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2 Microfinance & Self Help Groups i

3 Publishing-in-support-of, EDUCREATION PUBLISHING RZ 94, Sector - 6, Dwarka, New Delhi Shubham Vihar, Mangla, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh Website: Copyright, Authors All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of its writer. ISBN: Price: ` The opinions/ contents expressed in this book are solely of the authors and do not represent the opinions/ standings/ thoughts of Educreation or the Editors. The book is released by using the services of self-publishing house. Printed in India ii

4 Microfinance & Self Help Groups Dr. A. Alimelu Annapurna EDUCREATION PUBLISHING (Since 2011) iii

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6 Preface Women may be poor individually but are not so when in groups. The evolution of Self-help groups (SHGs) is a real boon to women with little and no credibility. It is proved beyond doubt that women care for the welfare of their children and family. Women prosperity embraces, the prosperity of family, society, the nation and ultimately the universe. Thanks for the initiations of father of Microfinance Nobel laureate Prof. Mohammed Yunnus. He proved that women are more reliable for repayment of monies lent despite their poor financial position. Both developed and developing countries are experiencing positive impact of adopting this strategy. Government and Non-Government Financial institutions are coming forward to extend financial assistance to once excluded women without insisting on collateral security. India adopted the Self-help group model of Microfinance to empower women and alleviate poverty. Large numbers of women are formed into groups of 10 to 20 members. Financial discipline exhibited in lending group corpus and repayment of the same stand as the base for gaining trust of financial Institutions and government agencies to avail financial assistance from them. The Government of Andhra Pradesh stands in the forefront to implement welfare programmers in the State. This book presents the mechanism adopted by the Government of Andhra Pradesh and its impact on women empowerment in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. The facts are the findings of author in the study conducted for the award of degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the district of East Godavari District and from the interaction with the DRDA missionary. Dr. Ajjarapu Alimelu Annapurna v

7 Acknowledgements This study could not be made possible but for the support & cooperation of all concerned official in this SHG missionary in the district. I thank each and every one individually for all their selfless cooperation. I would like to acknowledge the uncommendable support of my husband Sri. B. Srinivas, M. Sc., B.Ed., my Daughter B.L.S. Harika, my Son B. Satya Hemanth and others in conducting the survey. I would also like to thank my parents, in-law parents, colleagues in extending their support and for their blessings. Profound thanks to Prof. A.V.N.L. Sharma my brother for all his encouragement. vi

8 List of Tables Sr. Table Page 2.1 Sample Frame of The Study Geographical Features and Climatic 30 Conditions of East Godavari District 3.2 Land Utilization Pattern in The District Vis- 32 A-Vis The State 3.3 Demographic Dynamics of The District Worker and Non-Worker Distribution of 36 Population Of District 3.5 Occupational Distribution of Main and Marginal Workers in The District as on Profile of The District After Division of The 38 State In June, Division-nd Mandal-Wise Distribution Of 41 SHGs in The District 4.2 SHGs in Different Terrains of The District Age Profile of Sample SHG Members Caste-Wise Distribution of Sample SHG 45 Members 4.5 Caste Break-Up of Sample SHG Members 46 and Their Membership Tenure 4.6 Religion of Sample SHG Members Sample SHG Members By Their Marital 48 Status 4.8 Nature of Family Units of SHG Households Size-Distribution of Sample SHG Member 49 Households 4.10 Gender and Child-Adult Composition of 50 Members of Sample SHG Households 4.11 Education Levels of Sample SHG Members Education Levels of Members In Sample 52 Groups 4.13 Single and Multiple SHG Membership of 53 Sample SHG Households 4.14 SHG Members Classified into BPL And APL 54 vii

9 Families 5.1 Progress of SHG-Bank Linkage Programme 57 in A.P: From To Region-Wise SHG Bank Linkage Programme 58 in Andhra Pradesh: From To A Anova Results of SHGs Linked To Banks B Anova Results of SHG Loan Disbursements District-Wise Progress of SHG- Bank 61 Linkage in Andhra Pradesh And Progress Of SHG Bank Linkage 62 Programme in East Godavari District: From To Division-Wise SHG-Bank Loan 64 Disbursements To SHGs In East Godavari District: From 1999 To A Anova Results B Trend and Growth Rates Of Loan 66 Disbursements To SHGs From To Bank Agency- Wise SHG Linkage 67 Programme in Andhra Pradesh Vis-A-Vis East Godavari District 5.7 Bank-Wise Credits-Deposits Ratios in East 69 Godavari District as on 31 st March Institutions Involved in SHG-Bank Linkage 72 Programme in East Godavari District 5.9 Progress of Per Group SHG-Bank Loan in 73 East Godavari District: From To Economic Category-Wise SHGs Covered 75 under Bank Linkage in East Godavari District 5.11 SHG-Bank Loan Subsidies From A.P Government in East Godavari 76 viii

10 District: From To Cummulative Average SHG-Bank Loan 78 Amount By Membership Tenure And Caste 5.13 Average Rounds of SHG-Bank Loans 79 Availed By SHG Members By Caste 5.14 Distribution of SHG Members By Rounds of 80 SHG-Bank Loan Amounts and Caste Category 5.15 Average Rounds of SHG-Bank Loans 81 Availed By SHG Members By Caste 6.1 Earners in the SHG Member Households 85 Caste-Wise 6.2 SHG Member Households By Caste and 87 Economic Status 6.3 SHG Member Households By Main Source of 88 Income And Caste 6.4 Occupational Change Of Members After 90 Joining SHG 6.5 Monthly Income Distribution of SHG 91 Members Caste-Wise Before and After Joining SHGs 6.6 Monthly Income Distributions of SHG 93 Member Households Caste-Wise Before and After Joining SHG 6.7 Economic Mobility of SHG Members Caste- 95 Wise 6.8 Economic Mobility of SHG Members 96 Households By Caste Across Income Categories 6.9 Monthly Expenditure Distribution of SHG 98 Member Households Before And After Joining SHGs 6.10 Monthly Expenditure Transition of SHG 100 Member Households Bycaste Across Expenditure Classes 6.11 Incidence of Indebtedness in SHG Member 101 ix

11 Households Before & After Joining SHGs Excluding SHG-Bank Loans 6.12 Institutional and Non-Institutional Sources 103 of Loan Outstandings of SHG Member Households Before Joining SHGs and as of Now Including SHG -Bank Loan 6.13 End-Uses of SHG-Bank Loans By SHG 105 Households 6.14 Sources of Funds For SHG-Bank Loan 106 Repayment 6.15 SHG Membership Tenure-Wise Monthly 107 Savings 6.16 Non-Financial Asset Ownership of SHG 108 Member Households 6.17 Nature of Owned House of SHG Member 109 Households 6.18 Ownership of Financial Assets By SHG 110 Member Households 6.19 Binary Aspects of Economic Empowerment 112 of SHG Members 6.20 Members Perception of SHG Membership Participation of SHG Members in Family 114 Decision Making Before and After Joining SHGs 6.22 Status Changes of SHG Members in the 116 Family And Community After Joining SHGs 6.23 Awareness Levels of SHG Members of 117 Women-Related Matters 6.24 Involvement of Women in SHG and Allied 119 Activities 6.25 SHG Member Voting Participation in 120 Elections 6.26 SHG Member Attendance at Gramasabhas/ 121 Ward Conventions 6.27 SHG Member Coverage of Schemes and 122 x

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