Economia di corsa dei corridori dell Africa Orientale

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1 Economia di corsa dei corridori dell Africa Orientale Carlo Capelli, Facoltà di Scienze Motorie, Università di Verona Guido Ferretti, Corso di Laurea in Scienze Motorie, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Brescia 13/03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 1

2 The arrival of the kenyan marathon runners: the effect on the chronological evolution of performances y = x R 2 = velocità (kn/h) y = x R 2 = Anno Da : e digilander.libero.it 13/03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 2

3 Average speed of the 20 best marathoners in each ethnical groups in Kenyans Other Black Africans Arabians Europeans Far Easterners km 42 km Da : 13/03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 3

4 Ethnical distribution of the track long distance running performances in Kenyani Altri Africani Europei Arabici Orientali Da : 13/03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 4

5 Numerosity of the ethnical groups Statistica di popolazione Popolazione Kalenjin Africani Europei Arabi Orientali Da : Calendario Atlante De Agostini 2004 e 13/03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 5

6 Geographic distribution of the ethnical groups Tribù Kalenjin Elgeyo Keiyo Kipsigis Marakwet Nandi Pokot Sabaot Terik Tugen 13/03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 6

7 Geographic news Area Great Rift Valley, Western Kenya Settling down 2000 years ago, dal Sudan Origin From the Nilo river area Language Kalenjin group (Nandi, Kipsigis) religion ~45% Christian Economy Mauntain Agriculture Altitude between 2000 and 3500 m asl 13/03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 7

8 13/03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 8

9 13/03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 9

10 What do we know about the physiological determinants of running performances of Kalnjins? Almost nothing! 13/03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 10

11 Maximal oxygen uptake VO2max (ml/kg min) V O 2max (ml/min *kg) Machuka 84,8 Keino 82,0 Ronoh H. 84,3 Bedford 85,0 Prefontaine 84,4 70 Kenyani Scandinavi Form : Larsen, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 136: , /03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 11

12 Maximal oxygen uptake in Nandi adolescents VO2max (ml/kg min) VO2max relativo Nandi Scandinavi 0.90 Town Nandi Country Nandi From: Larsen, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 136: , /03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 12

13 Fraction of V O 2max exploited during marathon Very few data 13/03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 13

14 Energy cost of running-c r C (ml/kg km) Population (ACSM) 218 Elite Europeans e Nord Americans Energy cost of running (ml/min *kg) 210 Kenyans 187 ACSM: American College of Sport Medicine 160 Kenyani Scandinavi From : Larsen, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 136: , /03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 14

15 Aim of the study To understand the bioenergetics of the oustanding running performances of elite Kenyan marathoners. Energetic analysis of athletes performances v END = (F r V O 2max ) C r -1 13/03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 15

16 Subjects Subjet Age Height Body mass VO2rest FC rest Marathon vmar yy cm kg ml/min kg min -1 km/hr A ,5 4, :33 19,69 B ,5 6, :16 19,29 C ,5 4, :27 19,41 D ,5 5, :00 19,63 E ,5 4,6 54 F ,0 5,0 2.13:55 18,91 G ,5 5, :56 20,26 H ,5 8,1 2.06:41 19,98 I ,0 4, :05 19,17 J ,5 6,8 2.09:52 19,49 K ,5 4, :04 19,46 L ,5 4,4 2.08:54 19,64 M ,5 4, :45 19,66 Media 29, ,3 5,3 55,2 2.09:32 19,5 SD 3,3 9,3 4,66 1,11 4,60 2:22 0,36 13/03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 16

17 Protocol Velocità (km/hr) Tempo (min) 13/03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 17

18 13/03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 18

19 13/03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 19

20 Preliminary results Subject VO2max vmax La Fcmax R C F ml/min kg km/h mm 1/min ml/kg km A 68,5 18,9 6, , ,811 B 63,6 19,6 8, , ,809 C 64,4 21,2 7, , ,810 D 71,0 22,3 6, , ,811 E 60,4 20,0 10, , F 57,6 18,1 4, , ,806 G 51,0 18,1 5, , ,815 H 62,8 19,6 11, , ,813 I 65,6 21,0 6, , ,808 J 67,2 20,0 8, , ,810 K 55,1 19,7 6, , ,810 L 65,7 19,6 6, , ,811 M 61,1 20,4 8, , ,811 Media 62,6 19,9 7, , ,81 SD 5,56 1,17 1,8 6 0,08 13,2 0,002 13/03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 20

21 Maximal oxygen uptake 13/03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 21

22 Maximal oxygen uptake and altitude VO VO 2max (2000 m) 2max (0 m) = /03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 22

23 Maximal oxygen uptake and altitude Estimate of sea level VO2max Estimate of sea level SaO VO2max (ml/kg min) SaO Eldoret Sea level Eldoret Sea level /03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 23

24 Maximal oxygen uptake at sea level VO2max (ml/kg min) Larsen, 2003 Larsen, Questo studio 50 Kenyani Scandinavi Scandinavi 13/03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 24

25 Maximal oxygen uptake 13/03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 25

26 Fraction of the maximal oxygen uptake Stima Saltin f 0.76 Stima Saltin /03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 26

27 Fraction of the maximal oxygen uptake 1,00 0,95 0,90 * Stima Saltin Stima soglia 2 mm Stima da Vef,V'O2max,Cr f 0,85 0,80 0,75 0, /03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 27

28 Energy cost of runnig - C r C (ml/kg km) Larsen 2003 Questo studio Larsen 2003 Di Prampero Kenyani Scandinavi Europei 13/03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 28

29 Conlusions Elite kenyan marathoners Have not very high V O 2max Have an extremely high F Have a very low C r 13/03/14 Fisiologia dello Sport 29

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