Airplanes. Kelli Hicks. rourkeeducationalmedia.com. Scan for Related Titles and Teacher Resources

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1 Kelli Hicks

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3 Airplanes Kelli Hicks rourkeeducationalmedia.com Scan for Related Titles and Teacher Resources

4 Before & After Reading Activities Level: G Word Count: 220 Words 100th word: under page 13 Teaching Focus: Concepts of Print- Have students find capital letters and punctuation in a sentence. Ask students to explain the purpose for using them in a sentence. Before Reading: Building Academic Vocabulary and Background Knowledge Before reading a book, it is important to set the stage for your child or student by using pre-reading strategies. This will help them develop their vocabulary, increase their reading comprehension, and make connections across the curriculum. 1. Read the title and look at the cover. Let s make predictions about what this book will be about. 2. Take a picture walk by talking about the pictures/photographs in the book. Implant the vocabulary as you take the picture walk. Be sure to talk about the text features such as headings, the Table of Contents, glossary, bolded words, captions, charts/diagrams, or index. 3. Have students read the first page of text with you then have students read the remaining text. 4. Strategy Talk use to assist students while reading. - Get your mouth ready - Look at the picture - Think does it make sense - Think does it look right - Think does it sound right - Chunk it by looking for a part you know 5. Read it again. 6. After reading the book complete the activities below. Content Area Vocabulary Use glossary words in a sentence. airfoil air pressure drag overcomes resistance thrust 2 After Reading: Comprehension and Extension Activity After reading the book, work on the following questions with your child or students in order to check their level of reading comprehension and content mastery. 1. What does thrust mean? (Summarize) 2. How have airplanes changed the way we travel? (Text to self connection) 3. How does the curved shape of a wing help the plane fly? (Asking questions) 4. What factors affect an airplane s ability to fly? (Summarize) Extension Activity Create a paper airplane! Using a sheet of paper, fold it to create an airplane. Throw your plane and record how far it flew. Now make adjustments on the plane and throw it again. Did it fly farther? How did it fly? Record your observations. Continue to make adjustments and record your observations until you create the best paper airplane!

5 Table of Contents Ready to Fly... 4 Air Force... 8 Fighting the Drag Photo Glossary Index Websites to Visit About the Author

6 Ready to Fly Fasten your seat belt and get ready to take off. 4

7 Airplanes make traveling long distances quick and easy. Each year 64 million planes take off in the United States. Can you imagine how many take off worldwide? 5

8 6 Today s airplanes are very large and heavy.

9 So how do they manage to get so high up in the air? 7

10 Air Force Four factors affect an airplane s ability to fly: weight, lift, thrust, and drag. Air flows over moving things such as cars and airplanes. Aerodynamics is the study of how that air moves. 8

11 air flow 9

12 Weight and drag work against an airplane. The weight of the airplane pulls the airplane down. 10

13 Air flows over the aircraft, which creates drag, or air resistance. lift thrust drag weight 11

14 Fighting the Drag The curved shape of an airplane wing is called airfoil. It creates lift that fights gravity. air flow lift wing lift air flow 12

15 Air flows over and under the wing. Its curved shape forces the air flowing over the wing to move faster. The air pressure is low. 13

16 Air flowing under the wing moves slower causing higher air pressure. This causes lift. As the speed of the airplane increases, it rises off the ground. air flow High Air Pressure Low Air Pressure wing lift air flow 14

17 Lift must be equal to or greater than the weight of the plane to keep it in the air. lift 15

18 drag Thrust is the opposite of drag. The force of a jet engine helps move the airplane forward. It overcomes the drag. 16

19 air in 17

20 Jet fuel heats the engine air. The hot air leaves the engine, with great force, or thrust. 18

21 Then the airplane moves forward, faster and faster. Soon it has lift off. 19

22 The pilot controls the airplane, steers it, and makes sure it heads to the correct destination. 20

23 Now, sit back, relax, and enjoy the flight! 21

24 Photo Glossary lift air flow lift airfoil (air-foil): The curved shape of an airplane wing, which helps keep it in the air. air pressure (air PRESH-ur): The force of air, which pushes down on something is called pressure. drag (drag): Something that prevents or slows forward motion creates drag. 22

25 overcomes (oh-vur-kuhmz): One overcomes a problem by defeating it or getting control of it. resistance (ri-zis-tuhns): Resistance is the ability to fight off or overcome something. thrust (thruhst): The forward force created by a jet engine is called thrust. 23

26 Index aerodynamics 8 air 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 15, 18 drag 8, 10, 11, 16 force(s) 13, 16, 18 lift 8, 12, 14, 19 pilot 20 pressure 13, 14 resistance 11 thrust 8, 16, 18 weight 8, 10, 15 Websites to Visit About the Author Kelli Hicks is a teacher and author who lives in Tampa, Florida with her husband, two kids, and golden retriever. When she isn t writing or coaching soccer, she dreams about flying in an airplane to see her brothers, sister, nieces and nephews up north. Meet The Author! Rourke Educational Media All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher. PHOTO CREDITS: Cover Peter Guess; title page, 15 strevens; page 4 Blend Images; page 5, 23 solarsteven; page 6, 23 Sergey Plakhotin; page 9, 23 36clicks; page 11, 22 omergenc; page 16 cherezoff; 18 tr3gin; page 19 F. Schmidt; page 20 andresrimaging; page 21 Image Source; Edited by: Jill Sherman Cover by: Nicola Stratford, nicolastratford.com Interior design by: Jen Thomas Library of Congress PCN Data Airplanes/ Kelli Hicks (How It Works) ISBN (hard cover)(alk. paper) ISBN (soft cover) ISBN (e-book) Library of Congress Control Number: Printed in the United States of America, North Mankato, Minnesota Also Available as: 24

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28 Can you imagine having to drive long distances in a car, train, or bus? Airplane travel changed all that, making travel much quicker, easier, and less stressful. This book addresses the four factors that make it possible for an airplane to fly: weight, lift, thrust, and drag. So, buckle up and enjoy your flight in this wonderful book about airplanes! This book will allow students to ask questions, make observations, and gather information about a situation people want to change to define a simple problem that can be solved through the development of a new or improved object or tool. Books In This Series Include: Binoculars Computer Mouse TV Remotes The Internet Speakers Bluetooth Microwave Ovens Escalators What Happens When You Flush? Airplanes rourkeeducationalmedia.com