LQ Mississauga. MadinahBook 3 Notes (v. 8) Topics. 2 Classification of Verbs 10 Exception. 3 Noun Declension and Non-Declension 11 Diptote
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1 ب س م الله ال رح م ن ال رح ي م LQ Mississauga MadinahBook 3 Notes (v. 8) 1 Augmented Three Letter Verb الث لاثي مزيد 9 Pronoun Summary 2 Classification of Verbs 10 Exception 3 Noun Declension and Non-Declension 11 Diptote الش رط Condition 4 الم ف ع ول الم ط ل ق Object 5 Absolute الق س م Oath 6 7 Conjugation of Heavy-duty Nun Topics 8 Combining the Oath with the Condition - ا جت م اع الق س م و الش رط 1
2 Revision History Date Ver Author Revision Comments May. 29, Zahid Naeem Augmented three letter verb notes Aug. 11, Zahid Naeem Added notes for Noun Declension and Non-Declensions Sep. 20, Zahid Naeem Corrections and additions Mar. 24, Zahid Naeem الش رط Added notes for May 19, Zahid Naeem الم ف ع ول الم ط ل ق Added notes for Jun. 07, Zahid Naeem القسم Added notes for Jun. 14, Zahid Naeem Added notes for classification of verbs Dec. 28, Zahid Naeem Added notes for a) combining oath and conditionb) pronouns c) exception and d) diptote ف ي س ب يل الل ه Sabilillah There are no copyrights reserved for this material. You may make copies and distribute them Fi Report any errors, omissions or suggestions to lqmississauga@gmail.com LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 2
3 Augmented vs. Un-augmented Three Letter Verb Augmented Three Letter Verb Un-augmented Three Letter Verb الث ل اث ي الف ع ل ر د ال م ج الث ل اث ي الف ع ل د ال م ز ي A three letter verb, which is augmented by adding one or more letters to the original three letters, e.g. ع ل م س اع د ا ن ز ل ت ق ب ل ت ع او ن ٱ ن ك ش ف Also called Derived Three Letter Verbs These verbs are further classified into 12 forms, of which 9 are most common Form II to X (2 to 10). We will only study these 9 forms. Please note that even though the number of letters in each of these verbs is more than three, they are still referred to as Augmented (or Derived) Three Letter verb A three letter verb, which contains only the original three letters without any additional letter, e.g. ك ت ب ج ل س ق ال س م ع و ج د ن س ي LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 3
4 ب ب اب ف ع ل II Form ب اب ف ع ل II Form ف الث ل اث ي ال م ز يد د الف ع ل ل ع ف ل ع 3 Augmented Letter 2 1 الث ل اث ي ال م ج ر د د الف ع ل ف عل ل ع ن ز ل د ر س ق ت ل ك س س ر ح Original Letters He sent down, He brought down He taught He massacred He smashed He praised/glorified ع (2 nd radical) of the respective verb and NOT the alphabet ع كلمة Represents the ع ن ز ل د ر س ق ت ل ك س ر س ب ح He came down He learnt He killed He broke He swam LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 4
5 ب اب ف اع ل III Form ب اب ف اع ل III Form ف الث ل اث ي ال م ز يد د الف ع ل ف اع ل ل ع 3 Augmented Letter 2 1 الث ل اث ي ال م ج ر د د الف ع ل ف عل ل ا ق ات ل ج اه د ش اه د Original Letters He fought He endeavored, He strived He viewed, inspected, observed ق ت ل ج ه د ش ه د He killed He exerted himself He witnessed خ ط ب ن د ا خ اط ب ن اد ى He addressed someone directly He called, He shouted He delivered a public address He called ا (ا لف ( alphabet Represents the ا LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 5
6 ب اب ا ف ع ل IV Form ب اب ا ف ع ل IV Form الث ل اث ي ال م ز يد د الث ل اث ي ال م ج ر د د الف ع ل الف ع ل ا ف ع ل ل ع ف 3 2 Augmented Letter 1 ف عل ل ا ا ن ز ل ا خ ر ج ا ص ل ح ا س ل م ا ر ا د ا ق ا م Original Letters He sent down, He brought down He brought someone/something out He made someone/something good He embraced Islam He wanted, He wished He made someone/something standup ن ز ل خ ر ج ص ل ح س ل م ر اد ق ام He came down He came out, He left He was good He was safe He looked for, He searched for He stood up LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 6
7 ك ف عل ل ب اب ت ف ع ل V Form الث ل اث ي ال م ز يد د الث ل اث ي ال م ج ر د د الف ع ل الف ع ل ف 1 ع 2 ل ب اب ت ف ع ل V Form 3 Augmented Letters ل ع ف ت ع ت ت ذك ر ت ولى ت وك ل ت ب ي ن ت ف ر ت كل م Original Letters He remembered He turned back He put his trust (especially with Allah) It became clear He meditated, reflected He spoke ذ ك ر و ل ى و ك ل ب ان ف ك ر ك ل م He remembered He followed He entrusted It became clear He meditated, reflected He spoke LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 7
8 ب اب ت ف اع ل VI Form ب اب ت ف اع ل VI Form الث ل اث ي ال م ز يد د الث ل اث ي ال م ج ر د د الف ع ل الف ع ل فاع ل ت ل ع ف 3 Augmented Letters 2 1 ف عل ل ا ت ت ساء ل ت م ار ض ت ضار ب ت عاو ن Original Letters He asked (one another) He pretended to be sick He quarreled, He brawled He helped (one another) س ا ل م ر ض ض ر ب ع ان He asked He became sick He hit He was middle-aged ن ام ن ب ز ت ناو م ت ن اب ز He pretended to sleep He gave someone a nickname to reproach He slept He defamed LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 8
9 ب اب ٱ ن ف ع ل VII Form ب اب ٱ ن ف ع ل VII Form الث ل اث ي ال م ز يد د الث ل اث ي ال م ج ر د د الف ع ل الف ع ل ٱ ن ف ع ل ل ع ف 3 2 Augmented Letters 1 ف عل ل ن ٱ ٱ ن ق ل ب ٱ ن ق ط ع ٱ ن ك س ر ٱ ن ك ش ف ٱ ن ب غ ى Original Letters He/it was overturned He/it was cut It got broke It got revealed, It got disclosed It was fitting and proper ق ل ب ق ط ع ك س ر ك ش ف ب غ ى He/it overturned He cut He broke He revealed, He disclosed He desired ه ز م He was defeated ٱ ن ه ز م He defeated LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 9
10 ف ب اب ٱ ف ت ع ل VIII Form ب اب ٱ ف ت ع ل VIII Form الث ل اث ي ال م ز يد د الث ل اث ي ال م ج ر د د الف ع ل الف ع ل تع ل ٱ ل ع ف 3 Augmented Letters 2 1 ف عل ل ت ٱ ٱ ٱ ج ش تم ع تر ك Original Letters He came together He entered into partnership ج م ع ش ر ك He collected, gathered He shared ج ن ب ن ه ى ٱ جت ن ب ٱ ن ت ه ى He turned aside, He avoided He terminated, He ceased He turned aside, He avoided He prohibited ن ظ ر He waited ٱ ن ت ظ ر He saw, looked For phonetic reasons, the augmented alphabet ت is sometimes replaced with ض ط dependingد upon the ف كلمة of the verb. ا ن شاء الل ه later, itself may be changed in some cases. We will study this ف كلمة Similarly the LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 10
11 ب اب ٱ ف ع ل IX Form ب اب ٱ ف ع ل IX Form الث ل اث ي ال م ز يد د الث ل اث ي ال م ج ر د د الف ع ل الف ع ل ل ٱ ف ع ل ع ف 3 Augmented Letters 2 1 ف عل ل ل ٱ Original Letters He/it turned red ٱ ح م ر He/it turned black ٱ س و د He/it turned white ٱ ب ي ض He/it became crooked ٱ ع و ج He/it was crooked ع و ج For some augmented verbs, the un-augmented verbs may not exist, as is the case above. LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 11
12 ب اب ٱ س ت ف ع ل X Form ب اب ٱ س ت ف ع ل X Form الث ل اث ي ال م ز يد د الث ل اث ي ال م ج ر د د الف ع ل الف ع ل ٱ س ت ف ع ل ل ع ف 3 2 Augmented Letters 1 ف عل ل س ت ٱ ٱ س ت غ ف ر ٱ س ت ك ب ر ٱ س ت ط ا ع ٱ س ت ج ا ب ٱ س ت ه ز ا Original Letters He sought forgiveness He deemed to be great, He became proud He was able to He answered He mocked, He ridiculed غ ف ر ك ب ر ط اع ج اب ه ز ئ He forgave He became great He was obedient He split He mocked, He ridiculed ع ج ل He sought to hasten ٱ س ت ع ج ل He hastened LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 12
13 ب ب اب ف ع ل II More on Form ع ع ل ف الف ع ل الم اض ي الف ع ل الم ض ار ع ف ع ل الا م ر الم ص د ر ا س م الف اع ل ا س م الم ف ع ول م ف ع ل م ف ع ل ت ف ع ي ل ف ع ل ي ف ع ل ل ع ف م د ر س م د ر س ت د ر ي س د ر س ي د ر س س ر د م ن ز ل م ن ز ل ت ن ز ي ل ن ز ل ي ن ز ل ل ز ن م س ب ح م س ب ح ت س ب ي ح س ب ح ي س ب ح ح س ق د ر ي ق د ر ر د ق م ق د ر م ق د ر ت ق د ي ر م ك س ر م ك س ر ت ك س ي ر ك س ر ي ك س ر ر س ك Form II is also referred to as ت ف ع يل,ب اب because some texts refer to the augmented verbs with their د ر. patternم ص LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 13
14 ل ع ا ف ب اب ف اع ل III More on Form الف ع ل الم اض ي الف ع ل الم ض ار ع ف ع ل الا م ر الم ص د ر ا س م الف اع ل ا س م الم ف ع ول ف اع ل ي ف اع ل ع ل فا م ف اع ل م ف اع ل ف ع ال م ف اع ل ة - م ج اه د ج ه ا د ج اه د ي ج اه د ه د جا ط ب خا ب ي خ اط خ ط ا ب خ اط ب م خ اط ب ب م خ اط ش اه د ي ش اه د ه د شا م ش اه د م ش اه د م ش اه د ة م ب ار ك م ب ار ك م ب ار ك ة ب ار ك ي ب ار ك ر ك با م ن اف ق ن ف ا ق ن اف ق ي ن اف ق ف ق نا ب اب م ف اع ل ة or ب اب ف ع ا ل Form III is also referred to as LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 14
15 ا ف ع ل ب اب اف ع ل IV More on Form الف ع ل الم اض ي الف ع ل الم ض ار ع ف ع ل الا م ر الم ص د ر ا س م الف اع ل ا س م الم ف ع ول م ف ع ل م ف ع ل ا ف ع ا ل ا ف ع ل ي ف ع ل ا ف ع ل - م س ل م ا س ل ا م ا س ل م ي س ل م ا س ل م م خ ر ج م خ ر ج ا خ ر ا ج ا خ ر ج ي خ ر ج ا خ ر ج م ص ل ح م ص ل ح ا ص ل ا ح ا ص ل ح ي ص ل ح ا ص ل ح م ن ز ل م ن ز ل ا ن ز ا ل ا ن ز ل ي ن ز ل ا ن ز ل م ر س ل م ر س ل ا ر س ا ل ا ر س ل ي ر س ل ا ر س ل.ب اب ا ف ع ا لas Form IV is also referred to LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 15
16 ك ت ف ع ع ل ب اب V More on Form ل ع ف ت الف ع ل الم اض ي الف ع ل الم ض ار ع ف ع ل الا م ر الم ص د ر ا س م الف اع ل ا س م الم ف ع ول م ت ف ع ل م ت ف ع ل ت ف ع ل ت ف ع ل ي ت ف ع ل ل ع ف ت م ت ك ل م م ت ك ل م ت ك ل م ت ك ل م ي ت ك ل م م كل ت - م ت ف ك ر ت ف ك ر ت ف ك ر ي ت ف ك ر ر ف ت م ت و ك ل م ت و ك ل ت و ك ل ت و ك ل ي ت و ك ل ل وك ت م ت ع ل م م ت ع ل م ت ع ل م ت ع ل م ي ت ع ل م م عل ت م ت ن ز ل م ت ن ز ل ت ن ز ل ت ن ز ل ي ت ن ز ل ل ز ن ت.ب اب ت ف ع لas Form V is also referred to LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 16
17 ت ف ا ع ل ب اب ت فاع ل VI More on Form الف ع ل الم اض ي الف ع ل الم ض ار ع ف ع ل الا م ر الم ص د ر ا س م الف اع ل ا س م الم ف ع ول م ت ف اع ل م ت ف اع ل ت ف اع ل ت ف اع ل ي ت ف اع ل فاع ل ت - ساء ل ت ت س اء ل ت س اء ل ي ت س اء ل م ت س اء ل ت م ار ض ي ت م ار ض ت م ار ض ت م ار ض م ت م ار ض م ت ع او ن م ت ع او ن ت ع او ن ت ع او ن ي ت ع او ن عاو ن ت ي ت ك اث ر كاث ر ت ت ك اث ر ت ك اث ر م ت ك اث ر م ت ك اث ر م ت ع ار ف م ت ع ار ف ت ع ار ف ت ع ار ف ي ت ع ار ف عار ف ت.ب اب ت ف اع لas Form VI is also referred to LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 17
18 ب اب ٱ ن ف ع ل VII More on Form ٱ ن ف ع ل الف ع ل الم اض ي الف ع ل الم ض ار ع ف ع ل الا م ر الم ص د ر ا س م الف اع ل ا س م الم ف ع ول م ن ف ع ل ٱ ن ف ع ا ل ٱ ن ف ع ل ي ن ف ع ل ٱ ن ف ع ل - م ن ق ل ب ٱ ن ق ل ا ب ٱ ن ق ل ب ي ن ق ل ب ٱ ن ق ل ب ٱ ن ك س ر ي ن ك س ر ٱ ن ك س ر م ن ك س ر ٱ ن ك س ا ر ٱ ن ك ش ف ي ن ك ش ف ٱ ن ك ش ف ٱ ن ك ش ا ف م ن ك ش ف ٱ ن ص ر ف ي ن ص ر ف ٱ ن ص ر ف ٱ ن ص ر ا ف م ن ص ر ف م ن ف ر د ٱ ن ف ر ا د ٱ ن ف ر د ي ن ف ر د ٱ ن ف ر د.ب اب ٱ ن ف ع ا لas Form VII is also referred to LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 18
19 ف ب اب ٱ ف تع ل VIII More on Form ل ع ت ف ٱ الف ع ل الم اض ي الف ع ل الم ض ار ع ف ع ل الا م ر الم ص د ر ا س م الف اع ل ا س م الم ف ع ول م ف ت ع ل م ف ت ع ل ٱ ف ت ع ا ل ٱ ف ت ع ل ي ف ت ع ل تع ل ٱ - ٱ ج ت م ع ي ج ت م ع تم ع ج ٱ م ج ت م ع ٱ ج ت م ا ع ٱ ش ت ر ك ي ش ت ر ك تر ك ش ٱ م ش ت ر ك م ش ت ر ك ٱ ش ت ر ا ك جت ن ب ٱ ي ج ت ن ب ٱ ج ت ن ب ٱ ج ت ن ا ب م ج ت ن ب م ج ت ن ب خت ل ف ٱ ي خ ت ل ف ٱ خ ت ل ف ٱ خ ت ل ا ف م خ ت ل ف حت س ب ٱ ي ح ت س ب ٱ ح ت س ب ٱ ح ت س ا ب م ح ت س ب م ح ت س ب.ب اب ٱ ف ت ع ا لas Form VIII is also referred to LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 19
20 ب اب ٱ س تف ع ل X More on Form ٱ س ت ف ع ل الف ع ل الم اض ي الف ع ل الم ض ار ع ف ع ل الا م ر الم ص د ر ا س م الف اع ل ا س م الم ف ع ول ٱ س ت ف ع ل ي س ت ف ع ل ٱ س ت ف ع ل ٱ س ت ف ع ا ل م س ت ف ع ل م س ت ف ع ل ي س ت غ ف ر ٱ س ت غ ف ر ٱ س ت غ ف ر م س ت غ ف ر ٱ س ت غ ف ا ر م س ت غ ف ر ٱ س ت ك ب ر ي س ت ك ب ر ٱ س ت ك ب ر ٱ س ت ك ب ا ر م س ت ك ب ر م س ت ك ب ر ٱ س ت ع ا ن ٱ س ت ع ان ة ٱ س ت ع ن ي س ت ع ي ن م س ت ع ي ن م س ت ع ا ن ٱ س ت خ ر ج ي س ت خ ر ج ٱ س ت خ ر ج ٱ س ت خ ر ا ج م س ت خ ر ج م س ت خ ر ج ٱ س ت ق ب ل ي س ت ق ب ل ٱ س ت ق ب ل ٱ س ت ق ب ا ل م س ت ق ب ل م س ت ق ب ل.ب اب ٱ س ت ف ع ا ل Form X is also referred to as LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 20
21 ف Augmented Three Letter Verb Chart ٱ ٱ ٱ ف ع ا ف ع ع ل ل ا ف ع ل ت ف ع ع ل ت ف ا ع ل ن ف ع ل ٱ ف ت ع ل ل ل ع ف س ت ف ع ل الف ع ل الم اض ي الف ع ل الم ض ار ع الف ع ل الم ص د ر الا م ر ا س م الف اع ل ا س م الم ف ع ول م ف ع ل م ف ع ل ت ف ع يل ف ع ل ي ف ع ل ف ع ل م ف اع ل م ف اع ل ف ع ال م ف اع ل ة ف اع ل ي ف اع ل فا ع ل م ف ع ل م ف ع ل ا ف ع ال ا ف ع ل ي ف ع ل ا ف ع ل م ت ف ع ل م ت ف ع ل ت ف ع ل ت ف ع ل ي ت ف ع ل ت ف ع ل م ت ف اع ل م ت ف اع ل ت ف اع ل ت ف اع ل ي ت ف اع ل ت فاع ل م ن ف ع ل ٱ ن ف ع ال ٱ ن ف ع ل ي ن ف ع ل ٱ ن ف ع ل م ف ت ع ل م ف ت ع ل ٱ ف ت ع ال ٱ ف ت ع ل ي ف ت ع ل ٱ تع ل م ف ع ل ٱ ف ع ل ال ٱ ف ع ل ي ف ع ل ٱ ف ع ل م س ت ف ع ل م س ت ف ع ل ٱ س ت ف ع ال ٱ س ت ف ع ل ي س ت ف ع ل ٱ س ت ف ع ل Form II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 21
22 Classification of Verbs م ج ر د ث ل اث ي م ز يد ث ل اث ي ي م ج ر د ر ب اع ي م ز يد ر ب اع ا ف ت ع ل VIII ا ف ع ل IX ت ف ع ل V ت ف اع ل VI ف ع ل II ف اع ل III ف ع ل ي فع ل ف ع ل ي فع ل ي فع ل ف ع ل ف ع ل ي فع ل ف ع ل ي فع ل ا ن ف ع ل ا ف ع ل ف عل ف ع ل ي فع ل ل ا س ت ف ع ل ف عل ل ت ف عل ل ا فع نل ل افع ل ل ا فع ل ل X VII IV ص ح يح م عت ل س ال م م ض اع ف م هم وز الف اء م هم وز الع ين م هم وز الل ام م عت ل الف اء (م ث ال ) م عت ل الع ين (ا جو ف ( م عت ل الل ام (ن اق ص ) ل ف يف م فر وق ل ف يف م قر ون LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 22
23 An Intermediate Dictionary of Verb Conjugation - Numbering ۱ م ج ر د ث ل اث ي ٤ ۱ ف ع ل ي فع ل ف ع ل ي فع ل ٥ ۲ ف ع ل ي فع ل ف ع ل ي فع ل ٦ ۳ ف عل ف ع ل ي فع ل ل ي فع ل ف ع ل ف ع ل ۰ م ز يد ث ل اث ي ي م ج ر د ر ب اع ي II ف اع ل ۱ III ا ف ع ل ۲ ت ف ع ل ۳ V ت ف اع ل ٤ VI ا ن ف ع ل ٥ ا ف ت ع ل ٦ VIII ا ف ع ل ٧ IX ا س ت ف ع ل ٨ ف عل ل م ز يد ر ب اع ت ف عل ل ا فع نل ل افع ل ل ا فع ل ل ٤ ۱ ۲ ۳ ۱ ۳ X VII IV ۲ س ال م م ض اع ف ص ح يح ۲ ۳ ٤ م هم وز الف اء م هم وز الع ين م هم وز الل ام (م ث ال ) م عت ل الف اء ٦ م عت ل الع ين (ا جو ف ( م عت ل الل ام (ن اق ص ) ٧ م عت ل ل ف يف م فر وق ل ف يف م قر ون ٨ ٩ ٥ ۰ ۱ LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 23
24 ) ك ت ب ( Example Classification of Verbs ۱ ۱ ۰ ۱ م ج ر د ث ل اث ي ٤ ۱ ف ع ل ي فع ل ف ع ل ي فع ل ٥ ۲ ف ع ل ي فع ل ف ع ل ي فع ل ٦ ۳ ف عل ف ع ل ي فع ل ل ي فع ل ف ع ل ف ع ل ۰ م ز يد ث ل اث ي ي م ج ر د ر ب اع ي II ف اع ل ۱ III ا ف ع ل ۲ ت ف ع ل ۳ V ت ف اع ل ٤ VI ا ن ف ع ل ٥ ا ف ت ع ل ٦ VIII ا ف ع ل ٧ IX ا س ت ف ع ل ٨ ف عل ل م ز يد ر ب اع ت ف عل ل ا فع نل ل افع ل ل ا فع ل ل ٤ ۱ ۲ ۳ ۱ ۳ X VII IV ۲ س ال م م ض اع ف ص ح يح ۲ ۳ ٤ م هم وز الف اء م هم وز الع ين م هم وز الل ام (م ث ال ) م عت ل الف اء ٦ م عت ل الع ين (ا جو ف ( م عت ل الل ام (ن اق ص ) ٧ م عت ل ل ف يف م فر وق ل ف يف م قر ون ٨ ٩ ٥ ۰ ۱ LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 24
25 ) و ج د ) Classification of Verbs Example ۱ ۲ ٥ ۱ م ج ر د ث ل اث ي ٤ ۱ ف ع ل ي فع ل ف ع ل ي فع ل ٥ ۲ ف ع ل ي فع ل ف ع ل ي فع ل ٦ ۳ ف عل ف ع ل ي فع ل ل ي فع ل ف ع ل ف ع ل ۰ م ز يد ث ل اث ي ي م ج ر د ر ب اع ي II ف اع ل ۱ III ا ف ع ل ۲ ت ف ع ل ۳ V ت ف اع ل ٤ VI ا ن ف ع ل ٥ ا ف ت ع ل ٦ VIII ا ف ع ل ٧ IX ا س ت ف ع ل ٨ ف عل ل م ز يد ر ب اع ت ف عل ل ا فع نل ل افع ل ل ا فع ل ل ٤ ۱ ۲ ۳ ۱ ۳ X VII IV ۲ س ال م م ض اع ف ص ح يح ۲ ۳ ٤ م هم وز الف اء م هم وز الع ين م هم وز الل ام (م ث ال ) م عت ل الف اء ٦ م عت ل الع ين (ا جو ف ( م عت ل الل ام (ن اق ص ) ٧ م عت ل ل ف يف م فر وق ل ف يف م قر ون ٨ ٩ ٥ ۰ ۱ LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 25
26 ۱ ۱ ٦ (ق ال ) Classification of Verbs Example ۱ م ج ر د ث ل اث ي ٤ ۱ ف ع ل ي فع ل ف ع ل ي فع ل ٥ ۲ ف ع ل ي فع ل ف ع ل ي فع ل ٦ ۳ ف عل ف ع ل ي فع ل ل ي فع ل ف ع ل ف ع ل ۰ م ز يد ث ل اث ي ي م ج ر د ر ب اع ي II ف اع ل ۱ III ا ف ع ل ۲ ت ف ع ل ۳ V ت ف اع ل ٤ VI ا ن ف ع ل ٥ ا ف ت ع ل ٦ VIII ا ف ع ل ٧ IX ا س ت ف ع ل ٨ ف عل ل م ز يد ر ب اع ت ف عل ل ا فع نل ل افع ل ل ا فع ل ل ٤ ۱ ۲ ۳ ۱ ۳ X VII IV ۲ س ال م م ض اع ف ص ح يح ۲ ۳ ٤ م هم وز الف اء م هم وز الع ين م هم وز الل ام (م ث ال ) م عت ل الف اء ٦ م عت ل الع ين (ا جو ف ( م عت ل الل ام (ن اق ص ) ٧ م عت ل ل ف يف م فر وق ل ف يف م قر ون ٨ ٩ ٥ ۰ ۱ LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 26
27 ۲ ۰ ۰ (ق د ر ) Classification of Verbs Example ۱ م ج ر د ث ل اث ي ٤ ۱ ف ع ل ي فع ل ف ع ل ي فع ل ٥ ۲ ف ع ل ي فع ل ف ع ل ي فع ل ٦ ۳ ف عل ف ع ل ي فع ل ل ي فع ل ف ع ل ف ع ل ۰ م ز يد ث ل اث ي ي م ج ر د ر ب اع ي II ف اع ل ۱ III ا ف ع ل ۲ ت ف ع ل ۳ V ت ف اع ل ٤ VI ا ن ف ع ل ٥ ا ف ت ع ل ٦ VIII ا ف ع ل ٧ IX ا س ت ف ع ل ٨ ف عل ل م ز يد ر ب اع ت ف عل ل ا فع نل ل افع ل ل ا فع ل ل ٤ ۱ ۲ ۳ ۱ ۳ X VII IV ۲ س ال م م ض اع ف ص ح يح ۲ ۳ ٤ م هم وز الف اء م هم وز الع ين م هم وز الل ام (م ث ال ) م عت ل الف اء ٦ م عت ل الع ين (ا جو ف ( م عت ل الل ام (ن اق ص ) ٧ م عت ل ل ف يف م فر وق ل ف يف م قر ون ٨ ٩ ٥ ۰ ۱ LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 27
28 Noun s Declensions and Non-Declensions A noun, when used in a sentence, must be in one of the three cases; وب,م ر ف وع orم ن ص ر ور.م ج This is called Noun Declension and it establishes the function of that noun in the sentence. The noun declension is usually indicated by the noun ending. While most nouns decline, some do not. And the ones which decline, have different signs of declension. Nouns are classified according to their declension or non-declension as follows: There is no changein the endings of these nouns to indicate their function. اسم Noun There is a changein the endings of these nouns to indicate their function in the sentence. م ب ن ي Non-Declinable م ع ر ب Declinable Declinable nouns are divided into three sub- types depending upon the type of their endings Majority of Arabic nouns are declinable with primary endings. These endings are considered the rule, while all others are exceptions Latent Endings الا ع ر اب الت ق د ير ي ة Secondary Endings الا ع ر اب الف ر ع ي ة Primary Endings الا ع ر اب الا ص ل ي ة The nouns which are non-declinable or declinable with secondary or latent endings are exceptions and are described in more detail in the subsequent pages. م ر ف وع for الض م ة م ن ص وب for ال ف ت ح ة م ج ر ور for ال ك س ر ة These are declinable nouns, but they decline with nonprimary endings. For some declinable nouns, their endings are hidden and are estimated according to their function. LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 28
29 م ب ن ي Non-Declinable اسم Noun م ب ن ي Non-Declinable م ع ر ب Declinable Secondary Endings الا ع ر اب الف ر ع ي ة Primary Endings Latent Endings الا ع ر اب الت ق د ير ي ة الا ع ر اب الا ص ل ي ة Pronouns الض م ائ ر Demonstrative Pronouns ا س م اء الا ش ار ة Relative Pronouns The dual forms in these two cases are not andم ب ن ي are fully ه ذ ان ه ات ان E.g, declinable. declinable. are الل ذ ان الل ت ان ه و ه ذ ا ا ن ت ن ح ن ك ت ا به ا م ني ا ن ك ذ ه بت م ي ذ ه بو ن ه ذ ه ذ ال ك ت ل ك ه ؤ ل اء ا ول ئ ك الا س م اء الم و ص ول ة Interrogative Nouns ا س م اء الا س ت ف ه ام Some Adverbs ب ع ض الظ ر وف Verb-Nouns (Interjections) ا س م اء الا فع ال Compound Numbers الا ع د اد الم ر ك ب ة م ن ا ذ ا ال ذ ي ا ي ن الا ال ت ي م ا ن ال ذ ين م ت ى ح ي ث In the compound number twelve ( only the second part is,(ا ث ن ا ع ش ر while the first part is,م ب ن ي م ع ر ب (declinable); i.e., ا ث ن ا م ع ر ب م ب ن ي ع ش ر ا ح د ع ش ر ا م ين ا ف ا ه ت س ع ة ع ش ر ك ي ف ا م س الث ال ث ع ش ر LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 29
30 Key: Primary Ending Secondary Ending الا ع ر اب الف ر ع ي ة - Endings Secondary اسم Noun م ع ر ب Declinable م ب ن ي Non-Declinable Primary Endings Latent Endings الا ع ر اب الت ق د ير ي ة Secondary Endings الا ع ر اب الف ر ع ي ة الا ع ر اب ع ل ام ة الا ص ل ي ة الر ف ع ع ل ام ة الن ص ب ع ل ام ة ال ج ر Sound Feminine Plural 1 م ع ال م ؤ ن ث الم ؤ ن ث الس الم ال م ج Diptote ال م م ن وع م ن الص ر ف Five (Special) Nouns ال ا س م اء ال خ م س ة Sound masculine Plural ج م ع ال م ذ ك ر الس ال م ال ك س ر ة الض م ة ال ك س ر ة س ل م ت ع ل ى الط ال ب ا ت ت الط ال ب ا ر ا ي ت اء ت الط ال ب ات ج الض م ة ال ف ت ح ة ال ف ت ح ة ر ا ي ت ا ب ر اه يم س ل م ت ع ل ى ا ب ر اه ي م ج اء ا ب ر اه يم ال و او ال ا ل ف ال ي اء ج اء ا ب و ح ام د ر ا ي ت ا با ح ام د س ل م ت ع ل ى ا ب ي ح ام د ال و او ال ي اء ال ي اء ج اء ال م د ر س و ن ر ا ي ت ال م د ر سي ن س ل م ت ع ل ى ال م د ر سي ن ال ا ل ف ال ي اء ال ي اء ج اء ال و ال د ا ن ر ا ي ت ال و ال دي ن س ل م ت ع ل ى ال و ال دي ن Dual ال م ث ن ى Only when they are م ض اف to anything other ي اء ال م ت ك ل م than LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 30
31 الا ع ر اب الت ق د ير ي ة - Endings Latent Secondary Endings الا ع ر اب الف ر ع ي ة اسم Noun Primary Endings م ع ر ب Declinable ع ل ام ة الا الر ف ع ع ر اب الا ص ل ي ة ع ل ام ة الن ص ب م ب ن ي Non-Declinable ع ل ام ة ال ج ر Key: Primary Ending Latent Ending The latent (estimated) ending is shown in the cloud label Latent Endings الا ع ر اب الت ق د ير ي ة The Maqsûr 1 ال م ق ص ور الض م ة ال م ق د ر ة ال ف ت ح ة ال م ق د ر ة ال ك س ر ة ال م ق د ر ة ل م ت ع ل ى ال ف تى ال ف ت ى ر ا ي ت س اء ال ف ت ى ج الض م ة ال م ق د ر ة ال ف ت ح ة ال ك س ر ة ال م ق د ر ة ر ا ي ت ال ق اض ي ل م ت ع ل ى ال ق ا ضي س ج اء ال ق اض ي م ة ال م ق د ر ة ال ف ت ح ة ال م ق د ر ة ال ك س ر ة ال م ق د ر ة الض ج اء ا س ت ا ذي ر ا ي ت ا س ت ا ذي س ل م ت ع ل ى ا س ت ا ذي The Manqûs ال م ن ق وص Mudâfof the IstPerson Singular Pronoun ال م ض اف ا ل ى ي اء الم ت ك ل م 2 3 :ال م ق ص ور ر ر Maqsûr The ال ع ص ا الص ف ا ال ف ت ى ال م س ت ش ف ى الا ن ث ى e.g., It is a noun ending in a long â, ال م ن ق وص ص Manqûs The :ال م ن ق و It is a noun ending in an original yâand the letter before the yâhas a ال ق اض ي ال م ح ام ي ال و اد ي e.g., kasrah LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 31
32 Summary - Noun Declensions and Non-Declensions اسم Noun م ب ن ي Non-Declinable م ع ر ب Declinable Latent Endings الا ع ر اب الت ق د ير ي ة Secondary Endings الا ع ر اب الف ر ع ي ة Primary Endings الا ع ر اب الا ص ل ي ة Sound Feminine Plural The Maqsûr ال م ق ص ور م ع ال م ؤ ن ث الم ؤ ن ث الس الم ال م ج Pronouns الض م ائ ر Demonstrative Pronouns ا س م اء الا ش ار ة Relative Pronouns Majority of Arabic nouns belong to this category. Their endings are considered primary (or original) as they define the basic rules of noun declension. These endings are: Diptote ال م م ن وع م ن الص ر ف Five (Special) Nouns ال ا س م اء ال خ م س ة Sound masculine Plural ج م ع ال م ذ ك ر الس ال م الا س م اء الم و ص ول ة Interrogative Nouns ا س م اء الا س ت ف ه ام Some Adverbs ب ع ض الظ ر وف Verb-Nouns ا س م اء الا فع ال Compound Numbers الا ع د اد الم ر ك ب ة م ر ف وع for الض م ة م ن ص وب for ال ف ت ح ة م ج ر ور for ال ك س ر ة Dual ال م ث ن ى The Manqûs ال م ن ق وص Mudâfof the IstPerson Singular Pronoun ال م ض اف ا ل ى ي اء الم ت ك ل م LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 32
33 ا د اة الش رط ا ذ ا س م ع وا الش رط And when they hear ill speech, they turn away from it.... القصص: ٥٥ (28:55) و ا ذ ا س م ع وا ٱلل غ و ا ع ر ض وا ع ن ه Answer to the Condition الش رط ف عل الش رط ٱلل غ و ج و اب الش ر ط ع ن ه ا ع ر ض وا ج و اب الش رط ج و اب is ا ع ر ض وا ع نه In this example الش رط can be a nominal or ج و اب الش رط verbal sentence. م ض ار ع مضار ع than,ج از م,جاز م is ا د اة ا داة الش رط If ف عل م جز وم will become,<ف < a is prefixed with ج و اب الش رط if it meets certain conditions. E.g., if it is a nominal sentence or there is in it. For a complete list, see ط ل ب subsequent pages <ف < a isج prefixed with و اب الش رط If Verb of the Condition ف عل الش رط is س م ع وا In this example ف عل م اض will always be ف عل الش رط ف عل م ض ار ع or ف عل than,ج از م is ا د اة الش رط If م جز وم will become م ض ار ع Instrument of the Condition ا د اة الش رط is ا ذا In this example ش رط signifies a ا د اة الش رط (conditional clause), and there are many ا د و ات الش رط (instruments of condition) Generally ا د اة الش رط belongs to one of two categories: o ج از م : Ones, which change the,ج و اب الش رط and الش رط verb in م جز وم to o غ ير ج از م : Ones, which do not change the verbs in الش رط and ا ذا.م جز وم to,ج و اب الش رط belongs to this group changes the meaning of ا د اة الش رط future, to ج و اب الش رط and الش رط ف عل م اض even if the verbs are ١) ا م ر (ف عل ا مر ا و ل ام ا مر ) ٢) ن ه ى (ل ا الن اه ي ة ) ٣) ا ست فه ام,م جز وم is not made ف عل م ض ار ع the ج از م isا د اة الش رط even if the See subsequent pages for more details LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 33
34 ا د و ات الش رط - Condition Instruments of When Our verses are recited to him, he says, "Legends of the former peoples." (68:15) ا د و ات الش رط Two categories of ا ذ ا ا ذ ا ت ت ل ى ع ل ي ه ا ي ات ن ا ق ال ا س اط ير ال ا و ل ي ن القلم: ١٥ If, When غ ير ج از م ۱ Neither of the two verbs is (ج و اب الش رط or ف عل الش ر ط ( م جز وم made If you go, I (will) go Whatever you drink, I (will) drink ا ن م ن ا ذه ب ت ذه ب ا ن If Whoever م ا Whatever م ت ى Whenever ف عل الش ر ط ( verbs ۲ Both the ج از م ا ي Whichever ا ين /ا ين م ا Wherever م هم ا م جز وم م ا ت شر ب ا شر ب م جز وم Whatever and و اب الش رط (ج are made.م جز وم It )ت جز م makes two ف عل ين (م جز وم verbs LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 34
35 ا د و ات الش رط - Condition Instruments of When Ramadan comes, doors of the Paradise are opened ا ذ ا غ ير ج از م ا ذ ا ج اء ر م ض ان ف ت ح ت ا بو اب الج ن ة if you support Allah, He will support you and plant firmly ت جز م ف عل ين ج از م جاز م م ت ى ا ين /ا ين م ا م هم ا ا ن م ن م ا ا ي your feet (47:7) ا ن ت نص ر وا الل ه ي نص ر ك م و ي ث ب ت ا ق د ام ك م محمد: ٧ Whoever does an atom s weight of good, shall see it (99:7) ف م ن ي عم ل م ثق ال ذ ر ة خ ير ا الزلزلة: ٧ ي ر ه And whatever good you do, Allah و م ا ت ف ع ل وا م ن خ ي ر ي ع ل م ه الل ه (2:197) it knows البقرة: ١٩٧ Whichever dictionary we find ف ي الم كت ب ة ن شت ر ه ا ي م عج م ن ج د ه in the bookshop, we will buy it Whenever you travel, I (will) travel م ت ى ت س اف ر ا ساف ر Wherever you stay, I (will) stay (there) ا ين ت سك ن ا سك ن م جز وم Whatever you say, د ق ك م هم ا ت ق ل ن ص we believe you LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 35
36 د خ ول الف اء ع ل ى ج و اب الش رط conditions. if it meets certain,ف shouldج be preceded with و اب الش رط ف it will be preceded with a,ج مل ة ا سم ي ة isج a و اب الش رط For example, if AndifMy slave asks you about Me, than surely I am near (2:186) الش رط و ا ذ ا س ا ل ك ع ب اد ي ع ن ي ج و اب الش ر ط ف ف ا ن ي ق ر ي ب البقرة: ١٨٦ ف it will be preceded with a,(ا م ر ن ه ي ا ست فه ام )ط ل ب contains a ج و اب الش رط Also, if IfI see Bilal, what should I tell him الش رط ا ذ ا ر ا يت ب ل ال ا ج و اب الش ر ط ف م اذ ا ا ق ول ل ه There are other conditions which require ج و اب الش رط to be preceded with.ف These are described in subsequent pages. LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 36
37 د خ ول الف اء ع ل ى ج و اب الش رط conditions: meets one of the following (ج و اب الش رط ( it if,ف shouldج be preceded with و اب الش رط Whoever obeys Allah and His messenger, has indeed achieved a great success (33:71) و م ن ي ط ع الل ه و ر س ول ه ف ق د ف از ف وز ا ع ظ يم ا الا حزاب :٧١ If you travel, I will (also) travel م ن ا ف ل ي س م ن غ ش ن ا ج مل ة ا سم ي ة ج جام د ف عل ط ل ب ي ة ا مر ن ه ي ا ست فه ا م ق د ك ا ن م ا ك ا ن ما ل ن س س وف سوف م ا الن اف ي ة ر ف ا ن ت س اف ر س ا س اف Whatever the circumstances be, I do not lie Whoever deceives us, is not one of us ا ذ ا ر ا يت ح ام د ا ع ن م وع د الس فر ف سا ل ه م هم ا ت ك ن الظ ر وف ب ا كذ ف م ا If you see Hamid, ask him about the time of departure Whoever puts on silk (dress) in this world, will not put it on in the Hereafter If you find the patient sleeping, don t wake him up ا ذ ا و ج دت م ر يض ا ن ائ م ا ه ف ل ا ت وق ظ م ن ل ب س الح ر ير ف ي الد ني ا ف ل ن ي لب س ه ف ي الا خ ر ة ا م ر or م ض ار ع These have no.ل يس ع س ى e.g. is a verb having only one form, ف عل ج ام د LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 37
38 د خ ول الف اء ع ل ى ج و اب الش رط ج از م is ا د اة الش رط even if م جز وم its verb will not be,ف is preceded with ج و اب الش رط Once ا د اة الش رط ج از م ت جز م ف عل ين م رف و ع م جز و م ر س ا س اف ف ا ن ت س اف ر If you travel, I will (also) travel ف ي م ح ل ج زم isج said to be و اب الش رط In this case, the whole If, in the above example, wasس not used in the و اب الش رط,ج it will cause ف to be dropped, which will result in the verb in و اب الش رط toج be,م جز وم as shown below: ا د اة الش رط ج از م ت جز م ف عل ين م جز و م م جز و م ا س اف ر ا ن ت س اف ر If you travel, I (will also) travel LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 38
39 الم فع ول الم طل ق Object The Absolute Bilalbeat me ض ر ب ا ض ر ب ن ي ب ل ال a beating of the verb occurring in the sentence used along with the م صد ر isالم فع ول a الم طل ق.م نص وب verb, for the sake of emphasis. It is always الم فع ول الم طل ق Four Uses of The book was printed ل ب ي ان الع د د ل ت ا ك يد الم ع ن ى To specify the number To emphasize the meaning And Allah spoke to Mûsâ directly النساء: ١٦٤ و ك ل م الل ه م وس ى ت كل يم ا twice ط ب ع الك ت اب ط بع ت ين Here the isم صد ر a substitute for,ا شك ر the verb which is omitted I thank you ش كر ا ل ب ي ان الن وع الم صد ر الن ائ ب ع ن ف عل ه As a substitute for its verb To specify the type of action He died the death of martyrs م ات م وت الش ه د اء In this case, only the isم صد ر used and the verb is omitted LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 39
40 م ا ن اب ع ن الم صد ر Masdar Deputies of the The following words deputize for andم صد ر are therefore وب.م نص These are grammatically.الم فع ول الم طل ق regarded as ك ل و ب عض و ا ي م ض اف ة ا ل ى الم صد ر Words ب عض ا ي withك ل the asم صد ر their م ض اف ا ل يه ص ف ت ه ع د د ه A number with the ت مي يز as its م صد ر ٤ ا سم الم صد ر ٦ ۲ Flog them eighty stripes I know him fully well ا عر ف ه ك ل الم عر ف ة النور: ٤ ف اجل د وه م ث م ان ين ج لد ة He spoke to me harsh words ك ل ام ا ش د يد ا ك ل م ن ي This is for I understood the lesson very well LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 40 ۱ ۳ ي ل اق يه ف ي الا شت ق اق ٥ م صد ر الع ائ د ا ل يه ٧ ض م ير ه ا سم الا ش ار ة A demonstrative pronoun ب د ل as its م صد ر with the ٨ م ر اد ف ه A synonym of م صد ر the Do you accord me this kind of reception? ا ت ست قب ل ن ي ه ذ ا الا ست قب ال I lived a happy life ع شت ح ي اة س ع يد ة And you love wealth with an ف ه مت الد رس ج ي د ا الفجر: ٢٠ ف ه مت الد رس ف هم ا ج ي د ا abounding love و ت ح ب ون الم ال ح ب ا ج م ا I worked hard in a way nobody else did ا جت ه دت ا جت ه اد ا ل م ي جت ه د ه غ ير ي See subsequent pages for more on these topics An adjective of the,م صد ر which itself is omitted م صد ر The cognate A pronoun referring م صد ر to the
41 * *** ** م صد ر ي ل اق يه ف ي الا شت ق اق Masdar The Cognate A cognate masdaris one which is not the masdarof the verb used in the sentence, but it is related to the verb in its common root. The following two situations apply: الف عل ث ل اث ي م ز يد ف يه الم صد ر ث ل اث ي م ج ر د الف عل ث ل اث ي م ز يد ف يه الم صد ر ث ل اث ي م ز يد ف ي ه ۲ ۱ From two different forms And devote yourself to Him with complete devotion And you love wealth with an abounding love الفجر: ٢٠ و ت ح ب ون الم ال ح ب ا ج م ا ا ل يه ت بت يل ا و ت ب ت ل المزمل: ٨ Form II ب ت ل ي ب ت ل Form IV ا ح ب ي ح ب (ث ل اث ي م ج ر د ( ح ب ي ح ب ح ب Masdar: ح ب ب Root: ا حب اب Masdar: ح ب ب Root: ت ب ت ي ل Masdar: ب ت ل Root: Form V ت ب ت ل ي ت ب ت ل ت ب ت ل Masdar: ب ت ل Root: Common root Common root * ** *** cog-nate-\ˈkäg-ˌnāt\: word related to another by common root ق ا شت ق اق : Derivation ل اق ى ي ل اق ي (Form III): To meet LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 41
42 ا سم الم صد ر It is a word that has the same meaning as the masdarbut has fewer letters than the masdar. Every verb has a masdar. But in the derived forms of verbs, i.e. ف يه,م ز يد there could be الم صد ر alongا سم with the regular masdar. Mostly Form II has الم صد ر onا سم the pattern of ف ع ال along with its.ت ف ع ي ل regular masdar on the pattern of الف عل الم صد ر ا سم الم صد ر س ل م ي س ل م ت س ل ي م س ل ام ا ذ ن ي ؤ ذ ن ت ا ذ ين ا ذ ان و د ع ي و د ع ت و د يع و د اع ط ل ق ي ط ل ق ت ط ل ي ق ط ل اق ك ل م ي ك ل م ت ك ل يم ك ل ام م ت ع ي م ت ع ت م ت ي ع م ت اع ص ل ى ي ص ل ي ت ص ل ي ة ص ل اة ق ب ل ي ق ب ل ت ق ب يل ق ب ل ة ت و ض ؤ و ض وء LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 42 ي ت و ض ا ت و ض ا ع ل ى و زن ع ل ى و زن ع ل ى و زن ف ع ال ف ع ل ة ف ع ول Number of letters in each word: 4 5 Form II Form V
43 ١ الق س م Oath The One of the important topics in Arabic is the Qasam م :الق س taking an oath to emphasize a point, a matter, or a statement, etc. It has its own rules. The following are the instruments of Qasam used to commence an oath: The word ا قس ام is not used frequently. Instead م,ق س which is its الم صد ر,اسم is used more often. ف ل ا ا ق س م ب ر ب ٱل م ش ر ق و ٱل م غ ر ب ۱ ا ن ا ل ق د ر ون المعارج: ٤٠ ا قس م ب و ب ت ا قس م / ي قس م م صد ر: ا قس ام These 3 particles are also used to commence an oath and act as ر وف ج ر,ح so the noun after them is.م جر ور They deputize for the verb م,ا قس which itself is not mentioned This particle is only used with و الع صر ا ن ٱل ا نس ن ل ف ى خ س ر ۲ ۳ ٤ ٢ و ق ال وا العصر: ب ع ز ة ف ر ع و ن ا ن ا ل ن ح ن ٱل غ ل ب و ن الشعراء: ٤٤ و ت ٱلل ه ل ا ك يد ن ا ص ن م ك م... الا نبياء: ٥٧ ر ب and الل ه This isل ا not related to the ل ا.ق س م is by itself. The beforeل ا the ا قس م is used to negate any idea, notion, ل ا thought or opinion in the minds of the listener(s) being addressed. The person initiating an oath uses before the instrument of oath to spell out that the matter is not as you think, but rather it is what he will /ل ا و الل ه (.ق س م state after taking the everyday conversations, one may hear hasل ا been used 8 times. Even in ا قس م ب Qur an, In the.(ل ا ا قس م ب الل ه ل ا و الل ه LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 43
44 ج و اب الق س م The م requiresالق س و اب الق س م,ج which may be الا سم ي ة orالج مل ة و اب الق س م.الج مل ة الف عل ي ة as,ج a rule, requires emphasis.there are instruments of emphasis, which one must understand to fully appreciate the power & ا ن شاء الل ه pages, We will study the instruments of emphasis on the next few.ج و اب الق س م force of ج و اب الق س م الج مل ة الا سم ي ة الج مل ة الف عل ي ة الم نف ي negative No emphasis required ف عل ه ا م اض ف عل ه ا م ض ار ع الم ثب ت الم نف ي الم ثب ت positive Requires emphasis الم نف ي negative No emphasis required الم ثب ت positive Requires emphasis negative positive The sentence in و اب الق س م canج be either (positive) or الم ثب ت 1. No emphasis required Requires emphasis (negative). The negative sentence الم نف ي 2. ل ا م ا has particles like LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 44
45 ٢ ١ ١ ١ ١ ١ الج مل ة الا سم ي ة when it is ج و اب الق س م Instruments of Emphasis in ج و اب الق س م it is emphasized using one of the following,الج مل ة الا سم ي ة الم ثب ت ة isج و اب الق س م When three instruments of emphasis الم ثب ت positive Requires emphasis الج مل ة الا سم ي ة ا ن مل ة الف عل ي ة ة الج Examples Instrument of Emphasis It is used inthe Qur an but less frequently ١ ا ن و ال ك ت اب ال م ب ين. ا ن ا ج ع ل ن اه ق ر ا ن ا ع ر ب ي ا ل ع ل ك م ت ع ق ل ون الزخرف: ٣ و ٱلض ح ى و ٱل ي ل ا ذ ا س ج ى... ٢ ل ام الا بت د اء و ل ل اخ ر ة خ ي ر ل ك م ن ٱل ا ول ى الضحى: ٤ It is used inthe Qur an but less frequently و الل ام الم ز حل ق ة و الع صر ا ن ٱل ا نس ن ل ف ى خ س ر العصر: و ٱل ي ل ا ذ ا ي غ ش ى... ا ن س ع ي ك م ل ش ت ى يس و ٱل ق ر ء ان ٱل ح ك يم ا ن ك ل م ن ٱل م ر س ل ي ن و ق ال وا ب ع ز ة ف ر ع و ن ا ن ا ل ن ح ن ٱل غ ل ب و ن ٢ They are used most frequently inthe Qur an for و اب الق س م.ج The combination of brings greater and و الل ام الم ز حل ق ة ا ن stronger emphasis than either 1 or 2, above, used by itself ٣ ٤ الليل: ٣ يس: الشعراء: ٤٤ الم نف ي negative No emphasis required When no emphasis is required ٢ ن و ٱل ق ل م و م ا ي س ط ر ون م ا ا نت ب ن ع م ة ر ب ك ب م ج ن ون القلم:,الج مل ة الا سم ي ة الم نف ي ة isج a و اب الق س م LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 45
46 ١ ١ ١ الج مل ة الف عل ي ة when it is ج و اب الق س م Instruments of Emphasis in When و اب الق س م isج الف عل ي ة ف عل ه ا م اض م ثب ت,الج مل ة it is emphasized ل ق د using ج و اب الق س م ل ق د الج مل ة الا سم ي ة الم نف ي Examples Instrumentof Emphasis ل :الل ام ف ي ج و اب الق س م ق د:ح رف ت حق يق و ٱلت ين و ٱلز ي ت ون و ط ور س ين ين... ل ق د خ ل ق ن ا ٱل ا نس ن ف ى ا ح س ن ت ق و ي م ٤ التين: الج مل ة الف عل ي ة ف عل ه ا م اض ف عل ه ا م ض ار ع الم ثب ت الم نف ي negative No emphasis required الم ثب ت positive Requires emphasis الم نف ي negative No emphasis required الم ثب ت positive Requires emphasis positive negative Please remember when a sentence commences with,ل ق د it means Requires No emphasis emphasis are some examples from the Qur an: required that it is ج و اب الق س م and م isالق س latent (present but invisible). Here و ل ق د خ ل ق ن ا ٱل ا نس ن و ن ع ل م م ا ت و س و س ب ه ۦ ن ف س ه ۥ و ن ح ن ا ق ر ب ا ل ي ه م ن ح ب ل ٱل و ر يد ق: ١٦ ر ل ق د ك ان ل ك م ف ى ر س ول ٱلل ه ا س و ة ح س ن ة ل م ن ك ان ي ر ج وا ٱلل ه و ٱل ي و م ٱل اخ و ذ ك ر ٱلل ه ك ث ير ا الا حزاب: ٢١ In such cases, i.e. when qasamis latent, we will analyze ل ق د as ل :ل ام الق س م ل ق س م م ق د ر ق د:ح رف ت حق يق و ٱلض ح ى و ٱل ي ل ا ذ ا س ج ى م ا و د ع ك ر ب ك و م ا ق ل ى ٣ الضحى: و ٱلن ج م ا ذ ا ه و ى م ا ض ل ص اح ب ك م و م ا غ و ى النجم: no emphasis is required,الج مل ة الف عل ي ة ف عل ه ا م اض م نف ي isج و اب الق س م ٢ When LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 46
47 ١ الج مل ة الف عل ي ة when it is ج و اب الق س م Instruments of Emphasis in الم نف ي negative No emphasis required الج مل ة الا سم ي ة ج و اب الق س م it is emphasized using one of the,الج مل ة الف عل ي ة ف عل ه ا م ض ار ع م ثب ت isج و اب الق س م الج مل ة الف عل ي ة When following instruments of emphasis Examples ل ا ك ي د و ت ٱلل ه الا نبياء: ٥٧ ن ا ص ن م ك م... Instrument of Emphasis The lâmis prefixed to apresent tense verb and the nûnis suffixed to it. These two instruments of emphasis الم نف ي are used together when: positive negative 1. The present tense verb denotes futurity and 2.The lâmis not separated Requires from the verb No emphasis emphasis This lâm is called ل ام ت ل ق ي الق س م (the lâmof receiving the required ن ف عل م ض ار ع ل ف عل ه ا م اض ف عل ه ا م ض ار ع الم ثب ت الم ثب ت positive Requires emphasis الم ثب ت positive ق ال ف ب ع ز ت ك ل ا غ و ي ن ه م ا ج م ع ين ا ل ا ع ب اد ك م ن ه م ٱل م خ ل ص ين Requires By Allah, I love you a emphasis lot الم نف ي negative No emphasis required ص: ٨٢ ٨٣ ل ا ح ب ك ك ث ير ا. و الل ه ن ون الت وك يد الث ق يل ة qasam) and the nûn is called LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 47 (١ ٢) و ٱلض ح ى و ٱل ي ل ا ذ ا س ج ى... و ل س و ف ي ع ط يك ر ب ك ف ت ر ض ى الضحى: ٥ Please remember if the mode of expression, + + ف عل م ض ار ع ل + Only the lâm( ت ل ق ي الق س م prefixed,(ل ام to a present tense verb, is used for emphasis when: 1.Either the present tense verb does not denote futurityor 2.The lâmis separated from the verb In both of these cases الن ون الث ق يل ة is not used., appears alone ل ا م ل ا ن e.g. ل +ف عل م ض ار ع+ن ل ا م ل ا then for sure it is ج و اب الق س م and the م isق س latent (present but invisible). ن ج ه ن م م نك و م م ن ت ب ع ك م ن ه م ا ج م ع ي ن ص: ٨٥ Qur an: Here is an example from the و ا ق س م وا ب ٱلل ه ج ه د ا ي م ن ه م ل ا ي ب ع ث ٱلل ه م ن ي م وت النحل: ٣٨ الج مل ة isج و اب الق س م When no,الف عل ي ة ف عل ه ا م ض ار ع م نف ي emphasis is required
48 Heavy Duty Nûn م ض ار ع ا م ر ه و ه م ا ه م ه ي ه م ا ه ن ا ن ت ا ن ت م ا ا ن ت م ا ن ت ا ن ت م ا ا ن ت ن ا ن ا ن ح ن ي ذ ه ب ي ذ ه ب ا ن ي ذ ه ب و ن ت ذ ه ب ت ذ ه ب ا ن ن ي ذ ه ب ت ذ ه ب ت ذ ه ب ا ن ت ذ ه ب و ن ت ذ ه ب ي ن ت ذ ه ب ا ن ت ذ ه ب ن ا ذ ه ب ن ذ ه ب ي ذ ه ب ن ت ذ ه ب ن ت ذ ه ب ن ا ذ ه ب ن ن ذ ه ب ن ي ذ ه ب ن ت ذ ه ب ن ت ذ ه ب ن ي ذ ه ب ا ت ذ ه ب ا ت ذ ه ب ا ت ذ ه ب ا ن ن ن ن ن نا ي ذ ه ب نا ن ت ذ ه ب ا ذ ه ب ن ا ذ ه ب ا ن ا ذ ه ب ن ا ذ ه ب ن ا ذ ه ب ا ن ا ذ ه ب نا ن ه و ه م ا ه م ه ي ه م ا ه ن ا ن ت ا ن ت م ا ا ن ت م ا ن ت ا ن ت م ا ا ن ت ن ا ن ا ن ح ن LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 48
49 ا جت م اع الق س م و الش رط qasam. combining )ا جت م اع the qasam with the shart) is another important grammatical element of the الق س م و الش رط ا ن ا ر دت ا ن ت در س الل غ ة الع ر ب ي ة ف ا ن ي م ست ع د الش ر ط و الل ه toق س this sentence by adding م Now let us join the و الل ه ا ن ا ر دت ا ن ت در س الل غ ة الع ر ب ي ة ا ن ي م ست ع د However, isو الل ه not commonly used. Instead the )ل letter lâm) ل ئ ن areا ن written as andل Together.ق س م is used and it denotes ل ئ ن ا ر دت ا ن ت در س الل غ ة الع ر ب ي ة ا ن ي م ست ع د This lâmis called الم وط ئ ة الموط ئ ة ل لق س ل لق سم الم و ط ئ ة الموط ئ ة ل لق س ل لق سم orالل ام The -الل ام lâmthat paves the way for the qasam. It is not qasamitself,but it is an indication of the qasam. Verb Type/Form Meaning To trample under the foot الم ث ال الو او ي و ط ئ ي ط ا walking on ground so that a ;(م ب ال غ ة Form II To trample continuously (intensiveaction وط ا ي و ط ئ ا سم الف اع ل : م و ط ئ walkable path is paved. The masdar ت وط ئ ة has come to mean introduction. ا وط ا ي وط ئ ا سم الف اع ل : Form IV Same meaning as in Form II م و ط ئ When the qasamis introduced to the shartsentence, the jawabshould conform to the qasamand not to the shart.now the و اب الش رط willج become و اب الق س م.ج Hence the thatف was in the و اب الش رط willج no longer be there.ج و اب الق س م in the LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 49
50 الق را ن الك ر يم in الل ام الم وط ئ ة ل لق س م Examples of qasam. The -الل ام lâmthat paves the way for the الم وط ئ ة ل لق س م It is not qasamitself, but it is an indication of the qasam.so wherever الم وط ئ ة ل لق س م isالل ام used, as in,ل ئ ن it means there is an implicit qasamthere. و الل ه be: If the statement is from anyone other than Allah, e.g. from the believers, the qasamcan be estimated to ا قس م ب ع ز ت ي و ج ل ال ي be: If the statement is from Allah, the qasamcan be estimated to ل ئ ن isالل ام used more than 60 times in the Qur an. Following are some examples of this lâmin the الم وط ئ ة ل لق س م ج و اب الق س م Qur an, grouped by the type of ٱت ب ع ت م ش ع ي ب ا ا ن ك م ا ذ ا ل خ س ر و ن ل : الل ام الم وط ئ ة ل لق س م ل ئ ن ق ال وا يوسف: ١٤ ا ذ ا : ح رف ج و اب ت ف يد الت وك يد مل ة الا الاسمي ة سم ي ة الم ثب ت ة is ج و اب الق س م When الج الا عراف: ٩٠ ا ك ل ه ٱلذ ئ ب و ن ح ن ع ص ب ة ا ن ا ا ذ ا ل خ س ر و ن و ل ئ ن ر ج ع ت ا ل ى ر ب ى ا ن ل ى ع ند ه ل ل ح س ن ى فصلت: ٥٠ و ل ئ ن ق ت ل ت م ف ى س ب يل ٱلل ه ا و م ت م ج و اب الق س م ا ن : ح رف ش رط ج از م ت جز م ف عل ين ل م غ ف ر ة م ن ٱلل ه و ر ح م ة خ ي ر م م ا ي ج م ع ون ا لعمران: ١٥٧ و ل ئ ن ص ب ر ت م ل ه و خ ي ر ل لص ب ر ي ن النحل: ١٢٦ و ل ئ ن ا ذ ق ن ا ٱل ا نس ن م ن ا ر ح م ة ث م ن ز ع ن ه ا م ن ه ا ن ه ل ي وس ك ف ور هود: ٩ LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 50
51 الق را ن الك ر يم in الل ام الم وط ئ ة ل لق س م Examples of و ل ئ ن الج مل ة الف عل ي ة ف عل ه ا م اض م نف ي is ج و اب الق س م When ز ال ت ا ا ن ا م س ك ه م ا م ن ا ح د م ن ب ع د ه ۦ و ل ئ ن ا ت ي ت ٱل ذ ين ا وت وا ٱل ك ت ب ب ك ل ء اي ة م ا ت ب ع وا ق ب ل ت ك... البقرة: ١٤٥ فاطر: ٤١ الج مل ة الا سم ي ة الم نف ي ة is ج و اب الق س م When و ل ئ ن ٱت ب ع ت ا ه و ا ء ه م ب ع د م ا ج ا ء ك م ن ٱل ع ل م م ا ل ك م ن ٱلل ه م ن و ل ى و ل ا و اق الرعد: ٣٧ و ل ئ ن ا ت ي ت ٱل ذ ين ا وت وا ٱل ك ت ب ب ك ل ء اي ة و اب: م ا ت ب ع وا ق ب ل ت ك ج و اب: و م ا ا نت ب ت اب ع ق ب ل ت ه م ج و م ا ب ع ض ه م ب ت اب ع ق ب ل ة ب ع ض و ل ئ ن ٱت ب ع ت ا ه و ا ء ه م م ن ب ع د م ا ج ا ء ك م ن ٱل ع ل م ا ن ك ا ذ ا ل م ن ٱلظ ل م ي ن ج و اب الج مل ة الف عل ي ة ف عل ه ا م اض م نف ي الج مل ة الا سم ي ة الم نف ي ة الم نف ي ت ة و اب ج ا ن : ح رف ن ف ي ا و ا ن الن اف ي ة = م ا الن اف ي ة Note that this verb is : ز ال ي ز ول to go off course, to deviate ك ان. i.eن اق ص it is sister of isز ال ي ز ال while,ت ام ت : ت اء الت ا ن يث ا: ا ل ف الا ثن ين ف ي م ح ل ر فع ف اع ل (الس م و ت و الا رض ( الج مل ة الف عل ي ة ف عل ه ا م ض ار ع م نف ي is ج و اب الق س م When ق ل ل ئ ن ٱج ت م ع ت ٱل ا نس و ٱل ج ن ع ل ى ا ن ي ا ت وا ب م ث ل ه ذ ا ٱل ق ر ء ان ل ا ي ا ت ون ب م ث ل ه الا سراء: ٨٨ ل ئ ن ا خ ر ج وا ل ا ي خ ر ج ون م ع ه م و ل ئ ن ق وت ل وا ل ا ي نص ر ون ه م الحشر: ١٢ البقرة: ١٤٥ و اب: الج مل ة الا سم ي ة الم ثب ت ة ج Note, if the sentence is negative, there is no need ج و اب الق س م for emphasis in the LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 51
52 ل ئ ن ق ال وا الق را ن الك ر يم in الل ام الم وط ئ ة ل لق س م Examples of When ج و اب الق س م is الج مل ة الف عل ي ة ف عل ه ا م ض ار ع م ثب ت (Its use in the Qur an is prolific) ل م ت نت ه ل ا ر ج م ن ك ل ئ ن الشعراء: ١٦٧ مريم: ٤٦ ل م ت نت ه ي ل وط ل ت ك ون ن م ن ٱل م خ ر ج ي ن و ا ذ ت ا ذ ن ر ب ك م ل ئ ن ش ك ر ت م ل ا ز يد ن ك م و ل ئ ن ك ف ر ت م ا ن ع ذ اب ى ل ش د ي د ابراهيم: ٧ و ل ق د ا وح ى ا ل ي ك و ا ل ى ٱل ذ ين م ن ق ب ل ك ل ئ ن ا ش ر ك ت ل ي ح ب ط ن ع م ل ك و ل ت ك ون ن م ن ٱل خ س ر ي ن الزمر: ٦٥ و ل ئ ن س ا ل ت ه م م ن خ ل ق ه م ل ي ق ول ن ٱلل ه و ل ئ ن م ت م ا و ق ت ل ت م ل ا ل ى ٱلل ه ت ح ش ر و ن الزخرف: ٨٧ ا ل عمران: ١٥٨ و ل ئ ن ل م ي ف ع ل م ا ء ام ر ه ل ي س ج ن ن و ل ي ك ون ا م ن ٱلص غ ر ين يوسف: ٣٢ ل : الل ام الم وط ئ ة ل لق س م : م ن ل م ن ا سم ش رط ج از م ت جز م ف عل ين ت ب ع ك م ن ه م ل ا م ل ا ن ج ه ن م م نك م ا ج م ع ي ن الا عراف: ١٨ الن ون الخ ف يف ة This last nûn is (ل ي ك ون ا = ل ي ك ون ن ( و ل ئ ن ق ل ت ا ن ك م م ب ع وث ون م ن ب ع د ٱل م و ت ل ي ق ول ن ٱل ذ ين ك ف ر و ا ا ن ه ذ ا ا ل ا س ح ر م ب ين Please ponder over the following examples. Identify the qasam and the jawab-ul-qasam. an excellent search engine for the Qur an, where you can search using Arabic text. For example, if you were to type ل ئ ن you will find 61 places in the Qur an where it is used. هود: ٧ ق ال ا ر ب ن ا ظ ل م ن ا ا نف س ن ا و ا ن ل م ت غ ف ر ل ن ا و ت ر ح م ن ا ل ن ك ون ن م ن ٱل خ س ر ي ن الا عراف: ٢٣ ف ل ن ذ يق ن ٱل ذ ين ك ف ر وا ع ذ اب ا ش د يد ا ول ن ج ز ي نه م ا س و ا ٱل ذ ى ك ان وا ي ع م ل ون فصلت: ٢٧ LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 52
53 م نف ص ل ه و ه م ا ه م ه ي ه م ا ه ن ا ن ت ا ن ت م ا ا ن ت م ا ن ت ا ن ت م ا ا ن ت ن ا ن ا ن ح ن م رف وع م ت ص ل [] [] ا ا ن و و ن [] [] ا ا ن ن ن ت [] ت م ا ا ن ت م و ن ت ي ن ت م ا ا ن ت ن ن ت [] ن ا [] Pronouns Summary م نف ص ل ا ي اه ا ي اه م ا ا ي اه م ا ي اه ا ا ي اه م ا ا ي اه ن ا ي اك ا ي اك م ا ا ي اك م ا ي اك ا ي اك م ا ا ي اك ن ا ي اي ا ي ان ا م نص و ب م ت ص ل ه ه م ا ه م ه ا ه م ا ه ن ك ك م ا ك م ك ك م ا ك ن ي ن ا م جر و ر م ت ص ل ه ه م ا ه م ه ا ه م ا ه ن ك ك م ا ك م ك ك م ا ك ن ي ن ا Only the letters highlighted ض م ير in red represent the Please note a further breakdown is often done at advanced levels, but is not shown here for brevity. For example, in onlyت م isت the isم the sign of and,ض م ير plural. For simplicity, ت م however, we will consider as م ير forض now. ض م ير م ست ت ر = ] [ LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 53
54 الا ست ثن اء Exception The The excepted الم ست ثن ى م نه ا د اة الا ست ثن ا ء الم ست ثن ى The tool of exception The one from which the exception is made All the students have passed except Hamid ح الط ل اب ك ل ه م ا ل ا ح ام د ا ن ج isا ل ا a particle used as an instrument of exception. There are many other instruments of exception, including the following important ones. ا سم ان ف عل ان غ ير ر و ى س ع د ا م ا خ ل ا م ا LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 54
55 ا نو اع الا ست ثن اء Exception Types of م ست ثن ى م نه is ت ام ج اء الط ل اب ك ل ه م ا ل ا ح ام د ا م ف ر غ م ا ج اء ا ل ا ح ام د not mentioned No one came except Hamid All the students came except Hamid م ست ثن ى م نه is mentioned is of م ست ثن ى a الب ل اد الا ور ب ي ة الا ور ب ية ك ل ه ا ا ل ا الي ون ان اليون ان م نق ط ع ز رت ل م ت ص different kind م نه than م ست ثن ى ص ل الض ي وف يوف ا ل ا ا مت ع ت ه م و The guests have arrived except their luggage I have visited all European countries, except Greece is of م ست ثن ى the same kind as م نه م ست ثن ى ا فت ح الن و اف ذ ا ل ا الا خ ير ة ه ل ي رس ب ا ح د ا ل ا الك سل ا ن Does anyone fail except the lazy? The sentence is a negative, prohibitive or interrogative sentence Open the windows except the last one م وج ب غ ير م وج ب The sentence is an affirmative sentence LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 55
56 ا عر اب الم ست ثن ى ب ا ل ا illa Declension of Exception with When ا ل ا is used as the instrument of exception, the declension of م ست ثن ى depends on the type of exception, as shown below م ست ثن ى م نه is م ست ثن ى م نه is ت ام م ف ر غ not mentioned mentioned is of م ست ثن ى a different kind م ت ص ل م نق ط ع is of م ست ثن ى the same kind as م نه ه م ست ثن ى م نه than م ست ثن ى The sentence is a negative, prohibitive or interrogative sentence م وج ب غ ير م وج ب The sentence is an affirmative sentence As required by the ا ل ا sentence, as if is not mentioned OR م نص وب م نص وب م نص وب م ست ثن ى م نه Same as Declension of م ست ثن ى with ا ل ا LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 56
57 ا مث ل ة ل ا ل ا illa Examples for Allah forgives all sins except shirk الل ه الذ ن وب ك ل ه ا ا ل ا الش رك ك ي غف ر م ست ثن ى م نه is is م ست ثن ى م نه ت ام م ف ر غ not mentioned is of a م ست ثن ى different kind mentioned م ت ص ل م نق ط ع is mentioned,م ست ثن ى م نه, which is الذ ن وب ذ نب is a kind of ش رك is of م ست ثن ى the same kind as م نه ه م ست ثن ى م ست ثن ى م نه than The sentence is an affirmative sentence The sentence is a negative, prohibitive or interrogative sentence م وج ب غ ير م وج ب The sentence is an affirmative sentence As required by the ا ل ا sentence, as if is not mentioned OR م نص وب م نص وب م نص وب م ست ثن ى م نه Same as Declension of م ست ثن ى with ا ل ا LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 57
58 Declension of No students were present except ا مث ل ة ل ا ل ا illa Examples for Hamid ام د د ح ض ر الط ل اب ا ل ا ح ام د ا / ح م ا الط ل اب is the same as ح ام د م ست ثن ى م نه is is م ست ثن ى م نه ت ام م ف ر غ not mentioned is of a م ست ثن ى different kind mentioned م ت ص ل م نق ط ع OR is mentioned,م ست ثن ى م نه which is,الط ل اب is a student ح ام د is of م ست ثن ى the same kind as م نه ه م ست ثن ى م ست ثن ى م نه than The sentence is a negative, prohibitive or interrogative sentence م وج ب غ ير م وج ب The sentence is a negative sentence The sentence is an affirmative sentence As required by the ا ل ا sentence, as if is not mentioned OR م نص وب م نص وب م نص وب م ست ثن ى م نه Same as Declension of م ست ثن ى with ا ل ا LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 58
59 ا مث ل ة ل ا ل ا illa Examples for Every sickness has a medicine except death د اء د و اء ا ل ا الم وت ت ل ك ل م ست ثن ى م نه is is م ست ثن ى م نه ت ام م ف ر غ not mentioned is mentioned,م ست ثن ى م نه which is,د اء mentioned Death is not a sickness is of م ست ثن ى a different kind م ت ص ل م نق ط ع is of the م ست ثن ى same kind as م ست ثن ى م نه م نه than م ست ثن ى The sentence is a negative, prohibitive or interrogative sentence م وج ب غ ير م وج ب The sentence is an affirmative sentence As required by the ا ل ا sentence, as if is not mentioned OR م نص وب م نص وب م نص وب م ست ثن ى م نه Same as Declension of م ست ثن ى with ا ل ا LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 59
60 ا مث ل ة ل ا ل ا illa Examples for No one failed except Bilal is not mentioned م ست ثن ى م نه م ست ثن ى م نه is ت ام م ف ر غ not mentioned ر س ب ا ل ا ب ل ال ل م ا is م ست ثن ى م نه mentioned To get the correct declension for ا ل ا remove,م ف ر غ in the case of م ست ثن ى from the sentence. ( ر س ب ب ل ال (م ا In this case, الف اع ل isب ل ال so it is.م رف وع Of course, removing ا ل ا will make the meaning opposite of what the original sentence means. This is done only to establish the declension. is of a م ست ثن ى different kind م ت ص ل م نق ط ع is of the م ست ثن ى same kind as م ست ثن ى م نه م ست ثن ى م نه than The sentence is a negative, prohibitive or interrogative sentence م وج ب غ ير م وج ب The sentence is an affirmative sentence As required by the ا ل ا sentence, as if is not mentioned OR م نص وب م نص وب م نص وب م ست ثن ى م نه Same as Declension of م ست ثن ى with ا ل ا LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 3 Notes (v. 8) 60
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