Wind Loads on Low-Rise Building Models with Different Roof Configurations

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Wind Loads on Low-Rise Building Models with Different Roof Configurations"

Transcription

1 Wind Loads on Low-Rise Building Models with Different Roof Configurations Deepak Prasad, Tuputa Uliate, and M. Rafiuddin Ahmed School of Engineering and Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the South Pacific Suva, Fiji ahmed Wind tunnel testing of low-rise building models with flat, gabled and hip roof configurations was carried out in a boundary layer wind tunnel. All the models had the same mean height. For the gabled and the hip roofs, the pitch angles investigated were 15, 20, 30 and 45. Pressure measurements were performed on all the walls and the roof of the building models facing a turbulent wind of 7 m/s and the values of pressure coefficient were calculated. It was found that the suction over the roof is significantly influenced by the roof configuration. The 45 gabled and hip building models performed the best under the same wind conditions. The peak suction over the roof reduces by 85 and 91%, respectively, compared to that over the flat roof. In addition to this, the hip roof models recorded less suction compared to their gabled counterparts. For the hip roof, the peak suction reduced by 42 % compared to the gabled roof. * * * Introduction Majority of the houses that are constructed all over the world are low-rise buildings [1]. According to American Society of Civil Engineers (Standard for Minimum Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE 7-02), a low rise building is defined as a structure with a mean roof height less than the least horizontal dimension and less than 18.3 m [2]. Most of the buildings constructed in the pacific region are low-rise buildings. These buildings are constructed in different types of terrain and topography with various planforms. The lateral strength of buildings in areas other than the high seismic zones is mainly governed by wind loads and this aspect is more evident in zones of severe winds such as coastal regions, open terrains and summit of hills. It is very important to study the wind loads acting on these buildings. Wind loads on structure are due to buffeting (fluctu- Received ISSN c 2009 Begell House, Inc.

2 ating force produced by a fluctuating wind speed), turbulence generated between the structure and the incoming wind flow and also by strong winds. Measurements of the static pressure on low-rise building models in boundary layer wind tunnels provide vital information that can be used to design houses which are safer and more resistant to adverse weather conditions such as cyclones and hurricanes. 1. Background Wind tunnel testing of generic low-rise building models dates backs to the end of the nineteenth century. Jensen and Frank [3] in the 1960s established the boundary layer wind tunnel as a tool to conduct experiments that provided information on wind loads and helped to set up building codes. Following Jensen and Frank [3], a number of investigators such as Stathopoulos and Mohammadian [4], Krishna [5], Holmes [6] and Meecham et al. [7] studied the wind loads, provided results and presented reviews for low-rise buildings. Stathopoulos and Mohammadian [4] measured the local and area averaged pressures on buildings with mono-sloped roofs in a simulated atmospheric boundary layer and discussed the effects of the height, the width and the roof pitch on the magnitude of pressures. They found that both the mean and the peak pressures were higher than those for buildings with gabled roofs, in particular, at the roof corners. Krishna [5] in a review paper compared mean pressure coefficients on a gabled roof building with a roof pitch of 30. It was observed that the results differ from country to country. This variation is attributed to differences in the method of data acquisition, technological capabilities and the accuracy of the experiments. Holmes [6] conducted a detailed study of wind pressure on tropical houses in which he investigated the effects of the elevation of houses above the ground and the roof pitch. Results showed that for the same roof pitch, high set (elevated) houses performed worse than the low sets ones. On the windward side of the roof, 15 pitch recorded all negative pressure coefficients while 20 had near zero and 30 almost zero. In addition, the magnitude of the pressure coefficient on downwind half of the roof was more for 15 and almost the same for 20 and 30. The reason for this was that the flow did not reattach after the second separation at the ridge. The performances of gabled roof and hip roof building models were investigated by Meecham et al. [7]. They reported the dominance of hip roof over gabled roof. For hip roof, peak pressure was found to reduce by about 50 % compared to that of gabled roof. Holmes et al. [8] used statistical data on a 5 roof pitch low-rise industrial building to optimize the design. Blackmore [9] experimentally investigated the effects of chamfered roof edges on the pressures on flat roofs. A 30 chamfered edge reduced the area-averaged loads on the corner by 70 % and gave an overall load reduction of 30 %. The significant load reduction on the corner panel was due to narrower separation bubble and as a result a much narrower highly loaded edge region, resulting from the suppression of vortices generated at the windward corner. Hoxey [10] and Robertson [11] investigated the effect of curved eaves on wind pressure over the Silsoe structures building. There was a significant drop in the suction over the lower third of the windward side of the roof. The curved eaves prevented the flow from separating at the windward edge of the roof. However, the ridge region showed higher suction. Gerhardt et al. [12] studied the influence of relative building height (eave height/base width) on the pressure distribution over flat roof. It was observed that the roof pressure distribution is strongly affected by the relative building height for buildings with height to width ratio greater than or equal to 0.1. A high suction was recorded at the windward edge as well as windward corner, which increased with increasing relative building height. Leutheusser [13] investigated the effect of wall parapets on roof pressure coefficient. Kind [14] and Baskaran and Stathopoulos [15] also investigated the effects of parapet on roof pressures. 232

3 Tamura et al. [16] investigated the wind pressure distribution causing maximum quasi-static wind loads at the base of low-rise building models with a square and a rectangular plan. Ahmad and Kumar [17] tested the Texas Tech University (TTU) building at a geometric scale of 1 : 50. Their results were generally in agreement with the prototype. In addition to this the authors carried out a detailed study on hip roof building models with roof pitch of 30 and different overhang ratios. The effect of height aspect ratio on wind pressure distribution was similar to the findings of Gerhardt et al. [12] and Holmes [6]. The worse loaded regions were the windward edges, corners and the hip ridge near this corner. Endo et al. [18] also tested the TTU building at a geometric scale of 1 : 50. They paid attention to the external point pressures at the mid-plane and roof corner pressures for a wider range of the wind azimuth than previously reported. For the mid-plane locations, a good agreement between the model and full-scale pressures was observed and was attributed to a close matching of the laboratory and field flows. Ho et al. [19] reported that the steeper roof slope leads to a significant drop in suction. Their results indicated similar aerodynamic behaviour for roof slopes less than 10 but significant changes were recorded for roof slopes between 10 and 20. Kasperski [20] provided information on design wind loads on a portal frame for low-rise buildings taking into account the directional effects. He provided information on mean pressure coefficient for a point on the edge on the center bay and reported strong dependence of it on wind azimuth angle. Cope et al. [21] explored the effects of the spatial and probabilistic characteristics of pressure fields on the net uplift acting on the roof panels of low-rise gabled roof building. The authors provided information on correlation coefficient, the average magnitude of the loads and mean pressure coefficients. The mean pressure coefficient on the windward roof portion was higher for lower pitched roof models. Ginger and Letchford [22] conducted experiments on low-rise gabled roof buildings and made similar observations. Wagaman et al. [23], Gao and Chow [24], and Richards and Hoxey [25] provided information on the flow over cubes. In these papers, they investigated flow separation and the formation of separation bubbles. Thus, it can be seen that a lot of work has been done on the aerodynamics of low-rise buildings. However, there is a wide scatter in the results and there are many questions remaining unanswered. Recently, significant improvements in experimental techniques have been made. With the help of better instrumentation, accurate measurements can be performed that can certainly enhance our understanding of the flow structure and help us design buildings with better configurations that can withstand strong winds. The present paper specifically looks at houses of common geometry that are built in the Pacific and provides aerodynamic information. 2. Experimental Setup and Procedure 2.1. Wind tunnel. The building models were tested in a boundary layer wind tunnel in the Thermo-fluids laboratory of the University of the South Pacific. The test section has a length of 0.5 m, a width of 0.42 m and a height of 4 m and is located 2 m downstream of a centrifugal blower which generates the flow. All the experiments were performed at a flow velocity of U = 7 m/s. For testing of buildings, the correct simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer is required. The wind characteristics are generally expressed in the form of suitable mean velocity and turbulence intensity profiles. Together, these represent the correct variation of wind speed with height, of the gustiness of wind with height and the size of wind gusts in relation to the building or the building model. 233

4 Fig. 1. Normalized mean velocity in the test section. The velocity profile in the wind tunnel at the middle of the test section is shown in Fig. 1. Because of the turbulent nature of the boundary layer, the pressure readings were fluctuating, which resulted in a little scatter in the velocity distribution in the boundary layer. The correlation between the axial component of velocity u and the height y at this location is found to be: u/u = 1.53y 1/7. (1) 2.2. House models. The building models were fabricated with 4 mm thick Perspex. In all, nine models were constructed: a flat roof model, gabled and hip roof models with roof pitch angles of 15, 20, 30, and 45. Perspex pieces were cut and then milled to ensure smooth edges and accurate dimensions. The length, width and mean height, H, of all the models are 75, 50 and 45 mm respectively. Fig. 2a shows the gabled roof model configuration, Fig. 2b stands for hip roof, and Fig. 2c presents the flat roof building model. The locations of the pressure taps are shown on the walls and roofs of the models. Due to the small size of the models, pressure taps could not be provided right at the ridge and at the corners. The size was kept small to ensure that the entire model was fully submerged in the boundary layer and to keep the blockage ratio small. The blockage ratio for the models in the wind tunnel ranged from 2.57 to 3.68 %. Metal sleeves of 10 mm length, 1 mm internal diameter and 1.5 mm external diameter were inserted into the holes drilled in the Perspex. Vinyl tubes each having an inner diameter of 1.5 mm and a length of 1 m were fixed on these sleeves Experimental procedure. The building model was placed at the middle of the test section with its base flush with the lower wall of the test section and the ridge of the model normal to the flow direction. Each pressure tap on the building model was connected to a Furness Controls channel box, model FCS421, with the help of a 1 m long vinyl tube. The channel box allowed simultaneous monitoring of 20 pressure tap readings. The channel box was in turn connected to a Furness Controls digital micromanometer, model FCO510 having a range of ±200 mm of water. The measured values of static pressure were converted to non-dimensional pressure coefficient, C p, which is defined as C p = P P 0.5ρU 2, (2) where P is the pressure at a given location, P is the free-stream static pressure, U the free-stream 234

5 Fig. 2. Building models and the locations of pressure taps. F ß C E D WIND F J E WIND A G B (a) (b) Fig. 3. Orientation of building model in the test section (a) gabled (b) hip. velocity and ρ the air density. The point pressure measurements were processed with the help of a contour plotting software to obtain surface contour plots on an entire surface of the building. Fig. 3 shows the orientation of the gabled and hip roof building models with respect to the direction of wind. In Fig. 3a, A is the windward wall, B and D are the side walls, C the leeward wall, E is the windward half of the roof and F the leeward half, β is the roof pitch angle. Fig. 3b shows the additional roof faces G and J for the hip roof model; all other sides are the same as for the gabled roof building model. 235

6 The accuracy of estimation of C p was estimated by calculating dc p from the expression for C p, Eq. (2). Thus, the values of C p in the present studies were estimated with an accuracy of 1.72 %. The repeatability of pressure measurements was within ±1.9 % for a given model as well as for different models. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1. Pressure distributions. As described earlier, the pressure readings were normalized to obtain C p values. Iso-pressure contours on the walls and the roof were plotted with these values of C p. The coordinates x and y here are the horizontal and vertical distances from the lower left edge while looking at that particular surface from its front (all the walls) and from the top (roof). Both x and y are normalized by the mean eave height of the building, H. The pressure pattern observed on the front wall for nearly all the models was similar; the iso-pressure contours for the flat roof model are shown is Fig. 4. It can be seen that the pressure is very high on the front wall and the C p values are above 0.9 at nearly all the points. Fig. 5 shows the iso-pressure contours on the side wall of the 30 gabled roof building model. It was observed that the pressures on the side walls were insensitive to the roof pitch. The pressure distributions on the side walls for all the models were similar and the C p values varied only a little. Significant differences were observed in the suction on the back wall for different models. It was found that the suction over the back wall eases with increasing roof pitch. The strongest suction was recorded (not shown) for the flat roof building model with a mean C p of Fig. 6 shows the iso-pressure contours on the back wall of the 30 gabled roof building model. The value of mean C p reduced to 0.51 for this case. There was some asymmetry observed in the pressure distributions on the back walls, due to the interaction of the separated flows from the side walls and the roof, vortex shedding and intense three-dimensional mixing in the near-wake region. Iso-pressure contours over the roof of the flat roof and the 30 gabled roof building models for the windward side and the leeward side are shown in Figs. 7 to 9 respectively. The suction over the flat roof was found to be very high due to the flow separation taking place at the corner. A significant reduction in roof suction on the 30 gabled roof building model compared to the flat roof model can be seen in Figs. 8 and 9. The region and the extent of flow separation are expected to reduce for this case resulting in a reduced suction. Higher C p values are recorded near the leading edge as well as near the windward corners. Gerhardt and Kramer [12] also made similar observations. In Figs. 8 and 10 the contours are shown on the windward roof side starting from the leading edge to the ridge and in Fig. 9, it is shown from the ridge to the rear end. It is observed that for 30 model, the suction decreases from the leading edge to the ridge on the windward side as the separated flow tends to reattach, but on the other side of the ridge it continues to increase along the entire leeward roof side. The increase in suction behind the ridge is due to the second flow separation at the ridge. Fig. 10 shows the iso-pressure contours on the windward side of the roof for the 45 gabled roof building model. It is interesting to see that the suction has disappeared for this case and there is a positive pressure over the entire windward side of the roof. The pressure is observed to decrease towards the ridge due to the convergence of the streamlines as a result of a reduction in the flow area Mean pressure coefficient for the gabled roof models. The average values of C p were estimated on all the faces of the gabled roof building models. These values are listed in Table 1. For the 30 gabled roof building model, comparison is made with the average values available in the literature [5]. The values with an asterisk ( ) correspond to the codes practiced in New Zealand 236

7 Fig. 4. Iso-pressure contours on the front wall of flat roof building model Fig. 5. Iso-pressure contours on the side wall of the 30 gabled roof building model. 237

8 Fig. 6. Iso-pressure contours on the back wall of the 30 gabled roof building model Wind Fig. 7. Iso-pressure contours on the roof of the flat roof building model. 238

9 Wind Fig. 8. Iso-pressure contours on the windward portion of the roof for the 30 gabled roof building model Wind Fig. 9. Iso-pressure contours on the leeward portion of the roof for the 30 gabled roof building model. 239

10 Wind Fig. 10. Iso-pressure contours over the windward roof portion of the 45 gabled roof model. and the values with two asterisks ( ) correspond to the codes practices in UK [5]. The suction over the roof was found to be high for the flat roof building model, but decreased with increasing roof pitch, as discussed earlier. Similar observations were made by Uematsu and Isyumov [1] and Holmes [6] who reported reducing suction on the roof with increasing pitch. The wall facing the flow, A, recorded high positive pressures and the magnitude of C p increased slightly with roof pitch. The side walls B and D generally recorded very little changes in the pressure coefficient. The windward edges of the side wall recorded slightly higher negative pressure coefficients due to the flow separation at the edge. The back wall, C, for all the models recorded less suction than the side walls and the magnitude of pressure coefficient decreased significantly with increasing roof pitch. However, pressure recorded over the back wall was fairly constant in each case due to the fact Table 1. Mean pressure coefficients for the flat and gabled roof building models Model Mean pressure coefficient (C p ) A B C D E F Flat roof gabled gabled gabled

11 Pressure coefficient, -Cp Gable (Windward) Gable (Leeward) Hipped (Windward) Hipped (Leeward) Flat Roof Roof pitch, Fig. 11. Variation of the minimum pressure coefficient over the roof. that the flow is fully separated. The back wall is in the near wake, which is known to be a region of low velocity and high turbulence. If the roof is steep enough to protrude into the flow boundary formed by the windward wall, the streamlined flow is pushed up even further, resulting in positive pressures over the windward roof portion. Mean pressure coefficient on the roof is profoundly influenced by the roof pitch and this is evident from columns E and F in Table 1. It was observed that suction over the leeward roof side was more than that over the windward roof for all the gabled roof building models. Holmes [6] and Ho et al. [19] made similar observations of a significant increase in the suction behind the ridge. However, Ho et al. [19] recorded higher suction near the ridge compared to the rear end. The windward roof portion recorded suction for flat roof, 15, 20 and 30 models and the magnitude of suction reduced significantly with increasing roof pitch. On the other hand, 45 models recorded positive pressure over the windward roof portion. Suction was recorded on the leeward roof potion for all the gabled roof building models. Higher values of negative pressure coefficient were recorded in the vicinity of the leading edge of the flat roof. This is due to flow separation at the leading edge which causes high suction in this region. Gerhardt and Kramer [12] also recorded high suction near the corners and the leading edge. Numerical simulation by Gao et al. [24] showed flow separation at the leading edge of the cube which in the context of the present work can be treated as a flat roof. Ho et al. [19] observed similar trend on gabled roof. They found flow separation at the leading edge and a second separation for some models at the ridge. Flow was found to separate at the ridge for roof pitch angles greater than Minimum pressure coefficient over the roof. The variation of the minimum pressure coefficient over the roof of different building models with the roof pitch angle is shown in Fig. 11. It is clear that the flat roof recorded the worst suction with a minimum C p value of

12 Looking at the windward and the leeward portions of the roof, the peak suction over the leeward side is higher compared to that over the windward side with the difference between the two increasing with an increase in the roof pitch. It is clear from this figure that the worst suction reduces continuously when the roof pitch is increased. Similar trends are observed on the windward side for both the gabled and hip roof building models. Interesting observations are made for the 45 pitch building models. The minimum C p value is positive for both the gabled and the hip roof models. It is also interesting to note that there is a slight increase in the suction on the leeward side for the gabled roof compared to the 30 case. Moreover, it is observed that the suction on the leeward portion of the roof is lower for hip roof models than their gabled counterparts. In general, the hip roof models performed better than their gabled counterparts under the same wind conditions. There is a 42 % reduction in the peak suction over the hip roof models compared to their gabled counterparts. Meecham et al. [7] also reported the dominance of hip roof over gabled roof. For the 45 gabled and hip models, the peak suction over the roof reduced by 85 and 91 % respectively compared to that over the flat roof. Conclusions Wind load information for nine different models is presented in this paper. Non-dimensional pressure coefficient, C p, was experimentally obtained and used to identify the best roof configuration amongst the nine models. The suction was found to be worst for the flat roof. The 45 gabled and hip roof building models performed the best under the same wind conditions, with the peak suction over the roof reducing by 85 and 91 % respectively compared to that over the flat roof. Furthermore, the hip roof models performed better than the gabled models and a 42 % reduction in the peak suction over the hip roof models was recorded compared to their gabled counterparts. Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank Mr. Maurice Nonipitu, Mr. Sanjay Singh and Mr. Shiu Dayal for their contribution during the fabrication work of building models used in the experiments. REFERENCES 1. Uematsu, Y. and Isyumov, N., Wind Pressures Acting on Low-Rise Buildings A Review, J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn., 1999, 82, No. 1-3, pp American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Standard, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE 7-02, New York, USA, Jensen, M. and Frank, N., Model Scale Tests in Turbulent Wind, Danish Technical Press, Copenhagen, Stathopoulos, T. and Mohammadian, A. R., Wind Loads on Low-Rise Buildings with Mono- Sloped Roofs, J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn., 1986, 23, No. 1, pp Krishna, P., Wind Loads on Low-Rise Buildings A Review, J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn., 1995, 54-55, No. 1, pp Holmes, J. D., Wind Pressures on Tropical Building Low-Rise Building, J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn., 1986, 53, No. 1-2, pp

13 7. Meecham, D., Surry, D., and Davenport, A. G., The Magnitude and Distribution of Wind- Induced Pressures on Hip and Gabled Roofs, J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn., 1991, 38, No. 2-3, pp Holmes, J. D., Syme, M. J., and Kasperski, M., Optimized Design of a Low-Rise Industrial Building for Wind Loads, J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn., 1995, 57, No. 2-3, pp Blackmore, P. A., Load Reduction on Flat Roofs The Effect of Edge Profile, J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn., 1988, 29, No. 1-3, pp Hoxey, R. P., Structural Response of a Portal Framed Building under Wind Load, J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn., 1991, 38, No. 2-3, pp Robertson, A. P., Effect of Eaves Detail on Wind Pressures Over an Industrial Building, J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn., 1991, 38, No. 2-3, pp Gerhardt, H. J. and Kramer, C., Effect of Building Geometry on Roof Wind Loading, J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn., 1992, 43, No. 1-3, pp Leutheusser, H. J., The Effects of Wall Parapets on the Roof Pressure Coefficient of Block-Type and Cylindrical Structures, Univ. Toronto, Dept. Mech. Eng., 1964, TP Kind, R. J., Worst Suctions Near Edges of Flat Rooftops with Parapets, J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn., 1988, 31, No. 2-3, pp Baskaran, A. and Stathopoulos, T., Roof Corner Wind Loads and Parapet Configurations, J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn., 1988, 29, No. 1-3, pp Tamura, Y., Kikuchi, H., and Hibi, K., Extreme Wind Pressure Distributions on Low-Rise Building Models, J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn., 2001, 89, No , pp Ahmad, S. and Kumar, K., Effect of Geometry on Wind Pressures on Low-Rise Hip Roof Buildings, J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn., 2002, 90, No. 7, pp Endo, M., Bienkiewicz, B., and Ham, H. J., Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Point Pressure on TTU Test Building, J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn., 2006, 94, No. 7, pp Ho, T. C. E., Surry, D., Moorish, D., and Kopp, G. A., The UWO Contribution to the NIST Aerodynamic Database for Wind Loads on Low Buildings: Part 1. Archiving Format and Basic Aerodynamic Data, J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn., 2005, 93, No. 1, pp Kasperski, M., Design Wind Loads for a Low-Rise Building Taking into Account Directional Effects, J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn., 2007, 95, No. 9-11, pp Cope, A. D., Gurley, K. R., Gioffre, M., and Reinhold, T. A., Low-Rise Gable Roof Wind Loads: Characterization and Stochastic Simulation, J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn., 2005, 93, No. 9, pp Ginger, J. D. and Letchford, C. W., Net Pressures on a Low-Rise Full-Scale Building, J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn., 1999, 83, No. 1-3, pp Wagaman, S. A., Rainwater, K. A., Mehta, K. C., and Ramsey, R. H., Full-Scale Flow Visualization Over a Low-Rise Building, J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn., 2002, 90, No. 1, pp Gao, Y. and Chow, W. K., Numerical Studies on Air Flow Around a Cube, J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn., 2005, 93, No. 2, pp Richards, P. J. and Hoxey, R. P., Flow Reattachment on the Roof of a 6 m Cube, J. Wind Eng. Industr. Aerodyn., 2006, 94, No. 2, pp

Wind Directional Effect on a Single Storey House Using Educational Wind Tunnel

Wind Directional Effect on a Single Storey House Using Educational Wind Tunnel Wind Directional Effect on a Single Storey House Using Educational Wind Tunnel S S Zaini 1, N Rossli 1, T A Majid 1, S N C Deraman 1 and N A Razak 2 1 Disaster Research Nexus, School of Civil Engineering,

More information

Pressure coefficient on flat roofs of rectangular buildings

Pressure coefficient on flat roofs of rectangular buildings Pressure coefficient on flat roofs of rectangular buildings T. Lipecki 1 1 Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, Poland. t.lipecki@pollub.pl Abstract The paper

More information

Effects of wind incidence angle on wind pressure distribution on square plan tall buildings

Effects of wind incidence angle on wind pressure distribution on square plan tall buildings J. Acad. Indus. Res. Vol. 1(12) May 2013 747 RESEARCH ARTICLE ISSN: 2278-5213 Effects of wind incidence angle on wind pressure distribution on square plan tall buildings S.K. Verma 1, A.K. Ahuja 2* and

More information

Field Measurement for Aerodynamic Mitigation of Wind Pressure on Gable-roofed Low-rise Building

Field Measurement for Aerodynamic Mitigation of Wind Pressure on Gable-roofed Low-rise Building The Eighth Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, December 10 14, 2013, Chennai, India Field Measurement for Aerodynamic Mitigation of Wind Pressure on Gable-roofed Low-rise Building Peng Huang 1,

More information

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF WIND PRESSURES ON IRREGULAR- PLAN SHAPE BUILDINGS

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF WIND PRESSURES ON IRREGULAR- PLAN SHAPE BUILDINGS BBAA VI International Colloquium on: Bluff Bodies Aerodynamics & Applications Milano, Italy, July, 2-24 8 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF WIND PRESSURES ON IRREGULAR- PLAN SHAPE BUILDINGS J. A. Amin and A. K. Ahuja

More information

External Pressure Coefficients on Saw-tooth and Mono-sloped Roofs

External Pressure Coefficients on Saw-tooth and Mono-sloped Roofs External Pressure Coefficients on Saw-tooth and Mono-sloped Roofs Authors: Bo Cui, Ph.D. Candidate, Clemson University, 109 Lowry Hall, Clemson, SC 9634-0911, boc@clemson.edu David O. Prevatt, Assistant

More information

EFFECTS OF SIDEWALL OPENINGS ON THE WIND LOADS ON PIPE-FRAMED GREENHOUSES

EFFECTS OF SIDEWALL OPENINGS ON THE WIND LOADS ON PIPE-FRAMED GREENHOUSES The Seventh Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, November 8-12, 29, Taipei, Taiwan EFFECTS OF SIDEWALL OPENINGS ON THE WIND LOADS ON PIPE-FRAMED GREENHOUSES Yasushi Uematsu 1, Koichi Nakahara 2,

More information

Wind Pressure Distribution on Rectangular Plan Buildings with Multiple Domes

Wind Pressure Distribution on Rectangular Plan Buildings with Multiple Domes Wind Pressure Distribution on Rectangular Plan Buildings with Multiple Domes Astha Verma, Ashok K. Ahuja Abstract Present paper describes detailed information of the experimental study carried out on the

More information

Influence of rounding corners on unsteady flow and heat transfer around a square cylinder

Influence of rounding corners on unsteady flow and heat transfer around a square cylinder Influence of rounding corners on unsteady flow and heat transfer around a square cylinder S. K. Singh Deptt. of Mech. Engg., M. B. M. Engg. College / J. N. V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India Abstract

More information

Numerical Analysis of Wind loads on Tapered Shape Tall Buildings

Numerical Analysis of Wind loads on Tapered Shape Tall Buildings IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering Volume 1 Issue 11 May 2015 ISSN (online): 2349-784X Numerical Analysis of Wind loads on Tapered Shape Tall Buildings Ashwin G Hansora Assistant

More information

WIND EFFECTS ON MONOSLOPED AND SAWTOOTH ROOFS

WIND EFFECTS ON MONOSLOPED AND SAWTOOTH ROOFS Clemson University TigerPrints All Dissertations Dissertations 8007 WIND EFFECTS ON MONOSLOPED AND SAWTOOTH ROOFS Bo Cui Clemson University, boc@clemson.edu Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations

More information

Wind Flow Validation Summary

Wind Flow Validation Summary IBHS Research Center Validation of Wind Capabilities The Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety (IBHS) Research Center full-scale test facility provides opportunities to simulate natural wind conditions

More information

2013 Wall of Wind (WoW) Contest Informational Workshop

2013 Wall of Wind (WoW) Contest Informational Workshop 2013 Wall of Wind (WoW) Contest Informational Workshop Presented By: Ioannis Zisis February 22, 2013 With Contributions By: Dr. Girma Bitsuamlak, Roy Liu, Walter Conklin, Dr. Arindam Chowdhury, Jimmy Erwin,

More information

MEASUREMENTS ON THE SURFACE WIND PRESSURE CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO SQUARE BUILDINGS UNDER DIFFERENT WIND ATTACK ANGLES AND BUILDING GAPS

MEASUREMENTS ON THE SURFACE WIND PRESSURE CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO SQUARE BUILDINGS UNDER DIFFERENT WIND ATTACK ANGLES AND BUILDING GAPS BBAA VI International Colloquium on: Bluff Bodies Aerodynamics & Applications Milano, Italy, July, 2-24 28 MEASUREMENTS ON THE SURFACE WIND PRESSURE CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO SQUARE BUILDINGS UNDER DIFFERENT

More information

WIND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS AROUND ROOFTOP SOLAR ARRAY - A NUMERICAL STUDY

WIND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS AROUND ROOFTOP SOLAR ARRAY - A NUMERICAL STUDY The Eighth Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, December 10 14, 2013, Chennai, India WIND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS AROUND ROOFTOP SOLAR ARRAY - A NUMERICAL STUDY D.Ghosh 1, A. K. Mittal 2, S. Behera

More information

WIND-INDUCED LOADS OVER DOUBLE CANTILEVER BRIDGES UNDER CONSTRUCTION

WIND-INDUCED LOADS OVER DOUBLE CANTILEVER BRIDGES UNDER CONSTRUCTION WIND-INDUCED LOADS OVER DOUBLE CANTILEVER BRIDGES UNDER CONSTRUCTION S. Pindado, J. Meseguer, J. M. Perales, A. Sanz-Andres and A. Martinez Key words: Wind loads, bridge construction, yawing moment. Abstract.

More information

PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION OF SMALL WIND TURBINE BLADE WITH WINGLETS ON ROTATING CONDITION USING WIND TUNNEL

PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION OF SMALL WIND TURBINE BLADE WITH WINGLETS ON ROTATING CONDITION USING WIND TUNNEL International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD ) ISSN 2249-6890 Vol.2, Issue 2 June 2012 1-10 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd., PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION OF SMALL WIND TURBINE

More information

RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE June 1 4, 2016

RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE June 1 4, 2016 RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE June 4, 26 EFFECT OF WIND SPEED AND TERRAIN EXPOSURE ON THE WIND PRESSURES FOR ELEVATED STEEL CONICAL TANKS Ahmed Musa Ph.D Candidate, Western University, Canada Haitham Aboshosha

More information

UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG LIBRARY. Hong Kong Collection

UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG LIBRARY. Hong Kong Collection UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG LIBRARY Hong Kong Collection CODE OF PRACTICE ON WIND EFFECTS HONG KONG-1983 BUILDING DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT HONG KONG PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY THE GOVERNMENT PRINTER, HONG KONG

More information

Wind Loading Code for Building Design in Thailand

Wind Loading Code for Building Design in Thailand Wind Loading Code for Building Design in Thailand Virote Boonyapinyo a, Panitan Lukkunaprasit b Pennung Warnitchai c and Phoonsak Pheinsusom d a Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Thammasat

More information

PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS ACTING ON A TAPERED TALL BUILDING

PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS ACTING ON A TAPERED TALL BUILDING The Seventh Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, November 8-12, 29, Taipei, Taiwan PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS ACTING ON A TAPERED TALL BUILDING Young-Moon Kim 1, Ki-Pyo You 1, Jang-Youl You 2 and Chang-Hyun

More information

Critical Gust Pressures on Tall Building Frames-Review of Codal Provisions

Critical Gust Pressures on Tall Building Frames-Review of Codal Provisions Dr. B.Dean Kumar Dept. of Civil Engineering JNTUH College of Engineering Hyderabad, INDIA bdeankumar@gmail.com Dr. B.L.P Swami Dept. of Civil Engineering Vasavi College of Engineering Hyderabad, INDIA

More information

Wind tunnel tests of a non-typical stadium roof

Wind tunnel tests of a non-typical stadium roof Wind tunnel tests of a non-typical stadium roof G. Bosak 1, A. Flaga 1, R. Kłaput 1 and Ł. Flaga 1 1 Wind Engineering Laboratory, Cracow University of Technology, 31-864 Cracow, Poland. liwpk@windlab.pl

More information

Effects of directionality on wind load and response predictions

Effects of directionality on wind load and response predictions Effects of directionality on wind load and response predictions Seifu A. Bekele 1), John D. Holmes 2) 1) Global Wind Technology Services, 205B, 434 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia, seifu@gwts.com.au

More information

THE BRIDGE COLLAPSED IN NOVEMBER 1940 AFTER 4 MONTHS OF ITS OPENING TO TRAFFIC!

THE BRIDGE COLLAPSED IN NOVEMBER 1940 AFTER 4 MONTHS OF ITS OPENING TO TRAFFIC! OUTLINE TACOMA NARROWS BRIDGE FLOW REGIME PAST A CYLINDER VORTEX SHEDDING MODES OF VORTEX SHEDDING PARALLEL & OBLIQUE FLOW PAST A SPHERE AND A CUBE SUMMARY TACOMA NARROWS BRIDGE, USA THE BRIDGE COLLAPSED

More information

A Study on the Distribution of the Peak Wind Pressure Coefficient for the Wind Resistant Design of Rooftop Hoardings in High-rise Buildings

A Study on the Distribution of the Peak Wind Pressure Coefficient for the Wind Resistant Design of Rooftop Hoardings in High-rise Buildings International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology. ISSN 0974-3154 Volume 11, Number 10 (2018), pp. 1583-1594 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com A Study on the Distribution

More information

Influence of an upstream building on the wind-induced mean suction on the flat roof of a low-rise building

Influence of an upstream building on the wind-induced mean suction on the flat roof of a low-rise building Influence of an upstream building on the wind-induced mean suction on the flat roof of a low-rise building Santiago Pindado, Jose Meseguer, Sebastian Franchini* ABSTRACT The effect of an upstream building

More information

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF FLOW OVER SYMMETRICAL AEROFOIL Mayank Pawar 1, Zankhan Sonara 2 1,2

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF FLOW OVER SYMMETRICAL AEROFOIL Mayank Pawar 1, Zankhan Sonara 2 1,2 EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF FLOW OVER SYMMETRICAL AEROFOIL Mayank Pawar 1, Zankhan Sonara 2 1,2 Assistant Professor,Chandubhai S. Patel Institute of Technology, CHARUSAT, Changa, Gujarat, India Abstract The

More information

Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 6 (3) (2013) Research Article

Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 6 (3) (2013) Research Article Jestr Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 6 (3) (013) 105-110 Research Article JOURNAL OF Engineering Science and Technology Review www.jestr.org Lift and Drag on Cylinder of Octagonal

More information

Results and Discussion for Steady Measurements

Results and Discussion for Steady Measurements Chapter 5 Results and Discussion for Steady Measurements 5.1 Steady Skin-Friction Measurements 5.1.1 Data Acquisition and Reduction A Labview software program was developed for the acquisition of the steady

More information

Experimental Investigation Of Flow Past A Rough Surfaced Cylinder

Experimental Investigation Of Flow Past A Rough Surfaced Cylinder (AET- 29th March 214) RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Experimental Investigation Of Flow Past A Rough Surfaced Cylinder Monalisa Mallick 1, A. Kumar 2 1 (Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute

More information

ASCE D Wind Loading

ASCE D Wind Loading ASCE 7-10 3D Wind Loading 1 All information in this document is subject to modification without prior notice. No part or this manual may be reproduced, stored in a database or retrieval system or published,

More information

Effects of seam and surface texture on tennis balls aerodynamics

Effects of seam and surface texture on tennis balls aerodynamics Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 34 (2012 ) 140 145 9 th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association (ISEA) Effects of seam and surface texture on tennis

More information

COMPUTATIONAL FLOW MODEL OF WESTFALL'S LEADING TAB FLOW CONDITIONER AGM-09-R-08 Rev. B. By Kimbal A. Hall, PE

COMPUTATIONAL FLOW MODEL OF WESTFALL'S LEADING TAB FLOW CONDITIONER AGM-09-R-08 Rev. B. By Kimbal A. Hall, PE COMPUTATIONAL FLOW MODEL OF WESTFALL'S LEADING TAB FLOW CONDITIONER AGM-09-R-08 Rev. B By Kimbal A. Hall, PE Submitted to: WESTFALL MANUFACTURING COMPANY September 2009 ALDEN RESEARCH LABORATORY, INC.

More information

Surrounding buildings and wind pressure distribution on a high rise building

Surrounding buildings and wind pressure distribution on a high rise building Surrounding buildings and wind pressure distribution on a high rise building Conference or Workshop Item Accepted Version Luo, Z. (2008) Surrounding buildings and wind pressure distribution on a high rise

More information

FLUID FORCE ACTING ON A CYLINDRICAL PIER STANDING IN A SCOUR

FLUID FORCE ACTING ON A CYLINDRICAL PIER STANDING IN A SCOUR BBAA VI International Colloquium on: Bluff Bodies Aerodynamics & Applications Milano, Italy, July, 20-24 2008 FLUID FORCE ACTING ON A CYLINDRICAL PIER STANDING IN A SCOUR Takayuki Tsutsui Department of

More information

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF WAKE SURVEY OVER A CYLINDER WITH DIFFERENT SURFACE PROFILES

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF WAKE SURVEY OVER A CYLINDER WITH DIFFERENT SURFACE PROFILES EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF WAKE SURVEY OVER A CYLINDER WITH DIFFERENT SURFACE PROFILES Abdul Ahad Khan 1, Abhishek M. B 2, Tresa Harsha P George 3 1 Under Graduate student, Department of Aeronautical

More information

Comparison of Field and Full-Scale Laboratory Peak Pressures at the IBHS Research Center

Comparison of Field and Full-Scale Laboratory Peak Pressures at the IBHS Research Center Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety Comparison of Field and Full-Scale Laboratory Peak Pressures at the IBHS Research Center Results Obtained from Full-Scale Wind Tunnel Tests The validation

More information

STRUCTURAL DESIGN FIGURE INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE 288aR

STRUCTURAL DESIGN FIGURE INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE 288aR FIGURE 1609.1 288aR 288bR 1609.1.4.1 Building with openings. Where glazing is assumed to be an opening in accordance with Section 1609.1.4, the building shall be evaluated to determine if the openings

More information

Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. Pressure Distribution of Fluid Flow through Triangular and Square Cylinders

Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. Pressure Distribution of Fluid Flow through Triangular and Square Cylinders AENSI Journals Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences ISSN:1991-8178 Journal home page: www.ajbasweb.com Pressure Distribution of Fluid Flow through Triangular and Square Cylinders 1 Nasaruddin

More information

Available online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 126 (2015 )

Available online at  ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 126 (2015 ) Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 126 (2015 ) 542 548 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics, ICFM7 Terrain effects on characteristics of surface wind

More information

Internal pressures in a building with roof opening

Internal pressures in a building with roof opening The Eighth Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, December 10 14, 2013, Chennai, India Internal pressures in a building with roof opening Shouying Li 1,Shouke Li 2, Zhengqing Chen 3. 1 Asociate Professor

More information

SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUCTUATING WIND LOADS ON A SEPARATE TWIN-BOX DECK WITH CENTRAL SLOT

SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUCTUATING WIND LOADS ON A SEPARATE TWIN-BOX DECK WITH CENTRAL SLOT The Seventh Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, November 8-, 009, Taipei, Taiwan SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUCTUATING WIND LOADS ON A SEPARATE TWIN-BOX DEC WITH CENTRAL SLOT Le-Dong Zhu, Shui-Bing

More information

INTERFERENCE EFFECTS OF TWO BUILDINGS ON PEAK WIND PRESSURES

INTERFERENCE EFFECTS OF TWO BUILDINGS ON PEAK WIND PRESSURES The Seventh Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, November 8-, 9, Taipei, Taiwan INTERFERENCE EFFECTS OF TWO BUILDINGS ON PEAK WIND PRESSURES Wonsul Kim, Yukio Tamura and Akihito Yoshida 3 Ph.D.

More information

AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SPIN PHENOMENON FOR DELTA WING

AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SPIN PHENOMENON FOR DELTA WING ICAS 2002 CONGRESS AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SPIN PHENOMENON FOR DELTA WING Yoshiaki NAKAMURA (nakamura@nuae.nagoya-u.ac.jp) Takafumi YAMADA (yamada@nuae.nagoya-u.ac.jp) Department of Aerospace Engineering,

More information

Aerodynamic Analysis of a Symmetric Aerofoil

Aerodynamic Analysis of a Symmetric Aerofoil 214 IJEDR Volume 2, Issue 4 ISSN: 2321-9939 Aerodynamic Analysis of a Symmetric Aerofoil Narayan U Rathod Department of Mechanical Engineering, BMS college of Engineering, Bangalore, India Abstract - The

More information

Quantification of the Effects of Turbulence in Wind on the Flutter Stability of Suspension Bridges

Quantification of the Effects of Turbulence in Wind on the Flutter Stability of Suspension Bridges Quantification of the Effects of Turbulence in Wind on the Flutter Stability of Suspension Bridges T. Abbas 1 and G. Morgenthal 2 1 PhD candidate, Graduate College 1462, Department of Civil Engineering,

More information

Full scale measurements and simulations of the wind speed in the close proximity of the building skin

Full scale measurements and simulations of the wind speed in the close proximity of the building skin Full scale measurements and simulations of the wind speed in the close proximity of the building skin Radoslav Ponechal 1,* and Peter Juras 1 1 University of Zilina, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department

More information

6. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD. A primary result of the current research effort is the design of an experimental

6. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD. A primary result of the current research effort is the design of an experimental 6. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 6.1 Introduction A primary result of the current research effort is the design of an experimental setup that can simulate the interaction of a windmill with a vortex wake and record

More information

THREE DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES OF FLOW BEHIND A

THREE DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES OF FLOW BEHIND A The Seventh Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, November 8-12, 29, Taipei, Taiwan THREE DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES OF FLOW BEHIND A SQUARE PRISM Hiromasa Kawai 1, Yasuo Okuda 2 and Masamiki Ohashi

More information

WIND-INDUCED PRESSURES ON CANOPIES ATTACHED TO THE WALLS OF LOW-RISE BUILDINGS

WIND-INDUCED PRESSURES ON CANOPIES ATTACHED TO THE WALLS OF LOW-RISE BUILDINGS WIND-INDUCED PRESSURES ON CANOPIES ATTACHED TO THE WALLS OF LOW-RISE BUILDINGS José Daniel Candelario Suárez A Thesis In The Department Of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering Presented in Partial

More information

Numerical Fluid Analysis of a Variable Geometry Compressor for Use in a Turbocharger

Numerical Fluid Analysis of a Variable Geometry Compressor for Use in a Turbocharger Special Issue Turbocharging Technologies 15 Research Report Numerical Fluid Analysis of a Variable Geometry Compressor for Use in a Turbocharger Yuji Iwakiri, Hiroshi Uchida Abstract A numerical fluid

More information

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONFLUENT BOUNDARY LAYER BETWEEN A FLAP AND A MAIN ELEMENT WITH SAW-TOOTHED TRAILING EDGE

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONFLUENT BOUNDARY LAYER BETWEEN A FLAP AND A MAIN ELEMENT WITH SAW-TOOTHED TRAILING EDGE 24 TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE AERONAUTICAL SCIENCES EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONFLUENT BOUNDARY LAYER BETWEEN A FLAP AND A MAIN ELEMENT WITH SAW-TOOTHED TRAILING EDGE Lemes, Rodrigo Cristian,

More information

AF100. Subsonic Wind Tunnel AERODYNAMICS. Open-circuit subsonic wind tunnel for a wide range of investigations into aerodynamics

AF100. Subsonic Wind Tunnel AERODYNAMICS. Open-circuit subsonic wind tunnel for a wide range of investigations into aerodynamics Open-circuit subsonic wind tunnel for a wide range of investigations into aerodynamics Page 1 of 4 Works with Computer, chair and work table shown for photographic purposes only (not included) Screenshot

More information

EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF BODY KIT USED WITH SALOON CARS IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM

EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF BODY KIT USED WITH SALOON CARS IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF BODY KIT USED WITH SALOON CARS IN BRUNEI DARUSSALAM M.G., Yazdani, H. Ullah, T. Aderis and R. Zainulariffin, Faculty of Engineering, Institut

More information

Pressure distribution of rotating small wind turbine blades with winglet using wind tunnel

Pressure distribution of rotating small wind turbine blades with winglet using wind tunnel Journal of Scientific SARAVANAN & Industrial et al: Research PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION OF SMALL WIND TURBINE BLADES WITH WINGLET Vol. 71, June 01, pp. 45-49 45 Pressure distribution of rotating small wind

More information

EFFECT OF CORNER CUTOFFS ON FLOW CHARACTERISTICS AROUND A SQUARE CYLINDER

EFFECT OF CORNER CUTOFFS ON FLOW CHARACTERISTICS AROUND A SQUARE CYLINDER EFFECT OF CORNER CUTOFFS ON FLOW CHARACTERISTICS AROUND A SQUARE CYLINDER Yoichi Yamagishi 1, Shigeo Kimura 1, Makoto Oki 2 and Chisa Hatayama 3 ABSTRACT It is known that for a square cylinder subjected

More information

Pressure distribution on the roof of a model lowrise building tested in a boundary layer wind tunnel

Pressure distribution on the roof of a model lowrise building tested in a boundary layer wind tunnel Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate College 2009 Pressure distribution on the roof of a model lowrise building tested in a boundary layer wind tunnel Matthew Robert Goliber Iowa State University

More information

E. Agu, M. Kasperski Ruhr-University Bochum Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Sciences

E. Agu, M. Kasperski Ruhr-University Bochum Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Sciences EACWE 5 Florence, Italy 19 th 23 rd July 29 Flying Sphere image Museo Ideale L. Da Vinci Chasing gust fronts - wind measurements at the airport Munich, Germany E. Agu, M. Kasperski Ruhr-University Bochum

More information

Occurence of peak lifting actions on a large horizontal cantilevered roof

Occurence of peak lifting actions on a large horizontal cantilevered roof Title Occurence of peak lifting actions on a large horizontal cantilevered roof Author(s) Lam, KM; Zhao, JG itation Journal Of Wind Engineering And Industrial Aerodynamics, 2002, v. 90 n. 8, p. 897-940

More information

Free Surface Flow Simulation with ACUSIM in the Water Industry

Free Surface Flow Simulation with ACUSIM in the Water Industry Free Surface Flow Simulation with ACUSIM in the Water Industry Tuan Ta Research Scientist, Innovation, Thames Water Kempton Water Treatment Works, Innovation, Feltham Hill Road, Hanworth, TW13 6XH, UK.

More information

Plane Turbulent Wall Jets in Limited Tailwater Depth

Plane Turbulent Wall Jets in Limited Tailwater Depth International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 159 Plane Turbulent Wall Jets in Limited Tailwater Depth Shazy A. Shabayek 1 Abstract This paper presents laboratory study of plane

More information

Wind tunnel test and numerical simulation of wind pressure on a high-rise building

Wind tunnel test and numerical simulation of wind pressure on a high-rise building Journal of Chongqing University (English Edition) [ISSN 1671-8224] Vol. 9 No. 1 March 2010 Article ID: 1671-8224(2010)01-0047-07 To cite this article: AL ZOUBI Feras, LI Zheng-liang, WEI Qi-ke, SUN Yi.

More information

Wind pressure distribution on canopies attached to tall buildings

Wind pressure distribution on canopies attached to tall buildings Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 25 (7) (2011) 1767~1774 www.springerlink.com/content/1738-494x DOI 10.1007/s10.1007/s12206-011-0507-8 Wind pressure distribution on canopies attached to tall

More information

AIRFLOW GENERATION IN A TUNNEL USING A SACCARDO VENTILATION SYSTEM AGAINST THE BUOYANCY EFFECT PRODUCED BY A FIRE

AIRFLOW GENERATION IN A TUNNEL USING A SACCARDO VENTILATION SYSTEM AGAINST THE BUOYANCY EFFECT PRODUCED BY A FIRE - 247 - AIRFLOW GENERATION IN A TUNNEL USING A SACCARDO VENTILATION SYSTEM AGAINST THE BUOYANCY EFFECT PRODUCED BY A FIRE J D Castro a, C W Pope a and R D Matthews b a Mott MacDonald Ltd, St Anne House,

More information

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF WIND INTERFERENCE EFFECT

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF WIND INTERFERENCE EFFECT NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF WIND INTERFERENCE EFFECT FOR A STADIUM AND A GYMNASIUM Gang Xu 1, Xing-qian Peng 2, Li Wu 1, Hai Zhu 1 1 Graduate student, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou,

More information

Experimental investigation on the influence of wind direction on the aerodynamic loads acting on low aspect-ratio triangular prisms

Experimental investigation on the influence of wind direction on the aerodynamic loads acting on low aspect-ratio triangular prisms Experimental investigation on the influence of wind direction on the aerodynamic loads acting on low aspect-ratio triangular prisms Giacomo Valerio Iungo and Guido Buresti Department of Aerospace Engineering,

More information

Boat-tail effect on the wake of the Ahmed body: from symmetry-breaking modes to periodic vortex-shedding

Boat-tail effect on the wake of the Ahmed body: from symmetry-breaking modes to periodic vortex-shedding Boat-tail effect on the wake of the Ahmed body: from symmetry-breaking modes to periodic vortex-shedding Guillaume Bonnavion, Olivier Cadot In collaboration with the CNRT R2A: Vincent Herbert, Sylvain

More information

CFD Analysis ofwind Turbine Airfoil at Various Angles of Attack

CFD Analysis ofwind Turbine Airfoil at Various Angles of Attack IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-issn: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 13, Issue 4 Ver. II (Jul. - Aug. 2016), PP 18-24 www.iosrjournals.org CFD Analysis ofwind Turbine

More information

Aerodynamic mitigation of extreme wind loading on low-rise buildings

Aerodynamic mitigation of extreme wind loading on low-rise buildings Retrospective Theses and Dissertations 2008 Aerodynamic mitigation of extreme wind loading on low-rise buildings Kevin Sehn Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd

More information

Wind pressures in canopies with parapets

Wind pressures in canopies with parapets Wind pressures in canopies with parapets A. Poitevin 1, B. Natalini 2, L. A. Godoy 3 1 Research Assistant, Department of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Puerto Rico, poite@msn.com 2 Prof.

More information

Wind tunnel effects on wingtip vortices

Wind tunnel effects on wingtip vortices 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition 4-7 January 2010, Orlando, Florida AIAA 2010-325 Wind tunnel effects on wingtip vortices Xin Huang 1, Hirofumi

More information

A Study on the Effects of Wind on the Drift Loss of a Cooling Tower

A Study on the Effects of Wind on the Drift Loss of a Cooling Tower A Study on the Effects of Wind on the Drift Loss of a Cooling Tower Wanchai Asvapoositkul 1* 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut s University of Technology Thonburi

More information

The wind tunnel tests of wind pressure acting on the derrick of deepwater semi-submersible drilling platform

The wind tunnel tests of wind pressure acting on the derrick of deepwater semi-submersible drilling platform Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Energy Procedia 14 (2012) 1267 1272 2011 2nd International Conference on Advances in Energy Engineering (ICAEE2011) The wind tunnel tests of wind pressure acting

More information

Design Wind Loads for Solar Modules Mounted Parallel to the Roof of a Low-rise Building

Design Wind Loads for Solar Modules Mounted Parallel to the Roof of a Low-rise Building Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository May 2015 Design Wind Loads for Solar Modules Mounted Parallel to the Roof of a Low-rise Building Sarah Elizabeth Stenabaugh

More information

Subsonic Wind Tunnel 300 mm

Subsonic Wind Tunnel 300 mm aerodynamics AF1300 An open circuit suction subsonic wind tunnel with a working section of 300 mm by 300 mm and 600 mm long Screenshot of the optional VDAS software Saves time and money compared to full-scale

More information

Influence of wing span on the aerodynamics of wings in ground effect

Influence of wing span on the aerodynamics of wings in ground effect Influence of wing span on the aerodynamics of wings in ground effect Sammy Diasinos 1, Tracie J Barber 2 and Graham Doig 2 Abstract A computational fluid dynamics study of the influence of wing span has

More information

Experimental Analysis on Vortex Tube Refrigerator Using Different Conical Valve Angles

Experimental Analysis on Vortex Tube Refrigerator Using Different Conical Valve Angles International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-issn: 7-067X, p-issn: 7-00X, www.ijerd.com Volume 3, Issue 4 (August ), PP. 33-39 Experimental Analysis on Vortex Tube Refrigerator Using

More information

Research Article Effects of Side Ratio on Wind-Induced Pressure Distribution on Rectangular Buildings

Research Article Effects of Side Ratio on Wind-Induced Pressure Distribution on Rectangular Buildings Journal of Structures Volume 213, rticle ID 176739, 12pages http://d.doi.org/15/213/176739 Research rticle Effects of Side Ratio on Wind-Induced Pressure Distribution on Rectangular Buildings J.. min 1

More information

Fig 2.17: Topographic model: snow-free area (Snow boundary = red) Contour interval of 1 m.

Fig 2.17: Topographic model: snow-free area (Snow boundary = red) Contour interval of 1 m. Fig 2.17: Topographic model: snow-free area (Snow boundary = red) Contour interval of 1 m. Fig 2.18: Utsteinen ridge characteristics: (1) Utsteinen ridge granite bedrock; (2) Compacted snow (west-side);

More information

Available online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 161 (2016 )

Available online at  ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 161 (2016 ) Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 161 (216 ) 1845 1851 World Multidisciplinary Civil Engineering-Architecture-Urban Planning Symposium 216, WMCAUS 216 Experimental

More information

Aerodynamic Mitigation of Roof Suction Using Solar Panels

Aerodynamic Mitigation of Roof Suction Using Solar Panels Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2016 Aerodynamic Mitigation of Roof Suction Using Solar Panels Laura M. Iverson Louisiana State University and Agricultural

More information

Plane Turbulent Wall Jets in Limited Tailwater Depth

Plane Turbulent Wall Jets in Limited Tailwater Depth International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 6 192 Plane Turbulent Wall Jets in Limited Tailwater Depth Shazy A. Shabayek 1 Abstract This paper presents laboratory study of

More information

A comparison of NACA 0012 and NACA 0021 self-noise at low Reynolds number

A comparison of NACA 0012 and NACA 0021 self-noise at low Reynolds number A comparison of NACA 12 and NACA 21 self-noise at low Reynolds number A. Laratro, M. Arjomandi, B. Cazzolato, R. Kelso Abstract The self-noise of NACA 12 and NACA 21 airfoils are recorded at a Reynolds

More information

Wind loads investigations of HAWT with wind tunnel tests and site measurements

Wind loads investigations of HAWT with wind tunnel tests and site measurements loads investigations of HAWT with wind tunnel tests and site measurements Shigeto HIRAI, Senior Researcher, Nagasaki R&D Center, Technical Headquarters, MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDSUTRIES, LTD, Fukahori, Nagasaki,

More information

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD) INVESTIGATION TO ASSESS WIND EFFECTS ON A TALL STRUCTURES (WIND FORCE PARAMETERS)

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD) INVESTIGATION TO ASSESS WIND EFFECTS ON A TALL STRUCTURES (WIND FORCE PARAMETERS) COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD) INVESTIGATION TO ASSESS WIND EFFECTS ON A TALL STRUCTURES (WIND FORCE PARAMETERS) G Naga Sulochana 1, H Sarath kumar 2 1M.Tech Student. 2 Assistant Professor 1,2Department

More information

Citation Journal of Thermal Science, 18(4),

Citation Journal of Thermal Science, 18(4), NAOSITE: Nagasaki University's Ac Title Author(s) Noise characteristics of centrifuga diffuser (Noise reduction by means leading tip) Murakami, Tengen; Ishida, Masahiro; Citation Journal of Thermal Science,

More information

Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 9 (5) (2016) Research Article. CFD Simulations of Flow Around Octagonal Shaped Structures

Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 9 (5) (2016) Research Article. CFD Simulations of Flow Around Octagonal Shaped Structures Jestr Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 9 (5) (2016) 72-76 Research Article JOURNAL OF Engineering Science and Technology Review www.jestr.org CFD Simulations of Flow Around Octagonal

More information

Basis of Structural Design

Basis of Structural Design Basis of Structural Design Course 10 Actions on structures: Wind loads Other loads Course notes are available for download at http://www.ct.upt.ro/users/aurelstratan/ Wind loading: normative references

More information

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE MECHANICAL SOLICITATIONS OF THE GREENHOUSES OF VEGETABLES AND FLOWERS LOCATED ON ROOFTOPS

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE MECHANICAL SOLICITATIONS OF THE GREENHOUSES OF VEGETABLES AND FLOWERS LOCATED ON ROOFTOPS 6 th International Conference Computational Mechanics and Virtual Engineering COMEC 2015 15-16 October 2015, Braşov, Romania EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE MECHANICAL SOLICITATIONS OF THE GREENHOUSES OF

More information

Determination of the wind pressure distribution on the facade of the triangularly shaped high-rise building structure

Determination of the wind pressure distribution on the facade of the triangularly shaped high-rise building structure Determination of the wind pressure distribution on the facade of the triangularly shaped high-rise building structure Norbert Jendzelovsky 1,*, Roland Antal 1 and Lenka Konecna 1 1 STU in Bratislava, Faculty

More information

Loads on Structures. Dead Load / Fixed Load Live Load / Imposed Load Earthquake Load Wind Load Snow Load

Loads on Structures. Dead Load / Fixed Load Live Load / Imposed Load Earthquake Load Wind Load Snow Load Loads on Structures Dead Load / Fixed Load Live Load / Imposed Load Earthquake Load Wind Load Snow Load Characteristics of Wind Load Depends upon - velocity and density of the air height above ground level

More information

Experimental investigation on the aerodynamic loads and wake flow features of low aspect-ratio triangular prisms at different wind directions

Experimental investigation on the aerodynamic loads and wake flow features of low aspect-ratio triangular prisms at different wind directions Journal of Fluids and Structures 25 (2009) 1119 1135 www.elsevier.com/locate/jfs Experimental investigation on the aerodynamic loads and wake flow features of low aspect-ratio triangular prisms at different

More information

Experimental Investigation of End Plate Effects on the Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Airfoil Blade

Experimental Investigation of End Plate Effects on the Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Airfoil Blade Experimental Investigation of End Plate Effects on the Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Airfoil Blade Rikhi Ramkissoon 1, Krishpersad Manohar 2 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering,

More information

Flow characteristics over forward facing step and through abrupt contraction pipe and drag reduction

Flow characteristics over forward facing step and through abrupt contraction pipe and drag reduction Res. Rep. Fac. Eng. Mie Univ., Vol.9, pp. -8() Original Paper Flow characteristics over forward facing step and through abrupt contraction pipe and drag reduction Toshitake ANDO and Toshihiko SHAKOUCHI

More information

RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE June 1 4, 2016

RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE June 1 4, 2016 RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE June 1 4, 2016 CASE STUDIES ON THE IMPACT OF SURROUNDING BUILDINGS ON WIND-INDUCED RESPONSE John Kilpatrick Rowan Williams Davies and Irwin, Guelph, Ontario, Canada ABSTRACT In

More information

COMPARISONS OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS AND

COMPARISONS OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS AND The Seventh Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, November 8-12, 2009, Taipei, Taiwan COMPARISONS OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS AND WIND TUNNEL EXPERIMENTS FOR PEDESTRIAN WIND ENVIRONMENTS Chin-Hsien

More information

Analysis and Design of Elevated Intze Watertank and its Comparative Study in Different Wind Zones - using SAP2000

Analysis and Design of Elevated Intze Watertank and its Comparative Study in Different Wind Zones - using SAP2000 IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering Volume 2 Issue 2 August 2015 ISSN (online): 2349-784X Analysis and Design of Elevated Intze Watertank and its Comparative Study in Different

More information

FINAL REPORT. Wind Assessment for: NEW OFFICE BUILDING AT ESSENDON FIELDS Essendon, Victoria, Australia

FINAL REPORT. Wind Assessment for: NEW OFFICE BUILDING AT ESSENDON FIELDS Essendon, Victoria, Australia FINAL REPORT Wind Assessment for: NEW OFFICE BUILDING AT ESSENDON FIELDS Essendon, Victoria, Australia Prepared for: Essendon Fields Pty Ltd Essendon Fields House Level 2, 7 English Street Essendon Fields

More information

High Swept-back Delta Wing Flow

High Swept-back Delta Wing Flow Advanced Materials Research Submitted: 2014-06-25 ISSN: 1662-8985, Vol. 1016, pp 377-382 Accepted: 2014-06-25 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1016.377 Online: 2014-08-28 2014 Trans Tech Publications,

More information