SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Transcription

1 ISBN SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Transportable containers for compressed, dissolved and liquefied gases Basic design, manufacture, use and maintenance Published by Standards South Africa dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x9 pretoria 000 tel: fax: international code Standards South Africa

2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA SC D, Vessels and systems under pressure Cylinders, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in June This document supersedes SABS 09:200 (edition 5). This document was written in order to support a specific South African Regulation and, of necessity, includes references to South African legislation. It therefore might not be suitable for direct application in other jurisdictions where conflicting legislation exists. Annexes A, C and D form an integral part of this document. Annexes B and E are for information only.

3 Contents Page Foreword Scope... 2 Normative references... Definitions Design and manufacturing requirements Valves Pressure relief devices Revalidation of containers Marking, labelling, colour coding and certificates Filling of containers Handling, storage, transportation and use General safety precautions Table Class of containers for specific gases Table 2 Reference temperatures Table Properties and pressure groups of permanent gases... 0 Table 4 Table 5 Permanent gases: charging pressures and corresponding developed pressures... Permanent gases: developed pressures and corresponding charging pressures... 2 Table 6 High-pressure liquefiable gases... Table 7 Low-pressure liquefiable gases... 5 Table 8 Schedule of cylinder valve outlet connections for various gases... 7 Table 9 Schedule of cylinder valve outlets for refrigerants class Table 0 Neck threads for containers... 8 Table Colour marking of gas cylinders... 9 Table 2 Refrigerant cylinder colour chart... 40

4 Contents (concluded) Table Pre-fill inspection rejection criteria for all cylinders other than welded LPG cylinders... 4 Table 4 Pre-fill inspection rejection criteria for LPG welded steel cylinders Table 5 Impurities in compressed air for breathing... 4 Annex A (normative) List of current approved manufacturing standards for the importation and manufacture of gas containers in South Africa Annex B (informative) Frequency of inspections and tests Annex C (normative) Schedule of SCUBA and SCBA cylinder colour coding and labels Annex D (normative) Placement of cylinders... 5 Annex E (informative) Developed pressure for permanent gases Bibliography... 5 Page 2

5 Transportable containers for compressed, dissolved and liquefied gases Basic design, manufacture, use and maintenance Scope. This standard covers the minimum requirements for the design, manufacture, use and maintenance of refillable gas containers of water capacity 0,5 L to 000 L, including cryogenic containers up to 000 L water capacity, and may include requirements over and above those contained within the cylinder design and manufacturing standards (see annex A). NOTE See EN 25 and SANS 47 for more information on cryogenic containers..2 In addition to industrial, medical and domestic type gas containers, this standard also covers cylinders for self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA), self-contained surface breathing apparatus (SCBA), fire-fighting extinguishers and fixed fire-fighting extinguishing systems.. It excludes the performance requirements of portable and fixed fire-fighting extinguishing systems (see SANS 572 and SANS 567)..4 It does not cover special gas containers used in aircraft, disposable gas containers or air-brake reservoirs. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Information on currently valid national and international standards can be obtained from Standards South Africa. 2. Standards AS 2468, Steel cylinders for compressed gases Brazed 0. kg to kg. BS 4-, Transportable gas container valves Specification for industrial valves for working pressures up to and including 00 bar. BS 4-, Transportable gas container valves Valve outlet connections. BS 4-4, Transportable gas container valves Pressure relief devices. CGA V, Standard for compressed gas cylinder valve outlet and inlet connections.

6 EN 44-, Respiratory protective devices Gas cylinder valves Part : Thread connections for insert connector. EN 442, LPG equipment and accessories Transportable refillable welded steel cylinders for LPG Design and construction. EN 2245, Transportable gas cylinders Fully wrapped composite cylinders. EN 4208, Transportable gas cylinders Specification for welded pressure drums up to 000 litre capacity for the transport of gases Design and construction. ISO 228-, Pipe threads where pressure-tight joints are not made on the threads Part : Dimensions, tolerances and designation. ISO 807-, Cylinders for acetylene Basic requirements Part : Cylinders without fusible plugs. ISO 807-2, Cylinders for acetylene Basic requirements Part 2: Cylinders with fusible plugs. ISO 7225, Gas cylinders Precautionary labels. ISO 0297, Transportable gas cylinders Cylinder valves Specification and type testing. ISO 0920, Gas cylinders 25E taper thread for connection of valves to gas cylinders Specification. ISO 6-, Gas cylinders 7E taper thread for connection of valves to gas cylinders Part : Specification. ISO 7, Gas cylinders Valve protection caps and valve guards for industrial and medical gas cylinders Design, construction and tests. ISO 9-, Gas cylinders of composite construction Specification and test methods Part : Hoop wrapped composite gas cylinders. ISO 9-2, Gas cylinders of composite construction Specification and test methods Part 2: Fully wrapped fibre reinforced composite gas cylinders with load-sharing metal liners. ISO 9-, Gas cylinders of composite construction Specification and test methods Part : Fully wrapped fibre reinforced composite gas cylinders with non-load-sharing metallic or non-metallic liners. ISO 62, Gas cylinders Procedures for change of gas service. ISO 622, Gas cylinders Conditions for filling gas cylinders. ISO 4, Transportable gas cylinders Fitting of valves to gas cylinders. ISO 769, Gas cylinders Stamp marking. ISO 2070, Gas cylinders Refillable welded aluminium-alloy cylinders Design, construction and testing. ISO 2244, Transportable gas cylinders Inspection and maintenance of cylinder valves. SANS 62/ISO 0286 (SABS ISO 0286), Gas cylinders Terminology. SANS 99, Shut-off valves for refillable liquefied petroleum gas cylinders. SANS 289, Labelling requirements for prepackaged products (prepackages) and general requirements for the sale of goods subject to legal metrology control. 4

7 SANS 47, Categorization and conformity assessment criteria for all pressure equipment. SANS 99, Transportable refillable welded stainless steel cylinders for low pressure gases Alternative design and construction. SANS 407, Austenitic manganese steel castings. SANS 09, National colour standard. SANS 5, Portable rechargeable fire extinguishers Halogenated hydrocarbon type extinguishers. SANS 274, Coatings applied by the powder-coating process. SANS 58, Transport of dangerous goods Design, construction, testing, approval and maintenance of road vehicles and portable tanks. SANS 567, Portable rechargeable fire extinguishers CO 2 type extinguishers. SANS /ISO 965-, Fasteners Part 2: Screw threads Section 5: ISO general purpose metric screw threads Tolerances Principles and basic data. SANS /ISO 965-2, Fasteners Part 2: Screw threads Section 6: ISO general purpose metric screw threads Tolerances Limits of sizes for general purpose external and internal screw threads Medium quality. SANS /ISO 965-, Fasteners Part 2: Screw threads Section 7: ISO general purpose metric screw threads Tolerances Deviations for constructional screw threads. SANS 79 (SABS 79), Low pressure welded steel cylinders for fire extinguishers. SANS 825, Gas container test stations General requirements for periodic inspection and testing of portable and transportable refillable gas containers. SANS 90, Portable refillable fire extinguishers. SANS 4706/ISO 4706, Refillable welded steel gas cylinders. SANS 7866/ISO 7866, Gas cylinders Refillable seamless aluminium alloy gas cylinders Design, construction and testing. SANS 9809-/ISO 9809-, Gas cylinders Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders Design, construction and testing Part : Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strength less than 00 MPa. SANS /ISO , Gas cylinders Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders Design, construction and testing Part 2: Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strength greater than or equal to 00 MPa. SANS 9809-/ISO 9809-, Gas cylinders Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders Design, construction and testing Part : Normalized steel cylinders. SANS 0006, Colour marking and identification of medical gas cylinders and anaesthetic apparatus. SANS 0087-, The handling, storage, distribution and maintenance of liquefied petroleum gas in domestic, commercial, and industrial installations Part : Liquefied petroleum gas installations involving gas storage containers of individual water capacity not exceeding 500 L and a combined water capacity not exceeding 000 L per installation. 5

8 SANS 0087-, The handling, storage, distribution and maintenance of liquefied petroleum gas in domestic, commercial, and industrial installations Part : Liquefied petroleum gas installations involving storage vessels of individual water capacity exceeding 500 L. SANS , The handling, storage, distribution and maintenance of liquefied petroleum gas in domestic, commercial, and industrial installations Part 6: The application of liquefied petroleum and compressed natural gases as engine fuels for internal combustion engines. SANS , The handling, storage, distribution and maintenance of liquefied petroleum gas in domestic, commercial, and industrial installations Part 7: Storage and filling premises for refillable liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) containers of gas capacity not exceeding 9 kg and the storage of individual gas containers not exceeding 48 kg. SANS (SABS 087-8), The handling, storage, and distribution of liquefied petroleum gas in domestic, commercial, and industrial installations Part 8: The fuelling of fork lift trucks and other LP gas operated vehicles. SANS 008, The classification of hazardous locations and the selection of apparatus for use in such locations. SANS 0228, The identification and classification of dangerous goods for transport. SANS 0229-, Transport of dangerous goods Packaging and large packaging for road and rail transport Part : Packaging. SANS 02, Transport of dangerous goods Operational requirements for road vehicles. SANS 024, Globally Harmonized System of classification and labelling of chemicals (GHS). SANS 026 (SABS 026), The warehousing of dangerous goods Enclosed storage areas and covered and uncovered outdoor storage yards. SANS 0297, The reconditioning of external LPG cylinder valves. SANS 0400 (SABS 0400), The application of the National Building Regulations. SANS 046, Gas cylinders Seamless aluminium-alloy gas cylinders Periodic inspection and testing. SANS 20/ISO 20, Gas cylinders Refillable seamless steel tubes of water capacity between 50 L and 000 L Design, construction and testing. SANS 7020/ISO/IEC 7020, General criteria for the operation of various types of bodies performing inspection. SANS 20067/ECE R67, Uniform provisions concerning I. approval of specific equipment of motor vehicles using liquefied petroleum gases in their propulsion system; II. approval of a vehicle fitted with specific equipment for the use of liquefied petroleum gases in its propulsion system with regard to the installation of such equipment. SANS 200/ECE R0, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of: I. Specific components of motor vehicles using compressed natural gas (CNG) in their propulsion system; II. Vehicles with regard to the installation of specific components of an approved type for the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) in their propulsion system. SANS 50250/EN 250, Respiratory equipment Open-circuit self-contained compressed air diving apparatus Requirements, testing, marking. 6

9 2.2 Other publications ARI Guideline N-2002, Assignment of refrigerant container colors. Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, Arlington, Virginia 2220, USA. Definitions For the purposes of this document, the definitions given in the relevant manufacturing standards, in SANS 62, and the following apply.. acceptable acceptable to the authority administering this standard, or to the parties concluding the purchase contract, as relevant.2 approved approved by the approving authority. approved inspection authority inspection authority approved or recognized by the approving authority.4 approved test station test station holding accreditation in terms of the requirements of SANS 825 and SANS approving authority appropriate of the following: a) within the scope of the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 99 (Act No. 85 of 99): the Chief Inspector; b) within the scope of the Mine Health and Safety Act, 996 (Act No. 29 of 996): the Chief Inspector; and c) within the scope of SANS 0400: the local authority concerned.6 certification verification that a container complies with the relevant manufacturing standards.7 charging pressure pressure stamped on a container for a permanent gas to indicate the maximum gauge pressure (measured or corrected to 20 C) that may be applied at the time of filling.8 class of container category into which container is placed based on whether the container is seamless, or of welded construction with the weld being fully or partially radiographed.9 compatibility acceptable interaction of gas and cylinder or gas and cylinder equipment under conditions of use 7

10 .0 competent person any person that has the knowledge, training and experience specific to the work or task being performed. compressed gas gas which when packed under pressure for transport is entirely gaseous at 50 C NOTE This category includes all gases with a critical temperature less than or equal to 50 C..2 cryogenic vessel transportable thermally insulated pressure vessel for refrigerated liquefied gases of not more than 000 L water capacity. developed pressure pressure achieved by the contents of a container, filled in accordance with this standard, when raised to the reference temperature.4 dissolved gas gas which, when packed under pressure for transport, is dissolved in a liquid phase solvent.5 filling ratio ratio of the mass of gas to the mass of water at 20 C that would fill completely a pressure receptacle fitted ready for use.6 high-pressure liquefiable gas gas which when packaged under pressure for transport is partially liquid at temperatures above 50 C and has a critical temperature between 50 C and +65 C NOTE All pressures are given in kpa gauge unless otherwise stated (00 kpa = 0 5 N/m 2 = bar)..7 liquefied petroleum gas LPG commercial butane, commercial propane, or a mixture of light hydrocarbons (predominantly propane, propene, butane and butene) that is gaseous under conditions of ambient temperatures and pressure, and that is liquefied by an increase of pressure or a lowering of temperature.8 low-pressure liquefiable gas gas which when packaged under pressure for transport is partially liquid at temperatures above 50 C and has a critical temperature above +65 C.9 maintenance action that includes one or more of the following activities: a) routine inspection of gas containers; b) testing and repair of containers in accordance with SANS 825; 8

11 c) changing of valves; or d) restoring the external appearance of the container, including labelling and painting.20 maximum permissible operating pressure highest pressure permitted to be developed during service.2 normalize heat treatment heat a cylinder to a uniform temperature above the upper critical point (AC ) of the steel to regenerate or homogenize the metallurgical structure of the steel to a sufficient degree to achieve the desired properties, and then cool it in a controlled or still-air atmosphere.22 pressure relief device device that is fitted to the cylinder or cylinder valve and is designed to relieve gas pressure in the event of abnormal conditions resulting in the development of excess pressure inside the cylinder.2 re-certification certification of previously certified equipment where the required traceability (to the applicable statutory regulations and supporting documentation) is no longer available.24 refillable container container for the storage and conveyance of liquefied or compressed gases, of water capacity from 0,5 L to 000 L (see table ) NOTE All types of containers or vessels defined under section.24 are refillable..24. container welded steel container specifically for liquefied gas of water capacity between 50 L and 500 L, but that may be used in other applications NOTE Cryogenic vessels are excluded from this definition cylinder container (that may be seamless, welded or composite) of water capacity between 0,5 L and 50 L.24. seamless steel tube container of water capacity 50 L up to 000 L NOTE A container is designed to a cylinder specification, whereas a transportable vessel is designed to a pressure vessel specification transportable vessel pressure drum cryogenic vessel welded transportable pressure container of water capacity between 50 L and 000 L 9

12 .25 revalidation periodic inspection and testing of transportable containers to an approved standard.26 special gas gas or gas mixture that has specific properties and is prepared for special applications (e.g. instrument calibration gas mixtures or technical diving mixtures).27 tare mass mass of the cylinder and other fittings not removed during the filling operation, such as the valve, dip tube and any permanent or semi-permanently fixed valve protection device(s).28 temperature.28. critical temperature temperature above which the gas cannot exist in a liquid state.28.2 reference temperature maximum temperature that the gas in the gas container can be expected to reach under normal service conditions (see tables 2 to 7).29 test pressure pressure to which a container is subjected in accordance with its design standard.0 verification act of reviewing, inspecting, testing, checking, auditing or otherwise determining and documenting whether items, processes, services or documents comply with specified requirements 4 Design and manufacturing requirements 4. General Containers shall be designed and manufactured in accordance with the requirements of the Pressure Equipment Regulations (PER) of the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 99 (Act No. 85 of 99), in conjunction with the appropriate of the standards listed in (a) to (r) (see also annex A) and SANS 47. NOTE Specific additional requirements or limitations (or both) in respect of a standard listed below are indicated in brackets. a) Refillable welded stainless steel cylinders: SANS 99. b) Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders of water capacity up to 50 L: SANS 9809-, SANS and SANS c) Refillable seamless steel tube containers of water capacity from 50 L to 000 L: SANS 20. d) Dissolved acetylene cylinders of water capacity up to 50 L: ISO 807- or ISO e) Refillable welded steel gas containers of water capacity up to 500 L: SANS (Welded steel cylinders manufactured for LPG shall use the ratio of 0,425 for cylinder design.) 0

13 f) Refillable welded steel gas cylinders of water capacity up to 50 L: EN 442. (Welded steel cylinders manufactured for all liquefied gases, including LPG, shall be normalized.) g) Steel containers of 50 L up to 000 L water capacity with welded seams: EN h) Seamless aluminium gas cylinders of water capacity up to and including 50 L: SANS i) Fully wrapped composite cylinders up to 450 L: EN (These containers shall have a lining as described in EN 2245 when manufactured for use in South Africa.) j) Hooped wrapped composite cylinders: ISO 9-. k) Fully wrapped fibre-reinforced composite gas cylinders with load sharing metal liners: ISO 9-2. l) Fully wrapped fibre-reinforced composite gas cylinders with non-load sharing metal or non-metallic liners: ISO 9-. m) Low pressure fire extinguishers with a gross mass not exceeding 2 kg: SANS 5, SANS 79 and SANS 90. (Fire extinguishers using halon as an extinguishing medium shall be phased out by 200 because of the Montreal Protocol agreement of which South Africa is a signatory.) n) Welded transportable vessels of water capacity 50 L to 000 L: SANS 58. o) Welded LPG fuel containers for motor vehicles up to 50 L: SANS p) Welded CNG fuel containers for motor vehicles up to 50 L: SANS 200. q) Welded aluminium alloy gas cylinders up to 50 L: ISO r) Brazed steel cylinders for compressed gases up to 20 L: AS (Cylinders made to AS 2468 shall be fitted with a safety device.) NOTE Notwithstanding the requirements of AS 2468, LPG cylinders may only be accepted in the normalized condition. Whilst AS 2468 refers only to compressed gases, LPG cylinders made to AS 2468 are acceptable. Specific gas types are listed in AS 200, and in the definitions of that standard, LPG is referred to as a compressed gas. The above list of standards does not preclude the design, manufacture and use of containers to any of the current standards listed in annex A or in SANS 825 and found in the schedule of the Pressure Equipment Regulations of the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 99 (Act No. 85 of 99). 4.2 Additional design requirements for gas containers The developed pressure of a gas at its reference temperature shall not exceed the test pressure stamped on the cylinder. In terms of the requirements set out in 4., it is the responsibility of the purchaser to ensure full compliance with these requirements for both new and second-hand containers. For low-pressure liquefiable gases, the maximum filling ratio shall be such that the liquid portion of the gas does not occupy more than 97 % of the volume of the container at a reference temperature of 55 C and the container shall not be liquid full at a temperature of 60 C. All LPG containers, including butane and propane containers, shall be rated for a test pressure of 000 kpa and shall be designed to a fill ratio of 0,425.

14 4. Heat treatment The heat treatment applied to gas containers during manufacture and maintenance shall be applied in accordance with the relevant design specification. All welded steel cylinders manufactured for liquefied gases, including LPG, shall be supplied to South Africa in a normalized condition between 900 º C and 90 ºC. The powder coating of aluminium cylinders shall be in accordance with SANS 274 and SANS 046. NOTE The process of powder coating can adversely affect the mechanical properties of an aluminium cylinder if not properly controlled. 4.4 Class of container Each metallic container shall have a class rating the numerical value of which shall be not higher than that given in column of table, appropriate to the type of gas given in column 2, subject to the provision that when the filling conditions are such that the developed pressure for the gas at reference temperature will exceed kpa, only a class container shall be used (see table 2 for reference temperature and tables, 4, 5, 6 and 7 for developed pressure). 4.5 Special-purpose containers Containers intended as fuel tanks for motorized vehicles shall be specially manufactured for this purpose and shall comply with the requirements of SANS or SANS 200 (or both). Gas containers that are intended for general duty shall not be used on motorized vehicles, however, these containers may be used as tanks for forklift trucks, provided they are specifically adapted and marked as such. (See 8.6. and SANS ) No person shall manufacture or import dissolved acetylene cylinders for distribution in South Africa unless he can produce proof that such cylinders comply with the requirements of ISO 807- or ISO 807-2, or other approved standards (see annex A). 4.6 Change of container service 4.6. A container may, subject to the limitations given in 4.6., be transferred to a different service, provided that it is thoroughly cleaned and has been inspected and, when applicable, tested in accordance with clause 7, and provided that the relevant markings and colour coding have been changed in an acceptable manner to comply with the requirements of the new service and of clause 4. When a container is transferred to a different service, the filler shall ensure that the developed pressure of the gas at reference temperature does not exceed the maximum service pressure of the container and that the container is of a class suitable for the gas (see table and ISO 62 and ISO 622) A cylinder equipped with a foot ring shall not be used for underwater service A container that has been used for the storage of any coal produced gas (i.e. methane or carbon monoxide), shall not be used for any other gas. 4.7 Containers (new or used) made to non-listed standards 4.7. General Only containers that, in respect of basic design and manufacture, comply with the appropriate and relevant requirements of this standard, together with standards approved by the Department of Labour (DOL) and, in the case of LPG containers up to and including L, that have been verified by an organization approved by the Chief Inspector, shall be allowed for general distribution and use in South Africa. 2

15 Imported containers that are not accompanied by a manufacturer's Certificate of Construction and certification by an approved inspection authority, or a certificate of re-certification issued by an approved inspection authority shall not be allowed for distribution and use in South Africa Imported containers that do not comply with or (or both) may be distributed and used in South Africa provided that they are certified by an approved inspection authority, retested, declared and certified as safe for use by a government-accredited test station to an approved standard. For approved standards, see annex A or SANS 825. New containers shall not be manufactured to any local, regional or international standard that has been withdrawn. Evaluation of non-listed manufacturing standards will be the responsibility of an evaluation committee (see and 4.8.) Approval of non-listed standards For the purpose of approval of non-listed design and manufacturing standards other than those referred to in 4.7., the standards shall first be evaluated by an evaluation committee (see 4.8) before the importation of containers manufactured to such standards. 4.8 Evaluation committee 4.8. General The evaluation committee shall, after evaluation of the non-listed standard, make a recommendation to the relevant approving authority for incorporation of such a standard into relevant government legislation. (See also annex A.) Composition of evaluation committee The Department of Labour shall establish an evaluation committee, which shall consist of representatives from the following organizations: a) Department of Labour (DOL): one member, as chairperson; b) South African Compressed Gases Association (SACGA): two members; c) Liquefied Petroleum Gas Safety Association of Southern Africa (LPGSASA): two members; d) Standards South Africa: one member; e) Approved Inspection Authorities (AIA): one member; f) Association of Underwater Divers: one member: g) Department of Minerals and Energy: one member: h) Federation of Trade Unions in South Africa (FEDUSA): one member; i) Fire Fighting Equipment Traders Association (FFETA): one member; and j) two co-opted specialist members, as required.

16 4.8. Duties and responsibilities of the evaluation committee The duties and responsibilities of the evaluation committee shall include the relevant of the following: a) evaluation of non-listed standards; b) recording the names and numbers of approved manufacturing specifications for future control and verification (as listed in annex A); c) arbitrating in disputes or complaints; d) investigating cases of procedural failure; e) giving advice on any query related to all the above; and f) making recommendations to the appropriate approving authority on any matters relating to its functions. 5 Valves 5. General The design and construction of valves shall be such as to render the valves acceptable for the duty and service for which they are intended. All parts of valves in contact with the contents of the containers shall be of material that will not react with the gas or the metal of the container. All LPG valves shall comply with the requirements of SANS Valve outlet connections All new gas cylinder valve outlet connections shall comply with the requirements of table 8. For refrigerants see table 9. For LPG forklift containers, the outlet shall be ¾ NGT with a ¼ ACME valve outlet connection. 5. LPG cylinder inlet and outlet requirements Valves with an ISO 228- G ⅜ RH outlet thread shall not be fitted to cylinders of water capacity exceeding 20 L. Valves with an ISO 228- G ⅝ LH outlet shall not be fitted to cylinders with a water capacity less than 20 L. Outlet connections for butane, LPG and propane shall be as specified in SANS 99. Valves with a ¾ NGT inlet shall not be fitted to cylinders with a water capacity of less than 20 L. Where clip-on valves and self-closing parallel inlet threaded valves are used, these shall be in accordance with SANS Valve stem and container neck thread connections The valve stem is the section of the valve body that connects to the container body, and as such shall have matching threads for compatibility (see table 0). 5.5 Protection of valves 5.5. General Unless as provided for in 5.5.2, valves on containers shall be protected against mechanical damage. On any cylinder containing a gas that is flammable or toxic (or both), the valve shall be protected by means of a detachable cap that can be securely attached to the container. However, the cap shall not be required if the valve is set into a recess of the container, or is protected by a shroud or guard made to an 4

17 approved standard (see ISO 7), is attached to the cylinder collar or, in the case of a shroud, is welded to the dome of the cylinder. Such shroud, guard or cap shall in no way be in contact with any part of the valve. For containers used in the fixed fire protection industry, the valve shall be protected by a cap, where applicable, when transported or in storage. Containers used in trolley units are exempt from using caps or guards. However, when removed from the trolley unit, the cap or guard shall be fitted. Containers fitted with shrouds may be used in trolley units Exceptions Caps and shrouds are not required on cylinders for SCUBA and SCBA, up to and including 20 L water capacity. All fire extinguishers up to and including 5 L water capacity are exempt from using caps or shrouds. Notwithstanding the requirements of 5.5., containers of water capacity 0 L and below do not require a cap, valve guard or shroud. This exception excludes flammable and toxic gas containers, which shall comply with Medical gas cylinders, where the shroud or guard is an integral part of the cylinder or valve package, are excluded from the requirement of If it is not intended for the valve to be protected by a cap or other form of guarding, an impact test shall be carried out on the valve, in accordance with ISO Fitting of valves to containers Where the fitting requirements and torque values for valves have not been specified, the requirements of ISO 4 shall be complied with. 5.7 Maintenance of valves Where a valve needs to be maintained, it shall be done in accordance with the requirements of ISO 2244, and LPG valves shall be maintained in accordance with the requirements of SANS Valve lubricants No valve lubricant other than that specified by the manufacturer shall be applied to threads or spindles. 5.9 Valve service Valves for SCUBA and SCBA containers shall be leak-tested at every fill and be serviced when a leak is detected. 6 Pressure relief devices 6. General The purpose of pressure relief devices is to relieve pressure in a container when the container is exposed to adverse conditions. The device shall be of robust construction and shall be capable of an accurate setting. All parts of the device shall be of material(s) that will not react with the contents or the metal of the container on which it is mounted. Pressure relief devices shall be prohibited for toxic and poisonous gases. For these exclusions, see ISO 622. See also BS 4-4 for further guidance regarding the design and application of pressure relief devices. All CO 2 and N 2 O gas cylinders shall be fitted with a bursting disc. 5

18 6.2 Type of safety device 6.2. General More than one type of safety device may be used and more than one device of the same type may, when so required, be used on one container. Spring-loaded safety devices shall be prohibited on portable containers for poisons and toxic gases, but may be used on containers for other gases Spring-loaded safety valves A spring-loaded safety valve shall be set (when installed on a container) to commence relieving pressure at the maximum permissible operating pressure of the container. For LPG, however, see SANS Frangible discs Primary frangible discs Primary frangible discs shall be designed to rupture at the reference temperature of the maximum permissible operating pressure of the container Secondary frangible discs Secondary frangible discs shall rupture at a nominal pressure that is 0 % above the start-to-discharge pressure of the pressure relief device Fusible plugs A fusible plug shall contain a fusible alloy that has a yield temperature of not lower than 96 C and not higher than 0 C. At ambient temperature the fusible plug shall withstand pressure equal to the applicable hydrostatic test pressure. 6. Location of safety devices 6.. Cylinders If a safety device is fitted to a cylinder containing a liquefied gas, it shall be so positioned that when the cylinder is in the upright position, gas or vapour will be vented in preference to liquid. For the incorporation of safety devices into cylinders see ISO Transportable containers or vessels A safety device on a transportable container or vessel shall be protected against mechanical damage either by the way in which it is set into the transportable container or vessel, or by being covered with an acceptable housing. The requirements for safety relief devices shall comply with SANS 58. NOTE For more information regarding the use of pressure relieve valves see EIGA Doc IGC/Doc 9/0/E available on the EIGA website ( 7 Revalidation of containers 7. General Only an approved test station shall carry out periodic inspection and testing (revalidation). The frequency of inspection and hydrostatic testing shall be in accordance with the requirements of SANS 825. NOTE For ease of reference, the frequency of inspections and testing is given in annex B. 6

19 Where a container is not susceptible to internal corrosion, the user may dispense with the hydrostatic pressure test, subject to the application of an approved alternative test, i.e. acoustic emission testing or ultrasonic testing. Before any of these methods are used, approval shall be obtained from an approved inspection authority and such tests shall be done under the surveillance of such approved inspection authority. 7.2 Test stations 7.2. Approval All test stations shall be approved by an approving authority Accreditation Before approval, the test station shall be accredited by a government-endorsed national accreditation body, e.g. SANAS (see SANS 7020 and SANS 825). 7. Safety precaution Cylinders that are overdue for inspection and testing shall not be refilled. 7.4 Rejection and rendering containers unserviceable When containers are to be rejected (scrapped), this function shall be carried out by a competent person. The decision to reject a container may be taken at any stage during the inspection and testing procedure. If it is impossible to recover a rejected container, it shall, after notifying the owner, be made unserviceable by the testing station for holding gas under pressure so that it is impossible for any part of the cylinder, especially the shoulder, to be re-issued into service. In case of any disagreement, the test station and owner shall understand the legal implication of the contemplated action. Rejection and disposal criteria for containers, and methods for rendering containers unserviceable shall be as provided in SANS 825. For the rejection criteria of LPG containers, the rejection criteria given in the relevant tables in SANS 825 shall apply. Should the owner scrap or reject his own containers, the rejection criteria shall be as provided in SANS 825, and an approved test station shall dispose of the container in the appropriate manner. 7.5 Repair of welded steel containers All repairs that require the application of heat to the body or any component part of the body shall be carried out under the direction and supervision of an approved inspection authority. The container shall be hydrostatically tested and verified by an approved test station before being placed back into service. (See also 8..) Under no circumstances shall seamless containers of any size be repaired. 7.6 Repair facilities A repair facility shall a) comply with the safety requirements with respect to safety distances and the provision that electrical equipment shall be flameproof (see SANS 008). For LPG facilities, the safety distances given in SANS shall apply; 7

20 b) ensure that containers to be repaired are gas-free and safe before commencing any hot work; c) comply with the revalidation standard appropriate to the type of container under repair (see SANS 825); d) ensure that where welding (hot work) is needed on a container, the welder is qualified in terms of the national welding standards; NOTE A tack weld does not constitute hot work unless applied to the pressure envelope (pressure shell) of the vessel. e) ensure that, where paint spray booths and zinc metal spray cabinets are used, appropriate procedures relating to environmental issues are followed; f) ensure that such booths and cabinets comply with the requirements of the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 99 (Act No. 85 of 99); and g) ensure that the disposal of damaged and scrapped cylinders is in accordance with SANS Marking, labelling, colour coding and certificates 8. Permanent marking Each container shall be legibly and durably marked (hard-stamped, embossed or embedded in the resin of composite containers) with the information required by the applicable design standard or ISO 769. Gas containers for compressed gases are not required to be marked with the tare mass, in accordance with the requirements of ISO 769. When cylinders without tare mass are changed from a permanent gas service to a liquefiable gas service, the tare mass shall be stamped onto the shoulder of the container, provided the container complies with the design requirements for that particular gas, which shall be verified by a competent person. The tare shall be given in kilograms (kg). Liquefiable gas container stampings shall comply with the requirements of an approved manufacturing standard and, in addition, shall give the type of gas content (for example, NH for ammonia, or "butane" or "propane" or LPG ). The markings for the tare and test pressure shall be in kilograms (kg) and kilopascals (kpa), respectively. The letter N shall be stamped on liquefied gas containers (including LPG) to indicate that the container has been normalized. No permanent marking shall be removed from any container, however, where change of ownership takes place, the previous owner s marks may be cancelled by over-stamping using a letter X. The serial number shall never be removed from any container. 8.2 Identification of permanent marking The manufacturer shall, on the certificate of manufacture (see 8.7.2) or on the certificate of recertification, list all the permanent markings on the container. 8. Permanent marking following revalidation 8.. Notwithstanding the exceptions in 8..2 and 8.., the following additional permanent markings shall be hard-stamped on the shoulder of the container after revalidation: a) the approved test station identification mark; 8

21 b) the year and month (for example 08/04) and the suffix "H if a hydrostatic test has been done; and c) when relevant, the new tare mass In addition to the requirements of 8.., after internal inspection of acetylene containers, the year and month in which the inspection was carried out, followed by an "I" (for example 08/04 I), shall be hard-stamped on the container, or on a metal test ring retained between the valve inlet stem and cylinder shoulder. 8.. Hard-stamping shall only be done on the foot ring or shroud of a revalidated welded container. 8.4 Maintenance of permanent marking Permanent markings on a container shall be maintained in an acceptable manner and the container shall not be filled if the markings are illegible. Containers protected by an outer sleeve (e.g. plastic coating) may be filled if fitted with a test date ring and it is within the test date period. 8.5 Colour coding of containers 8.5. Colour identification The colours in table are the allocated colours for the gases indicated in column 2. When changing the service of a container, the old paint shall be removed entirely before the application of the new identification colour. Where colours are allocated to fire extinguishers, these shall comply with the requirements of SANS 90 and SANS Containers for other commonly used gases (other than LPG) Cylinders Cylinders for the gases listed in table shall have the body colour as given in the table. In addition, cylinders shall indicate the nature of their contents by means of colour bands. The width of the second band, where applicable, shall be at least one-quarter of the diameter of the container and be adjacent to the shoulder of the cylinder. If the gas is toxic and non-flammable, the container shall have a golden yellow (070-Y20R) shoulder band. If the gas is non-toxic and flammable, the container shall have a signal red (580-Y90R) shoulder band. If the gas is toxic and flammable, the container shall have a golden yellow (070-Y20R) shoulder band as well as a signal red (580-Y20R) shoulder band. The red band shall be next to the neck and the yellow band shall be between the red band and the junction of the shoulder and body of the container. NOTE For colour coding of fire extinguishers, see SANS 90 and SANS Containers other than cylinders The colour coding used shall be as given in table. In addition to the permanent marking requirements, the outer surface of these containers shall be so painted as to have the appropriate colour marking given in 8.5. to (inclusive). The width of each shoulder band shall be at least one-quarter of the diameter of the container body. NOTE For colour coding of fire extinguishers, see SANS 90 and SANS

22 8.5. LPG cylinders Corporate colours used on LPG cylinders shall be registered with the Liquefied Petroleum Gas Safety Association of Southern Africa. White, grey and aluminium are acceptable colours for LPG without being registered. Where colours are registered, there shall be no confusion with colours allocated for other gases or applications Containers for gases for which specific colour markings have not been allocated Containers for special gases or containers for which specific colour markings have not been allocated shall be coloured Protea (020-Y80R), or as otherwise approved Cylinders for medical gases Cylinders for medical gases shall be colour-marked in accordance with SANS Cylinders for SCUBA and SCBA use Cylinders for SCUBA and SCBA use shall be colour-marked with the appropriate colour given in annex C. Marking shall be in accordance with SANS The body of a container used for diving and surface rescue purposes shall be Golden yellow and the shoulder shall be French grey (see annex C) Containers fitted with internal tubes for liquid withdrawal A container fitted with a conventional-type vapour withdrawal valve that is connected to an internal eductor tube or dip tube for liquid withdrawal shall be clearly marked by means of two diametrically opposed vertical yellow (in the case of chlorine cylinders, black) stripes of width 50 mm, to indicate the presence of the eductor or dip tube. In the case of a container fitted with a dual-purpose valve that has both vapour and liquid outlets, the liquid withdrawal outlet shall be clearly identified and the liquid and vapour outlets shall be non-interchangeable. Fire extinguishers are exempt from this requirement Compressed, refrigerant and liquefiable gas cylinders Unique identification colours for branded, compressed and liquefiable gas containers (excluding LPG containers) shall be approved and registered by the South African Compressed Gases Association (SACGA) to avoid any colour duplication with table. The valve guard of refrigerant gas containers shall be coloured in accordance with ARI Guideline N-2002 (see table 2.) If corporate branding is required, it shall be approved and registered with the South African Fluorocarbon Association (SAFA) to avoid any colour duplication with table. Before registration, the association concerned (SACGA or SAFA) shall apply to the approving authority for approval. 8.6 Labelling 8.6. Precautionary labels General The labelling of cylinders (excluding LPG) shall comply with ISO Breathing gas Components of breathing gas mixtures other than air shall be listed on a 00 mm wide self-adhesive band fixed adjacent to the shoulder (see annex C). 20

23 8.6.2 Dangerous-commodity labels If a container has been filled with a dangerous commodity as defined in SANS 0228, and is to be conveyed by any type of transport on a public road, it shall be labelled in accordance with SANS 0229-, except that, when the form of the container is readily visible, the container need not bear the "compressed gas" label. If a gas container is concealed in an outer box or some other type of container, the outer container shall bear the "compressed gas" label and the label applicable to the commodity in the gas container and shall, in general, comply with the requirements of SANS 024 and SANS Labelling on LPG containers LPG containers of water capacity not exceeding 20 L shall bear, in the form of a pictogram (see figure D.) on an adhesive label (of minimum size 00 mm 40 mm), a warning that the container shall not be placed on hot plates or stoves, or be exposed to excessive heat, and shall always be used in an upright position. All cylinders shall indicate the direction of use (see figure D.2). General containers used as forklift truck fuel tanks shall be labelled to identify them for use on forklift trucks only. Operating instructions shall be attached and the label shall indicate that the container is for liquid service only Other labelling In addition to the marking required in terms of 8., 8. and, when relevant, 8.4, each filled container shall be labelled in accordance with the Regulations of the Trade Metrology Act, 97 (Act No. 77 of 97) and SANS Certificates 8.7. General Manufacturers (as defined in the PER) shall keep and make available on request manufacturing and inspection certificates for containers sold. Batch certificates are acceptable Certificates of manufacture The requirements for certificates of manufacture shall be as specified in the appropriate manufacturing standards Revalidation, inspection and test certificates Revalidation, inspection and test certificates shall comply with the requirements given in SANS Filling of containers 9. General Before filling a cylinder, an inspection to the guidelines given in 9.. shall be performed. Should the rejection criteria be met for any of the given conditions, the cylinder shall be sent to an approved test station for further examination. The rejection criteria are in accordance with SANS 825, based on ISO standards. 2

24 The gases or mixtures of gases given in tables, 4, 5, 6, and 7 may be transferred to and transported in containers. The purity and the moisture content of gases shall comply with the requirements given in an approved standard. When filling a container for sale, the requirements of the Trade Metrology Act, 97 (Act No. 77 of 97) and its Regulations shall be observed. 9.2 Filling of liquefiable gases A liquefiable gas container shall not be filled to its full water capacity. An ullage space shall be left to allow the gas to expand without damage to the container in accordance with the allowable filling ratio. See tables 6 and 7. For safety reasons, no person shall fill a liquefiable gas into a container above the rated capacity for the specific gas being filled. 9. Filling of LPG containers The filling of LPG containers shall be carried out in accordance with SANS 0087-, SANS and SANS Additional checks before filling (excluding LPG). In addition to carrying out the inspection required in terms of 9.6., the filler shall ascertain the maximum service pressure, the tare mass and the water capacity of the container and, by reference to tables 6 and 7, shall calculate the maximum permissible mass of gas that can be filled into the container. 9.5 Persons competent to fill containers No person shall fill a portable container with gas unless he is competent to fill containers with the gases he handles, and unless a) he is fully conversant with the relevant requirements of this standard; b) he is satisfied that the container is fit for the intended purpose; c) the container is not due for periodic inspection or testing; and d) permission to fill the container has been granted by the owner of the container, in writing, except where the cylinder is owned by the end user. This requirement is for safety reasons, since the cylinder containment history is an essential reference for correct filling. 9.6 Filling with permanent gases 9.6. Inspection before filling The pre-fill inspection of the container by the filler shall be in accordance with the criteria given in table or table 4. Before filling any container, the filler shall ensure that a) the container is clean and free from obvious contaminants; b) the container complies with the requirements of an approved standard and has the appropriate pressure rating; c) the container is not due for periodic inspection or testing; and d) the container, valve and safety devices, if any, are in good serviceable condition. 22

25 9.6.2 Inspection after filling After it has been filled, the container shall be tested for leaks. If a leak is found and it cannot be stopped by the tightening of spindles or gland nuts, the container shall be emptied and shall not be refilled until the cause of the leak has been rectified. NOTE See also tables 4 and 5 for the developed pressure for permanent gases Precautions for corrosive gases In addition to the inspection of the container as required in terms of 9.6., the valve functionality shall be checked and, if necessary, the valve shall be reconditioned or replaced Acetylene Additional checks before filling based on cylinder markings compliant with tare S In addition to carrying out the inspection required in terms of 9.6., the filler shall inspect the cylinder as follows: a) When there is no internal pressure, the mass of the cylinder and its contents shall be determined and compared with the original tare mass. This difference shall be regarded as the approximate acetone shortage. b) When there is internal pressure, the approximate mass of acetylene in the cylinder, in excess of that included in the tare mass of the cylinder, shall be calculated from the pressure reading and other relevant cylinder data. The mass of the cylinder and its contents shall be determined and this, minus the calculated mass of the excess acetylene, shall be compared with the original tare mass stamped on the cylinder. If there is a difference in mass, this difference shall be regarded as the approximate acetone shortage. NOTE The tare mass is the mass of the cylinder (without the removable cap) plus the mass of the porous filling, the mass of the valve and the mass of the required amount of acetone saturated with acetylene at atmospheric pressure and temperature Acetone replenishment before filling Cylinders in which the acetone shortage is more than % of the total required acetone content (see ) shall be replenished with a quantity of acetone equal to the shortage. An example of the calculation to determine acetone shortage is as follows: Tare mass stamped on cylinder... Actual mass of cylinder and contents... Mass of excess acetylene determined by calculation... Actual tare mass of cylinder less excess acetylene... Acetone shortage kg 62 kg kg 59 kg kg NOTE Tare mass (i.e. tare S, see the relevant part of ISO 807) includes shell mass, porous substance, valves, guards, acetone and saturated gas. Tare A containers may be imported and this value shall be used in the above calculation. See the relevant part of ISO 807 for clarification between tare S and tare A. 2

26 Acetylene:acetone solvent ratio The ratio of the mass of acetylene (including saturation gas) to the mass of acetone shall be determined by the manufacturer in accordance with ISO 807- and ISO 807-2, and the nominated maximum ratio shall not be exceeded without approval based on a prototype evaluation. The equilibrium pressure at or corrected to 20 C shall not exceed kpa Checks after filling After it has been filled, the cylinder shall be tested in accordance with Class A poisons (see tables and 7) Class A poisons shall not be filled into cylinders of welded construction. Where a cylinder has been used for the storage of poisons, it shall not be used for any other type or class of gas service. 9.8 Filling of containers already in use A container already in use shall not be filled other than in accordance with the details stamped on it. 9.9 Compressed air for SCBA and SCUBA (excluding breathing gas mixtures) 9.9. Additional checks before filling In addition to carrying out an inspection in terms of 9.6., the filler shall ensure that no cylinder equipped with a foot ring is used for underwater service, and that the cylinder is not due for periodic inspection or testing (or both). Where the cylinder has a detachable boot, the filler shall remove the boot and inspect the bottom of the cylinder for signs of external corrosion Filling In addition to the requirements given in 9.6., the following requirements shall apply: a) If the air supplied is from a compressor, the air so supplied shall be guaranteed as suitable for respiration in accordance with the requirements of (b). b) Air filled into a cylinder shall have been filtered, shall be odourless (see NOTE ) and any impurities present shall not exceed the relevant maximums given in table 5 (see NOTE 2). 24 NOTE The average limit of oil that can be smelled is approximately 0, mg/m. NOTE 2 The methods given in table 5 are laboratory and reference methods. c) When other gas mixtures are required for special underwater conditions, the composition of the contents shall be given on the self-adhesive band on the cylinder (see also ). d) The frequency for monitoring the specific qualities/impurities with regard to compressed air are given in table 5. e) A cylinder shall be oxygen cleaned before its first fill in NITROX or TRIMIX if the oxygen concentration is greater than 2 % Details to be recorded when a cylinder is filled For each cylinder filled, the filler shall keep a record with the following information: a) the date of filling;

27 b) the name and address of the owner; c) the manufacturer and country of origin of the cylinder and its serial number; d) the date of the latest examination; e) the type of gas filled into the cylinder; and f) the charging pressure. 0 Handling, storage, transportation and use 0. Handling Containers shall not be subjected to any undue shock. They shall be handled safely and carefully and sliding, rolling and skidding shall be avoided. 0.2 Stacking 0.2. General The maximum height of any stack shall be governed by the stability of the stack and the ease with which containers can be safely placed on or removed from the stack. When gas in a container is in liquid form and the container is fitted with one or more safety devices, the container shall be so stacked that a safety device will liberate gas and not liquid Rules for stacking cylinders for liquefied or dissolved gas All cylinders containing liquid gas shall be stored in a vertical position, resting on their foot rings or specially formed bases All full liquefiable gas cylinders and those containing residual gas shall be stacked in a vertical position during storage. However, new or refurbished containers, containing no liquefied gas, may be stacked horizontally LPG cylinders that are stored vertically (i.e. cylinders that contain liquid or are empty) shall be stored in single-tier rows. Cylinders of 22 L (9 kg LPG) may be double stacked. Cylinders of 4,5 L (6 kg LPG) and less water capacity may be stacked four high in double rows, provided they are designed to be stacked. Other liquefied gas cylinders may be stacked in the same way Cylinders that are stored vertically may be arranged in groups, each containing up to four rows of cylinders, with gangways between the groups New empty cylinders may be stored horizontally. They shall be in single rows or in groups comprising two rows with the valves adjacent to the gangways. The ends of each horizontal row shall be securely wedged Gangways shall be maintained between stacks, walls and fences When pallets or baskets are used, they shall be placed in single rows with gangways between the rows. 0. Storage 0.. The warehousing of dangerous goods shall be done in accordance with the requirements of SANS 0228, SANS and SANS

28 0..2 Containers shall be stored away from boilers, open flames, steam pipes and any other source of heat or potential source of heat. 0.. Containers shall not be exposed to corrosive vapours Containers of compressed gas shall not be stored with flammable substances in other types of containers, e.g. shipping containers Containers shall comply with the requirements of the referenced standards given in clause 2 (see also annex A) Cylinders for underwater use shall be stored dry in the valve-up position Leaking containers, where the leak cannot be stopped quickly and easily, shall be removed to an open space where they will be least dangerous to life and property, and both the supplier and the filler shall be notified. 0.4 Transportation 0.4. General Transportation shall be carried out in accordance with chapter 8 of the Dangerous Goods Regulations of the National Road Traffic Act, 996 (Act No. 9 of 996), and the requirements of SANS When gas containers are packed in an outer container, the pack shall comply with the relevant transportation requirements of the National Road Traffic Act, 996 (Act No. 9 of 996) Containers transported in a vehicle shall be so blocked or braced (or both) as to prevent movement, and shall not project beyond the sides or ends of the vehicle In no instance shall containers be so loaded into a vehicle that they can bounce or strike other objects. There shall be no sharp projections on the inside of the loading space, and acceptable measures shall be taken to prevent containers from falling off the vehicle All full liquefiable gas cylinders and those containing residual gas shall be stacked in a vertical position during transportation. However, new or refurbished containers, containing no liquefied petroleum gas, may be transported and stacked horizontally Mixed transportation When containers with various types of gases are to be transported together, this shall be done in accordance with the regulations of the National Road Traffic Act, 996 (Act No. 9 of 996) Leaking containers In view of the possibility of leakage as a result of minor defects, containers shall be stored in vented areas. In the case of gases heavier than air, care shall be taken to ensure that drains or trenches do not create pockets in which gas might collect. (See SANS and SANS ) If a leaking container is found and the leak cannot be stopped easily and quickly, the container shall be moved immediately to that part of an open space where it is least dangerous to life and property, and both supplier and the filler shall be notified. No leaking container shall be transported. If a leaking container is found, it shall be dealt with as previously described. 26

29 0.4.. Empty containers shall be stored separately from full containers and care shall be taken to ensure that valves are properly closed. Although compressed gas containers are more robust than most other packs for dangerous goods, they shall not be mixed indiscriminately in storage. NOTE The requirements for the storage of dangerous goods given in SANS 026 should be used as a guide Use of containers When a container is supplied to a user, the applicable safety requirements surrounding the safe use of the container and operating instructions shall be supplied to the user on request. General safety precautions. Containers exposed to fires Where it is evident from the condition of the paint that a container has been exposed to fire, it shall be immediately removed from service or its place of storage, and be presented for inspection and evaluation to an approved inspection station, which will follow the requirements of SANS 825 (see also annex A)..2 Position and support of containers in use Containers containing liquefiable gases and containers containing dissolved acetylene shall always be used in the normal upright position for gas or liquid withdrawal and, when relevant, shall be so supported that they cannot be knocked over. Containers that may be used in a horizontal position shall be so secured that they cannot roll. If portable tanks are on their transportation cradles, they shall be secured so that they cannot move.. Reporting of incidents All uncontrolled container failures shall be reported to the appropriate approving authority. The container shall be submitted to the appropriate approving authority for investigation within 7 d (seven days) of the incident. Uncontrolled failures of containers occurring at test and filling stations shall be recorded by them, subject to investigation by the appropriate approving authority. 27

30 Table Class of containers for specific gases a Name of gas Acetylene Air Ammonia Argon Boron trichloride Boron trifluoride Bromochlorodifluoromethane (R 2 B) Bromotrifluoromethane (R B) Butadiene Butane, ison-butane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Chlorine Chlorine trifluoride Chlorotrifluoroethane (R a) Chlorotrifluoromethane (R ) Coal gas Cyanogen chloride Cyclopropane Dichlorodifluoromethane (R 2) Dichloromonofluoromethane (R 2) Dichlorotetrafluoroethane (R 4) Dimethyl ether Ethane Ethylamine, mono- Ethyl chloride Ethylene Ethylene oxide Fluorine Helium Hydrogen Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen sulfide LPG Methane Methylamine, di- Methylamine, mono- Methylamine, tri- Methyl bromide Minimum class of container a Class : seamless metallic containers Class 2: metallic containers of welded construction where all seams have been fully radiographed Class : metallic containers of welded construction where the seams have been partially radiographed in accordance with an approved standard

31 Table (concluded) 2 Name of gas Minimum class of container a Methyl chloride Monochlorodifluoromethane (R 22) Neon Nitrogen Nitrogen dioxide Nitrous oxide Octafluorocyclobutane (RC 8) Oxygen Phosgene Propane Propylene Sulfur dioxide Sulfur hexafluoride Vinyl chloride For any of the specific gases shown in column 2, the class of the container recommended shall be any number up to and including the corresponding number given in column, subject to the provision that when the filling conditions are such that the developed pressure for the gas at reference temperature will exceed kpa, only a class container shall be used. a Class : seamless metallic containers Class 2: metallic containers of welded construction where all seams have been fully radiographed Class : metallic containers of welded construction where the seams have been partially radiographed in accordance with an approved standard 2 Table 2 Reference temperatures 2 4 Reference temperature for developed pressure Water capacity of container C Liquefiable gases Permanent L Low pressure High pressure gases 0,5 up to but not including to 000 inclusive Greater than 000 up to and including

32 Table Properties and pressure groups of permanent gases a Name of gas Air Argon Boron trifluoride Carbon monoxide Coal gas Fluorine Helium Hydrogen Methane Neon Nitrogen Oxygen a b c d e Chemical symbol Dangerous properties b Ar BF T CO F and T(A) F and T F 2 C and T He H 2 F CH 4 F Ne N 2 O 2 Gases that have a critical temperature below 0 C. The properties are indicated as follows: C = corrosive F = flammable T = toxic T(A) = classified as class A poison Critical Developed temperature pressure group c C 2 2 d 2 e ,7 22,0 2, 40,0 29,0 267,9 29,9 82, 228,7 47,0 8,4 The relationship between charging pressures at 20 C and developed pressures at 65 C for the three groups of permanent gases, is given in tables 4 and 5, respectively. When boron trifluoride is filled into a container manufactured in accordance with this standard, the maximum charging pressure shall not exceed 60 % of the maximum service pressure of the container. When boron trifluoride is filled into a container not manufactured in accordance with this standard and that is designed to be filled with permanent gases at a pressure of 900 kpa at 20 C ( 650 kpa at 5 C), the maximum charging pressure at 20 C shall be kpa. The mass of fluorine filled into any container shall not exceed 5,5 kg. The pressure at 20 C shall not exceed kpa, and the maximum service pressure of the container shall not exceed kpa. 0

33 Table 4 Permanent gases: charging pressures and corresponding developed pressures a 2 4 Charging pressure Developed pressure at 65 C at 20 C kpa (gauge) b a b kpa Group Group 2 Group See annex E for more information on developed pressure for permanent gases. Values for charging pressures other than those given in column may be obtained by linear interpolation.

34 Table 5 Permanent gases: developed pressures and corresponding charging pressures a 2 4 Developed pressure at 65 C Charging pressure at 20 C kpa a kpa (gauge) Group Group 2 Group Values for charging pressures other than those given in columns 2, and 4 may be obtained by linear interpolation. 2

35 Table 6 High-pressure liquefiable gases a Gas name UN number Chemical symbol Critical Minimum test Dangerous temperature pressure properties b C kpa gauge Filling ratio Pressure relief device Developed pressure at 65 C kpa gauge Acetylene c 00 C 2 H 2 F 5, Bromotrifluoromethane (R B) 009 CBrF A 66,8 Carbon dioxide 0 CO 2 A 0, Chlorotrifluoromethane (R ) 022 CCIF A 28, ,60,44 0,75 0,667 0,6,0,04 0,90 0, Diborane 9 B 2 H 6 T, F 6, ,07 Forbidden Ethane 05 C 2 H 6 F 2, Ethylene 962 C 2 H 4 F 9,2 Hydrogen chloride 050 HCI C, T 5,5 Nitrous oxide 070 N 2 O O 6,4 a b c ,29 0,25 0,25 0,27 0,70 0,60 0,75 0,667 0, Gases that have a critical temperature below 0 C The properties are indicated as follows: A = asphyxiant, C = corrosive, F = flammable, O = oxidizing, T = toxic Acetylene is not a liquefiable gas, but is a gas dissolved under pressure in acetone. Because the porous substance in acetylene cylinders prevents conventional internal inspections and because the cylinders are subjected to very severe handling in service, the developed pressure of the gas at reference temperature (4 900 kpa at 65 C) is considered unacceptable for design purposes, and the minimum wall thickness shall be based on a hydrostatic test pressure, as given in the design standard.

36 4 Table 6 (concluded) Gas name UN number Chemical symbol Critical Minimum test Dangerous temperature pressure properties b C kpa gauge Silane 220 SiH 4 F,5 Silicon tetrafluoride 859 SiF 4 C,T 4,2 Sulfur hexafluoride 080 SF 6 A 45,6 Trifluoromethane (R 2) 984 CHF A 26,0 a b c Filling ratio 0,6 0,2,0 0,74,4,27 0,95 0,87 Pressure relief device Developed pressure at 65 C kpa gauge Forbidden Gases that have a critical temperature below 0 C The properties are indicated as follows: A = asphyxiant, C = corrosive, F = flammable, O = oxidizing, T = toxic Acetylene is not a liquefiable gas, but is a gas dissolved under pressure in acetone. Because the porous substance in acetylene cylinders prevents conventional internal inspections and because the cylinders are subjected to very severe handling in service, the developed pressure of the gas at reference temperature (4 900 kpa at 65 C) is considered unacceptable for design purposes, and the minimum wall thickness shall be based on a hydrostatic test pressure, as given in the design standard.

37 Table 7 Low-pressure liquefiable gases a Gas name UN number Chemical symbol Critical Minimum test Dangerous temperature pressure properties b C kpa gauge Filling ratio c Pressure relief device Developed pressure at 65 C kpa gauge Ammonia 005 NH C,T 2,4 00 0, Boron trichloride 74 BCl C,T 78,8 000,9 Forbidden 99 Bromochlorodifluoromethane (R 2 B) 974 CBrCIF 2 A 5,7 000,6 69,2 Butadiene 00 CH 2 :C:CHCH F 76, 000 0,59, Butadiene 00 CH 2 :CHCH:CH 2 F 52, ,55 n-butane 0 C 4 H 0 F 52, ,5 620 Chlorine 07 Cl 2 C,T 44, , Chlorine trifluoride 749 CIF C,T,O 5,7 000,40 Forbidden 64 Chlorodifluoromethane (R 22) 08 CHClF 2 A 96, , Chlorotrifluoroethane (R a) 98 CH 2 ClCF A 50,0 000,8 570 Commercial butane 0 C 4 H 0 F 50, , Commercial propane 978 C H 8 F 95, , Cyanogen chloride 589 CClN C,T 25, ,0 Forbidden 462 Cyclopropane 027 C H 6 F 25, ,5 869 Dichlorodifluoromethane (R 2) 028 CCl 2 F 2 A 2,0 800,5 598 Dichlorofluoromethane (R 2) 029 CHCl 2 F A 78,5 000,2 494 Dichlorotetrafluoroethane (R 4) 958 C 2 Cl 2 F 4 A 45,7 000,0 550 a b Gases that have a critical temperature below 0 C. The properties are indicated as follows: A = asphyxiant, C = corrosive, F = flammable, O = oxidizing, T = toxic, T(A) = classified as class A poison c For design purposes, LPG containers use the ratio 0,425.

38 6 Table 7 (concluded) Gas name Developed Critical Minimum test Pressure UN Chemical Dangerous Filling pressure at temperature pressure number symbol properties b ratio c relief 65 C device C kpa gauge kpa gauge Dimethylamine 02 (CH ) 2 NH F 64, ,59 60 Dimethyl ether 0 C 2 H 6 O F 26, ,58 57 Ethylamine 06 C 2 H 7 N F 8, ,6 Forbidden 99 Ethylene oxide 040 C 2 H 4 O F, T 95, ,78 Forbidden 48 Hydrogen cyanide 05 HCN F, T(A) 8, ,55 Forbidden 275 Hydrogen sulfide 05 H 2 S F, T 00, ,67 Forbidden 4 74 LPG 075 F 95, , Methylamine 06 CH NH 2 F 56,9 00 0,58 Forbidden 08 Methyl bromide (R 40 B ) 062 CH Br T 94,0 000,5 Forbidden 559 Methyl chloride (R 40) 06 CH Cl F 4, ,8 Forbidden 46 Nitrosyl chloride 069 NOCI C, T 67,5 00,0 Forbidden 058 Octafluorocyclobutane (RC 8) 976 C 4 F 8 A 5, 00,4 857 Propane 978 C H 8 F 96, , Propylene 077 C H 6 F 92, , Sulfur dioxide 079 SO 2 C, T 57,5 400,2 Forbidden 72,,,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R 4a) 59 CF CH 2 F A 0, 2 200,04 Trimethylamine 08 C H 9 N F 60, ,56 Forbidden 559 Vinyl chloride (R 40) 086 C 2 H Cl F 56, ,8 Forbidden 09 a b c Gases that have a critical temperature below 0 C. The properties are indicated as follows: A = asphyxiant, C = corrosive, F = flammable, O = oxidizing, T = toxic, T(A) = classified as class A poison For design purposes, LPG containers use the ratio 0,425.

39 Table 8 Schedule of cylinder valve outlet connections for various gases Gas UN No. Chemical symbol Class Subsidiary risk a Outlet connection number or description b Thread type Acetylene, dissolved 00 C 2 H LH female 2 Air RH female Ammonia cylinders 005 NH 2. 8 CGA 240 c or CGA 660 c 4 Ammonia drums 005 NH 2. 8 ¾" ACME or CGA 660 c RH female/ RH male RH male (both) 5 Ammonia U.H.P. 005 NH 2. 8 CGA 720 c RH male 6 Argon 006 Ar 2.2 RH female 7 Butane 0 C 4 H 0 2. SANS 99 d 8 Carbon dioxide 0 CO RH male 9 Carbon monoxide 06 CO LH female 0 Chlorine 07 Cl 2. 8 CGA 660 c RH male Ethylene 962 C 2 H LH female 2 Ethylene oxide 040 C 2 H 4 O LH male cylinders Ethylene oxide (ETO) 040 C 2 H 4 O LH male drums 4 ETO/CO 2 mixture 04 C 2 H 4 O/ CO LH female 5 Helium 046 He 2.2 RH female 6 Hydrogen 049 H LH female 7 LPG 075 C 4 H 0 / C H 8 2. SANS 99 d 8 Medical gases SANS 407 e 9 Methane 97 CH LH female 20 Nitrogen 066 N ¾" BSP RH female 2 Nitrous oxide 070 N 2 O RH male 22 Oxygen 072 O RH female 2 Propane 978 C H 8 2. SANS 99 d 24 Sulfur dioxide 079 SO CGA 240 c RH female 25 Sulfur hexafluoride 080 SF RH male BSP = British Standard Pipe ACME = American Chemical and Mechanical Engineering a Class and subsidiary risk shall be in accordance with SANS 02. b Unless otherwise specified, outlet connection numbers shall be from BS 4- and BS 4-4. c CGA valve numbers for valve outlets shall be in accordance with the Compressed Gas Association of USA s Valve Outlet Document, CGA V. d Outlets connections for butane, LPG and propane are specified in SANS 99. See also 5.. e Medical gas container valve outlets using the pin-index system of connections are specified in SANS 407. Where a bullnose connection is used for medical gas cylinders, see SANS 407 for specified medical gases. 7

40 Table 9 Schedule of cylinder valve outlets for refrigerants class Description Small refillable cylinders (2, L water capacity) Outlet connection EN 44-; ISO 228- G ⅝ (BSP) and /4" SAE Flare CGA 65 a Large refillable cylinders (62 L water capacity) EN 44-; ISO 228- G ⅝ (BSP) and BS 4- No. 6 0,5 ton containers CGA 660 a,0 ton drums (nominal 900 L water capacity) EN 44-; ISO 228- G ⅝ (BSP) and BS 4- No. 6 High pressure refillable cylinders BSP = British standard pipe NOTE All outlets are RH male. EN 44-; ISO 228- G ⅝ (BSP) and BS 4- No.6 NOTE 2 If required, more details regarding refrigerant outlets can be obtained from the South African Fluorocarbon Association. a CGA valve numbers for valve outlets shall be in accordance with the Compressed Gas Association of USA s Valve Outlet Document, CGA V. Table 0 Neck threads for containers 2 Container types Threads Class steel cylinders a) for high pressure industrial service 25 E thread to ISO 0920 b) small diameter cylinders (e.g. cylinder diameter less than 40 mm) 8 T thread to BS 4- or 7 E thread to ISO 6- or 25 E thread to ISO Class aluminium cylinders Parallel thread in conjunction with an effective O-ring seal (e.g. M 25 2 for large cylinders 0 L water capacity and above, or M 8,5 for cylinders below 0 L water capacity) or Threads as specified for class steel cylinders Class 2 and cylinders of water capacity not 8 T thread to BS 4- or exceeding 5 L intended for low-pressure liquefiable gas (excluding LPG) 7 E thread to ISO 6-4 Class 2 and cylinders of water capacity 25 E thread to ISO 0920 or exceeding 5 L intended for low-pressure liquefiable gas (excluding LPG) ¾ 4 NGT 5 Class and 2 dissolved acetylene cylinders a) smaller than 0 L 8 T thread to BS 4- b) larger than 0 L 25 E thread to ISO 0920 or,025 inch to BS 4- or 7 E to ISO 6-6 LPG cylinders Threads specified in SANS 99 (see also 5.) 7 SCUBA cylinders M 25 2 parallel thread in conjunction with an effective O-ring seal 8 Fire-suppressant cylinder necks (cylinders used in fixed installations only) NGT = National gas thread Based on internationally accepted practice in accordance with UL in the USA 8

41 Table 0 (concluded) 2 Container types Threads 9 There are cylinders with internal and external threads and others with only an external thread: a) Internal thread G to ISO 228- External thread G /2 B to ISO 228- and M g to SANS , SANS and SANS b) Internal thread inch NGT External thread W80X/ c) Internal thread None External thread 2½ inch-2un-2a NGT = National gas thread Table Colour marking of gas cylinders Name of gas Chemical Colour of cylinder body a Colour(s) of shoulder b symbol Acetylene C 2 H 2 Maroon 800-R0B 2 Air French grey 400-G50Y Air, synthetic c Protea 020-Y80R 4 Ammonia NH Aluminium Signal red 580-Y90R and Golden yellow 070-Y20R 5 Argon Ar Peacock blue 5040-B20G 6 Carbon dioxide CO 2 Light Brunswick green 5540-G0Y 7 Chlorine Cl 2 Golden yellow 070-Y20R 8 Chlorine (cylinder with Cl 2 Golden yellow 070-Y20R Black S 9000-N dip pipe) 9 Ethylene C 2 H 4 Dark violet 5040-R50B Signal red 580-Y90R 0 Ethylene oxide C 2 H 4 O Dark violet 5040-R50B Signal red 580-Y90R and Golden yellow 070-Y20R Helium He Middle brown 7020-Y40R 2 Hydrogen H 2 Signal red 580-Y90R Methane CH 4 Signal red 580-Y90R Black (band) S 9000-N 4 Neon Ne Middle brown 7020-Y40R Black S 9000-N 5 Nitrogen N 2 French grey 400-G50Y Black S 9000-N 6 Oxygen O 2 Black S 9000-N 7 Special gas Protea 020-Y80R 8 Sulfur dioxide SO 2 Light Brunswick green 5540-G0Y Golden yellow 070-Y20R NOTE The finish of the above paint colours is semi-gloss (sheen). a The colours specified are in accordance with the Scandinavian Colour Institute AB, Stockholm, Sweden (NCS System). Swatches of all the above colours are available from the SABS (see SANS 09). b Where a second colour band is stated, the second band should be adjacent to the shoulder colour. c All synthetic air cylinders shall be stencilled or have labels affixed to them stating "NOT FOR BREATHING". This requirement is over and above the normal shoulder label stating the type of gas in the cylinder. Industrial Synthetic Air and High Purity (Zero Air) shall be labelled accordingly. NOTE Synthetic Air is made up of pure oxygen and pure nitrogen, the oxygen content being a volume fraction of 2 %. 9

42 Table 2 Refrigerant cylinder colour chart 2 Gas reference R22 R2 R24 R25 R4a R404a R406a R407c R408a R409a R40a R507 Colour of cylinder shroud/collar S0540-G S50-R90B S555-B80G S00-Y S050-B S0580-Y60R S020-G40Y S050-Y50R S2060-R40B S020-Y20R S040-R20B S2050-B70G NOTE The colour references are based on the National Colour System (NCS) and have been agreed to by the South African Fluorocarbon Association. Colours for refrigerant gases that are not listed above can be found in ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers). 40

43 Table Pre-fill inspection rejection criteria for all cylinders other than welded LPG cylinders 2 Condition Rejection criteria Arc or torch burns Localized heat-affected zone plus addition of weld metal or removal of metal by grinding, filing, etc. Bulges Visible swelling Chain pitting, line or channel (or both) corrosion Cracks Crevice corrosion Cuts or gouges Dents Depressed bung Fire damage General corrosion Isolated pits Plug or neck inserts Stamping Suspicious marks Vertical instability When any one condition affects 50 % or more of the diameter of the cylinder Split in material When this occurs close to an opening in a welded steel cylinder or If the depth is greater than 20 % of the original wall thickness in welded and seamless cylinders When metal has been removed and the depth of the cut or gouge is greater than 0 % of the cylinder wall thickness Dent is greater than % of the cylinder diameter or Diameter of the dent is greater than 5 times the depth of the dent When the profile of a welded cylinder has changed from the original shape When there is excessive general or local heating, e.g. a) burning and charred paint b) burning of metal c) distortion of cylinder d) melting of valve parts e) melting of any plastic parts, such as test ring, guard or cap If the original surface of the metal cannot be seen Pits up to 5 mm in diameter Additional inserts to base or wall, which are not part of the original design, e.g. pipes, nuts and bolts Any stamp markings on the parallel part of the cylinder wall. Any alterations, illegible, incorrect or inadequate markings Marks introduced other than by the manufacturer or an approved test station Any stacking of cylinders which creates an unstable condition such that cylinders might fall 4

44 Table 4 Pre-fill inspection rejection criteria for LPG welded steel cylinders Arc or torch burns Bulges 2 Condition Chain pitting, line or channel (or both) corrosion Cracks Crevice corrosion Cuts or gouges Dents Depressed bung Fire damage General corrosion Isolated pits Plug or neck inserts Stamping Suspicious marks Vertical instability Rejection criteria Localized heat-affected zone plus addition of weld metal or removal of metal by grinding, filing, etc. Visible swelling When any one condition affects 50 % or more of the diameter of the cylinder Split in material When this occurs close to an opening in a welded steel cylinder or If the depth is greater than 20 % of the original wall thickness in welded and seamless cylinders When metal has been removed and the depth of the cut or gouge is greater than 0 % of the cylinder wall thickness When the depth of the dent exceeds 25 % of its width at any point When the profile of the cylinder has changed from the original shape When there is excessive general or local heating, e.g. a) burning and charred paint b) burning of metal c) distortion of cylinder d) melting of valve parts e) melting of any plastic parts, such as test ring, guard or cap If the original surface of the metal cannot be seen When there is more than one pit per 500 mm 2 of the surface area Additional inserts to base or wall, which are not part of the original design, e.g. pipes, nuts and bolts Any stamp markings on the parallel part of the cylinder wall. Any alterations, illegible, incorrect or inadequate markings Marks introduced other than by the manufacturer or an approved test station Any stacking of cylinders which creates an unstable condition such that cylinders might fall 42

45 Table 5 Impurities in compressed air for breathing 2 Chemical Limit a Impurity symbol max. Carbon monoxide CO 0,00 % Carbon dioxide CO 2 0,05 % Water: Lubricants (droplets or mist) 0,5 mg/m a) Water (compressor system outlet) H 2 O 25 mg/m b) Water (in cylinder 40 bar -200 bar) 50 mg/m c) Water (in cylinder > 200 bar) 5 mg/m Odour and taste None Solid particles (dust, foreign matter, etc.) 0,5 mg/m larger than 5,0 µm Sampling and testing Any appropriate method may be employed, provided it complies with the following general requirements for measuring and assessing results: a) the accuracy of the method shall be taken into consideration; and b) the detection limit of the method employed shall be below the required limit value. Frequencies for monitoring impurities in compressed air for breathing Monthly measurements of lubricants, CO 2 and CO from the compressor should be made with indicator tubes or other analysis equipment. Where equipment is used infrequently, such as only for one or two days a week, the period may be extended but should not exceed three months. This will include mobile compressors. If synthetic lubricants are used, additional tests should be carried out at initial commissioning, after a major overhaul, and every six months, with equipment that can detect hazardous constituents of the lubricant and its breakdown products. Monitoring An employer or user shall ensure that the measurement programme for the impurities in compressed air for breathing, received from a compressor and to which a person can be exposed, is carried out by an approved inspection authority or by a person whose ability to do the measurement is verified by an approved inspection authority. Results The results of the measurements shall be made available for perusal to an inspector of the Department of Labour or a user on request. a At or corrected to a temperature of 20 C and a pressure of 0, kpa and, except in the case of water content, calculated on a moisture-free basis. 4

46 Annex A (normative) List of current approved manufacturing standards for the importation and manufacture of gas containers in South Africa A. Australia No. Standard Description Status AS 777 Aluminium cylinders for compressed gases Seamless 0. kg to 0 kg 2 AS 2468 Steel cylinders for compressed gases Brazed 0. kg to kg AS 2470 Steel cylinders for compressed gases Welded three-piece construction with longitudinal joint kg to 50 kg 4 AS 2527 Cylinders for dissolved acetylene 5 AS 2875 Alloy steel cylinders for compressed gases Seamless 0. kg to 500 kg 6 AS 577 Steel cylinders for compressed gases Welded 50 kg to 500 kg A.2 Canada (Canadian Transport Commission Regulations) No. Standard Description Status TC 4BA Welded or brazed cylinders made of definitely prescribed steels 2 TC 4BW Welded steel cylinders made of definitely prescribed steels with electric-arc welded longitudinal seam A. France No. Standard Description Status CODAP 2000 Gas cylinders seamless steel cylinders for compressed, liquefied or dissolved gases A.4 Germany (German Institute of Standards, standard specifications) No. Standard Description Status DIN 466 parts - 7 Gas cylinders, welded steel gas cylinders, test pressure 0 atü 2 Druckgas Verordnung Seamless steel gas cylinders 44

47 A.5 International Standards Organizations, European Norms, standard specifications and EEC directives No. Standard Description Status EEC 84/525 Council Directive of 7 September 984 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to seamless, steel gas cylinders 2 EEC 84/526 Council Directive of 7 September 984 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to seamless, unalloyed aluminium and aluminium alloy gas cylinders EEC 84/527 Council Directive of 7 September 984 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to welded unalloyed steel gas cylinders 4 EN 442 LPG Equipment and accessories Transportable refillable welded steel cylinders for LPG Design and construction 5 EN 800 Transportable gas cylinders Acetylene cylinders Basic requirements, definitions and type testing 6 EN 964- Transportable gas cylinders Specification for the design and construction of refillable transportable seamless steel gas cylinders of water capacities from 0,5 litre up to and including 50 litres Part : Cylinders made of seamless steel with an R<(Index)m> value of less than 00 Mpa 7 EN Transportable gas cylinders Specification for the design and construction of refillable transportable seamless steel gas cylinders of water capacities from 0,5 litre up to and including 50 litres Part 2: Cylinders made of seamless steel with an R<(Index)m> value of 00 MPa and above 8 EN 975 Transportable gas cylinders Specification for the design and construction of refillable transportable seamless aluminium and aluminium alloy gas cylinders of capacity from 0,5 litre up to 50 litre 9 EN 2205 Transportable gas cylinders Non-refillable metallic gas cylinders 0 EN 2245 Transportable gas cylinders Fully wrapped composite cylinders EN 2862 Transportable gas cylinders Specification for the design and construction of refillable transportable welded aluminium alloy gas cylinders 2 EN 29 Transportable gas cylinders Specification for the design and construction of refillable transportable seamless normalized carbon manganese steel gas cylinders of water capacity up to 0,5 litre for compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases and up to litre for carbon dioxide EN 22- Transportable gas cylinders Refillable welded steel gas cylinders Design and construction Part : Carbon steel 4 EN 445 Parts -6, 8 Unfired pressure vessels 5 EN 440 LPG equipment and accessories Transportable refillable welded steel cylinders for LPG Alternative design and construction 6 EN 4208 Transportable gas cylinders Specification for welded pressure drums up to 000 litre capacity for the transport of gases Design and construction 7 ISO 807- Cylinders for acetylene Basic requirements Part : Cylinders without fusible plugs 8 ISO Cylinders for acetylene Basic requirements Part 2: Cylinders with fusible plugs 45

48 No. Standard Description Status 9 ISO ISO ISO ISO 8 2 ISO 9-24 ISO ISO 9-26 ISO ISO 2070 Gas cylinders Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders Design, construction and testing Part : Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strength less than 00 MPa Gas cylinders Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders Design, construction and testing. Part 2: Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strength greater than or equal to 00 MPa Gas cylinders Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders Design, construction and testing Part : Normalized steel cylinders Gas cylinders Non-refillable metallic gas cylinders Specification and test methods Gas cylinders of composite construction Specification and test methods Part : Hoop wrapped composite gas cylinders Gas cylinders of composite construction Specification and test methods Part 2: Fully wrapped fibre reinforced composite gas cylinders with load-sharing metal liners Gas cylinders of composite construction Specification and test methods Part : Fully wrapped fibre reinforced composite gas cylinders with non-load-sharing metallic or non-metallic liners Gas cylinders Refillable seamless steel tubes of water capacity between 50 L and 000 L Design, construction and testing Gas cylinders Refillable welded aluminium-alloy cylinders Design, construction and testing A.6 Italy (Higher Institute for Accident Prevention and Safety at Work (Istituto Superiore per la Prevenzione e la Sicurezza del Lavoro) ISPESL rules) No. Standard Description Status VSR Rules Collection (Raccolta VSR) concerning design rules for pressure vessels 2 Italian Regulations (series XIX of NI) Design and independent inspection of gas cylinders (SAIGAS) A.7 Japan No. Standard Description Status JIS B 8240 Construction of pressure vessels for refrigeration 2 JIS B 824 Seamless steel gas cylinders A.8 Luxfer Limited, standard specification No. Standard Description Status Luxint Luxfer gas cylinder specification: For the manufacture of aluminium cylinders 46

49 A.9 United Kingdom No. Standard Description Status BS BS Transportable gas containers. Specification for steel containers of 0.5 L up to 450 L water capacity with welded seams Transportable gas containers. Specification for seamless containers of less than 0.5 litre water capacity Partially replaced by EN 22- Partially replaced by EN 29 BS Transportable gas containers. Specification for seamless steel gas containers of water capacity 0.5 L up to 5 L for special portable applications 4 BS Transportable gas containers. Specification for seamless aluminium alloy gas containers of water capacity 0.5 L up to 5 L and up to 00 bar charged pressure at 5 ºC for special portable applications 5 PD 5500 Specification for unfired fusion welded pressure vessels A.0 United States (Department of Transport Regulations (Code of Federal Regulations Title 49)) No. Standard Description Status ASME-BPVC Section VIII, Divisions and 2 Boiler and pressure vessel code Section VIII: Rules for the construction of pressure vessels 2 DOT A Seamless steel cylinders up to 000 lbs water volume. Service pressure 50 psi Minimum DOT AA Seamless steel cylinders made of definitely prescribed steels up to 000lbs water volume. Service pressure 50 psi Minimum 4 DOT AL Seamless aluminium cylinders up to 000 lbs water volume and max service pressure 50 psi 5 DOT AX Seamless stainless steel cylinders of capacity over 000 lbs water volume. Service pressure at least 500 psi 6 DOT AAX Seamless steel cylinders made of definitely prescribed steel of capacity over 000 lbs water volume. Service pressure 500 psi Minimum 7 DOT E Seamless steel cylinders with a maximum out side diameter 2 inches. Service pressure 800 psi Maximum 8 DOT 4A Forge Welded steel cylinders 9 DOT 4B Welded steel cylinders made from low carbon steel up to 000 lbs water volume. Service pressure between 50 and 500 psi 0 DOT 4E Welded aluminium cylinders made of definitely prescribed aluminium up to 000 lbs water volume. Service pressure between 225 and 500 psi DOT 4BA Welded steel cylinders made of definitely prescribed steels up to 000 lbs water volume. Service pressure between 225 and 500 psi 2 DOT 4BW Welded steel cylinders made of definitely prescribed steels with electric-arc welded longitudinal seam. Service pressure between 225 and 500 psi DOT 8 Welded steel cylinders made of definitely prescribed steel for the transportation of acetylene. Service pressure 250 psi. Incorporates CGA C-2 47

50 Table (concluded) No. Standard Description Status 4 DOT 8AL 5 DOT 9 6 DOT E-020 Steel cylinders with approved porous filling for acetylene. Service pressure 250 psi. Incorporates CGA C-2 Non-reusable (non-refillable) cylinders. Service pressure not to exceed 80 % of the test pressure Welded steel cylinders made of definitely prescribed steels electric-arc welded longitudinal seam for the transportation of acetylene A. South Africa No. Standard Description Status SABS 220 Dissolved acetylene cylinders 2 SANS 99 Transportable refillable welded stainless steel cylinders for low pressure gases Alternative design and construction SANS 5 Portable rechargeable fire extinguishers Halogenated hydrocarbon type extinguishers 4 SANS 475 Parts and 2 The production of reconditioned fire-fighting equipment 5 SANS 58 Transport of dangerous goods Design, construction, testing, approval and maintenance of road vehicles and portable tanks 6 SANS 567 Portable rechargeable fire extinguishers CO 2 type extinguishers 7 SANS 79 Low pressure welded steel cylinders for fire extinguishers 8 SANS 90 Portable refillable fire extinguishers Refillable welded steel gas cylinders 9 SANS 4706 NOTE This is front-ended by SABS 792- (LPG fuel tanks for motor vehicles) and SANS (Local requirements) 0 SANS 7866 Gas cylinders Refillable seamless aluminium alloy gas cylinders Design, construction and testing SANS 009 Transportable containers for compressed, dissolved and liquefied gases Basic design, manufacture, use and maintenance 2 SANS Uniform provisions concerning I. approval of specific equipment of motor vehicles using liquefied petroleum gases in their propulsion system, II. approval of a vehicle fitted with specific equipment for the use of liquefied petroleum gases in its propulsion system with regard to the installation of such equipment SANS 200 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of: I. Specific components of motor vehicles using compressed natural gas (CNG) in their propulsion system; II Vehicles with regard to the installation of specific components of an approved type for the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) in their propulsion system 48

51 Annex B (informative) Frequency of inspections and tests 2 Frequency Contents of container Internal inspection Hydrostatic test Non-corrosive a gas (other than acetylene) a) At a developed pressure not exceeding 500 kpa: ) Container b Every 0 years If there is evidence of corrosion or damage, repair container and test hydrostatically 2) Transportable container b Every 0 years Whenever an internal inspection is done ) Transportable vessel b Every 0 years Whenever an internal inspection is done b) At a developed pressure exceeding 500 kpa: ) Container Every 0 years Every 0 years 2) Transportable container Every 0 years Every 0 years ) Transportable vessel Every 0 years Every 0 years Acetylene Monolithic porous mass Every 0 years Every time the porous mass is removed Non-monolithic porous mass Every 2 years Corrosive a gas a) Container Every 5 years Every 5 years b) Transportable container Every 5 years Every 5 years c) Transportable vessel Every 5 years Every 5 years Respirable gas for breathing a) Containers for underwater use (SCUBA) Every year Every 4 years b) Containers for surface use (SCBA) Every 2 years Every 4 years The re-test frequencies shall also be applicable to medical gas cylinders. a b Corrosive gases are indicated in column of table. LPG containers are exempt from these requirements but shall be internally inspected whenever they are hydrostatically tested in terms of column. 49

52 Annex C (normative) Schedule of SCUBA and SCBA cylinder colour coding and labels Description Gas type Air Pure oxygen Nitrox Body colour Golden Yellow Black Golden Yellow Golden Yellow Shoulder colour French Grey White French Grey French Grey Adhesive band colour N/A N/A Clear a Clear a Adhesive band size N/A N/A 00 mm 80 mm 00 mm 80 mm Lettering N/A N/A NITROX TRIMIX Lettering colour N/A N/A Green Green Contents label (as specified) N/A N/A NEEDED NEEDED a The adhesive band is normally clear and the colour of the cylinder body should show through with the words of the type of gas in the correct letter colouring. NITROX OXYGEN % TRIMIX OXYGEN % HELIUM % 50

53 Annex D (normative) Placement of cylinders Figure D. Correct and incorrect placement of cylinders Figure D.2 Directional arrows on cylinders 5