Downloaded from sjsph.tums.ac.ir at 9:42 IRST on Sunday January 20th HAZOP : . HAZOP

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1 25-32 : : - : 1390/10/27 : adljavad@sina.tums.ac.ir : 1390/3/24 : :.. :... HAZOP : AEA HAZOP... HAZOP. 40 :. : -. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Hazard Analysis and Operability Study (HAZOP),Action Error Analysis (AEA), Management Oversight and Risk Tree Analysis (MORT)..(Adl 1992 a).

2 / (Suokas and Kakko 1989)... People Equipment Material Environment (PEME) (Adl 1992b) ) ( FMEA..(McDermott et al ) HAZOP. Human Reliability Manuele ).( (Ericson 2005) 1990 Leveson ) Loss Lee.(1995 prevention in the Process Industry.(Mannan 2005)

3 27 /.... H c H sh H m H f HIE H h. H c H sh, H m, H f AEA HAZOP Suokas and pyy 1988; Suokan and ).(Veikko AEA HAZOP..(Suokas 1985) HAZOP, FMEA MORT (Shake Down) Commissioning and ) (Early Operation... Hazard Identification Effectiveness (HIE). AEA HAZOP. 1 FMEA, HAZOP, 5 Commissioning and Shake Down MORT Early Operation H s = + H s 1 HIE. HAZOP MORT FMEA 1 HAZOP. (HIE) : H s H h HAZOP

4 / 28 HAZOP Fault tree.(cantrel and Clemens 2009). HAZOP HIE.. 1. AEA HAZOP Mannan. HAZOP.(Mannan 2005)... Mannan ).(2005; Cantrel and Clemens 2009 AEA. H s. (HIE). HAZOP 1 Commissioning and Early Operation MORT. 1 AEA HAZOP HAZOP AEA... HAZOP AEA 2 HAZOP. 20 AEA ) HAZOP - (.

5 29 / AEA HAZOP 80. HAZOP FMEA HAZOP AEA.....(Mannan 2005).. : -1.

6 / 30 AEA HAZOP -1 HIE () ) 1 ( Commissioning and Early Operation 22 HAZOP ) 2 ( ) 1 ( ) 2 ( ( 7) Commissioning and Early Operation Commissioning and Early Operation Commissioning and Early Operation AEA, Work Safety Analysis (JSA/JHA), Mishap Investigation or Mishap Database AEA, FMEA, MORT HAZOP AEA AEA HAZOP HAZOP Hazard Identification Effectiveness - HIE -1 ((Suokas 1989) )

7 31 / AEA HAZOP -2

8 / 32 References Adl, J., 1992 a. Safety Performance and its close relationship with Occupational Health. Journal of Industry and Safety, 21, pp [In Persian]. Adl, J., 1992 b. Safety Standards. Journal of Standard and Iranian Products, 15, pp [In Persian]. Cantrel, S., Clemens, P., Finding All the Hazards. Journal of Professional Safety, Nov. pp Ericson, C., Hazard Analysis Techniques for System Safety, John Wiley and Sons, New York. Leveson, N., Safeware: System Safety and Computers. Addison -Wesley Reading, MA. Leveson, N., Safeware system safety and computers. Addison- Wesley Reading, MA. Mannan, S., ed., Lees' Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. Elsevier Butterworth- Heinemann, Burlington, MA. Manuele, F., Advanced Safety Management Focusing on Z10 and Serious Injury Prevention, John Wiley and Sons, New York. McDermott, R.E., Mikulak, R.J. and Beauregard, M.R., The Basics of FMEA, 2 nd E., CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, New York. Suokas, J., On the Reliability and Validity of Safety Analysis. Technical Report Publications 25, Espoo, Finland: Technical Research Center of Finland. Suokas, J. and Kakko, R., On the Problems and Future of Safety and Risk Analysis. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 21, pp Suokas, J. and Pyy, P., Evaluation of the Validity of Four Hazard Identification Methods with Event Descriptions. Research Reports 516, Espoo, Finland: Technical Research Center of Finland. Suokas, J. and Veikko, R., Quality Control in Safety and Risk Analysis. Journal of Loss Prevention in Process Industry, 2, pp

9 Scientific Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research Vol. 10, No. 1, Spring 2012 Assessment of the effectiveness of detection techniques to identify existing hazards in the industry Adl, J., Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran -Corresponding author: Mohseni, M., MSc. Department of HSE, National Iranian Refining and Distribution of Oil Products Company, Tehran, Iran Received: Jun 13, 2011 Accepted: Jan 16, 2012 ABSTRACT Background and Aim: The first step in establishing a safety system is hazard identification. If this is not done properly, the subsequent steps steps will not be done effectively either. Since any given identification technique often targets the hazards of one or two of the main elements of a safety system, it is not possible to identify all hazards by a single technique Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the available scientific literature aiming at finding practicable hazard identification techniques that can potentially determine the highest number (%) of hazards in a safety system. First five techniques were implemented and the number of identified hazards by each was determined, followed by calculation of the coefficient of hazard identification effectiveness for each technique. Using this approach two techniques in two different safety systems were tested Results: The number of hazards identified using the hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP) technique, and, as a result, its coefficient of hazard identification effectiveness was the highest as compared to other techniques. Individually, the HAZOP and AEA techniques, used as primary hazard identification techniques, identified only 20-80% of all the hazards which could otherwise be identified if all identification techniques had been used. Conclusion: The results show that the HAZOP technique can identify a higher number of hazards than any other technique. However, if used alone, this technique will probably identify only 40% of all the hazards. The important point is that selection of an appropriate technique plays an important role in identifying a higher number of hazards. Key words: Industrial Safety, System safety, Hazard identification techniques, Comparison of technique effectiveness, Coefficient of hazard identification effectiveness