PROPERTIES OF R-134A (1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE)
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1 PROPERTIES OF R-134A (1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE) Industrial Refrigeration Consortium University of Wisconsin Madison, WI USA
2 Who we Are The IRC is a collaborative effort between the University of Wisconsin-Madison and industry. Together we share a common goal of improving safety, efficiency, and productivity of industrial refrigeration systems and technologies. We realize this goal by conducting applied research, delivering knowledge transfer, and providing technical assistance. Although our efforts are focused on industrial refrigeration systems that utilize anhydrous ammonia, we also work with systems that use other refrigerants. The IRC offers a unique combination of complementary resources that include academic qualifications, technical expertise, and practical experience. We provide objective information that is not biased by an affiliation with any particular organization. Our primary product is knowledge. We create knowledge through research and technical assistance, and we transfer knowledge to the industry through our training and technology transfer activities. These services provide substantial benefits to our members and to the entire refrigeration industry. The knowledge that we create and distribute helps to improve the capabilities of individuals at all levels. Increased knowledge can help improve safety, reduce operating costs, increase productivity, and make your organization more competitive. The IRC is wholly funded by external funds. Industrial Refrigeration Consortium 1415 Engineering Dr Suite 2342 Madison, WI Toll-free: (866) Local: (608) Fax: (608)
3 PROPERTIES OF R-134A (1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE) Foreword R-134a is a blend component used in many refrigeration systems. It is also a propellant for aerosol and a blowing agent for extruded polystyrene foams. R-134a replaces the CFC R-12 and in few years will replace the HCFC R-22. The tables attached were developed based on a refrigerant property database (REFPROP 7.0) developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for 1,1,1,2- tetrafluoroethane. The thermophysical and transport properties given in the attached tables are based on the latest research and equations of state developed for this particular refrigerant. Fore more information on the equations used, see the References section below. The property data includes both saturation properties (as a function of temperature and as a function of pressure), subcooled, and superheat properties. Note, the pressure emphasized in all tables is absolute pressure. This means that the local barometric pressure needs to be added to any gage pressure readings prior to using the values in the attached tables. References Tillner-Roth, R. and Baehr, H.D., "An international standard formulation of the thermodynamic properties of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) covering temperatures from 170 K to 455 K at pressures up to 70 MPa," J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 23: , Perkins, R.A., Laesecke, A., Howley, J., Ramires, M.L.V., Gurova, A.N., and Cusco, L.,"Experimental thermal conductivity values for the IUPAC round-robin sample of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a)," NISTIR,
4 Definitions P (pressure) Pressure is the force per unit area exerted by the working fluid. Pressure data is expressed in three units: psia, psig, and in Hg (vacuum). The primary unit expresses pressure as absolute pounds per square inch (psia). Converting between gage and absolute pressure can be accomplished by the following, P absolute [psia] = P gage [psig] + P local [psi] where P absolute is the absolute pressure, P gage is the gage pressure, and P local is the local barometric pressure all expressed in units of lb/in 2. ρ (density) Density is the mass of refrigerant per unit volume [lb m /ft 3 ]. The saturation tables express liquid in units of density. The density is inversely proportional to the specific volume, ρ = 1/v where ρ is the density and v is the fluid s specific volume. v (specific volume) Cp (specific heat) Specific volume represents the volume occupied per unit mass of refrigerant. The saturation tables express all vapor states in terms of the specific volume [ft 3 /lb m ]. The specific volume is inversely proportional to the fluid density (see definition above). Specific heat is a measure of the energy storing capability of the working fluid [Btu/lb m -R]. Fluids with large specific heats require significant amounts of energy input (or extraction) to sensibly increase (or decrease) their temperature. Cp/Cv (spec heat ratio) Specific heat ratio refers to the relationship between the isobaric (Cp) and isochoric (Cv) specific heat capacities. h (enthalpy) s (entropy) μ (viscosity) k (thermal cond) Enthalpy is a fluid property that is representative of the relative energy content of a flow stream [Btu/lb m ]. Reported values of enthalpy are dependent on the reference state. The values reported here have a reference state defining the enthalpy as 0 Btu/lb m at -40 F (this is consistent with the ASHRAE reference state). Entropy is a property that is held constant during an ideal process (reversible and adiabatic, i.e. without heat loss). The entropy properties are sometimes used to characterize the behavior of compression processes. The entropy values are reported in units of [Btu/lb m -R]. The dynamic viscosity is a measure of the working fluid s resistance to flow [centipoise]. The thermal conductivity is a measure of the heat conducting capability of the working fluid. Fluids with high thermal conductivity are effective at transferring energy with small temperature differences. 3
5 R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) Properties at Saturation T [F] P [psia] ρ [lb/ft^3] v [ft^3/lb] h [Btu/lb] s [Btu/R-lb] Cp [Btu/R-lb] Cp/Cv [unitless] μ [centipose] k [Btu/hr-ft-R] Bulk Bulk Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor
6 R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) Properties at Saturation T [F] P [psia] ρ [lb/ft^3] v [ft^3/lb] h [Btu/lb] s [Btu/R-lb] Cp [Btu/R-lb] Cp/Cv [unitless] μ [centipose] k [Btu/hr-ft-R] Bulk Bulk Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor
7 R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) Properties at Saturation T [F] P [psia] ρ [lb/ft^3] v [ft^3/lb] h [Btu/lb] s [Btu/R-lb] Cp [Btu/R-lb] Cp/Cv [unitless] μ [centipose] k [Btu/hr-ft-R] Bulk Bulk Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor
8 R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) Properties at Saturation T [F] P [psia] ρ [lb/ft^3] v [ft^3/lb] h [Btu/lb] s [Btu/R-lb] Cp [Btu/R-lb] Cp/Cv [unitless] μ [centipose] k [Btu/hr-ft-R] Bulk Bulk Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor
9 R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) Properties at Saturation T [F] P [psia] ρ [lb/ft^3] v [ft^3/lb] h [Btu/lb] s [Btu/R-lb] Cp [Btu/R-lb] Cp/Cv [unitless] μ [centipose] k [Btu/hr-ft-R] Bulk Bulk Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor
10 R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) Properties at Saturation T [F] P [psia] ρ [lb/ft^3] v [ft^3/lb] h [Btu/lb] s [Btu/R-lb] Cp [Btu/R-lb] Cp/Cv [unitless] μ [centipose] k [Btu/hr-ft-R] Bulk Bulk Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor
11 R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) Properties at Saturation T [F] P [psia] ρ [lb/ft^3] v [ft^3/lb] h [Btu/lb] s [Btu/R-lb] Cp [Btu/R-lb] Cp/Cv [unitless] μ [centipose] k [Btu/hr-ft-R] Bulk Bulk Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor
12 R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) Properties at Saturation T [F] P [psia] ρ [lb/ft^3] v [ft^3/lb] h [Btu/lb] s [Btu/R-lb] Cp [Btu/R-lb] Cp/Cv [unitless] μ [centipose] k [Btu/hr-ft-R] Bulk Bulk Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor
13 R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) Properties at Saturation T [F] P [psia] ρ [lb/ft^3] v [ft^3/lb] h [Btu/lb] s [Btu/R-lb] Cp [Btu/R-lb] Cp/Cv [unitless] μ [centipose] k [Btu/hr-ft-R] Bulk Bulk Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor
14 R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) Properties at Saturation P [psia] T [F] ρ [lb/ft^3] v [ft^3/lb] h [Btu/lb] s [Btu/R-lb] Cp [Btu/R-lb] Cp/Cv [unitless] μ [centipose] k [Btu/hr-ft-R] Bulk Bulk Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor
15 R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) Properties at Saturation P [psia] T [F] ρ [lb/ft^3] v [ft^3/lb] h [Btu/lb] s [Btu/R-lb] Cp [Btu/R-lb] Cp/Cv [unitless] μ [centipose] k [Btu/hr-ft-R] Bulk Bulk Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor
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