Read ENTIRE lab up to Disposal Section. MAKE NOTES!!! **For Procedures, Highlight equipment used and circle quantities measured out.
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1 Lab Ch 2 Mass, Volume, & Density Lab Partners: READ Prelab!!! Read ENTIRE lab up to Disposal Section. MAKE NOTES!!! **For Procedures, Highlight equipment used and circle quantities measured out. Density is a physical property of a substance and is often used to identify what the substance is. Density can be computed by using he equation Density=Mass/Volume. Mass and volume measurements can be made in the laboratory. Mass can be determined by using a balance. If the object has a regular shape, such as a cube or a cylinder, volume can be calculated from length measurements. However, most objects have irregular shapes, and the volume must be determined indirectly. One way to measure he volume of an irregularly shaped item that does not dissolve in or react with water is by water displacement. An item that is entirely submerged in water will displace a volume of water equal to its volume. It is necessary to use the proper units when calculating the density of a substance. Densities of liquids and solids are usually expressed in terms of g/ml or g/cm 3. Densities of gases are usually expressed in g/l. Problem How can you find the densities of objects by using water displacement to measure their volumes? Materials Chemicals can of non-diet soft drink can of diet soft drink DI water Equipment 100mL graduated cylinder 2000mL beaker Electronic Balance Pipet 3 Marbles
2 Lab Ch 2 Mass, Volume, & Density LAB ILLUSTRATION: BE CAREFUL WITH EQUIPMENT READINGS!!! THE VOLUME OF A LIQUID IS COMMONLY MEASURED IN A GRADUATED CYLINDER. THE SURFACE OF THE LIQUID CURVES UPWARD WHERE IT CONTACTS THE CYLINDER WALLS. THIS CURVED SURFACE IS CALLED A MENISCUS. MEASUREMENT OF VOLUME IN A GRADUATED CYLINDER IS ALWAYS MADE BY READING THE MARK AT THE BOTTOM OF THE MENISCUS WITH THE EYE POSITIONED AT THE LEVEL OF THE LIQUID SURFACE. Procedure Part A: Density of water 1. Find the mass of a clean, dry 100-mL graduated cylinder. Record the mass in Data Table 2. Fill the cylinder with distilled water. Use a pipet to adjust the bottom of the meniscus exactly to the 100.0mL mark. 3. Find and record the mass of the graduated cylinder and water. 4. Calculate and record the mass of the water. Part B: Density of Marbles (Using Water Displacement) 1. Find the mass of 3 marbles (use a weigh boat but make sure to subtract the mas of the weigh boat). Record this mass in Data Table Pour 50.00mL of tap water into the 100mL graduated cylinder. Read and record the exact volume. 3. Place the 3 marbles GENTLY into the graduated cylinder (slide down the side of graduated cylinder). 4. Read and record the exact volume.
3 Lab Ch 2 Mass, Volume, & Density Part C: Density of a Can of Non-Diet Soft Drink 1. Find the mass of an unopened can of non-diet soft drink. Record the mass in your Data Table 3 2. Pour about mL of tap water into the 2000-mL beaker. Read and record the exact volume. 3. Place the can of soft drink into the graduated cylinder, making sure that it is completely submerged. It should sink!! 4. Read and record the exact volume. 5. Keep the water for the next part of experiment. Part D: Density of a Can of Diet Soft Drink 1. Find the mass of an unopened can of diet drink. Record this mass in Data Table Pour about mL of tap water into the 2000-mL graduated cylinder. Read and record the exact volume. 3. Place the can of diet soft drink into the graduated cylinder, making sure that it is completely submerged. It should float!! 4. Read and record the exact volume. 5. Keep the water for the next group after you (unless 6 th period dump water in sink) Disposal/Clean Up ALL equipment should already be clean since you only used water. DOUBLE check!! If not, clean ALL equipment with LAB Equipment soap & brushes Dry dishes with paper towels. Return all materials and supplies to their proper place, as directed by your teacher. Clean Lab BENCH with small soap bottle and sponge. Dry lab bench with paper towels. Wash hands with hand soap. Let me know when you are ready. Do not get unprotected until dismissed.
4 Lab Ch 2 Mass, Volume, & Density Data and Observations (READ: Mass and Volumes should have 2 numbers after decimal when using balance and graduated cylinders) Data Table 1: Part A Density of water Mass of empty graduated cylinder (g) Mass of graduated cylinder and water (g) Mass of water (g) Volume of water (ml) Data Table 2: Part B Density of Rubber Stopper Mass of 3 marbles (g) Initial volume of water in graduated cylinder (ml) Final volume of water in graduated cylinder (ml) Volume of 3 marbles (cm 3 ) Data Table 3: Part C Density of a can of non-diet soft drink Mass of can of non-diet soft drink (g) Initial volume of water in beaker (ml) Final Volume of water in beaker (ml) Volume of can of non-diet soft drink (ml)
5 Lab Ch 2 Mass, Volume, & Density Data Table 4: Part D Density of a Can of Diet Soft Drink Mass of can of diet soft drink (g) Initial volume of water in beaker (ml) Final volume of water in beaker (ml) Volume of can of diet soft drink (ml) Calculations Calculate Density for each part. Show all work, units, and correct sig figs. BOX/HIGHLIGHT your answer Part A: Water Part B: Marbles Part C: Non-diet Soda Part D: Diet Soda
6 Lab Ch 2 Mass, Volume, & Density Post-Lab Questions 1. Did the volume of water change when an object was placed into a graduated cylinder that was half-filled with water? THINK!!! 2. Would you expect the densities of various fruit juices to all be the same? Explain. 3. When you use the terms heavier or lighter to compare objects with the same volume, what property of the objects are you actually comparing? 4. Why do you think the can of non-diet soft drink is more dense than the can of diet soft drink? 5. Write the mathematical expression of density. 6. The density of aluminum is 2.70 g/cm 3. What volume will 13.5 grams of aluminum occupy?
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