9-1: What Causes Climate. 6 th Grade Earth Science

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1 6 th Grade Earth Science

2 What is Climate? 9-1: What Causes Climate Climate is the long-term average conditions of temperature, precipitation, winds, and clouds in an area.

3

4 Examples of Climate The Mojave Desert has a hot, dry climate. The North Pole has a dry, polar climate.

5 Microclimate 9-1: What Causes Climate Sometimes a small area has a different climate than the area around it. This is called a microclimate. For instance, a river going through a desert can be cool with lush plants.

6 What Affects Temperature? Temperature is affected by: 1. Latitude 2. Altitude 3. Distance from large bodies of water 4. Ocean currents

7 Latitude Near the equator is warm, near the poles is cold. The tropical zone is between 23.5 N and 23.5 S of the equator.

8 The cold polar zone is between 66.5 N/S and 90 N/S. Between these two zones is the temperate zone, hot in summer and cold in winter.

9 Altitude Kilimanjaro is almost on the equator, yet it has snow on top all year round. Altitude is a bigger factor than latitude when it comes to temperature.

10 The temperature drops about 6.5 C for every kilometer of altitude colder as you go up. This mountain is about 39 C colder on top than the bottom.

11 Distance from Water Large bodies of water keep the temperature from changing too much. These are called marine climates.

12 This is because land heats up and cools down faster than water. Away from water exists continental climates hot in summer, cold in winter.

13 Ocean Currents 9-1: What Causes Climate Marine climates are influenced by ocean currents. These are streams of water within the ocean and they can be warm or cold.

14 A well known warm current is the Gulf Stream. It moves north along the east coast of the USA.

15 Along the California coast, a cold current moves south, called the California current.

16 Along the California coast, a cold current moves south, called the California current.

17 What Affects Precipitation The main factors that affect how much precipitation an area gets are: 1. Prevailing winds 2. Mountain ranges 3. Seasonal winds

18 Prevailing Winds 9-1: What Causes Climate Places on Earth have winds that blow mostly from one direction the prevailing wind. This can be a dry wind or a moist wind.

19 A moist wind can produce clouds, especially if they blow up the side of a mountain.

20 Mountain Ranges When moist winds hit mountains, they form clouds and rain falls. The side the wind goes up, cools and condenses on is the windward side. The back side is the leeward side and the air warms and dries out.

21 They call the dry, leeward side of the mountain, a rain shadow. This just means the rain doesn t fall on that side.

22 Seasonal Winds 9-1: What Causes Climate Some winds occur depending on the time of year. In summer, the land may get warmer than the water so a sea breeze blows all summer. This is called a monsoon.

23 A sea breeze monsoon can bring much rain to a region like India. In the winter the land gets colder than the water. A land breeze begins and the rain stops.

24 The Seasons Because the Earth is tilted, we have seasons. Summer is when the tilt is toward the sun. Winter is when the tilt is away from the sun. Fall and Spring are transitions between the two.

25 Summary Many factors affect the climate of an area. Some factors are latitude, altitude, large bodies of water, and ocean currents. Also, trade winds, mountain ranges, monsoons, and seasons help determine a location s climate.

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