MATH AND MAINTENANCE FOR PUMPS AND BLOWERS TRAINING SEMINAR
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1 MATH AND MAINTENANCE FOR PUMPS AND BLOWERS TRAINING SEMINAR
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3 FORCE WEIGHT OF WATER MEASURED IN POUNDS PRESSURE = FORCE PER UNIT AREA WEIGHT PER UNIT AREA
4 PRESSURE (PSI) = FORCE (LBS) / AREA (IN 2 ) P (PSI) = F (LBS) / A (IN 2 ) F P A
5 FORCE (LBS) = PRESSURE (PSI) X AREA (IN 2 ) F (LBS) = P (PSI) X A (IN 2 ) F P A
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10 ONE CUBIC FOOT OF WATER FORCE = WEIGHT = 62.4 LBS PRESSURE (PSI) = FORCE (LBS) / AREA (IN 2 ) P (PSI) = F (LBS) / A (IN 2 ) P (PSI) = 62.4 LBS 1 FT 2 X 144 IN 2 /FT 2 P (PSI) = 62.4 LBS 144 IN 2 = PSI
11 P = PSI FOR ONE FOOT OF DEPTH PRESSURE DEPENDS HEIGHT OR DEPTH OF WATER DIAMETER OR AREA IS IRRELEVANT IF YOU DOUBLE THE DIAMETER OF A RESERVOIR OR CLARIFIER BUT THE DEPTH REMAINS THE SAME THE PRESSURE DOES NOT CHANGE
12 Dia = 30 feet Height = 20 feet
13 Height = 20 feet Dia = 30 feet Dia = 150 feet
14 F = Weight = Vol (gal) x 8.34 (lbs/gal) = A (ft 2 ) x H (ft) x 7.48 gal/ft 3 x 8.34 lb/gal = A (ft 2 ) x H (ft) x 62.4 lb/ft 3 A (in 2 ) = A (ft 2 ) x (144 in 2 /ft 2 ) P (psi) = F (lbs) / A (in 2 ) P = A (ft 2 ) x H (ft) x 62.4 lb/ft 3 A (ft 2 ) x (144 in 2 /ft 2 ) P = (psi/ft) X H (ft)
15 0.433 PSI / FT 1 FOOT / PSI 2.31 FT/PSI
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17 STATIC PRESSURE DEPENDENT ON WATER DEPTH (HEIGHT) HEAD
18 HEAD
19 STATIC PRESSURE DEPENDENT ON WATER DEPTH (HEIGHT) HEAD PRESSURE HEAD ELEVATION HEAD
20 PRESSURE HEAD PRESSURE HEAD ELEVATION HEAD SEA LEVEL ELEVATION HEAD
21 STATIC PRESSURE PIEZOMETRIC SURFACE DEPENDENT ON WATER DEPTH (HEIGHT) HEAD PRESSURE HEAD ELEVATION HEAD DYNAMIC PRESSURE FRICTION LOSS
22 DEFINITION THE HEAD, PRESSURE OR ENERGY (SAME THING) LOST BY WATER FLOWING IN A PIPE AS A RESULT OF TURBULENCE CAUSED BY THE VELOCITY OF THE FLOWING WATER AND THE ROUGHNESS OF THE PIPE OR RESTRICTIONS CAUSED BY FITTINGS.
23 AKA SMOOTHNESS C-FACTOR HIGHER C-FACTOR SMOOTHER PIPE GREATER CARRYING CAPACITY SMALLER FRICTION LOSS C-FACTOR MAY DECREASE AS PIPE AGES PIPE DEPOSITS TUBERCULATION
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26 INCREASING VELOCITY INCREASES FRICTION LOSS Q = A x V V = Q / A FLOW IF FLOW INCREASES VELOCITY INCREASES AREA IF AREA DECREASES VELOCITY INCREASES DIAMETER IF DIAMETER DECREASES VELOCITY INCREASES
27 MAJOR LOSSES AKA FRICTION LOSSES LOSSES IN THE PIPE MINOR LOSSES LOSSES DUE TO FITTINGS
28 HYDRAULIC GRADE = ELEVATION HEAD + PRESSURE HEAD
29 H.G. HYDRAULIC GRADE H.G. PSI HEAD PSI HEAD ELEVATION HEAD SEA LEVEL ELEVATION HEAD
30 HYDRAULIC GRADE = ELEVATION HEAD + PRESSURE HEAD EQUIVALENT TO THE ELEVATION OF THE WATER SURFACE IN A RESERVOIR
31 H.G. WATER SURFACE ELEVATION SEA LEVEL
32 HYDRAULIC GRADE = ELEVATION HEAD + PRESSURE HEAD EQUIVALENT TO THE ELEVATION OF THE WATER SURFACE IN A RESERVOIR HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE LINE CONNECTING HYDRAULIC GRADES
33 H.G. HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE H.G. HEAD HEAD ELEVATION ELEVATION SEA LEVEL
34 HYDRAULIC GRADE = ELEVATION HEAD + PRESSURE HEAD EQUIVALENT TO THE ELEVATION OF THE WATER SURFACE IN A RESERVOIR HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE LINE CONNECTING HYDRAULIC GRADES ALWAYS SLOPES DOWN IN THE DIRECTION OF FLOW FLAT AT NO FLOW WHAT CAUSES HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE TO SLOPE DOWN FRICTION LOSSES
35 H.G. HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE FRICTION LOSS HEAD HEAD ELEVATION SEA LEVEL ELEVATION
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39 WORK ENERGY NEEDED TO MOVE ONE POUND MASS ONE FOOT MEASURED IN FT-LBS HORSEPOWER ENERGY PER MINUTE ONE HORSEPOWER DEFINED TO BE 1 Hp = 33,000 FT-LBS/MIN
40 MEASUREMENT OF THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY DELIVERED TO WATER WHp = Q (gpm) x TDH (feet) x 8.34 lbs/gal 33,000 (ft-lbs/min)/hp WHp = Q (gpm) x TDH (feet) 3,960
41 TOTAL HEAD PRODUCED BY THE PUMP MEASURED IN FEET STATIC HEAD STATIC SUCTION HEAD
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45 NEGATIVE SUCTION HEAD MAXIMUM THEORETICAL SUCTION LIFT 34 FEET MAXIMUM PRACTICAL SUCTION LIFT FEET
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48 TOTAL HEAD PRODUCED BY THE PUMP MEASURED IN FEET STATIC HEAD STATIC SUCTION HEAD STATIC DISCHARGE HEAD DYNAMIC HEAD IMPACTS FRICTION LOSS VELOCITY HEAD DYNAMIC HEAD DYNAMIC DISCHARGE HEAD DYNAMIC SUCTION HEAD
49 SUCTION LIFT CONDITION
50 SUCTION LIFT CONDITION
51 SUCTION LIFT CONDITION
52 SUCTION LIFT CONDITION
53 SUCTION LIFT CONDITION
54 SUCTION LIFT CONDITION
55 SUCTION LIFT CONDITION
56 SUCTION LIFT CONDITION
57 SUCTION LIFT CONDITION
58 FLOODED SUCTION CONDITION
59 THE HORSEPOWER REQUIRED TO DRIVE THE PUMP AKA BRAKE HORSEPOWER EFFICIENCY MEASURES PUMP S ABILITY TO CONVERT PUMP HP TO WATER HP PUMP EFFICIENCY = MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY
60 PHp = WHp EFF PUMP WHp = Q (gpm) x TDH (feet) 3,960 PHp = Q (gpm) x TDH (feet) 3,960 x EFF PUMP
61 MOTOR EFFICIENCY = ELECTRICAL EFFICIENCY
62 MHp = PHp EFF MOTOR PHp = Q (gpm) x TDH (feet) 3,960 x EFF PUMP MHp = Q (gpm) x TDH (feet) 3,960 x EFF PUMP x EFF MOTOR
63 MEASURED IN WATTS OR KILOWATTS TOTAL CONSUMPTION IS BASED ON OPERATING TIME IN KILOWATT-HOURS (KWH) Hp =.746 KW (KILOWATTS) COST = Hp x.746 KW/Hp x OP HRS x CENTS/KWH
64 EFF = EFF PUMP x EFF MOTOR EFF = WHp x PHp = WHp PHp MHp MHp ELEC MHp EFF M PHp EFF P WHp
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