Quiz name: Oceanography - Land and Sea Interaction - Quiz #2

Transcription

1 Name: Quiz name: Oceanography - Land and Sea Interaction - Quiz #2 ate: 1. What is the direction of spin for gyres in the northern hemisphere? clockwise counter clockwise northern oscillation southern oscillation 2. What is the direction of spin for gyres of the southern hemisphere? clockwise counter clockwise northern oscillation southern oscillation 3. Where do warm waters originate? In the tropics In the poles From deep upwellings From shallow upwellings 4. Where do cold waters originate? From tropical downwellings From the poles From deep water upwellings From shallow water upwellings 5. Which current circumnavigates the globe? Westwind rift Global onveyor elt Oceanic ircumpolar urrent East ustralian urrent 6. If you were to travel from South merica to ustralia via the oceanic currents, which three currents would you need to take? Peru, South Equatorial, East ustralian enguela, South Equatorial, razil gulhas, South Equatorial, West ustralian Falkland, Westwind rift, West ustralian 7. If you were to travel from west frica to New York via ocean currents, which currents would you need to take? Page 1 of 6

2 anary, North Equatorial, Gulf Stream, Labrador gulhas, Westwind drift, North Equatorial, North Pacific rift Equatorial ountercurrent, West ustralia, East ustralia, North Equatorial, Gulf Stream 8. What is the average NET MOVEMENT of Ekman Transport? 45 degrees to the right of wind direction in the Northern Hemisphere. 90 degree to the right of wind direction in the Northern Hemisphere. 45 degrees to the left of wind direction in the Southern Hemisphere. 90 to the right of surface current direction in the southern hemisphere. 9. Which currents push icebergs in a southward direction from the North Pole? East Greenland, West Greenland, Labrador Kuroshio, North Pacific rift, Kamchatka ntarctic ounter urrent, Westwind rift, Peru 10. Why do observers fail to see ocean currents? The size of the currents and the vastness of the water movement are beyond human ability to objectively experience. Humans don't study the ocean. urrents are moving too fast to be seen with human eyes. People are stupid. 11. Shallow, fast, wind driven...these are aspects of which type of current? Surface eep water 12. Higher salinity, cold, caused by changes in density...these are aspects of which type of current? surface deep water 13. low from east to west near the equator...this is a description of what global winds? trade winds westerlies doldrums intercontinental convergent winds 14. low from west to east in the middle latitudes...this is a description of which global wind patterns? trade winds westerlies doldrums jet stream 15. Where two current meet (converge), what is typically the result? One of the currents will sink because of density differences producing a down-welling. One of the currents is deflected to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere. Page 2 of 6

3 oth currents are diverged in opposite direction producing an upwelling. oth currents will intermingle, causing a diffuse pattern of circulation known as diffusive eddies. 16. efine salinity... salinity is the total amount of dissolved material in grams in one kilogram of seawater. salinity is the measured amount of dissolved salts in ocean water. salinity is the calculated amount of salt in grams in one cubic meter of seawater. salinity is the calculated amount of salt minus the variability factor for that particular ocean. 17. Salinity has units. True False 18. The average ocean salinity is 35ppt; what does this mean? That the salt water is 3.5% salt and 96.5% water by weight. The that salt water is 3.5% salt for every 100 ml. That the salt water is 35 grams of salt for every liter. That the salt water is more dense than fresh water. 19. What is the average density of ocean water? It ranges from 1.02 g/ml to 1.07 g/ml. It ranges from 1.2 to 1.7. ensity of ocean water averages 35ppt. The average density of ocean water cannot be measured cue to concentration differences and variations from ocean basin to ocean basin. 20. Typically, what factors are most responsible for changes in ocean water density? pressure, salinity, temperature pressure, precipitation, circulation salinity, circulation, wind stress temperature, evaporation rates, run off 21. Study the salinity map to the left. What are the highest salinity values listed for the southern pacific ocean? Study the salinity map to the left. Which ocean has higher salinity values; the tlantic or the Pacific? tlantic Pacific Page 3 of 6

4 23. What determines the ability of salt water to move vertically? density wind stress ocean floor topography tidal patterns 24. What conditions exist for water to be considered "unstable"? Surface water is becoming more dense and sinks to its own density. Surface water is becoming less dense and is rising to its own density. Surface water is becoming more saline and disrupts the natural pycnoclines. Surface water is becoming less saline and alters the natural haloclines. 25. What conditions exist for water to be considered "stable"? Surface waters are not mixing with deeper waters. Surface waters are mixing with deeper waters. Upwellings are bringing nutrients to the surface supplying needed food for plankton. Oxygen content is at or near saturation for sea water. 26. Sinking of surface water generally occurs where there is cold air to cool water at surface. Where is this most likely to occur? t the poles In the tropics t a divergence t a convergence 27. What two factors are most responsible for changes in salinity of sea water? evaporation and precipitation transpiration and photosyndication evaporation and condensation precipitation and mineralization 28. If salinity of sea water were 30 ppt, this would mean that in 1000g of sea water, 30g would be salt. How much salt would be in 500g of sea water at a salinity of 34 ppt? 34g 17g 30g 15g 29. If salinity of sea water were 30 ppt, this would mean that in 1000g of sea water, 30g would be salt. What would the salinity be if you began with 250g of sea water, and you allowed this water to evaporate, leaving the salt to crystallize; when you measured the amount of salt that crystallized, you found it to be 9g? (Remember, salinity is measured in ppt = parts per thousand) 36 ppt 24 ppt 30 ppt 32 ppt Page 4 of 6

5 30. ensity is measured as mass/volume and usually has the units of g/ml. If you added 10 grams of salt to 100mL of water, what would the density be? (on't forget to account for the mass of the water.) 0.1g/mL 1.0g/mL 1.1g/ml 11g/mL 31. If salt water has a density of 1.07 g/ml, would an object that had a density of 1.1 g/ml sink or float in the salt water? sink float 32. When the land near an ocean heats up during the day, the air over the land rises. This causes winds to be generated due to the differential heating rates of land and water. Will the winds that are generated blow inland, or out to sea? inland out to sea? 33. When the land near an ocean heats up during the day, the air over the land rises. This causes winds to be generated due to the differential heating rates of land and water. What type of wind is created by this scenario? land breeze sea breeze convection breeze trade wind 34. Study the image to the left. What scenario does this image exhibit? Land breeze Sea reeze Ocean convection cell Thermal upwelling 35. Which statement best describes how the Gulf Stream affects weather and climate along the east coast of the U.S.? The Gulf Stream carries warm water northward, so it keeps the temperature of the Northeast near the stream warmer than it would be otherwise. The Gulf Stream carries salt water northward, so it keeps the atmospheric pycnocline stabilized at a certain level which warms atmospheric temperatures. The Gulf Stream carries cool water northward, so it keeps the Northeast near the stream cooler than it would be otherwise. The Gulf Stream carries freshwater northward, which evaporates at a higher rate, causing increased precipitation in the Northeast. 36. What does ENSO stand for? El Nino Southern Oscillation El Nino Specific Observation El Nino Satellite Observatory Page 5 of 6

6 El Nino Southern Oceans 37. ENSO events are described as when seawater in the tropics of the Pacific is either unusually warm (El Nino) or unusually cold (La Nina). What is the major impact of these temperature variations? This leads to patterns of altered rainfall in the tropics and all over the globe, as oceanic currents carry the unusual temperatures to other regions. eep water circulation is temporarily halted due to thermohaline changes. Pacific cyclonic activity increases when temperatures vary, thus there is an overall effect of increased precipitation. Usually these events are preceded by a time of oceanic productivity and followed by a period of oceanic non-productivity. This drives sea food prices higher because of the fluctuations. The end result is increased global starvation. 38. Tropical cyclones in the tlantic Ocean are called "hurricanes." True False 39. What is the number one factor that cyclones need to form, grow in strength, and move across the ocean? warm water high wind speed smooth surface rotational friction resonance 40. Most tlantic Hurricanes begin as a group of thunderstorms off the coast of frica. What two currents would be most responsible for helping move the storms across the tlantic and towards the United States? North Equatorial and Gulf Stream North Equatorial and South Equtorial South Equatorial and Peru Gulf Stream and North tlantic rift Page 6 of 6