 2-5. This above 1. Closely guarded situations. Well officiated closely-guarded situations provide for better balance between offense and defense. When the closely guarded rules are not followed properly, there is a significant advantage for the offense. The following areas should be emphasized: a. Rule basics. A closely guarded situation occurs when a player in control of the ball in his or her team s frontcourt is guarded by an opponent who is within 6 feet of the player who is holding or dribbling the ball; the defensive player must obtain a legal guarding position. A player shall not hold the ball for five seconds or dribble the ball for five seconds while closely guarded in the frontcourt. A player can legally hold the ball while closely guarded for four seconds, dribble the ball for four seconds and hold the ball again for four seconds before violating. b. Multiple defenders. The closely guarded count should continue even if there is a defensive switch, provided the 6-foot distance is maintained by one or more defenders. There is no requirement for the defender to remain the same during the count as long as the offensive player is closely guarded throughout. The closely guarded count ends when no defensive player is within 6 feet.

10 2. Contact above the shoulders. With a continued emphasis on reducing concussions and decreasing excessive contact situations, the committee determined that more guidance is needed for penalizing contact above the shoulders. a. A player shall not swing his/her arm(s) or elbow(s) even without contacting an opponent. Excessive swinging of the elbows occurs when arms and elbows are swung about while using the shoulders as pivots, and the speed of the extended arms and elbows is in excess of the rest of the body as it rotates on the hips or on the pivot foot. Currently it is a violation in Rule 9 Section 13 Article. b. Examples of illegal contact above the shoulders and resulting penalties. 1) Contact with a stationary elbow may be incidental or a common foul. 2) An elbow in movement but not excessive should be an intentional foul. 3) A moving elbow that is excessive can be either an intentional foul or flagrant personal foul. 3. Intentional Fouls. The committee is concerned about the lack of enforcement for intentional fouls during any part of the game but especially at the end of a game. The intentional foul rule has devolved into misapplication and personal interpretations. An intentional foul is a personal or technical foul that neutralizes an opponent s obvious advantageous position. Contact away from the ball or when not making a legitimate attempt to play the ball, specifically designed to stop or keep the clock from starting, shall be intentional. Intentional fouls may or may not be premeditated and are not based solely on the severity of the act. A foul also shall be ruled intentional if while playing the ball a player causes excessive contact with an opponent. a. Anytime during the game. Acts that neutralize an opponent s obvious advantageous position and must be deemed intentional include: 1) Excessive contact on any player attempting a try 2) Grabbing or shoving a player from behind when an easy basket may be scored 3) Grabbing and holding a player from behind or away from the ball These are non-basketball acts and must be considered intentional fouls b. Game awareness. The probability of fouling late in the game is an accepted coaching strategy and is utilized by many coaches in some form. Officials must have the courage to enforce the intentional foul rule properly. 4. Guidelines to enforce illegal contact. Escalating fight situations can often be traced back to illegal contact not being properly enforced and penalized. Examples of illegal contact are: a. Hand checking. Any tactic using hands or arms that allows a player on offense or defense to control the movement of an opposing player. Examples of hand checking foul. 1) Both hands on an opposing player 2) Jabbing a hand or forearm on an opponent. 3) Continuous contact by a hand or forearm on an opponent b. Post play. Any tactic using hands, arms or body to control the movement of an opposing player. Examples of illegal post play. 1) Hooking by the offensive player 2) Pushing, holding or slapping an opponent 3) Dislodging an opponent by using a leg or knee to the rear of an opponent 4) Dislodging an opponent by backing them down c. Rebounding. Any activity to illegally gain rebounding position on an opponent. Examples of illegal rebounding activity. 1) Displacing, charging or pushing an opponent 2) Extending the arms or elbows to impede the movement of an opponent 3) Using the hips or knees to hinder or impede an opponent 4) Violation of the principle of verticality 5) Contact between players in free-throw lane spaces prior to the ball contacting the ring d. It is illegal to physically contact an opponent prior to the ball legally contacting the ring.

11 III. Please take time as a group to review and discuss the following information concerning Managing the Coaching Box from the 2012 September Referee Magazine: It goes without saying that officials must learn and understand the many rules and case plays so they can enforce them to the best of their ability. A small yet important portion of jurisdiction revolves around the coaching box. The cage that the coaches are allowed to roam as long as their behavior is acceptable is their domain but must be overseen by the officials. However, do you enforce the rules as written as they pertain to this area of the court or game? It seems to be becoming more of an issue in recent years despite the increased emphasis on sportsmanship. The coaching box in Montana High School Basketball is 12 feet in size. It is important to make sure that clear markings define this important space. If lines are absent or not clearly visible, have game management put them down before the game begins. Having those discernible limits for the head coach will pay dividends later, especially if there is a question as to whether the boundaries have been violated. The only person allowed to stand continuously during a live ball is the head coach. Although other bench personnel are permitted to stand during dead-ball periods and specific live-ball situations, the head coach has the privilege of standing the whole game. Coaches are not required to use the box and stand within it. They can sit the whole game if they choose but if they stand, it must be in the prescribed box. Sitting outside the box and walking to and from it, is not an acceptable excuse to be out of the box. What is the head coach allowed to do within the confines of their box. Of course, sportsmanship is paramount in that regard. All coaches are expected to remain in the box at all times unless other rules apply that allow them to leave without penalty. For example, the head coach can leave the box to go to the table to request that a correctable error, or a timing, scoring or alternating-possession mistake be prevented or rectified. The biggest issue related to the coaching box that you must deal with is when a coach leaves for an unauthorized reason. Anytime the coach is out of the box, even when not talking to an official, needs to be addressed. A coach out of the box for any reason other than by rule is a distinct advantage and cannot be tolerated. Their counterpart will notice that and either bring it to your attention and now you better address it or will match it. Now you have both coaches roaming the sidelines without boundaries. Often you will hear officials say, I don t care if the coach is out of the box as long as they are coaching their players and not yelling at me. That is all fine and good until I work the game and I enforce the rule and keep them in the box regardless of what they are doing. Don t make me enforce the rule because you couldn t or didn t do it the night before. One of the very important rules for head coaches is to remain in the box. All of us must enforce the rules as written. When coaches commit minor infractions, they should receive an official warning. That must be communicated to your partners so the head coach doesn t get three separate warnings for the same issue. An example of a situation that is grey in nature but needs to be dealt with is the head coach who is out of the box and just coaching his/her players. Even though they are clearly out of the box, they have not yelled at you or even asked you a respectful question: That is a very common scenario seen at the beginning of games when everyone is excited. That is possibly where an unofficial warning can be given. Simply tell the coach that you really need his or her help staying in the box tonight or ask an assistant coach to help keep the coach in the box for you. That one-time request/reminder is an attempt to prevent the problem from escalating into an official warning or technical foul. However, if the head coach continues to be blatantly outside the box after your polite and reasonable request, issue the official warning and remind them that you tried to prevent that by your unofficial warning earlier but now are left with no other choice. Any egregious act is immediately enforced with a technical foul as no warning is necessary in that instance. In NFHS rules, the head coach loses the privilege of the coaching box after being assessed with a technical foul and must remain seated for the remainder of the game. The coaching box is there for a reason and requires officials to know and understand the rules pertaining to it. That part of the game should be easy to officiate, unless of course you ignore its intricacies. OUTLINE MUST BE SIGNED BY ALL PRESENT AND SENT TO YOUR REGIONAL DIRECTOR BY APRIL 1, 2013

12 MONTANA OFFICIALS ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL STUDY CLUB OUTLINES LESSON #3 NAME CLUB DATE I. Review and discuss the following articles in the Basketball Preseason Guide: Confidence, Focus Key for Officials in Conflict Management page 3 Capture the Moment With Good Look page 6 How You Communicate to Others is Key in Making Your Point, Avoiding Disaster page 6 Above All, Mind Your Own Business page 9 Nine Ways to Improve Your Believability page 11 Avoid Table Gaffes With Clock Awareness page 15 II. New casebook situations found in the NFHS Basketball Casebook: SITUATION: Starter, A1, has brought the wrong uniform and with 8 minutes on the clock prior to the start of the game, switches with A15 and now is wearing a legal jersey but a new number. With 2 minutes on the clock prior to the start of the game, it is discovered that starter, B1, is wearing a different jersey than indicated in the scorebook. It is confirmed that a wrong number was provided to the official scorer and a change is made to reflect the correct number in the scorebook. RULING: Both Team A and B are charged with a technical foul for changing a number in the scorebook and will begin the game with one team foul toward the bonus. No free throws are awarded and the game will begin at the point of interruption, which is the opening jump ball. COMMENT: When each team is assessed one technical foul prior to the game, a double technical foul has occurred, as this is considered approximately the same time SITUATION: Team A has a designated spot throw-in along the end line. Thrower A1 extends the ball with his/her arms over the end line such that part of the forearms, hands and the ball are entirely on the inbounds side of the boundary line. B2 slaps A1 on the wrist and dislodges the ball. RULING: When a defender makes contact with a thrower-in, the result is an intentional foul. Where A1 s arms are located (on the inbounds or out-of-bounds side of the boundary doesn t matter for this penalty to be assessed). A1 is awarded two free throws and Team A awarded a throw-in at the spot nearest the foul. COMMENT: For a boundary plane violation warning to also be assessed, the defender must actually violate the rule and penetrate the boundary plane SITUATION: During the first quarter, Team B receives a warning for breaking the boundary plane during a throw in. Late in the fourth quarter, B2 contacts the thrower A1 during a throw-in. RULING: B2 will be charged with an intentional foul for contacting A1 during a throw in. The more egregious act is the intentional foul (since it involves contact and interfering with play and not just crossing a plane, etc.), therefore it is penalized. There is no need to issue a second warning for delay. III. COMMONLY MISUNDERSTOOD RULES TRAVELING A player cannot travel unless they are in possession of a live ball that has inbounds status. A player could fumble the ball the entire length of the court, and would not have travelled. Unless it was ruled that he/she fumbled the ball to control it. A player could dive for a ball, gain control of it and slide, via momentum, any distance and would not have travelled. There is no limit to the amount of steps that a player can take between dribbles. If a player attempts to end a dribble, loses control of the ball, then gains control of the ball, the player would not have travelled. The

13 key is that to travel a player must be in control of a live ball with inbounds status and lift their pivot foot and return it to the floor. REBOUNDING Boxing out is entirely different from backing out. In boxing out a player moves into their opponent does not displace that player, holds their spot, and then goes for the ball. In backing out a player moves into their opponent and displaces them before going for the ball. Displacement is always a foul. LEGAL GUARDING POSITION After establishing legal guarding position, the defensive player is permitted to move in any direction except into the offensive player being guarded. If the defensive player has established legal guarding position, and there is contact on the defender s torso a player control foul should be called on the offensive player. Whether the defensive player was set or not should not be a consideration. Legal guarding position is maintained by the defensive player in this instance until the offensive player is able to get their head and shoulders past the defender. There is no distance requirement for establishing legal guarding position. An offensive player with the ball is never entitled to a step. Time and distance are not a consideration in this instance. Every player is entitled to a spot on the floor, provided they legally established their spot on the floor. If a defensive player legally establishes a spot on the floor prior to the offensive player jumping into the air, there is no designated landing area for the airborne offensive player to return to the floor. If the defensive player jumps within their verticality a player control foul can be called on the offensive player if the offensive player jumps into the airborne defensive player. KICKING/FISTING VIOLATIONS A player shall not intentionally strike the ball with any part of the leg or foot. A player shall not intentionally strike the ball with a fist. A player shall not cause the ball to enter and pass through the basket from below. NOTE: Kicking the ball is only a violation when it is an intentional act; accidently striking the ball with any part of the leg or foot is not a violation. If the ball is thrown off of any part of the leg or foot of a player and there was no intent to contact the ball, it is not a violation. INBOUNDING SPOT VIOLATIONS The designated throw-in spot is three feet wide with no depth limitation and is established by the official prior to putting the ball at the thrower s disposal. NOTE: The thrower must keep one foot on or over the designated spot until the ball is released. The pivot foot restrictions and the travelling rule are not in effect for a throw-in. SCREENING An illegal screen is not a violation; there must be contact for an illegal screen to be called a foul. Even the slightest contact on an illegal screen must be called a foul, or the offensive team can gain an advantage. It is possible for extreme contact to occur during a legal screen. If the screened player stops, or does not run through the screen, it is incidental contact. BASKET INTERFERENCE/GOALTENDING A shot may be blocked or pinned against the backboard, even after hitting the backboard, unless the ball is on its downward flight or within the cylinder. It is not a violation to accidentally touch the basket, including the net, unless the ball is on the rim or within the basket. Slapping the backboard is not basket interference or a technical foul if it is incidental to playing defense. Slapping the backboard is never basket interference. A technical foul can be called if the act was not incidental to playing defense.

14 BACKCOURT VIOLATIONS A player shall not be the first to touch a ball after it has been in that team s control in the frontcourt, if they or their teammate last touched or was touched by the ball in the frontcourt before it went into the backcourt. While in team control in a player s backcourt, that player shall not cause the ball to go from backcourt to frontcourt and return to the backcourt, without the ball touching a player in the frontcourt, and be the first to touch the ball in the backcourt. A player from the team not in control (defensive player or during a jump ball or throw-in) may legally jump from their frontcourt, secure control of the ball with both feet off of the floor and return to the floor with one or both feet in the backcourt. The player may make a normal landing and it makes no difference whether the first foot that returns to the floor is in the frontcourt or backcourt. The frontcourt status of a player is determined differently depending on whether the player is dribbling the ball from the backcourt to the frontcourt, or in possession of the ball or receiving a pass from the backcourt to the frontcourt. DRIBBLE VIOLATIONS There is no limit to the height of a dribble. The player may dribble the ball over their heads, as long as they do not come in contact with the ball below the equator of the ball. 3-SECOND VIOLATIONS Allowance shall be made for a player who, having been in the restricted area for less than three seconds, dribbles in or moves immediately to try for goal. The count ends each time a shot is taken, and a new count begins each time the offensive team gains control. There is no threesecond count during rebounding situations.!v. Please take time as a group to review and discuss the Three Person Mechanics Guidelines below: BASIC RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE LEAD 1. STAY IN YOUR PRIMARY Be square to baseline and facing your primary 2. FIND A REASON TO ROTATE (WE WANT MORE ROTATIONS, NOT FEWER) L does not rotate enough If ball rotates over and post players rotate over and L does not rotate, there is too much for C to watch Having two officials on strong side increases chances of off-ball fouls being called, especially rough play fouls 3. WORK THE BASELINE Start wide and close down as ball comes to middle of court Never officiate in the paint; only use during rotations Stay back 1-2 feet from baseline if it gives you a better angle (angles should dictate your positioning--should be 90 degrees between players, not straightlined) 4. CLOSE DOWN AND PREPARE TO ROTATE Must close down before rotating 5. USE OF DROP STEP If you are too late in rotating and there is a drive to the basket from the other side of lane, L should drop off the baseline (from the closed-down position) to get a better angle 6. STAY AWAY FROM CALLING GOAL TENDING AND BASKET INTERFERENCE 7. THREE POINT SIGNALS Only time you signal is on a fast break and leave hand up until T picks it up; don t ever signal it is good

15 GUIDELINES WHEN WORKING THE LEAD POSITION 1. START WIDE Start between lane and 3 point line (never go out past three point line) Always watch primary but know where the ball is at all times through your peripheral vision 2. DON T BE AFRAID TO ROTATE Never rotate on a shot, drive, or rebound in progress; go back if you are in process of rotating and these three items occur When you rotate, watch the post players, don t look at the outside players, the new T has them 3. CLOSE DOWN Always make rotations from the lane line On rebounds, move out wide for better angles, you cannot see fouls if you are closeddown 4. BALL SETTLES BELOW THE FREE THROW LINE Immediately rotate if you haven t done so already 5. STUDY THE GAME Follow the post players 6. LOOK FOR THE FIRST COMPETITIVE MATCH-UP As you come across, look for your first competitive match-up (closest pair of post players) New C s first competitive match-up is the L s old primary and off ball 7. ALWAYS STAY IN YOUR PRIMARY Don t make calls around the free throw line on jump shots or collisions; you are too far out and you are guessing; the C has the best inside-out look On drives down your baseline, don t close down because it will give you a bad angle 8. YOUR DEPTH OFF THE BASELINE DEPENDS ON GETTING THE BEST ANGLE. On rebounds this will be close to the baseline and wide; on post-play you ll probably want to be deeper off the baseline to get a better angle BASIC RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CENTER 1. MUST BE ACTIVE AND HAVE A GOOD GAME Stay in your primary - you have enough area to officiate without having to go into your partners areas Stay straight up to court--only position that does this 2. DICTATES ROTATIONS ON TRAPS You initiate rotations 1% of the time (L must rotate over if you initiate it) This must be a trap, not just a dribbler on your side 3. READY TO ASSIST ON OUT OF BOUNDS PLAY Help on out of bounds calls on end line on your side of court if L needs help (get eye contact before signaling) GUIDELINES WHEN WORKING THE CENTER POSITION 1. Don t rush out at the C position on rotations (stay put) 2. Watch post-play and curl plays that are off-ball; if you have the best angle you can even go across to the other side of lane 3. Step down on shots and watch rebounds (get inside-out look between players to see displacement) 4. Only initiate a rotation on a trap, not just because a dribbler is on your side; the L should initiate these

16 BASIC RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE TRAIL 1. ANGLE-IN FROM THE 28 LINE 2. DO NOT RELEASE THE DRIBBLER UNTIL THE CENTER PICKS IT UP Center must usually pick up ball before T releases it, otherwise the ball could be watched by no one! T and C must continue all counts if they initiate them 3. TWO TRAILS IS NOT GOOD C should not be quick to move to T position--you usually have a great angle if you don t move 4. TRAIL THE PLAYS IN PRESSING SITUATIONS Always trail the play C must be ahead of the play but don t be too quick to turn around and leave C follows the crowd down the floor C must call fouls and block/charges if the dribbler quickly moves up court and T is trailing too far behind GUIDELINES WHEN WORKING THE TRAIL POSITION 1. Stay at 28 foot line 2. Stay active and assist with post-play when the ball moves away from you Watch travels on the post players in L s primary 3. Watch goal tending and basket interference 4. Step down on shots and watch rebounding 5. Always know where the L is because you have to step down to C when he rotates to pick up the L s old primary ROTATION OVERVIEW 1. MOVEMENT OF LEAD When your post player goes over, you will rotate 95% of the time As L rotates, T will step down immediately to C (on a string with L) 2. TWO CENTERS IS OKAY Old C stays momentarily 3. AVOID BEING IN A BIG HURRY Only go to T when you need to (you usually have a better angle as a C); you can even officiate in C position and go straight to the new L position on a change of possession L boxes in play OTHER ASPECTS 1. Double whistles C and L: split lane line, C s primary is on his side of lane L and T: L is primary unless he picks up a drive late T and C: whoever the play is going towards has primary whistle 2. Understanding where the play originates You may take a play on a block/charge if it originates in your primary since your partner may pick it up late 3. Staying in your primary and trusting your partners Never officiate more than 4 players, that means a rotation should occur or you are watching outside your primary This is crucial for the C

17 The person with the best angle on a play (90 degrees or inside-out between opponents) should make a call; do not look through players backs and guess because one of your partners should have a better angle 4. Fast Breaks New L needs to look behind shoulder and beat play to spot between lane line and three point line (do not close down, you ll have a bad angle on swipes away from you) so you are stopped and can accept a play L should not cut across the court, the C must make block/charge calls on his side of lane or ones that are high (near FT line); the L is secondary on these calls C must stay put on transitions; the more people in the back court, the deeper and longer you ll stay. Also look for any cheap shots from emotions on the previous play (elbows in back, etc.); if you leave early, you and the new T will probably miss. Follow the crowd and take foul calls sideline to sideline in the middle of the court, you have the best angle and the T will be straight-lined. OUTLINE MUST BE SIGNED BY ALL PRESENT AND SENT TO YOUR REGIONAL DIRECTOR BY APRIL 1, 2013

18 MONTANA OFFICIALS ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL STUDY CLUB OUTLINES LESSON #4 NAME CLUB DATE I. Please take time as a group to review and discuss the following articles from this year Basketball Preseason Guide ( note we have listed the number of the page): Double Foul - page 9 Stay Alert During Dead-Ball Situations - page 9 See Screen, Know if It s Legal or Illegal - page 10 When to Reverse Your Tracks- page 12 Consequences of Violating Personal Space - page 13 Don t Bail on the Trail - page 14 Da Plane, Da Plane! page 14 Move to Improve your Angle page 16 Sidelines in Transition page 16 II. Review of Rules ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT Rule states that any mechanical device or any electronic transmission device at courtside for coaching purposes is illegal. There is a statement in there concerning statistics, however, which makes ipads (computers) legal as long as they are used for that purpose. Officials cannot monitor a device to determine that it is only being used for a single purpose. We are going to assume that coaches will adhere to that specific use if they have an ipad in the coaching area. If it is brought to our attention that it is not being used for that purpose only, then a team technical may be enforced. UNDERSHIRT/COMPRESSION SLEEVE There is a company manufacturing what they are calling an undershirt/ compression sleeve combination for only one arm. By rule, this type of equipment is NOT legal. A long sleeved undershirt may be worn, but both sleeves must be the same length on any individual player and must be the same color as the torso of the shirt with no logos. It still provides some of the properties that they are suggesting, warmth and tension on the arm which a tight long sleeved undershirt would provide. Compression sleeves are not part of the undershirt. They may have a logo on them which meets the size requirement (2¼) square inches and must meet the color requirements, white, black, beige or any solid school color. All players wearing a compression sleeve must wear the same solid color. Also, arm compression sleeves must still be worn for medical purposes. To clarify the interpretation of this rule, for the basketball season, in order for any basketball athlete to wear compression sleeves on their arms (elbows), the athlete shall present a note from an MD, DO, PAC or NP stating that the athlete must wear the compression sleeve. The note must be presented to the officials at the pre-game conference. If a medical note is not presented, the athlete must remove the compression sleeve before participating in the contest. THROW-IN FOUL There seems to be some discussion and confusion concerning the thrower-in being fouled by the defender. There is no change in the rule; it has always been an intentional foul. There has been a clarification of the rule which states that even if the thrower s hands/arms are beyond the plane when the foul occurs, it is still an intentional foul on the defender. The official does not have to split hairs as to whether the thrower was beyond the plane or not; it doesn t make any difference. Some officials are reading into this by stating that the thrower-in may extend through the plane in an attempt to draw an

19 intentional foul or create the contact himself/herself. If the contact is initiated by the thrower, we are not going to penalize the defender. It will either be a throw-in violations or if the contact is illegal, a team control foul must be called. VERTICALITY Remember the principle of verticality, a player is entitled to any spot on the floor as long as he gets there first and stays within his/her vertical plane. If someone invades that space and contact ensues, severe enough to create a foul situation, that person is responsible for the contact. LEGAL USE OF HANDS AND ARMS It is legal to extend the arms vertically above the shoulders and need not be lowered to avoid contact with an opponent when the action of the opponent causes contact. This legal use of the arms and hands usually occurs when guarding the player making a throw-in, the player with the ball in pressing tactics and a player with the ball who is maneuvering to try for goal by jumping, etc. It is legal use of hands to reach to block or slap the ball controlled by a dribbler or a player throwing for goal or a player holding it and accidentally hitting the hand of the opponent when it is in contact with the ball. It is legal to hold the hands and arms in front of the face or body for protection and to absorb force from an imminent charge by an opponent. This same protective use of the arms and hands occurs when a player who has set a screen outside the opponent s visual field is about to be run into by the player being screened. The action, however, should be a recoil action rather than a pushing action. It is not legal to use hands and arms or hips and shoulders to force his/her way through a screen or to hold the screener and then to push him/ her aside in order to maintain a guarding position relative to his/her opponent. It is not legal to use hands on an opponent which in any way inhibits the freedom of movement of the opponent or acts as an aid to a player in starting or stopping. It is not legal to extend the arms fully or partially in a position other than vertical so that the freedom of movement of an opponent is hindered when contact with the arms occurs. The extension of the elbows when the hands are on the hips or when the hands are held near the chest or when the arms are held more or less horizontally are examples of the illegal positions used. It is not legal to use the hand and/or forearm to prevent an opponent from attacking the ball during a dribble or when throwing for a goal. It is not legal to swing arms and elbows excessively. This occurs when: a) Arms and elbows are swung about while using the shoulders as pivots, and the speed of the extended arms and elbows is in excess of the rest of the body as it rotates on the hips or on the pivot foot. b) The aggressiveness with which the arms and elbows are swung could cause injury to another player if contacted. Using this description as a basis, an official will promptly and unhesitatingly rule such action with arms and elbows a violation. It is not legal to lock arms or grasp a teammate(s) in an effort to restrict movement of an opponent. SITUATION: A1 who is driving for a goal, goes airborne and makes contact with B1 s arms who was stationary and in a proper guarding position with his/her arms straight up in the air within his/her vertical plane. RULING: Player control foul on A1 if contact is sufficient to call a foul. COMMENT: If contact is slight, pass on the call. Offensive player who caused the contact should not be rewarded for causing a foul. SITUATION: A2 goes airborne on a try for goal and with the non-shooting hand moves the arms of B2 out of the way who is in a proper guarding position with his/her arms straight up in the air within his/her vertical plane and scores a goal. RULING: No basket, player-control foul on A2. COMMENT: This is usually not hard contact but it penalizes the defensive player and gives a tremendous advantage to the offense. SITUATION: A3 is holding the ball and is closely guarded by B3. B3 reaches out to bat the ball away from A3 and accidentally hits the hand of A3 while A3 is holding the ball. A3 retains the ball or the ball is knocked loose from his/her hand. RULING: No foul, play on. COMMENT: If a defensive player accidentally strikes the hand of a player while the ball is in the hand of the offensive player, there is no foul. However, if there is contact above the hand, it is a foul.

20 SITUATION: A4 is driving down the lane on a try for a goal. A4 leaves the floor to release the ball and crashes into B4 before returning to the floor. B4 was in the proper guarding position before A4 went airborne. B4 put his/her arms in front of his/her chest in a recoil position to absorb the contact and turned his/her body slightly to avoid taking the contact straight in the torso. RULING: Player-control foul on A4. COMMENT: Once a defensive player establishes proper position, he/she may turn to avoid straight on contact in an attempt to lessen the blow from the collision. SITUATION: A5 goes airborne to attempt a field goal try. He/she releases the ball and then crashes into B5 before returning to the floor. B5 moved into the landing area before A5 went airborne. The try is successful. RULING: No basket, player-control foul on A5. COMMENT: Good anticipation by B5. He/she moved into the path of A5 and established a proper defensive position before A5 went airborne. Even though the ball was released before the contact ensued, the score cannot count and it is a player control foul. SITUATION: A2 sets a screen for A1 on the side of B1. B1 pushes A2 with a forearm in an effort to stay with A1. RULING: Foul on B1. COMMENT: A2 was in the visual field of B1. B1 should have avoided contact with A2. SITUATION: A3 sets a screen behind B2. B2 takes 1 and ½ normal steps and collides with A3. A3 is knocked backward a short distance with the initial contact but after the initial contact B2 pushes right through A3 to continue guarding his opponent. RULING: Foul on B2. COMMENT: If B2 would have moved to the right or left of A3 after the initial contact, the play would have been legal and no foul would have occurred as long as the initial contact was incidental since the screen was not in the visual view of B2. SITUATION: A4 sets a screen for A3 at the side of B3. B3 sees the screen and tries to move around A4. A4 throws his/her hip to the left as B3 is moving around him/her and contacts B3. RULING: Team-control foul on A4. COMMENT: The screener must be stationary and his/her body must remain in his/her vertical plane. Moving the hip or extending the arms or elbows beyond the vertical plane is a foul if there is contact. SITUATION: A5 is dribbling the ball from his/her backcourt and is being closely guarded by B5. A4 moves in the path of B5 to set a screen more than two steps behind the visual field of B5. A4 is stationary and has his/her arms on his/her chest with the elbows protruding beyond his/her vertical plane. B5 collides hard with A4 s elbow and falls to the floor. RULING: Team-control foul on A4. COMMENT: Arms and elbows must be within the vertical plane of the screener and must be used in a fashion to absorb the collision only. They cannot be used to inflict pain on the player being screened by extending them beyond the vertical plane or thrusting them forward on the player being screened. SITUATION: A1 rebounds off the opponent s basket and comes down with the ball swinging his arms and elbows violently with opponents near him/her. He/she contacts one opponent across the chest very hard. RULING: Intentional foul on A1. COMMENT: Excessive swinging of arms and elbows is a violation if no contact is made. However, if contact is made, it has to be at least an intentional foul. It may be a flagrant foul, but it has to be at least an intentional foul. SITUATION: PLAYING WITH 5 PLAYERS. Team A has very few players to field a Varsity and JV team. The Varsity players are on a strict quarter limit. Team A puts at least four varsity players in the JV book, and have each one play one quarter; that way they still have all four quarters for the varsity game. For the last quarter of the game, the varsity players that have played one quarter go to the locker room to get ready for the varsity game. Team A has no players sitting on the bench during the last quarter of the JV game. With 2:13 left in the fourth quarter of the game, Team A was winning when a Team A player fouled out. Team A had no one on the bench and told the refs they would finish with four. The officials would not let Team A finish with 4 players and said since players names were still in the book, Team A had to use them, which meant pulling them out of the locker room. Team A refused to put them in the game and the varsity coach came out and explained those players need those quarters so they can be eligible for the whole varsity game. The officials said if Team A refuses, they would be assessed a technical foul; if they refuse again, they ll assess another T, and the coach is ejected. Then after

21 another refusal, Team A would have to forfeit. What is the ruling on this? Answer: Most officials would never encounter this situation, so this is why confusion would occur. Team A should have been permitted to continue with four players. Rule Note applies when you have fewer than five players. Rule applies specifically to who is eligible to play. It states, A team member is a member of bench personnel who is in uniform and is eligible to become a player. When the team members were removed from the gym they were no longer bench personnel and as such could not be compelled to reenter the game. Had one or more been seated on the bench when a player was DQ d then one of them WOULD be required to reenter the JV game. SITUATION: TIMING AND SUBSTITUITON: With are 18 seconds to go in a one point game, one official is administering the throw in and puts the ball at the disposal of A1. The timer then sounds the horn for a sub, but the official does not let the sub in the game. A1 then passes the ball to A2 in their back court. The official chopped the clock for it to start, but the timer never starts it. The player starts dribbling up court and has the ball stolen by B1 who scores and they go up one. The head coach of team A says the clocks never started, and believes the officials should have stopped the game and run time off the clock and give them the ball back. What is the procedure to follow to correct this situation? There are several parts to this scenario: The official was correct to ignore the horn since the ball was already at the disposal of the thrower-in. However, if the throw-in had just started, sometimes it is just easier to stop the throw in and bring in the sub to prevent what did ultimately occur, but again, ignoring the horn is technically correct. Next, to address the issue of failing to start the clock, in this scenerio, there is no provision to correct the timing error as it appears that no official had definite knowledge to the amount of time that had elapsed. There is also no provision for a do-over. Therefore, the steal and score by B is allowed and presumably there are still 18 seconds to play. Now what do the officials do when they notice the clock is not running? They could stop the game and if they have knowledge to correct the time, that is ok. In this case they might stop play after B scored, since the ball was dead, to sort everything out, even though there would be no correction to the timing. III. Please take time as a group to review and discuss the following information concerning 6 Things You Never Say to a Coach from the 2012 October Referee Magazine: You will say all kinds of things when you re having a conversation, conference, discussion, talk, debate or heated exchange with a coach. But are there some comments that should never come out of your mouth? Referee asked subscribers in a recent Your Call survey what not to say. Some things are an obvious no-no, such as foul language. Here are some of the other things your peers suggested are off limits. If you re currently using any of the following in your conversations with coaches, you might want to eject them from your dialogue. 1. One more word and you re out of here! It s the classic overused phrase that needs to go away. And you can toss any other useless threats from your coach interaction vocabulary as well. What happens if the coach comes back with a compliment just to test you, or comes back with word? Are you prepared to eject the coach for that? Probably not. That s why one more word is worthless at best, and adding fuel to the fire at worst. Don t commit yourself to an action. It s a nowin situation. 2. Shut up. Now that s an example of adding more gasoline. It s antagonistic and unprofessional. Coaches should be allowed to have their say. If they cross the line and say something that warrants a reaction, use your tools within the rules--such as a technical foul, penalty or ejection to shut up the coach. That s the professional approach. That should be your approach. 3. You re wrong! If you don t tell a coach he or she is wrong, that doesn t mean you don t think or know, in some cases, that the coach is wrong. It simply means you don t say it, because it won t lead to a positive result. Suggesting the coach is right all the time isn t the answer either. Explaining what happened on a play or why you called what you called will let the coach know he or she is wrong (or right) without saying it. Sometimes telling the coach, That s not what I saw, or I ll check the play after the game serves to mitigate the situation and allows both parties to move on.

22 4. Are you serious? Sometimes what comes out of the mouths of coaches is so far-fetched and ridiculous, you want to question their mind-set. But that is not the right approach. Coaches have a big stake in the outcome of the game, and as a result, rational thinking can be lost at times. Assume they are serious. Keep your sense of humor about you and don t take some statements too seriously and you ll survive and thrive on the field and court. 5. That s not my call. Officiating is a team sport, just like any of the others. You and your partners are in it together, so you need to act like it. That statement can be taken to mean two things: My partner is to blame, or I saw what happened, but decided not to call it. Both are bad. While it may not have been a call in your area, there are plenty of things you can say without shifting the negative spotlight on your partner. If you did see the play and could have helped your partner call something he or she missed, it s your fault for not doing it. Getting the play right is your numberone priority. 6. It s just a game. You may argue, It is just a game. Coaches shouldn t act as if it is a life-ordeath situation. No one is suggesting that some coaches don t need to learn some perspective. The key is that it s not your job to teach it to them, and that phrase isn t the way to teach that, anyway. You might as well be saying, Who cares? I don t, because that is how it is going to be interpreted. Games are important to the coaches and participants, no matter the level or sport, and that isn t going to change. Just as officiating is important to you. Respecting the game and the participants is important, whether or not it is reciprocated. OK, the list can go on and on. Maybe you ve heard other no-no comments come out of your fellow officials mouths or your own that shouldn t have. What you say can make or break your career. So remain calm and in control during talks with coaches, and think before you speak. That will help eliminate a good percentage of your miss-speaks. IV. Talk orally as a group the following Basketball Rules Examination Part I: Discuss and clarify uncertainties with any question on the exam by referring to the relevant rule(s) reference(s). Copyrighted and Published in 2011 by the National Federation of State High School Associations Basketball Part I NOTE: In the exam situations, A refers to offensive team and B refers to their opponents, the defensive team. A1 and B1 are players of Team A and Team B. Unless otherwise stated: a single foul or free throw exists; all equipment, situations and acts are legal; a tap is toward the tapper s basket; and it is a two-point field goal. No errors or mistakes are involved unless noted. 1. An alternating-possession throw-in results in all of the following situations, EXCEPT: A. All double fouls. B. Simultaneous free-throw violations. C. A live ball lodges between the backboard and the ring. D. A live ball comes to rest on the flange. E. A held ball. 2. Team A is awarded an alternating-possession throw-in. The arrow will be switched toward Team B in all of the following, EXCEPT: A. After A1's throw-in pass is touched by A2. B. After Team A commits a throw-in violation.

23 C. When a foul by either team occurs before the throw-in ends. D. After A1's throw-in pass is touched by B2. E. After A1's throw-in pass is touched by A2, who is standing on a boundary line. 3. The alternating-possession procedure is always used after a double personal foul. 4. The alternating-possession procedure will be used after a simultaneous free-throw violation on the final attempt. 5. An alternating-possession throw-in results when the last part of a false double foul is a technical foul. 6. An alternating-possession throw-in results when a pass from A1 to A2 touches an official and then goes directly out of bounds. 7. If the ball is simultaneously touched by inbounds opponents near a boundary line and then goes out of bounds before the alternating-possession procedure has been established, play will be resumed with a jump ball in the center circle. 8. If B1 commits a common foul during the opening jump ball to start the game, alternatingpossession control is established when thrower A1 has the ball at his/her disposal. 9. During an alternating-possession throw-in by A1, B2 intentionally kicks the throw-in pass. The alternating-possession arrow should now point toward Team B s basket. 10. An indirect technical foul is assessed to the head coach when bench personnel is charged with a technical foul. 11. Assistant coaches may stand to confer with bench personnel during any dead-ball period.

24 12. During a charged time-out, the head coach and assistant coaches may rise and confer with team personnel within the confines of the time-out area. 13. When the optional coaching box is being utilized, the first technical foul charged directly or indirectly to the head coach results in the loss of coaching-box privileges for the remainder of the game. 14. The head coach is assessed a direct technical foul in all of the following situations, EXCEPT: A. Permitting team members to leave the bench area and/or playing court for an unauthorized reason. B. Permitting a team member to participate while wearing an illegal uniform. C. Permitting a team member to participate after being removed from the game for disqualification. D. Failing to replace or remove a disqualified or injured player within 20 seconds when a substitute is available. E. Permitting a team member to dunk during the pregame warmup. 15. Which of the following is permitted to designate the center restraining circle: A. A ¼-inch line. B. A 1-inch line. C. A 2-inch line. D. Contrasting colored-floor areas. E. All of the above. 16. All of the following are true regarding a legal basketball, EXCEPT: A. Its circumference shall be 29 1/2 to 30 inches for high school boys competition. B. Its circumference shall be 28 1/2 to 29 inches for high school girls competition. C. The ball shall include the NFHS Authenticating Mark. D. The ball shall be the approved orange shade or natural color. E. The ball shall have a maximum of eight horizontally shaped panels. 17. Backboard padding shall be a single solid color and shall be the same color on both backboards. 18. It is a requirement to have an "X" marked on the floor in front of the official scorer. 19. It is preferable to have 10 feet of unobstructed space outside the boundaries, but there shall be

25 at least 3 feet. 20. Music, both band and sound effects, shall only be permitted prior to a game, during time-outs, at intermission and post game. 21. The ideal measurements for a high school basketball court are: A. 94 feet by 50 feet. B. 84 feet by 50 feet. C. 100 feet by 50 feet. D. 90 feet by 50 feet. E. 84 feet by 45 feet. 22. The time-out area is an imaginary rectangle formed by the sideline (including the bench), end line, nearer free-throw lane line extended and the coaching-box line. 23. All of the following result in an intentional foul, EXCEPT: A. Contact away from the ball with an opponent who is clearly not involved with a play. B. Contact that is of a violent or savage nature. C. Contact with a thrower-in. D. Contact that is not a legitimate attempt to play the ball/player specifically designed to stop the clock or keep it from starting. E. Excessive contact while playing the ball. 24. A player is in control of the ball when he/she is holding a live ball. 25. Team control exists in all of the following situations, EXCEPT: A. When a player of the team is in control. B. While a live ball is being passed among teammates. C. During an interrupted dribble. D. While the ball is in flight during a try. E. When a player of the team has disposal of the ball for a throw-in. 26. A closely-guarded count continues when a defensive switch occurs, provided the 6-foot distance is maintained.

26 27. The closely-guarded distance is measured from the forward hand/arm of the defender to the forward hand/arm of the ball handler. 28. Team A is in control while the ball is loose after B1 deflects a pass from A1 to A A dribble may be started by pushing, throwing or batting the ball to the floor before the pivot foot is lifted. 30. After initial legal guarding position is established, the guard may be airborne provided he/she maintains inbounds status. 31. Accidentally hitting an opponent's hand while he or she is holding the ball is a foul even though the hand is in contact with the ball. 32. A held ball occurs when opponents have their hands so firmly on the ball that control cannot be obtained without rough play. 33. All of the following result in a kicking violation, EXCEPT: A. B1 intentionally uses his/her thigh to deflect a pass between A1 and A2. B. B1 intentionally uses his/her knee to deflect a pass between A1 and A2. C. B1 intentionally uses his/her foot to deflect a pass between A1 and A2. D. A1 intentionally uses his/her foot to deflect the ball closer to his/her hands in an attempt to secure the ball. E. B1 has the ball accidentally hit his/her lower leg. 34. When a player is touching in both frontcourt and backcourt, he or she is located in backcourt. 35. Play is resumed at the point of interruption in all of the following situations, EXCEPT: A. An official's inadvertent whistle.

27 B. A double personal foul. C. A double technical foul. D. A simultaneous foul. E. A technical foul. 36. The traveling and dribbling rules are in effect for the thrower during a throw-in. 37. A team-control foul can also be intentional or flagrant. 38. If airborne A1 passes the ball instead of shooting, and then illegally contacts B1, he or she has committed a team-control foul. 39. A player-control foul is a common foul. 40. Technical fouls include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. A foul by a nonplayer. B. A noncontact foul by a player. C. A contact foul while the ball is live. D. A contact foul while the ball is dead, except a foul by an airborne shooter. E. A direct technical charged to the head coach as a result of his/her actions. 41. If two Team B players commit a multiple foul on A1 during an unsuccessful 3-point try, A1 is awarded four free throws. 42. A situation in which there is a foul by both teams at approximately the same time, but the fouls are not committed by opponents against each other, is known as: A. A simultaneous foul. B. A double foul. C. A false double foul. D. A multiple foul. E. A false multiple foul. 43. Continuous motion does not apply if a teammate fouls after a player has started a try for a goal and before the ball is in flight.

28 44. A free throw ends: A. When the try is successful. B. When it is certain the try will not be successful. C. When the try touches the floor or any player. D. When the ball becomes dead. E. All of the above. 45. A substitute for the offended team may enter the game and attempt the second free throw awarded for a technical foul. 46. A substitute free throw is awarded if during a free throw by A1, A2 violates and the attempt is unsuccessful. 47. A substitute free throw is awarded if during a free throw there is a simultaneous violation and the attempt is successful. 48. A1's free throw ends immediately when B1 commits a lane violation. 49. All of the following are true statements regarding lane spaces being occupied during free throws, EXCEPT: A. A maximum of four defensive and two offensive players are permitted. B. The first marked lane spaces may be occupied by the defense or offense. C. The lane areas from the end line, up to and including the neutral-zone marks, shall remain vacant. D. Not more than one player may occupy any part of a marked lane space. E. Players who do not occupy a marked lane space, other than the thrower, must be behind the free-throw line extended and behind the three-point arc. 50. During a free throw by A1, B3 goaltends. One point will be awarded and B3 will be charged with a technical foul. 51. Following a time-out or intermission, if free thrower A1 is not in the free-throw semicircle when the administering official is ready, a technical foul for delay is charged to A1.

29 52. Free-throw restrictions simultaneously end for the free thrower and players who are not in marked lane spaces. 53. If multiple free throws result from a single personal and a single technical foul, the free throws shall be attempted in the order in which the fouls occurred. 54. It is a violation for the free thrower to purposely fake a try. 55. The ball becomes live when it is at the free thrower's disposal. 56. When A1 is injured and unable to attempt the free throws awarded for a personal foul, Team B's head coach may select A1's replacement free thrower. 57. While dribbling, the ball is still in Team A's backcourt if both of A1's feet are touching in the frontcourt, but the ball is touching the division line. 58. The ball is in Team A's backcourt when A1, while holding the ball, is straddling the division line. 59. A team's frontcourt includes the division line. 60. If A1 jumps from his/her frontcourt and lands in the backcourt, A1 is not considered to be located in either court while in the air. 61. The thrower's opponents are given two warnings for violating the throw-in boundary plane after which a technical foul will be charged to the offending player.

30 62. After B1 s successful try, A1 attempts a throw-in from the end line and the ball is intentionally kicked by B2 who is standing in the lane. The end line throw-in following the violation will be a designated spot throw-in. 63. B1 has violated if A1's throw-in deliberately strikes B1 in the leg and then rolls out of bounds. 64. B1 reaches through the throw-in boundary plane and touches or dislodges the ball from throwerin A1. What is the result? A. A technical foul on B1. B. An intentional foul on B1. C. A throw-in violation on A1. D. A personal foul on B1. E. A delay-of-game warning issued to B During a designated spot throw-in, thrower A1 must keep at least one foot on or over the spot until the ball is released. 66. During a throw-in, B1 has violated if thrower A1 passes the ball into the court and it is first touched by B1 who has one foot on a boundary line. 67. The throw-in boundary plane is in force only for the opponent(s) of the thrower. 68. When an opponent of the thrower reaches through the throw-in boundary plane and contacts the thrower, it is a technical foul. 69. It is a throw-in violation if the ball does not touch a player on the court within five seconds after the ball is at the disposal of the thrower.

31 70. It is a violation when A1's throw-in touches an official on the court and then is first touched by A1, who has stepped inbounds. 71. Once the ball has been released by the thrower, opponents may break the throw-in boundary plane. 72. Team A is considered in control when thrower A1 has the ball at his/her disposal for a throw-in. 73. The three-second lane restriction is not in effect during a throw-in. 74. Thrower A1 is in player control while holding the ball for a throw-in. 75. All of the following are true statements regarding charged time-outs, EXCEPT: A. Time-outs shall be conducted within the confines of the time-out area. B. A 60-second time-out may be reduced in length if the charged team is ready to play. C. During a 30-second time-out, players must remain standing. D. No on-court entertainment is permitted during a 30-second time-out. E. Teams are permitted three 60-second time-outs and two 30-second time-outs during a regulation game. 76. A successive time-out is one that is granted to either team before the ball becomes live following the previous time-out. 77. Which of the following statements is true when each team is granted a time-out to keep a player in the game who was directed to leave because of injury/blood? A. The time-outs are administered concurrently. B. The time-outs are administered in the order in which they were requested. C. Both teams are always charged a 60-second time-out. D. The players may not enter the game until the next opportunity to substitute after the time-out. E. None of the above. 78. A team need only be in team control to request and be granted a time-out.

32 79. A time-out shall not be granted until after the ball has become live to start the game. 80. After a team has used its allotted number of time-outs, any subsequent time-out request should be ignored. 81. After expiration of playing time in the fourth quarter, Team A may be granted a time-out immediately after Team B has had one. 82. Either team may be granted a time-out following a field goal and before the throw-in begins. 83. No time-out is charged if a coach's request results in a correctable error being prevented or rectified. 84. Players may sit or stand during a 60-second time-out, but must remain in the time-out area. 85. A time-out is not charged if the request was granted because a player's shoelaces became untied. 86. If a player's shirt is not properly tucked inside the pants, the official shall direct him or her to leave the game unless the team is subsequently granted a time-out. 87. The torso of the team jersey shall be the same single solid color for all team members. 88. All of the following are true statements regarding an arm compression sleeve, EXCEPT: A. It must cover the elbow.

33 B. It must be white, black, beige or a single solid school color. C. It must be the same color for each team member. D. It must be worn for medical reasons. E. Its manufacturer s logo shall not exceed 2¼ square inches. 89. The torso of the team jersey is an area from the base of the neck to the bottom of the jersey and from side insert to side insert. 90. There are no color or design restrictions in the area of the team jersey from the imaginary line at the base of the neckline to the top of the shoulder. 91. Only one visible manufacturer's logo/trademark/reference is permitted on the team jersey. 92. Provided both players do not play at the same time, both 0 and 00 are legal numbers for team members. 93. When worn, a team's headbands and wristbands must all be the same color. 94. Beads, barrettes and bobby pins worn to control the hair are permitted, provided they are covered. 95. A substitute may enter between quarters without being beckoned by an official. 96. A substitute must report or be in position prior to the warning signal during a 30- or 60-second time-out. 97. Substitutions between halves may be made by a team representative.

34 98. The official shall grant a captain's request for a defensive match-up if three or more substitutes from the same team enter the game during a substitution opportunity. 99. A substitute becomes a player when he or she legally enters the court to participate A substitute who legally enters the game during a dead-ball period may not be withdrawn during that same dead-ball period. OUTLINE MUST BE SIGNED BY ALL PRESENT AND SENT TO YOUR REGIONAL DIRECTOR BY APRIL 1, 2013.

35 MONTANA OFFICIALS ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL STUDY CLUB OUTLINES LESSON #5 NAME CLUB DATE I. Please take time as a group to review and discuss the following information concerning Flagrant Fouls and Technical Fouls. More information about each type of foul can be found in Rule 10-Articles 1-5. TYPE FOUL Administrative: Providing rosters; starters; numbers; changes, additions, etc.; team not ready to start half, TV monitor, electronic communication; not occupying assigned bench; more than five players; excess time-out; violation after team warning for delay; all players not returning at same time after timeout or intermission; teammates(s) lock or grasp arms(see rule 10-1 for more information) Substitutes: Entering court; no report; not beckoned (see rule 10-2 for more information) Players: *Changing number without reporting; face-guarding; delaying return; grasping the basket, dunking/attempting to dunk a dead ball; intentionally striking/slapping backboard; placing a hand on the backboard to gain an advantage; delaying game; unsporting act/conduct; goaltending on free throw; reaching through plane to touch or dislodge ball; contact opponent during dead ball; use of tobacco; removing jersey/pants; *fight (see rule 10-3 for more information) Bench personnel: Unsporting act/conduct; enter court without permission; use tobacco; removing jersey/pants; grasping basket or dunking a dead ball; standing at the team bench; *fight; *leave bench during fight or possible fight (see rule 10-4 for more information) Disqualified player on bench: Unsporting act/conduct (see rule 10-4 for more information) Assistant Coach: Unsporting act/conduct (see rule 10-4 for more information) Headcoach: Unsporting act/conduct; off bench/outside box; not replacing player as required in 20 seconds; *leaving bench during fight unless beckoned; playing a disqualified player; illegal jersey/pants/number; team members leaving court/bench for unauthorized reason (see rule 10-5 for more information) TECHNICAL-FOUL PENALTY SUMMARY CHARGED TO: Team Substitute Player Substitute/ Bench Personnel Substitute/ Bench Personnel Assistant Coach Head Coach COUNTS TOWARD Team-foul count 1. 2 Technicals 2. 5 Personal 3.Team-foul Count 1. 2 Technicals 2. 5 Personal 3.Team-foul Count 1. 2 Technicais 2. 5 Personal 3. Team-foul Count Team-foul count 2 techs toward election Team-foul Count 2 directs toward ejection Team-foul Count **HEAD COACH ASSESSED Indirect Indirect Indirect *Also disqualification. Reminder any single flagrant act results in disqualification **A single flagrant foul, the second direct technical foul or the third technical foul (any combination of direct or indirect) charged to the head coach results in ejection to the team s locker room or outside the building. Direct

36 Flagrant fouls can be classified into three categories: 1. Contact during a live ball 2. Contact during a dead ball 3. Unethical behavior A flagrant foul can be a personal foul or a technical foul. It can also be a double personal or a double technical. It cannot be a common foul or a player control foul. A flagrant personal foul is contact during a live ball that is severe and excessive. It can also be contact that is extreme in nature. A flagrant technical foul is contact during a dead ball that is extreme in nature or contact that is severe and excessive. A flagrant technical foul can also be unsporting behavior that is extreme in nature or unethical. Flagrant Foul Penalties Flagrant technical foul: Two shots and the ball at the division line away from the table. The shooter is any player or substitute. Flagrant personal foul: Two shots and the ball at the spot of the foul. The shooter is the offended player or his substitute if injured or disqualified. Flagrant double technical fouls: Continue the game using the alternating possession arrow. The ball is taken out of bounds at the division line opposite the table. Flagrant double personal fouls: Resume play with the alternating possession arrow. Technicals that must be caught before the ball becomes live illegal numbers illegal uniforms changing the starting five II. Please take time as a group to review and discuss the following information concerning Signaling and Communication from the 2012 October Referee Magazine: The Beckoning Call Bringing in substitutes happens pretty regularly over the course of a game. At any given dead ball there is an opportunity for coaches to put in some replacements. If not handled properly, you could have some serious problems. Who brings them in? The trail official in two-person will bring in the substitutes in the frontcourt. The trail becoming the new lead will bring in the subs in transition. In three-person, the center or trail, whoever is tableside, will beckon in the frontcourt. An exception is made when the ball is being put

37 into play in the tableside trail s primary. The center official will bring in subs in transition. Stop sign. The stop sign is an important component to bringing in substitutes. Keep in mind that the person you are giving the stop sign to is not the players, the scoretable or coaches. You are giving the stop sign to your partner that will he putting the ball back into play. That official dictates when the ball is going to be made live again. Make sure he or she can see you. Signal. In the PlayPic, you see the proper mechanic for beckoning substitutes. Be sure to use approved signals even for something as small as bringing in substitutes. It helps create uniformity among your crew. Count. It is in your best interest to count the players before the ball gets put back into play. If two players enter for a certain team, make sure two players from that same team leave the court. That simple step can save you a lot of trouble. Maintain heightened awareness during substitution situations! III. Please take time as a group to review and discuss the following information concerning a pregame meeting 2012 October Referee Magazine: Time to Review! Whether it s the beginning of the season, mid-season or time to prepare for your tournament games, it is always a good time to refresh your brain with the basics. Especially if you do not work with the same crew every night or will have new partners that you never worked with. A pregame is an essential part of preparation. If you don t want to use a formal pregame, be sure you cover some main topics. Below are some things to keep in mind and in your bag for basic review. Make eye contact before putting the ball in play, every time. Know how to handle double whistles. The mechanics book states, if the play starts in your area, stay with it all the way through. Just be sure your partners are on the same page. Avoid the blarge, but know how to handle it if it occurs. Remember the fumble, dribble, fumble rule. Too often that is incorrectly called a double dribble. A player can fumble the ball all the way down the court as long as you feel it was not intentional. A dribble must be an intentional push to the floor. The same goes with a high dribble: It s ugly, but we can t call ugly. A high dribble is not illegal. You cannot travel if you don t have possession of the ball, (player control) and you can t travel while dribbling. A player diving for a loose ball has no limit on how far they can slide, as long as they don t control the ball before going to the floor and don t roll after securing the ball to avoid a defender. Review your primary area, as well as secondary responsibilities. Know where to bring the ball back in play on violations and fouls. On backcourt violations, the offensive team must be the last to touch the ball in the frontcourt and first to touch in the backcourt, in order to violate. Review the four exceptions: on a throw in, a defensive player, on a shot attempt, and during jump balls. Once a team has team control, they retain control until the ball becomes dead or is secured by the other team or a shot is taken. There is usually team control on most loose balls. Exceptions are rebounds from shot attempts and on jump balls. Review team control rules. No shots are to be granted if the team in control commits a foul. There is team control on throw-ins. The only time there is no team control, is during a shot attempt, during dead balls or jump balls. Foul on a thrower-in, regardless of which side of the out-of-bounds line, is now an intentional foul. Reaching over or through the line and touching the ball is still a technical foul. If the throwerin puts the ball through the end line, the defender can legally grab the ball. The offended player on an intentional foul is awarded two shots and the ball even on a made basket. The throw-in will be at the spot of the foul. The only exception is, if it was on an unsuccessful three-point attempt. In that case, three shots would be granted. There are no shots taken on double fouls. Bring the ball back into play at the point of interruption, not possession arrow. If there was no possession, you then use the arrow. Technical fouls are for unsporting behavior, touching the ball through the endline plane on a throw-in or dead-ball illegal contact. During live ball, illegal contact cannot be a technical foul. Live-ball contact fouls can be a personal foul, intentional or flagrant. Slapping the backboard cannot be goaltending or basket interference. If it was a legitimate

38 attempt to play the ball, it is a legal play. If you deem it was not an attempt to play the ball, it should be called an unsporting technical foul. On a loose ball, do not let a player jump on, or push through another player to gain an advantage. There is a misconception that during a loose ball, any contact is legal. All illegal contact rules still apply. Whether it is indirect or direct, the coach loses his or her coach s box privileges. A single flagrant, a second direct technical or third technical of any kind results in disqualification. A substitute becomes a legal player when the ball becomes live, even if entered illegally. If a player is injured and trainer or coach comes onto the court, the player must be removed unless a time out is called to buy the player back in. Screens, on a stationary opponent, from behind, must allow one step to avoid contact. On a moving opponent, they must allow time and distance. Screener should be no wider than shoulder width apart; contact may be severe, but legal. A screening player can move. If there is no contact, there can be no foul. During play, a player who runs off the court with or without the ball (usually to avoid a screen or other players) has committed a violation. On a throw-in, a player who does not return directly to the court, as a deceptive advantage has illegally gained the advantage. It is a technical foul, not a violation. Excessively swinging the arms or elbows (without contact) is a violation. A kicking violation is an intentional strike with the leg or foot. A pass off a defender s leg is not a kick. A box out is securing position. Displacement is a foul! Use this list in your pregame discussions to help cover a wide range of topics in a short amount of time. Use your pregame time wisely! IV Discuss and review the following: NFHS BASKETBALL RULES INTERPRETATIONS Publisher s Note: The National Federation of State High School Associations is the only source of official high school interpretations. They do not set aside nor modify any rule. They are made and published by the NFHS in response to situations presented. Robert B. Gardner, Publisher, NFHS Publications 2012 SITUATION 1: While A1's free throw is in flight, B1, in a marked lane space, enters the lane. A1's free throw hits the ring and bounces straight up and hits a wire over the basket or hits the ring and goes over the backboard. RULING: The official should sound the whistle and call a violation on B1. A1 is given a substitute free throw. (9-1-4 Penalty 2b) SITUATION 2: Team A has a designated spot throw-in along the end line. Thrower A1 extends the ball with his/her arms over the end line such that part of the forearms, hands and the ball are entirely on the inbounds side of the boundary line. B2 slaps A1 on the wrist and dislodges the ball. RULING: When a defender makes contact with a thrower-in, the result is an intentional foul. Where A1 s arms are located (on the inbounds or out-of-bounds side of the boundary line) is immaterial for this penalty to be assessed. A1 is awarded two free throws and Team A is awarded a throw-in at the spot nearest the foul. COMMENT: For a boundary-plane violation warning to also be assessed, the defender must actually violate the rule and penetrate the boundary plane. (4-19-3e; ; 7-5-4b; Penalty 4) SITUATION 3: A1 is closely guarded by B1 for two seconds in Team A s frontcourt. B2 then double-teams A1 and both B1 and B2 are closely guarding A1 for one second. B1 then drops off of A1 to cover another player. B2 continues to closely guard A1 for two more seconds. RULING: A1 has committed a violation since he/she was closely guarded continuously for a total of five seconds. (4-10; a) SITUATION 4: A1 holds the ball for four seconds while B1 obtains a legal guarding position. A1 begins a dribble and does so for four seconds while B1 maintains a closely guarded position. A1 then holds the ball for four seconds while being closely guarded. RULING: There is no violation in this situation. Though

39 closely guarded, A1 is legal in holding the ball for four seconds, then dribbling for four seconds and then holding the ball again for four seconds. (4-10; ; a) SITUATION 5: At half time, Team A is leading the game. A1, A2 and A3 are passing the ball among themselves to run time off the clock while not allowing Team B to gain control of the ball. B1 goes out and pushes A1 to stop the clock. The official calls a personal foul. RULING: Incorrect call. The foul was deliberate and should have been called an intentional foul. A1 should shoot two free throws and Team A should be awarded the ball for a throw-in at the spot nearest the foul. (4-19-3c) SITUATION 6: As A1's try is in flight, A1, B1 and B2 get in position for a rebound. B1's back is against A1 as the rebound comes off the rim. B1 steps backwards and displaces A1 out of position by pushing/backing into him/her. B1 gains control of the rebound. RULING: Foul on B1. (4-7-1; ) SITUATION 7: Team A controls the ball in its backcourt and moves toward its frontcourt. A1 brings the ball into the frontcourt and immediately passes the ball to A2, who is posted low outside the lane, who then passes to A3 cutting across the lane. B1 is moving with A3 as he/she comes across the lane but has not established a legal guarding position. B1 uses his/her body to push A3 as a try is made. RULING: Foul on B1. (4-23-2) SITUATION 8: Team A is hosting the contest. The official scorekeeper is wearing a red shirt to match that of the coaching staff of Team A. The referee of the officiating crew asks the scorekeeper to wear a vertically striped garment. The scorekeeper refuses to change his/her garment to honor the request of the official. RULING: The contest should be played and the situation reported to the school's administration and to the state office. COMMENT: There is not a penalty associated with this rule. The intent of the rule is to quickly identify the official scorekeeper at the table. ( ) SITUATION 9: Player A1 scores a field goal. Team B has the ball for an end line throw-in. Thrower-in B1 may move along the end line. A2 intentionally fouls B2 near the end line. Following the free throws, the official awards the ball to Team B and rules that Team B still has the privilege of moving along the end line. RULING: Incorrect call. The ensuing throw-in must be made from the designated spot. (Rule 7-5-4b) SITUATION 10: Team A scores a field goal. B1 picks up the ball after the successful field goal, then proceeds out-of-bounds to start the throw-in effort. B1 moves along the end line while attempting to locate an open teammate. B1 releases the throw-in pass and the ball is kicked by A2 near the end line. The official rules a violation and awards Team B a designated spot throw-in. RULING: Incorrect call. Team B retains the right to move along the end line for the ensuing throw-in. (Rule 7-5-7b) SITUATION 11: While the ball is in flight on a free throw by A1, A4 breaks the plane of the three-point line with his/her foot before the ball hits the ring, backboard or the free throw ends. RULING: A4 has committed a free-throw violation. The official should sound the whistle immediately and award the ball to Team B for a throw-in at a spot nearest the violation. (Rule 9-1-3f; Penalty 1a) SITUATION 12: A1 is holding the ball in her/his frontcourt. B1 moves to within 6 feet and stands and faces A1. The official does not apply the closely guarded rule because B1 is not playing aggressively. RULING: The official is incorrectly applying the closely guarded rule. The amount of movement or the actual body movement of B1 is irrelevant. (Rule 4-10) SITUATION 13: A1 is dribbling the ball in the frontcourt and B1 assumes a legal, closely guarded position. A2 moves into a position to set a legal, on-ball screen on B1. B2, playing good defense, trails the screen and switches onto A1 as he comes off the screen, still dribbling the ball. RULING: The official should continue the closely guarded count and when the count reaches 5 seconds, sound the whistle and call a violation on A1. (9-10-2) OUTLINE MUST BE SIGNED BY ALL PRESENT AND SENT TO YOUR REGIONAL DIRECTOR BY APRIL 1, 2013.

40 MONTANA OFFICIALS ASSOCIATION BASKETBALL STUDY CLUB OUTLINES LESSON #6 NAME CLUB DATE I. Please review and discuss the following information from the three-person mechanics preseason guide: Signaling and Communication The key to quality signaling is remembering that it is a sequence of fluid movements. Take your time. Signals executed with separate and distinct motions ensure clarity; jumbled quickly together and the messages are lost. It s not a style contest it s a means of communicating valuable information to the players, coaches, scorers and fans. Use only NFHS approved signals. The use of personal signals to communicate with partners is inappropriate and can be confusing. Use the same signals that have the same meaning for all involved in the game. During the signaling sequence, keep your head up to watch for additional player activity and ensure dead-hall officiating. Do not leave the area to report a foul or signal a violation until the players appear calm and you re sure your partner(s) are watching dead-ball action. If there was significant contact and the players ended up on the floor, remain in the area until the players have returned to their feet. When there s significant contact, communicate with your partners that you re in the area to let all players know they are being closely monitored. Once you ve decided it s okay to move to report, go around the players to the reporting area. Don not run through a crowd because then players are behind you and you lose sight of them. That s when problems occur. By running around the crowd, you re ensuring your safety and their safety. Get to the reporting area. It is not acceptable to stand one step off the end line to report a foul. The scorer has to be able to see you report. Communicate closely with your partner(s). It is imperative that your partners be the first to know what you ve got and how the ensuing action will restart (free throw, throw in). On time-outs, communicate the spot that the ball will be restarted from before going to report the time-out to the scorer. Don t consider your call completed until you re partners know what you ve got. It s not a race, SO take your time and communicate clearly.

41 Positioning is Key on the Bang-Bang Call Have you ever been in a room and found yourself looking at something that looks completely different from different angles? Imagine a 12-inch square piece of white cardboard held up in front of a room for everyone to see. What color are you looking at? the presenter asked everyone. The majority of the respondents figured it was an easy question and joined in a chorus of White! The presenter shook his head and said, You are all wrong. I see green. Before everyone got up to disagree, the presenter turned the cardboard around and sure enough the side that was facing him was green. It s all about angles, the presenter began. What you see from where you are is not what I see from where I am. If you are in the proper position you have the best vantage point in the gym. While it s a simple demonstration, it was very powerful. How you position yourself during the game is fundamental to getting the call correct. A good analogy is the adage that one cannot see the forest beyond the trees. If an official is too close to a play, he or she will lose depth and have a poor view of the action. Closer is not always better. Keep that in mind. Visual lanes Maintaining clear visual lanes is key to getting the call correct. Rather than looking through the players, expand your field of vision by creating a bit of distance away from the action. For the lead, that means backing away from the end line and creating some space from the free-throw lane. The trail should work the imaginary arc outside the three-point line from as far as the foul-lline extended (two-person game) to mid-court if action dictates. In a two-person crew, the trail s normal arc sweet spot is roughly four to six feet off the three-point arc. In a three person game, the center must move laterally along the sideline to avoid being straightlined. Straightlining Straightlined simply means you are looking at the action with tunnel vision. It is essentially taking a game that is three dimensional and officiating only one element of it. Think of looking through an hourglass, you can see more from the wider area at the top than the neck where the sand falls through. Proper positioning cannot he achieved if you are standing on a dime. To get the best possible view of a play, an official needs to move purposely. That doesn t mean to scamper like someone is chasing you, but rather modify your position in a controlled fluid motion. Sometimes it is one or two steps, other times the action may influence shifting halfway across the court. By standing in one place and trying to see the action by stretching your neck most likely will leave you with two things: a sore neck and an evaluator who will want to wring it. On line calls, being too near to the play puts you in a position where it is difficult to distinguish last touches, possible pushes, line touches and even seeing the line itself. By allowing the action to blow up on you, your view of the play becomes obscured by the proximity of the fracas. Of course, on loose balls and quick turnovers sometimes that cannot he helped, but having proper separation gives you a chance to get out of the way and circle back to the play.

42 The bang-bang play Positioning on bang-bang plays is imperative in making the correct call. Those circumstances require instant processing of all available information. Did the defender slide in front of the offensive player or establish a legal guarding position? Did the offensive player push off with an arm? Did one of the two take a flop? Did the ball hit the line before the player s arm was hit? Unless decent spacing/ depth is created, you are not allowing yourself to see the entire play and could miss an infraction. You can say that by staying off the play a bit, you are really on top of the play. There are going to be times you will be beat on a fastbreak. The best bet here is to create a position where you can get a suitable look at action. A visual opening to see if that swipe of the hand by the defender actually hits the shooter is crucial. If you cannot beat the players down the court, expand to a side view to allow maximum observation. A tight gym with a large crowd can cause major problems. If there are only a few feet of room around the perimeter of the court, the officials job is going to be doubly tough. It is a good idea to hash this over during your pregame. You have to have confidence that your partners can help you out because they may have a better look than you do. In that situation, it is a good idea as the lead to move a bit farther away from the lane to give a more open view of what is going on in your primary coverage area. If you can move as the lead to the ball-side position, you ll be in a better spot to officiate any action that develops near the basket. While angles are important, proximity helps sell the call! Your positioning is the secret for making the correct call and it is something you can control most of the time. See the trees in the forest and enjoy running around but not through them. Be a Leader in the Trail Position Learning the trail position in a three-person crew is probably the easiest. You don t have to learn a completely new position like you do with the center or drastic coverage changes with the lead. While there are some minor changes from two-person mechanics, the majority you already know: Focus on your primary coverage area, get good looks at three-point trys and move to stay in good position. Concentrate off-ball The trail must concentrate off ball and observe the actions of players away from the ball. If the trail were to watch the ball while it is in the lead s primary area, that leaves only the center to watch the other eight players. While that is the case in two-person mechanics, having that mindset with three officials totally defeats the purpose of the third official. Concentrate on players off the ball when the ball is out of your primary.