ANSWERS FOR LESSON 2

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1 ب س م ا الله الر ح من الر ح ي م ANSWERS FOR LESSON 2 1- Complete (m./f.) ١- أك م ل / أك م ل ي Def. نك رة Indef. مع ر فة المع نى The fire The snake The life The world The tree The clear The she-camel The soul The earth نار حي ة حياة د ن يا شجرة م ب ين ناقة نف س أر ض ا الن ا ر ال حي ة ال حيا ة الد ن يا الش جرة ال م ب ي ن الن اق ة الن ف س الا ر ض -٢ تر ج م / تر ج م ي إ لى ال عرب ي ة 2- Translate (m./f.) to Arabic ب ن ت م ؤ م نة girl. 1- A believing 2- This is a hand. هذ ه يد sign. 3- The evident الا ية ال بي نة tree. 4- That is a great ت ل ك شجرة عظ يمة Lot. 5- The wife of ا م رأة لوط / زو جة ل وط Page 24

2 3 - Complete (m./f.) ٣- أك م ل / أك م ل ي ال عد د الن و ع نك رة أو مع ر ف ة حركة ال حر ف الا خ ي ر الن ار ال عظ يمة م ف ر د م ؤن ث مع ر فة ضم ة الن ف س ال م ؤ م نة م ف ر د م ؤن ث مع ر فة فت حة الن اقة ال كب يرة م ف ر د م ؤن ث مع ر فة كس رة عي ن جار ية نك رة م ف ر د م ؤن ث كس ر ة تن و ي ن أ م ة م س ل مة نك رة م ف ر د م ؤن ث تن و ي ن ضم ة A muslim nation جن ة عال ية نك رة م ف ر د م ؤن ث تن و ين فت ح ة أك م ل / أك م ل ي ب ص فة وضع / ضع ي الحركة على آخ ر حر ف واك ت ب / اك ت ب ي ال مع نى 4- Complete (m. /f.) with an adjective, put (m./f.) the mark on the last letter and write (m./f.) the meaning. ٤ The believing nation The high sun -٢ The big hand A great sign ال يد آية ال كب يرة عظ يم ة الا مة الش م س ال م ؤ م نة ٤- ال عال ي ة -١-٣ The great torment The last home ال عظ يم الا خ رة * -٦-٨ A muslim woman The big son ام رأة الاب ن م س ل م ة ا لكب ير ال عذاب الد ار -٥-٧ can mean the Hereafter and also can mean (the last) if used as الا خ رة * an adjective. Page 25

3 5 - Complete (m./f.) the table ال كل مة The word ص راط ) ذل ك ت ل ك) ذل ك ذل ك ت ل ك ت ل ك ت ل ك ت ل ك ذل ك ذل ك ت ل ك ت ل ك أك م ل / ) ه و ه ي) ال جد و ل أك م ل ي ٥- ) هذا هذ ه ) ال مع نى Path ه و ه و ه ي ه ي ه ي ه ي ه و ه و ه ي ه ي هذا هذا العب د The servant هذ ه ا م رأة جهن م القدم نف س woman Jahannam The foot The soul هذ ه هذ ه هذ ه هذا مج يد ا Glorious هذا يو م ا Day هذ ه حياة Life هذ ه البقرة The cow 6- اك ت ب / اك ت ب ي خم س كل مات م ؤن ثة تن ته ي بتاء مر ب وطة Write (m. /f.) 5 feminine words which end with Taa' Marbootah -٦ - الاب نة الا ية الش جرة حياة البقرة اك ت ب / اك ت ب ي خم س كل مات م ؤن ثة لا تن ته ي بتاء مر ب وط ة 7- Write (m. /f.) 5 feminine words which do not end with Taa' Marbootah - عي ن أ م الن ار الا ذ ن الن ف س -٧ Page 26

4 LESSON 3 ال م ف ر د إ ع را ب Conjugation of the Singular Allaah is Creator of everything The worldly life is a Phrases of the lesson ª!$# & ó x«èe ä. ß,Ï= yz االله خال ق ك ل شي ء 1 play لع ب ال حياة الد ن يا Ò=Ïès9 $u Ρ 9$# äο4θušysø9$# 2 He is a God. uθèδ µ s9î) إ له ه و 3 He is a one God. إ له واح د Ó Ïn uρ µ s9î) uθèδ ه و 4 That is a nation. ت ل ك أ م ة π Βé& y7ù=ï? He said, Ibrahim. 5 (Ibrahim said) قال إ ب راه يم ãν Ïδ uö/î) tα$s% He knew, Allaah. 6 (Allaah knew) االله ª!$# zνï=tæ عل م It knew, a soul. 7 (a soul knew) عل مت نف س Ó ø tρ ômyϑï=tã Muhammad is the messenger of Allaah In the religion of Allaah 8 Ó ϑut Χ «!$# ãαθß م حم د رس ول االله 9 Îû #$!» Ç ƒïš ف ي د ين االله 10 From one soul م ن نف س واح دة ;οy Ïn uρ < ø Ρ ÏiΒ 11 Page 27

5 WRITING RULES واوWaaw over صغ يرة أل ف - In line 2: The word ã ο4θušysø9$# has Small Alif This means that the waaw واو should not be pronounced. (ال حياة ( أل ف In the standard Arabic, it is written only with Alif - In line 6: The word ãν Ïδ uö/î) has Small Yaa' ( صغ يرة ياء ) after Haa'. هاء (إ ب راه يم ( ي ا ء Yaa' In the standard Arabic, it is written as a normal - In line 11: the word ÏiΒ does not have mark on the letter Noon. This means that the mark should be a Sukoon as written in the standard (م ن ( Arabic. For more examples read the file (Qur'aan script) Page 28

6 Advise for this lesson: This lesson might be totally new for many of you, we would advise you to read it thoroughly till the end then go back and read it once again. Do not try to learn any new word now; the most important thing is to understand the idea. When you understand the lesson, start doing the exercises. The page you need for answering each exercise is mentioned there. If you are able to do the exercises, this means you got the idea. Remember that the Prophet االله علي ه وسل م صل ى said: "اح ر ص على ما ين فع ك واس تع ن ب االله ولا تع جز " رواه الا مام م س ل م "Seek what benefits you, and seek help only from Allah and do not lose heart." By Imaam Muslim. Page 29

7 Introduction إ ع راب الاس م ال م ف رد Conjugation of the singular nouns Conjugation إع راب means: the change of the end of Arabic words, when its role (position) in the sentence changes. In this lesson we answer the question: Why does the same word appear with different marks with the last letter? كس رة Kasrah فت حة Fat -hah ضم ة Dammah ص ارط /الص ارط ص ارط ا/الص راط ص ارط /الص راط In the conjugation we treat Dammah ضم ة and Tanween Dammah the same way, we call them both (Dammah). And the same for Fat-hah فت حة and كس رة Kasrah. The ending of an Arabic word changes with the position of that word in the sentence. Every few positions are classified under a Case. The scholars of Grammar already decided the available positions under each case. For Example: The Cases (ال حالة ) مر ف وع Examples for positions under different cases First noun in a sentence Information about the م ب تدأ : خبر : فاع ل : Mark of the last letter of singular nouns, if they are in that case. Page 30 م ب تدأ Doer of the verb ضم ة مف ع ول ب ه : من ص وب Object فت حة A noun that shows the time or ظر ف : مج ر ور the place اس م مج ر ور : preposition Noun after إلي ه: Noun showing the possessor إن شاء االله All this will be explained in details later كس رة م ضاف

8 ,مر ف وع The Cases are normally translated in English as: Nominative for Accusative for من ص وب and Genitive for,مج ر ور but in our lessons we will not use the translation as these cases have no similarity in English. It was only a way to give English terms to them, we prefer to use the Arabic terms directly. The idea of cases is similar to a building with three floors, where people doing different jobs are living 3 st floor Barber Carpenter Cook 2 st floor Accountant Teacher Secretary 1 st floor Engineer Artist Doctor Notice that the people in the first floor have different jobs but they all live at the same floor and have a green appartment. The jobs are the Positions. The floors are the Cases. The colors are the marks. Page 31

9 To understand these positions that come under the different cases, we need to know the types of Arabic word and the type of sentences. A-The types of Arabic word: The Arabic word can be: A noun, a verb or a particle. ال كل مة ال عرب ي ة The Arabic Word حر ف Particle ف ع ل Verb Noun ا س م Preposition Past tense إ ن سان Human ال ف ع ل الماض ي حر ف جر : ف ي على إلى.. Conjunction Negation Present tense Command Animal Solid حيوان جما د ال ف ع ل ال م ضار ع ف ع ل الا م ر ح ر ف عط ف : و أو ث م ف.. حر ف نف ي : لا Calling Particle نبا ت Plant يا حر ف ن داء : Etc. مكا ن Place ز ما ن Time ص فة Adjective Pronoun Demonstrative Relative Pronoun ضم ير اس م إ شار ة ص و ل اس م مو Etc. Page 32

10 B- The type of sentences: (1) ال ج م لة ال ف ع ل ي ة The Verbal Sentence a- Starts with a verb. b- It has two main parts: ف ع ل + ف اع ل the doer + the verb جاء الن ص ر (It came, the victory) The victory came ي صل ي ال م س ل م (He prays, the muslim) The muslim prays Notice that the verb came before the doer. This cannot be in the English language (2) ال ج م لة الاس م ي ة The Nominal Sentence a- Starts with a noun. b- It has two main parts: م ب تدأ + خبر information + first noun in a sentence ال ك تاب م بارك The book is blessed االله رح يم Allaah is Gracious هذا ك تا ب This is a book ه ي ب ن ت She is a girl After this brief introduction, we can start explaining the different positions of the singular nouns and answer the question: What makes the last mark of the same noun change? Page 33

11 1- In ال مرف وع case There are 6 positions classified under this case but we will study them slowly in the upcoming lessons. In this lesson we will learn only 3 of them: ال فاع ل Position 1 It is the one who does the verb (doer) In line 6 إ ب راه يم قال The word قال is a verb, it means: he said. The word إب راه يم is a noun that shows the one who said. So إب راه يم is ال فاع ل. And فاع ل is one of the positions that comes under the case مر ف وع, then the end of the word اره يم. ضم ة should be a Dammah إب There is a special way to say the previous explanation in brief, we say: (Qaala: Past tense verb) قال: ف ع ل ماض. مر ف (Ibraaheem: doer in the case of فاع ل مر ف وع إب راه يم: وعلامة رف ع ه الض م ة.* Dammah) is رف ع and the mark for وع *We don t ask you to learn/memorize this sentence/way for conjugation. Just copy this form/way in the exercises; with the time إن شاء االله you will learn it by heart. In line 7: (he knew) عل م االله عل م: ف ع ل ماض. Page 34 مر ف وع فاع ل لف ظ ال جلالة االله : وعلامة رف ع ه الض م ة. Note: When we do conjugation of the word,االله we say at the beginning (The ) لف ظ ال جلالة ( is. word of majesty

12 ال م ب تدأ Position 2 ج م لة اس م ي ة It is the first noun in a nominal sentence In line 9: م ح مد ر سو ل The word م حم د is a proper name, which came at the beginning of a sentence. So م حم د is.ال م ب تدأ And ال م ب تدأ is one of the positions that comes under the case,مر ف وع then the end of the word م حم د should be a Dammah ضم ة (we said before that in conjugation, Dammah and Tanween Dammah are same). We say: م حم د : م ب تدأ مر ف وع وعلامة رف ع ه الض م ة. ال خب ر Position 3 It is the information given about or are in English. Muhammad is a messenger. It is whatever, that comes after is ال م ب تدأ م ر ح مد ر سو ل سو ل: خبر مر ف وع وعلامة رف ع ه الض م ة. The word رس ول is the answer of the question: What about Muhammad? It is.الم ب تدأ or the information we give for الخبر then the,مر ف وع is one of the positions that comes under the case الخبر ضم ة should be a Dammah رس ول end of the word Note: The word ر س ول here is not an adjective as it does not agree with the noun: it is indefinite and the word م حم د in definite (proper noun) Page 35

13 in line 1 االله خال ق االله : لف ظ ال جلالة م ب تدأ مر ف وع وعلامة رف ع ه الض م ة. خال ق : خبر مر ف وع وعلامة رف ع ه الض م ة. إن شاء االله To be continued in lesson 4 Important comment You might ask why the word رس ول in line 8 and the word not have Tanween? in line 9, do ي ن د The two words are not indefinite anymore, because they were رس ول د ين made definite when followed by a definite word م ضاف إلي ه possessor which shows the االله( ( Page 36

14 كي ف ت ك تب هذ ه ال كل مات ف ي ال عرب ي ة ال ق ياس ي ة تد ر يبات Exercises 1- How these words are written in the standard Arabic? -١ رس م ال ق ر آن ال عرب ي ة ال ق ياس ي ة Standard Arabic Qur'aanic script 2- Complete (m. /f.) µ s9î) n uρ β#u è% = tg69$# οθu ys9$# Nr&uΒ$# πtƒ#u ٢- أك م ل / أك م ل ي ال م عنى The life (use the table in page 30 to complete) ال حالة The Case ال حياة م س تق يم ا مج يدة كب ير دار الش م س شجرة مر ف وع Page 37

15 3 - Complete (m./f.) ٣- أك م ل / أك م ل ي ال عد د الن و ع نك رة أو مع ر ف ة حركة ال حر ف الا خ ير ال مح ل The case مع ر فة م ف ر د م ؤن ث الن ار مر ف وع ضم ة ال م ؤ م نة إ ب راه يم واح دة رس ول نفس د ين ا (use page 30 to complete) ضع / ضع ي الحركة على آخ ر حر ف ٤ 4- Put (m. /f.) the mark on the last letter of the word (use page 34 & 35) The paradise is lofty Allaah is Great The path is straight The prophet said The man knew ال جن ة عال ية االله عظ يم الص راط م س تق يم قال الر س ول عل م الر ج ل Page 38

16 تر ج م / تر ج م ي إ لى ال عرب ي ة وضع / ضع ي الحركا ت -٥ 5- Translate (m./f.) to Arabic and put (m./f.) the marks 1- Allaah said. 2- The news is great. 3- The tree is big. 4- The God is one. 5- The sky is high. -٦ أع ر ب /أع ر ب ي ال كل مات 6- Conjugate (m./f.) the words ه يم قال إب را قال: ف ع ل ماض. إ ب راه يم :... عظ يم ال ق ر آن ال ق ر آن :... عظ يم :... الا م م ؤ م ن ة الا م :... م ؤ م نة :... (use page 33&35 to complete) (Just copy the pattern from the lesson) Page 39

ANSWERS FOR LESSON 4

ب س م االله الر ح م ن الر ح يم ANSWERS FOR LESSON 4 ١- م ا م ع ن ى ال م ص ط ل ح ات الت ال ي ة 1 What is the meaning of the following terms? ال م ص ط ل ح The term ح ر ف ف ع ل ف ع ل ماض ال م ع ن ى Letter/Particle