NFPA 1670 (Global Proposal) [ ] Submitter Information Verification. Committee Statement. 1 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM

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1 1 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM NFPA 1670 (Global Proposal) [ ] The various chapters within the 1670 document use a variety of styles to list and/or describe which requirements are necessary to meet the Awareness, Operations or Technician levels. Some simply refer to a chapter section by number (e.g. 1.1) while others refer to the number and name of the chapter (e.g. 1.1 XXXX ). In addition, some of the requirements are presented in paragraph form while others are listed in an ordinal fashion. A consistent approach to listing any requirements would enhance the capability of the end user to assimilate, compare and process the information. The format used in Chapter 16 Wilderness appears to be the clearest in style and should be utilized as a template for all other applicable chapters. Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Submittal Date: Committee Statement: The Technical Committee is looking to make all references in the document done in a consistent format. Public Comment No. 55-NFPA [Global Input]

2 2 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 1-NFPA [ Global Comment ] New Proposed Chapter layout: Chapter 1-Administration Chapter 2-References Chapter 3-Definitions Chapter 4-General Requirements Chapter 5-Rope Rescue Chapter 6-Structural Collapse Search and Rescue Chapter 7-Confined Space Search and Rescue Chapter 8-Vehicle Search and Rescue Chapter 9-Animal Technical Rescue Chapter 10-Wilderness Search and Rescue Chapter 11-Trench Search and Rescue Chapter 12-Machinery Search and Rescue Chapter 13-Cave Search and Rescue Chapter 14-Mine and Tunnel Search and Rescue Chapter 15-Helicopter Search and Rescue Chapter 16-Surface Water Search and Rescue Chapter 17-Swiftwater Search and Rescue Chapter 18-Dive Search and Rescue Chapter 19-Ice Search and Rescue Chapter 20-Surf Search and Rescue Chapter 21-Watercraft Search and Rescue Chapter 22-Flood Search and Rescue Chapter 23-Tower Search and Rescue Organization: [ Not Specified ] Submittal Date: Tue Mar 01 10:50:47 EST 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: The Technical Committee made these changes to attempt to correlate chapters closer to NFPA 1006.

3 3 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Public Comment No. 38-NFPA [Global Input]

4 4 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 25-NFPA [ Global Comment ] Eliminate anywhere in the document where is says MSDS and replace with chemical information documents (i.e., SDS) Submittal Date: Tue Mar 01 17:06:33 EST 2016 : Update with current language. Response Message:

5 5 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 78-NFPA [ Global Comment ] Please change the title of NFPA 1006 to "Standard for Technical Rescue Personnel Professional Qualifications" anywhere referenced in this document to reflect changes in the 2017 edition. Submittal Date: Wed May 04 11:48:49 EDT 2016 : Updated title of referenced documents Response Message:

6 6 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 88-NFPA [ Section No ] U.S. Government Publications. U.S. Government Printing Publishing Office, Washington, DC North Capitol Street, NW, Washington, DC FEMA National Response Framework, nd edition, FEMA National Urban Search and Rescue (US&R) Response System, U.S. Coast Guard National Search and Rescue Committee, U.S. National Search and Rescue Plan, Submitter Full Name: Sonia Barbosa Organization: [ Not Specified ] Submittal Date: Tue May 17 10:13:52 EDT 2016 : Updating edition. Response Message:

7 7 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 73-NFPA [ New Section after ] Buoyancy Compensator (BCD). Device worn by a diver containing a bladder that is inflated or deflated by the diver to manage their buoyancy while immersed in a liquid. Submittal Date: Fri Mar 18 08:47:39 EDT 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: In the process of better aligning with NFPA 1006 the Technical Committee has added this definition in order to better conform to industry standard language.

8 8 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 68-NFPA [ Section No ] Dive. An exposure to increased pressure whether underwater or in a hyperbaric chamber. Exposure of an individual to a hyperbaric environment. Submittal Date: Fri Mar 18 07:09:24 EDT 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: In the process of better aligning with NFPA 1006 the Technical Committee has adjusted this definition in order to better conform to industry standard language.

9 9 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 70-NFPA [ New Section after ] Dive Profile. Description and documentation of a diver s potential or actual exposure to a hyperbaric environment, which includes depth, duration of exposure, and, where applicable, intervals between exposures, which is intended to document and communicate the diver s nitrogen load Dive Supervisor. The member of a dive team who has the authority and expertise to manage and direct all aspects of the dive operation and has been trained to meet all nondiving job performance requirements of technician-level dive rescue as defined in NFPA Dive Tables. Tools used to calculate a diver s nitrogen loading based on depth, length of exposure to a hyperbaric environment, and intervals between exposures of an actual or a planned dive. Submittal Date: Fri Mar 18 07:15:30 EDT 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: In the process of better aligning with NFPA 1006 and to define specific terminology, the Technical Committee has added or adjusted these definitions in order to better conform to industry standard language.

10 10 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 76-NFPA [ Section No ] Dive Operation. A situation requiring divers to complete an assigned task. Submittal Date: Tue Mar 22 19:23:27 EDT 2016 : New and improve definitions better support new language elsewhere in the document. Response Message:

11 11 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 71-NFPA [ Section No ] Dive Team. An organization of public safety divers and members in training. A collection of divers and trained support personnel acting under the direction of a single team leader who are trained and equipped to act collectively to achieve a subsurface mission using a common set of practices or guidelines Dive Tender. A member of the dive team who is responsible for assisting divers with assembly and donning of equipment, communicating with divers, tracking the diver s status and location, and managing subsurface search operations, and trained to meet all the job performance requirements of operations-level dive rescue as defined in NFPA Submittal Date: Fri Mar 18 07:20:43 EDT 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: In the process of better aligning with NFPA 1006 the Technical Committee has adjusted or added these definitions in order to better conform to industry standard language.

12 12 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 69-NFPA [ Section No ] Diver. An individual using breathing apparatus that supplies compressed breathing gas at the ambient pressure. exposed to a hyperbaric environment while using a compressed gas or supplied breathing gas system * 90 Percent Diver. A diver who is dressed, equipped, and positioned to quickly enter the water and assume the role of safety diver or otherwise assist the operation as necessary * Safety Diver. A diver who is equipped and positioned to immediately submerge and lend assistance to a diver in distress or to engage in a search for a missing diver. Supplemental Information File Name A.3.3.xx_Safety_Diver.docx Annex_for_90_Percent_Diver.docx Description Annex material for Safety Diver-new definition Annex language for 90 Percent Diver Submittal Date: Fri Mar 18 07:12:53 EDT 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: In the process of better aligning with NFPA 1006 the Technical Committee has adjusted or added these definitions in order to better conform to industry standard language.

13 A.3.3.xx Safety Diver: The intent is for this diver to be positioned in a manner so that they can be deployed to the location of the submerged diver(s) as quickly as possible. This often requires the safety diver to be in the water with all equipment, including facemask, donned and safety checked, neutral buoyancy established and immediately ready to submerge upon receipt of the signal to deploy. The diver should be briefed in advance of potential dive related emergencies and what action would be required in response. In some cases the diver may need to be aboard a vessel or on the shore.

14 Annex for 90 Percent Diver A.3.3.xx The intent is for this diver to be fully dressed with the possible exception of their fins and face mask, all safety checks performed and all necessary equipment to perform the intended mission on hand. The 90 percent diver may be in the water or on the shore or vessel at the entry point.

15 13 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 34-NFPA [ Section No ] FEMA Task Force Search and Rescue Marking System. Distinct markings made with international orange spray paint near a collapsed structure's most accessible point of entry. Submittal Date: Thu Mar 03 11:02:41 EST 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: In the process of better aligning with NFPA 1006 the Technical Committee has deleted this definition as it is a commonly known term and not necessary to the document. Public Comment No. 29-NFPA [Section No ]

16 14 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 35-NFPA [ Section No ] Grade Pole. A wood or fiberglass pole, either cut to a certain length or provided with markings, used by workers when setting pipes on grade. Submittal Date: Thu Mar 03 11:05:02 EST 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: In the process of better aligning with NFPA 1006 the Technical Committee has deleted this definition as it is a commonly known term and not necessary to the document. Public Comment No. 28-NFPA [Section No ]

17 15 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 36-NFPA [ Section No ] Household Pet. A domesticated animal, such as a dog, cat, bird, rabbit, rodent, or turtle, that is traditionally kept in the home for pleasure rather than for commercial purposes, can travel in commercial carriers, and be housed in temporary facilities; thus, household pets do not include reptiles (except turtles), amphibians, fish, insects/arachnids, farm animals (including horses), and animals kept for racing purposes. Submittal Date: Thu Mar 03 11:06:19 EST 2016 : The Technical Committee felt that this definition not needed to define a common term. Response Message: Public Comment No. 32-NFPA [Section No ]

18 16 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 37-NFPA [ Section No ] Incident Commander. The person who is responsible for all decisions relating to the management of the incident and is in charge of the incident site. Submittal Date: Thu Mar 03 11:08:36 EST 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: The Technical Committee has removed this definition as it is common language and not necessary to define terms in the document. Public Comment No. 31-NFPA [Section No ]

19 17 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 29-NFPA [ Section No ] * Isolation System (or Isolation Devices). An arrangement of devices, including isolation devices, applied with specific techniques, that collectively serve to isolate a victim of a trench or excavation emergency from the surrounding product (e.g., soil, gravel, or sand). Submittal Date: Wed Mar 02 10:35:24 EST 2016 : To better match the same definition in 1006, the parenthetical information was removed. Response Message: Public Comment No. 36-NFPA [Section No ]

20 18 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 38-NFPA [ Section No ] Life Safety Harness. A system component that is an arrangement of materials secured about the body and used to support a person during rescue. An equipment item; an arrangement of materials secured about the body to support a person. [ 1983, 2017] Submittal Date: Thu Mar 03 11:15:06 EST 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: Use NFPA 1983s definition as per Denver Task Group meeting in order to improve correlation with NFPA Public Comment No. 39-NFPA [Section No ]

21 19 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 74-NFPA [ New Section after ] * Minimum Primary Reserve Pressure. Minimum permissible breathing gas pressure remaining in a SCUBA diver s primary delivery system on reaching the surface and establishing positive buoyancy. Supplemental Information File Name A.3.3.xx_Minimum_Primary_Reserve_Pressure.docx Description For Annex language for Minimum Primary Reserve Pressure Submittal Date: Fri Mar 18 08:52:03 EDT 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: In the process of better aligning with NFPA 1006 the Technical Committee has added this definition in order to better conform to industry standard language.

22 Minimum Primary Reserve Pressure A.3.3.xx For the purposes of this document this is the pressure that reflects one-third of the entire rated capacity of the total breathing gas available to the diver, in no case shall the established minimum reserve pressure for the primary source of breathing gas be less than 500psi Dive operations involve work in what is essentially a 100 percent IDLH environment all the time. Ensuring that all divers plan their dives to maintain an adequate reserve to manage unforeseen circumstances is key to safe dive operations. The one third reserve shall be calculated in advance for specific sizes of the cylinders used by the team by using the total volume of air, including any redundant air systems, adjusted for the rated working pressure of the cylinders associated with the breathing gas systems. From that calculation, determine the primary system pressure which would leave the diver with approximately 1/3 the total volume in reserve. It is NOT the intent to calculate the reserve pressure based on the actual pressure of the bottle at the start of the dive, but always with the rated working pressure of the cylinder. Examples: Diver with only a standard 80 ft3 aluminum cylinder: A diver equipped with standard aluminum 80 gets 80ft3 at 3000 psi Since there is no RAS, the entire reserve 1/3 volume of 26.6 ft3 must be carried in the primary system (26.6 ft3 x 3,000 psi)/80 ft3 = 1000 psi Minimum Surface Reserve Pressure Diver with a HP Steel and Pony bottle: A diver is equipped with an 80ft3 primary cylinder with a working pressure of 3500psi and 21 ft3 redundant air system cylinder for a total 101 ft3. The diver needs to be on the surface with approximately 33.6 ft3 to meet the 1/3. Subtract the 21 ft3 provided in the RAS cylinder leaves 12.6 ft3 required in the primary for a reserve (12.6ft3 x 3500psi)/80ft3 = 472 psi. Even though the calculated minimum surface reserve pressure is 472 pounds, the minimum permissible breathing gas pressure is 500psi, so in this case the diver s minimum primary reserve pressure is 500 psi

23 Ensuring divers comply with the required minimum reserve pressure is often the biggest challenge to agencies that perform public safety diving. Ensuring divers get adequate training using the established limits, including calculating additional air required to perform the ascent and relevant safety stops, is a key element to ensuring compliance. Training should be conducted at depths and under conditions that simulate actual rescue environment while performing mission specific work as often as possible so that divers can set proper expectations about air consumption and exertion levels. Instances where divers violate the minimum reserve pressure should be treated as a breach of policy and the contributing factors documented to prevent recurrence. The AHJ is responsible to hold divers and supervisors accountable for compliance with established limits.

24 20 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 30-NFPA [ Section No ] * Mine. Underground series of tunnels and shafts used to obtain something from the soil through which they are excavated. Submittal Date: Wed Mar 02 10:38:23 EST 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: Denver TG decided not needed because the common definition would be used. Also needed for correlation with NFPA Public Comment No. 34-NFPA [Section No ]

25 21 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 58-NFPA [ Section No ] Public Safety Diver. An individual who performs public safety diving. Submittal Date: Fri Mar 18 06:38:58 EDT 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: In the process of better aligning with NFPA 1006 the Technical Committee has deleted this definition as it is a commonly known term and not necessary to the document.

26 22 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 59-NFPA [ Section No ] Recumbent Animal. An animal laying down. Submittal Date: Fri Mar 18 06:42:15 EDT 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: In the process of better aligning with NFPA 1006 the Technical Committee has deleted this definition as it is a commonly known term and not necessary to the document.

27 23 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 72-NFPA [ Section No ] * Redundant Air System. An independent secondary underwater breathing system (i.e., a pony bottle with first and second stage or a pony bottle supplying a bailout block). A system composed of a compressed breathing gas source, pressure gauge, primary and secondary regulator, and a means of affixing the system to the diver so that it will not be dropped or dislodged; is completely independent of the diver's primary air system and is configured to be accessed without delay when the diver is under duress; and of sufficient capacity to permit the diver to ascend to the surface from the maximum recognized operational depth while complying with a prescribed ascent rate and any necessary safety stops. Supplemental Information File Name A _Redundant_Air.docx Description For new Annex language on Redundant Air A Submittal Date: Fri Mar 18 08:40:50 EDT 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: In the process of better aligning with NFPA 1006 the Technical Committee has adjusted this definition in order to better conform to industry standard language.

28 A Redundant Air (breathing gas) System This system is typically configured with a pony bottle connected to a first and second stage regulator which is then attached to the buoyancy compensator or strapped to the primary cylinder. It is intended to provide a source of air that is independent from any failure in the primary delivery system, as such it is not typically intended to be connected to the primary system by a block or other device unless 1. The device is constructed with a feature that prevents the contents of the reserve cylinder from free flowing out a breach in the primary delivery system, such as a FFM. 2. The device is in ADDITION to an conventional second stage

29 24 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 60-NFPA [ Section No ] Resource Assessment. The component of the assessment phase that involves the determination for the need for additional resources. Resource assessment can be ongoing throughout the entire incident. Submittal Date: Fri Mar 18 06:43:29 EDT 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: In the process of better aligning with NFPA 1006 the Technical Committee has deleted this definition as it is a commonly known term and not necessary to the document.

30 25 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 61-NFPA [ Section No ] Resources. All personnel and equipment that are available, or potentially available, for assignment to incidents. Submittal Date: Fri Mar 18 06:44:25 EDT 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: In the process of better aligning with NFPA 1006 the Technical Committee has deleted this definition as it is a commonly known term and not necessary to the document.

31 26 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 62-NFPA [ Section No ] Risk. A measure of the probability and severity of adverse effects that result from an exposure to a hazard. Submittal Date: Fri Mar 18 06:45:29 EDT 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: In the process of better aligning with NFPA 1006 the Technical Committee has deleted this definition as it is a commonly known term and not necessary to the document.

32 27 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 63-NFPA [ Section No ] Rope-Based Mechanical Advantage System. A rope rescue system component incorporating the reeving of rope through moving pulleys (or similar devices) to create mechanical advantage. Submittal Date: Fri Mar 18 06:46:27 EDT 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: In the process of better aligning with NFPA 1006 the Technical Committee has deleted this definition as it is a commonly known term and not necessary to the document.

33 28 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 31-NFPA [ Section No ] Search Structural Marking System. A separate and distinct building marking system used to identify and display information related to the location of a victim(s) structure identification, structure hazards evaluation, search assessment, and victim location. Submittal Date: Wed Mar 02 10:39:53 EST 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: The annex describing structural marking (Annex F in FR) is being completely replaced by as are the terms used within the annex to describe structure identification marking, structure hazards evaluation marking, search assessment marking, and victim location markings. The change to this definition is to reflect the proposed changes in this annex. Public Comment No. 14-NFPA [Section No ]

34 29 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 32-NFPA [ Sections , ] Technical Search and Rescue. The application of special knowledge, skills, and equipment to safely resolve unique and/or complex search and/or complex rescue situations * Technical Search and Rescue Incident. Complex search and/or rescue incidents requiring specially trained specialized training of personnel and special equipment to complete the mission. Submittal Date: Wed Mar 02 10:42:54 EST 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: These two definitions were revised to incorporate search, which matches the scope of the document. This change will also be suggested to This also removes "safely" from the definition. Public Comment No. 30-NFPA [Sections , ]

35 30 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 64-NFPA [ Section No ] Termination. That portion of incident management in which personnel are involved in documenting safety procedures, site operations, hazards faced, and lessons learned from the incident. Termination is divided into three phases: debriefing the incident, postincident analysis, and critiquing the incident. Submittal Date: Fri Mar 18 06:48:42 EDT 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: In the process of better aligning with NFPA 1006 the Technical Committee has deleted this definition as it is a commonly known term and not necessary to the document.

36 31 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 65-NFPA [ Section No ] Testing. The process by which the hazards that could confront entrants of a trench or excavation are identified and evaluated, including specifying tests that are to be performed in a trench or excavation. Submittal Date: Fri Mar 18 06:49:59 EDT 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: In the process of better aligning with NFPA 1006 the Technical Committee has deleted this definition as it is a commonly known term and not necessary to the document.

37 32 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 66-NFPA [ Section No ] * Trench Shoring. A component or group of connected components, designed, constructed and installed in a trench to prevent collapse of the exposed walls of the excavation by applying pressure to the surrounding materials. Submittal Date: Fri Mar 18 06:51:37 EDT 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: In the process of better aligning with NFPA 1006 the Technical Committee has deleted this definition including its Annex as it is a commonly known term and not necessary to the document.

38 33 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 33-NFPA [ Section No ] * Wilderness. A setting in which the delivery of services including search, rescue, and patient care by response personnel is adversely affected by logistical complications, such as an environment that is physically stressful or hazardous to the patient, response personnel, or both; remoteness of the patient's location, such that it causes a delay in the delivery of care to the patient; anywhere the local infrastructure has been compromised enough to experience wilderness-type conditions, such as lack of adequate medical supplies, equipment, or transportation; remoteness from public infrastructure support services; poor to no medical services or potable water; compromised public safety buildings, public utilities or communications systems; city, county, state, provincial, tribal, or national recreational areas or parks with mountains, trails; areas they define as wilderness. Submittal Date: Wed Mar 02 10:47:21 EST 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: This revision incorporates types of recreation areas and/or parks that exist and were not addressed in the previous version. It also makes the definition more applicable to an international audience. Public Comment No. 13-NFPA [Section No ]

39 34 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 67-NFPA [ Section No ] Wire Rope. Rope made of twisted strands of wire. Submittal Date: Fri Mar 18 06:53:43 EDT 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: In the process of better aligning with NFPA 1006 the Technical Committee has deleted this definition as it is a commonly known term and not necessary to the document.

40 35 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 39-NFPA [ Section No ] * The AHJ shall comply with all applicable local, state, tribal, provincial, and federal laws. Submittal Date: Thu Mar 03 11:19:31 EST 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: This revision addresses the applicability of the standard in countries other than the U.S. and in tribal jurisdictions. Corrected spelling of "provincial" Public Comment No. 18-NFPA [Section No ]

41 36 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 40-NFPA [ Section No ] 5.4.2* Organizations operating at the technician level for rope rescue incidents shall develop and implement procedures, commensurate with the identified needs of the organization, for the following: (1) (2) (3) * Accessing a patient using techniques that require rescuers to climb up or down natural or man-made structures, which can expose the climber to a significant fall hazard * Using rope rescue systems to move a rescuer and a patient along a horizontal path above an obstacle or projection * Performing a high-angle rope rescue of a person suspended from, or stranded on, a structure or landscape feature (4) Understanding and applying Applying the principles of the physics involved in constructing rope rescue systems, including system safety factors, critical angles, and the causes and effects of force multipliers (5) Performing a high-angle rope rescue with a litter using tender(s) to negotiate obstacles, manipulate or position the patient, or provide medical care while being raised and lowered Submittal Date: Thu Mar 03 11:21:05 EST 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: The Technical Committee felt that "understanding" was not an acceptable term for the team to be evaluated on accomplishing. Replaced with "Applying" which can be evaluated or measured. Public Comment No. 11-NFPA [Section No ]

42 37 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 77-NFPA [ Section No ] Organizations operating at the awareness level at trench and excavation emergencies shall implement procedures for the following: (1) Recognizing the need for a trench and excavation rescue (2)* Identifying the resources necessary to conduct safe and effective trench and excavation emergency operations (3)* Initiating the emergency response system for trenches and excavations (4)* Initiating site control and scene management (5)* Recognizing general hazards associated with trench and excavation emergency incidents and the procedures necessary to mitigate these hazards within the general rescue area (6)* Recognizing typical trench and excavation collapse patterns, the reasons trenches and excavations collapse, and the potential for secondary collapse (7)* Initiating a rapid, nonentry extrication of noninjured or minimally injured victim(s) (8)* Recognizing the unique hazards associated with the weight of soil and its associated entrapping characteristics (9) Making the rescue area safe, including the identification, construction, application, limitations, and installation of ground pads around the affected collapse or rescue area Submittal Date: Tue Apr 19 14:17:04 EDT 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: The awareness level firefighter is allowed to approach the trench and make a non-entry extrication of non-injured or minimally injured individuals. If these firefighters can approach the edge of the trench to accomplish these tasks, it would be beneficial and much safer if they were also allowed to place ground pads around the trench. The process of learning and placing the ground pads is not a complicated skill, and would make the area safer for incoming operations personal. Public Comment No. 27-NFPA [New Section after 7.2.3]

43 38 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 26-NFPA [ Section No ] Organizations operating at the operations level for structural collapse incidents involving light frame ordinary construction and reinforced and unreinforced masonry construction shall develop and implement procedures for the following: (1)* Sizing up existing and potential conditions at structural collapse incidents (2)* Recognizing unique collapse or failure hazards (3)* Conducting hasty primary and secondary search operations (low and high coverage) intended to locate victims trapped on, inside, and beneath collapse debris (4)* Accessing victims trapped inside and beneath collapse debris (5)* Performing extrication operations involving packaging, treating, and removing victims trapped within and beneath collapse debris (6)* Stabilizing the structure and performing rescue shoring operations in order to stabilize the structure, if necessary. using shores that include T shore, double T shore, two-post vertical shore, multiple-post vertical shore, door and window shore, horizontal shore, flying raker shore, split sole raker shore, solid sole raker shore, and box cribbing to make safe for rescue operations Supplemental Information File Name NFPA_1670_A.8.3.3_6_Ops_Shores.docx T_Shore.JPG Double_T_Shore.JPG Two_Post_Vertical_Shore.JPG Multi_Post_Vertical_Shore.JPG Window-Door_Shore.JPG Horizontal_Shore.JPG Flying_Raker_Shore.JPG Split_Sole_Raker_Shore.JPG Solid_Sole_Raker_Shore.JPG Box_Cribbing.JPG Description New Annex material showing Ops level shores Figure A.8.3.3(a) T Shore. For staff use. Figure A.8.3.3(b) Double T Shore. For staff use. Figure A.8.3.3(c) Two Post Vertical Shore. For staff use. Figure A.8.3.3(d) Multi Post Vertical Shore. For staff use. Figure A.8.3.3(e) Window-Door Shore. For staff use. Figure A.8.3.3(f) Horizontal Shore. For staff use. Figure A.8.3.3(g) Flying Raker Shore. For staff use. Figure A.8.3.3(h) Split Sole Raker Shore. For staff use. Figure A.8.3.3(i) Solid Sole Raker Shore. For staff use. Figure A.8.3.3(j) Box Cribbing. For staff use. Submittal Date: Wed Mar 02 09:41:11 EST 2016 Committee The Technical Committee added operational shore figures to the Annex to clarify what shores

44 39 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Statement: Response Message: should be able to be constructed at the Operational Level.

45 NFPA 1670 A.8.3.3(6) Emergency shoring operations for urban search and rescue incidents is done in order to provide a safe and efficient atmosphere while conducting trapped victim search and rescue operations. The intent is to provide a relatively safe and reduced risk environment for both the victim and the trained rescue forces. This includes the stabilization of any adjacent structure or object which may be affected by the initial incident. Figures A.8.3.3(6)(a j) depict operation level shores that rescuers working at the operations level should be able to construct and properly install. Those shores include; T Shore, Double T Shore, Two Post Vertical Shore, Multiple Post Vertical Shore, Door & Window Shore, Horizontal Shore, Flying Raker Shore, Split Sole Raker Shore, Solid Sole Raker Shore, and Box Cribbing stacks. Add shore figures below;

46 40 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 27-NFPA [ Section No ] Organizations operating at the technician level for structural collapse incidents for all types of construction shall develop and implement procedures for the following: (1) Evaluating existing and potential conditions at structural collapse incidents (2) Recognizing unique collapse or failure hazards (3)* Conducting search operations intended to locate victims trapped inside and beneath collapse debris (4)* Accessing victims trapped inside and beneath collapse debris (5)* Performing extrication operations involving packaging, treating, and removing victims trapped within and beneath collapse debris (6)* Stabilizing the structure and performing rescue shoring operations in order to stabilize the structure using shores that include laced post shore, plywood laced post shore, sloped floor shores (Type 2 and Type 3), double raker shore, and flying shore to make safe for rescue operations Supplemental Information File Name 1670_Technician_Level_8.4.3.docx Laced_Post_Shore.JPG Plywood_Laced_Post_Shore.JPG Sloped_Floor_Shore_Type_2.JPG Sloped_Floor_Shore_Type_3.JPG Double_Raker_Shore.JPG Flying_Shore.JPG Description New Annex language for A.8.4.3(6) Figure A.8.4.3(a) Laced Post Shore. For staff use. Figure A.8.4.3(b) Plywood Laced Post Shore. For staff use. Figure A.8.4.3(c) Sloped Floor Shore Type 2. For staff use. Figure A.8.4.3(d) Sloped Floor Shore Type 3. For staff use. Figure A.8.4.3(e) Double Raker Shore. For staff use. Figure A.8.4.3(f) Flying Shore. For staff use. Submittal Date: Wed Mar 02 09:50:44 EST 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: The Technical Committee has added diagrams in an Annex in order to depict what shores a rescuer operating at the Technician level should be able to construct.

47 1670 Technician Level 8.4.3(6) Emergency shoring operations for urban search and rescue incidents is done in order to provide a safe and efficient atmosphere while conducting trapped victim search and rescue operations. The intent is to provide a relatively safe and reduced risk environment for both the victim and the trained rescue forces. This includes the stabilization of any adjacent structure or object which may be affected by the initial incident. Figures A.8.4.3(6)(a f) depict technician level shores that rescuers working at the technician level should be able to construct and properly install. Those shores include; Laced Post Shore, Plywood Lace Post Shore, Sloped Floor Shore Type 2, Sloped Floor Shore Type 3, Double Raker Shore, and Flying Shore.

48 41 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 42-NFPA [ Section No ] Organizations operating at the operations level for vehicle emergencies shall develop and implement procedures for the following: (1)* Sizing up existing and potential conditions at vehicle search and rescue incidents (2) Identifying probable victim locations and survivability (3)* Making the search and rescue area safe, including identifying and controlling the hazards presented by the vehicle, its position, or its systems (4)* Identifying, containing, and stopping fuel release (5) Protecting a victim during extrication or disentanglement (6) Packaging a victim prior to extrication or disentanglement (7)* Accessing victims trapped in a typical vehicle commonly found in the jurisdiction (8)* Performing extrication and disentanglement operations involving packaging, treating, and removing victims trapped in a typical vehicle common passenger vehicle, or other types of vehicles as identified by the AHJ as being commonly found in the jurisdiction, through the use of hand and power tools. (9)* Mitigating and managing general and specific hazards associated with vehicle search and rescue incidents that involve common passenger vehicles or other vehicles typically found in the jurisdiction. (10) Procuring and utilizing the resources necessary to conduct vehicle search and rescue operations (11) Maintaining control of traffic at the scene of vehicle search and rescue incidents Submittal Date: Thu Mar 03 11:24:43 EST 2016 Committee Statement: In the attempt to correlate with NFPA 1006 from the Denver meeting, the definition regarding the term "common passenger vehicle" needed to be edited. Response Message: Public Comment No. 59-NFPA [Section No ]

49 42 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 43-NFPA [ Section No ] Organizations operating at the technician level for vehicle emergencies shall develop and implement procedures for the following: (1) Evaluating existing and potential conditions at vehicle search and rescue incidents (2)* Performing extrication and disentanglement operations involving packaging, treating, and removing victims injured or trapped in vehicles that large commercial or industrial vehicles or any vehicles that present unique, complex, exotic, or unfamiliar hazards or extrication challenges (3)* Stabilizing in advance of unusual vehicle technician-level vehicle search and rescue situations (4)* Using all specialized search and rescue equipment immediately available and in use by the organization (5) Using specialized outside resources, including heavy equipment Submittal Date: Thu Mar 03 11:25:29 EST 2016 Committee Statement: Intended to align this section with the proposed language for the NFPA operations section. Response Message: Public Comment No. 60-NFPA [Section No ]

50 43 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 44-NFPA [ Section No ] Organizations operating at the technician level for dive rescue shall apply the requirements of Section in (technician level surface water rescue) in a manner consistent with the mission anticipated conditions of the agency and anticipated conditions in their response area. rescue environment. Submittal Date: Thu Mar 03 11:27:01 EST 2016 : The Technical Committee has edited the language to better describe intent, Response Message: Public Comment No. 24-NFPA [Section No ]

51 44 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 45-NFPA [ Section No ] Prior to engaging in subsurface operations, any organization operating at the technician level at dive rescue incidents shall make provisions for the following functions whenever divers are in the water, and these functions shall be exclusive of other duties such as supervision, surface support, and standby resources:whenever divers are in the water, including the following (1) (2) Designating a dive tender who is responsible for assisting divers with assembly and donning of equipment, communicating with divers, tracking their location, and managing subsurface search operations and who has been trained to meet all the job performance requirements of operations-level dive rescue as defined in NFPA 1006 (3) (4) * Designating an on-site dive supervisor who has the authority to manage all aspects of the dive operation and has been trained to meet all nondiving job performance requirements of technician-level dive rescue as defined in NFPA 1006 * Designating a safety diver who is equipped and positioned to immediately submerge and lend assistance to a diver in distress or to engage in a search for a missing diver * Designating a 90% 90 percent diver who is equipped and positioned to quickly enter the water and assume the role of safety diver if necessary Submittal Date: Thu Mar 03 11:27:34 EST 2016 Committee Statement: Clearly indicates that the individuals fulfilling those functions will have no other duties that would detract from their ability to perform the related tasks. Response Message: Public Comment No. 26-NFPA [Section No ]

52 45 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 46-NFPA [ Section No ] The agency shall ensure that the following equipment is present at the dive site and readily available prior to engaging in subsurface activities: (1) Medical oxygen and related delivery equipment (2) Backboard or other device suitable for the movement of a nonambulatory diver (3) Means of summoning aid without leaving the dive site (4) Dive A dive flag or float readily visible from 360 degrees of approach to in areas subject to vessel traffic readily visible to vessels approaching the dive location (5) Copy of the agency s dive emergency response plan (6) Audible signaling device (7) Means of immediately recording required information relating to each diver s status and dive profile in a manner that is readily communicated or transferred to other members of the team or medical professionals Submittal Date: Thu Mar 03 11:29:59 EST 2016 : The changes more comprehensively and accurately convey the intent of Committee. Response Message: Public Comment No. 25-NFPA [Section No ]

53 46 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 47-NFPA [ Section No ] Organizations operating at the technician level at dive incidents shall develop and implement procedures for performing public safety scuba diving, including the following: (1) (2) Applying an understanding of physics and physiology as they relate to the diver, diver-related emergencies, and the underwater environment (3) (4) Identifying and evaluating underwater environments and conditions to which the public safety diver could be exposed (5) Identifying and managing the hazards posed by underwater plants and animals (6) Conducting and supervising dive operations, including planning a dive based on projected depths, bottom times, and available air supply for a particular mission (7) (8) * Managing a diver s air breathing gas supply and bottom time so that upon on reaching the surface the diver has a minimum of reserve pressure that reflects one third of the entire rated primary air supply in reserve capacity of the total primary breathing gas available to the diver and in no case allowing the established minimum reserve pressure for the primary source of breathing gas to be less than 500 psi. * Applying dive tables or other methods designated by the AHJ that use a diver s bottom time and depth to determine his/her level of hyperbaric exposure, including the use of letter group designators, any potential decompression obligation, and the ability to perform repetitive dives * Identifying, selecting, and implementing standardized techniques to perform and track the progress of a search that is consistent with the mission of the agency and anticipated conditions that might be encountered in their response area * Using recognized tools, such as a field neurological exam, to identify divers who are experiencing dive-related maladies, including psychological and physiological stress, air embolism, and decompression sickness (9) Recognizing and managing the impact of near-drowning in cold water (10) * Identifying, selecting, and implementing standardized methods of communicating between a submerged diver and the surface so that the diver can immediately summon help, be recalled to the surface, directed in a search pattern, and warned of imminent hazards (11) * Utilizing redundant and alternative air sources and techniques during low-air or out-of-air emergencies (12) * Using full-body encapsulation equipment, including dry suits, dry hoods, and dry gloves, with a full-face mask as required by the AHJ, to protect divers from cold or potentially contaminated water (13) * Rescuing an entangled diver (14) * Performing pre- and post-entry medical monitoring of divers (15) * Recovering evidence, including locating, securing, and packaging evidence, documenting and maintaining the chain of custody, and documenting the scene (16) * Implementing standardized contingency procedures from the agency s dive emergency response plan for rescue operations in the event of primary diver injury, entrapment, loss of communication, and/or disconnect (17) Using positive connection systems such as chest harnesses and tending lines with quick-release connectors when the use of such systems does not compromise the safety of the diver (18) * Using standardized written checklists to verify the condition, proper configuration, and operation of a diver s equipment before he/she enters the water Supplemental Information

54 47 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM File Name Description Annex_Material_A _11_.docx It is amended Annex for A (1) not (11) SR-47_13.4.8_leg_changes.docx SR tripped up. Only change is to (1). For staff use. Submittal Date: Thu Mar 03 11:32:09 EST 2016 Committee Statement: Clarifies the 1/3 rule incorporated into the first draft to include the potential volume of gas that might be contained in a redundant air system. Response Message: Public Comment No. 21-NFPA [Section No ]

55 Annex Material: Current Language A (11) A diver running out of air for any reason is an immediately life-threatening event. Practices and tools that address this possibility are vital to the survival of public safety divers. Ideally each diver has a redundant air system, complete with a separate air source and independent delivery system. Training on associated techniques to provide buoyancy when the diver has no compressed air in his/her bottle should also be included. Add the sentence "See 3.x.x for the definition of a Redundant Air System and related descriptive annex material"

56 48 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 48-NFPA [ New Section after ] * The AHJ shall ensure that all diving members of the organization complete a subsurface task utilizing tools and tactics identified by the AHJ as consistent with the mission of the team under conditions representative of the rescue environment no less than 4 times over 12 months. Supplemental Information File Name SR-48_A docx Description Submittal Date: Thu Mar 03 11:38:36 EST 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: Many organizations that train, certify or re-certify public safety divers require at least 6 dives per year this section outlines a minimum. Public Comment No. 33-NFPA [New Section after ]

57 SR 48, New annex material A It is the intent that divers in the organizations perform approximately one dive per quarter performing functions in the scope of work of the team and filling roles typically utilized when deploying in accordance with the teams operating guidelines or best practices. This is meant to be in additional to dives focused on personal skills or comfort in the water. Dives performed at actual incidents may be counted towards the 4 annual dives..

58 49 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 49-NFPA [ Section No ] For personnel operating in the hazard zone at an ice search and rescue incident, the minimum PPE provided shall include the following: (1) Personal flotation device (PFD) or other PPE designed with inherent buoyancy intended for use in the ice rescue environment (2) Thermal protection (3) Whistle or audible signaling device (4) Ice awls/picks Submittal Date: Thu Mar 03 11:42:20 EST 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: Ice picks provide a basic self rescue capability for a rescuer that may have broken through the ice. Public Comment No. 54-NFPA [Section No ]

59 50 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 50-NFPA [ Section No ] * The requirements of the confined space chapter shall not apply to underground structures and excavations addressed in this chapter. The requirements of 7, Confined Space Search and Rescue, shall not apply to the basic underground structures and excavations addressed in this chapter but shall be relevant to equipment or spaces found inside the structure or excavation. Supplemental Information File Name SR-50_A docx Description Submittal Date: Thu Mar 03 11:44:02 EST 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: Tunnel under construction in particular often have spaces such as locks, vessels, cutter heads and other areas that meet the definition of a confined space entry which may need to entered by persons working in the tunnel. In such cases the actual entry operation inside the tunnel would require meeting the relevant regulations or standards. Public Comment No. 41-NFPA [Section No ]

60 51 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 51-NFPA [ New Section after ] Individuals of the organization expected to perform functions at the awareness level shall meet the competencies prescribed at the awareness level in Chapter 14, Mine and Tunnel of Rescue of NFPA Submittal Date: Thu Mar 03 11:46:56 EST 2016 : Added language in order to correlate with NFPA Response Message: Public Comment No. 44-NFPA [New Section after ]

61 52 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 52-NFPA [ New Section after 17.3 ] Individuals in the organization expected to perform functions at the operations level shall meet the competencies prescribed at the operations level in Chapter 14, the Mine and Tunnel Rescue, of NFPA Submittal Date: Thu Mar 03 11:53:17 EST 2016 Committee Statement: The Technical Committee added this section to better articulate intent of the training competencies. Response Message: Public Comment No. 43-NFPA [New Section after 17.3]

62 53 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 53-NFPA [ Section No ]

63 54 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM

64 55 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Organizations operating at the operations level shall develop and implement procedures for the following: (1)* Sizing up existing and potential conditions at mine and tunnel emergencies (2) Protecting personnel from hazards within the mine and tunnel (3)* Ensuring that personnel are capable of managing the physical and psychological challenges that affect rescuers entering mines and tunnels (4)* Identifying the duties of the entry team, backup team, and search and rescue team leader (5)* Monitoring continuously, or at frequent intervals, the atmosphere in all parts of the space to be entered for oxygen content, flammability (LEL/LFL), and toxicity, in that order (6)* Providing an approved means of emergency egress respiratory protection with no less than a 30-minute-rated service life that is immediately available to each member of the organization entering a tunnel under construction or related excavation, regardless of the reason for entry or whether an atmospheric hazard is detected or suspected where no immediate atmospheric hazard has been identified (7)* Performing entry-type rescues into mines and tunnels meeting all of the following specific qualifying characteristics: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) Where the space has been previously surveyed by all team members who might need to enter the space as part of the rescue operation Where a written pre-entry plan for the space is in place and is on site that clearly defines the conditions under which the team can enter that specific space Where a written rescue plan is in place and on site that specifically defines the types of incidents that might occur in the space and the expected actions of the rescue team for each incident Where all members who could be expected to enter the tunnel as part of the rescue plan will have physically practiced the elements of the rescue plan in the actual space or a representative space Where the known or suspected hazards for the specific incident are exclusive of any risks attributed to the tunnel environment itself such as fire, hazardous atmosphere, or potential collapse Where there are no known or anticipated conditions that would require deviation from the criteria established in the entry and pre-rescue plan Where conditions on the worksite or in the tunnel have not changed beyond the scope of those identified in the most recent entry and pre-rescue plan Where the internal configuration of the space is clear and unobstructed and rescue can be effected without possibility of entanglement * Where rescuers can pass easily through the access/egress opening(s) with room to spare when PPE is worn in the manner recommended by the manufacturer (j) * Where the space can accommodate two or more rescuers in addition to the victim (k) * Where a previously developed hazard control plan is in place and all identified hazards have been controlled in accordance with the plan (l) Where specific criteria for suspending or terminating an entry or rescue operation are clearly identified to all members (m) Where contingencies for emergencies during the entry or rescue operation are provided for, such as areas of refuge or intervention methods (8)* Using victim packaging devices that could be employed in mine and tunnel rescue (9) Transferring victim information, including location, surroundings, condition when found, present condition, and other pertinent information to emergency medical services personnel (10) Planning and implementing a mine and tunnel rescue operation (11) * Selecting, constructing, and using a rope-lowering and -raising system in the high-angle environment (12) Controlling all identified entry points to the mine/tunnel to prevent unauthorized entry and accounting

65 56 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM for all rescuers who might enter the space. Submittal Date: Thu Mar 03 11:55:15 EST 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: Better articulates the requirement - Clarifies intent to provide protection from UNANTICIPATED hazards. If an atmospheric hazard was identified rescuers would be wearing or using SCBA/ PPE. other change identifies that emergency contingencies are for the rescue team Public Comment No. 45-NFPA [Section No ]

66 57 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 16-NFPA [ Section No ] * A backup team with similar size and capabilities as the entry team shall be immediately available to intervene on behalf of the entry team. Supplemental Information File Name SR-16_A docx Description Submittal Date: Tue Mar 01 16:02:19 EST 2016 : The Technical Committee added Annex language to help articulate intent. Response Message: Public Comment No. 56-NFPA [Section No ]

67 SR 16, new annex material A Depending on the size of the space, its configuration and associated travel distances, it may be more beneficial to have all or a portion of the backup team positioned inside the space at a fresh air base or forward staging area.

68 58 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 54-NFPA [ Section No [Excluding any Sub-Sections] ] The need for egress-only respiratory protection identified in (6) shall be considered satisfied for members of an entry team who have selected and donned appropriate duration SCBA atmospheresupplying respirators identified by the AHJ for use in the mine or tunnel environment as part of an entry plan to enter a space with a recognized atmospheric hazard, provided the conditions of and have been met. Submittal Date: Thu Mar 03 12:01:33 EST 2016 : The Technical Committee has added language to clarify the intent. Response Message: Public Comment No. 57-NFPA [Section No [Excluding any Sub-Sections]]

69 59 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 55-NFPA [ New Section after ] * All team members shall be aware of prescribed action levels for specific contaminants or atmospheric conditions. Supplemental Information File Name Description A docx New Annex language for Submittal Date: Thu Mar 03 12:02:33 EST 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: The Technical Committee added this section due to the importance of identifying the action levels required for certain hazards. Public Comment No. 58-NFPA [New Section after ]

70 A Tunnel under construction in particular have specific action levels for particular contaminants such as methane which might vary from more conventional action levels for atmospheric hazards.

71 60 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 19-NFPA [ Section No ] Organizations performing animal rescue for animals not readily accessible shall meet all requirements of Sections 5.3(operations level for rope rescue),6.3 (operations level for structural collapse search and rescue), 9.2, and 9.3. Submittal Date: Tue Mar 01 16:11:49 EST 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: The Technical Committee found that as written, the section created an unnecessary requirement to meet the structural collapse standard and so deleted that portion. Public Comment No. 1-NFPA [Section No ]

72 61 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 20-NFPA [ Section No ] Organizations operating at the operations level for animal rescue incidents shall, commensurate with the identified needs of the organization, develop and implement procedures for the following: (1) Identifying hazards to rescuers posed by the animal (perform risk assessment) (2) Identifying behavioral body posture cues to determine the disposition of the animal (3) Creating an improvised restraint device (to include an improvised muzzle) to establish physical restraint/control of an animal, both ambulatory and nonambulatory (4) Identifying appropriate attachment points to the animal and appropriate positioning of the animal for extrication with minimal injury to the animal and responders (5) Using a harness, halter, leash, webbing, sack, or cage, whether improvised, custom, or commercially manufactured, to assist in the movement of an ambulatory animal from one stable location to another in a low-angle environment (6) Using an animal packaging device or system to move a recumbent animal from one stable location to another in a low-angle environment (7) Performing a low-angle and high-angle lower and raise of an animal using an improvised, custom, or commercially manufactured system, to include safely accessing, managing, and packaging the patient (8) Recognizing when chemical restraint is needed or contraindicated and requesting if needed (9) In rescues from soil or other adhesive material environments, recognizing the need to alleviate suction on an animal's limbs (10) Using behavioral cues and fight or flight or tipping point behavior characteristics to assist in a rescue (11) Using containment techniques for animals that cannot be immediately handled or which require greater control and attention to behavior (12) Using a ladder to access animals from a location below or above grade (13) Using auxiliary equipment to facilitate the safe placement of rescue devices on the animal (14) Constructing and operating a portable high-point anchor system Performing animal decontamination as a component of a rescue from sewers, canals, or other hazards, with recognition of hazmat issues (15) Understanding Mitigating the hazards to animals and responders in trailer extrication and whether it meets the definition of a confined space Submittal Date: Tue Mar 01 16:16:18 EST 2016

73 62 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Committee Statement: Response Message: The Technical Committee felt that the section unnecessarily narrowed the scope of the item - to maintain it required further enumerating other options. Also the section stipulated requirements outside the scope of the committee. Thus the following changes were made. Public Comment No. 2-NFPA [Section No ] Public Comment No. 49-NFPA [Section No ]

74 63 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 21-NFPA [ Section No ] Organizations performing animal rescue at the technician level for animals not readily accessible shall meet all requirements of Sections 5.4 (technician level for rope rescue), 6.4 (technician level for structural collapse search and rescue), 9.2, 9.3, and9.4. Submittal Date: Tue Mar 01 16:29:03 EST 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: The Technical Committee removed portions of this section as it provides a potentially unnecessary and costly training requirement which is already qualified in a different section. Public Comment No. 3-NFPA [Section No ]

75 64 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 22-NFPA [ Section No ] Organizations operating at the technician level for animal rescue incidents shall develop and implement procedures, commensurate with the identified needs of the organization, for the following: (1) Using a designed and tested harness device designed for animals and extended use in the high-angle environment to include helicopter rescue (2) Performing a high-angle rope rescue of an animal suspended from, or stranded on, a structure or landscape feature (3) Using rope rescue systems to move an animal along a horizontal path above an obstacle or projection (4) Understanding and applying Applying the principles of the physics involved in constructing rope rescue systems, including system safety factors, critical angles, and the causes and effects of force multipliers (5) Performing a high-angle rope rescue with an animal litter or sling system using tender(s) to negotiate obstacles or manipulate or position the animal (6) Moving an animal packaged in an animal litter or sling system up and over an edge during a raising or vertical lift operation with a rope system (7) Understanding Mitigating all dynamic loads associated with animal behaviors in a rope rescue system, and recognizing small livestock and smaller animals will be within the two-person rescue load normally used for human rescue (8) Performing helicopter rescue with a specifically designed and tested extended designed extended lift harness Submittal Date: Tue Mar 01 16:33:33 EST 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: "Understanding" in items 4 and 7 are difficult to demonstrate... changing 4 to 'applying' can be demonstrated... changing 7 to 'mitigating' can be demonstrated. Unaware of testing standards for animal lift therefore the TC removed. Public Comment No. 50-NFPA [Section No ]

76 65 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 57-NFPA [ Section No. A ] A Rescue Shoring. This is done to provide a safe atmosphere while conducting trapped victim search and rescue operations, which reduces risk to victims as well as the trained rescuers. This includes the stabilization of any adjacent structure or object that could be affected by the initial incident. The two levels of shoring are as follows; Operations Level Shoring Specific shores that rescuers working at the operations level of this document should be able to construct and properly install; T Shore, Double T shore, 2-Post Vertical Shore, Multiple Post Vertical Shore, Door and Window Shore, Horizontal Shore, Flying Raker Shore, Split Sole Raker Shore, Solid Sole Raker Shore, Laced Post Shore, Plywood Laced Post Shore, Cribbing. Technician Level Shoring Specific shores that rescuers working at the technician level of this document should be able to construct and properly install, which includes all operations-level shores as well as Sloped Floor Shores, Type 2 and Type 3 Shores, Double and Triple Raker Shores, Flying Raker Shores, and any combination of shores designed by a structural engineer. In addition to shores constructed of wood, pneumatic and mechanical shoring systems can be utilized at either training level. Submittal Date: Thu Mar 17 10:44:08 EDT 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: The Technical Committee deleted section A This material is now set into section A (6) with new material and graphics Public Comment No. 37-NFPA [Section No. A ]

77 66 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 79-NFPA [ Section No. A (7) ] A (7) (To be completed) Limitations of response Submittal Date: Tue May 10 08:43:36 EDT 2016 : This Annex section was deleted by staff as it was not finished in draft. Response Message:

78 67 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 80-NFPA [ Section No. A (8) ] A (8) (To be completed) Information management Submittal Date: Tue May 10 08:46:25 EDT 2016 : This Annex section was deleted by staff as it was not finished at draft. Response Message:

79 68 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 81-NFPA [ Section No. A (9) ] A (9) To be completed) Floods have long-term consequences for those affected. Responding organizations should be aware of the impact often for extended periods on the following areas: (1) Social (2) Economic (3) Political Submittal Date: Tue May 10 08:47:45 EDT 2016 : This Annex section language "to be completed" was deleted by staff. Response Message:

80 69 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 82-NFPA [ Section No. A (10) ] A (10) (To be completed) Search marking systems need to be usable in the flood environment, and the structural collapse marking systems might not be easy to implement for some of the following reasons: (1) Varying water levels can hide markings during follow-up search activities. (2) Paint- and poster-based systems can be difficult to apply reliably in wet conditions or to wet surfaces. (3) Buildings and structures might be re-occupied after search activities, and marking systems can adversely affect the cost to return the building to normal use. Submittal Date: Tue May 10 08:49:23 EDT 2016 : This Annex section language "To be completed" was deleted by staff. Response Message:

81 70 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 83-NFPA [ Section No. A ] A (To be completed) Flood incidents will often include a range of water environments, from shallow still water to high- energy, high- volume water environments. Organizations responding at the operations level should. (To be completed) Submittal Date: Tue May 10 08:50:51 EDT 2016 : This Annex language was deleted by staff. Response Message:

82 71 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 84-NFPA [ Sections A (1), A (2) ] A (1) (To be completed) Identify floodwater characteristics A (2) (To be completed) Operate surface support equipment Submittal Date: Tue May 10 08:52:29 EDT 2016 : This Annex language was deleted by staff as it was not completed at draft. Response Message:

83 72 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 85-NFPA [ Section No. A (4) ] A (4) (To be completed) In flood-affected areas, the usual signs, aids, and routes used to move through the area might be difficult or impossible to use. Responders should be able to navigate and report their position using a range of aids such as maps, aerial photographs, and GPS systems. Submittal Date: Tue May 10 08:53:36 EDT 2016 : This Annex language "To be completed" was deleted by staff. Response Message:

84 73 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 86-NFPA [ Sections A (5), A (6), A , A (2), A... ] A (5) (To be completed) Sources of contamination A (6) (To be completed) A (To be completed) Operate in higher risk, difficult, or complex flood environments A (2) (To be completed) Search operations A (3) (To be completed) Extrication and rescue A (4) (To be completed) Transport Submittal Date: Tue May 10 08:55:19 EDT 2016 Committee Statement: Response Message: The Annex language for these sections was deleted by staff as they were not completed at draft.

85 74 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 75-NFPA [ Section No. A (18) ] A (18) Pete Gannon s Checklist. See Figure A (18). Figure A (18) Pete Gannon s Dive Checklist. (Source: Dive Rescue International.) Submittal Date: Fri Mar 18 10:51:38 EDT 2016 : Updated title. Response Message:

86 75 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 87-NFPA [ Section No. A (9) ] A (9) See A.7.4.3(2) materials, typically no smaller than 39 in. (1 m) in diameter and within 20 degrees of horizontal. The health and safety regulations regarding the construction of tunnels apply to all. See for the definition of tunnel. Also See Annex G. Submitter Full Name: Sonia Barbosa Organization: [ Not Specified ] Submittal Date: Wed May 11 10:32:41 EDT 2016 : Corrected the annex language for list item (9). Response Message:

87 76 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 90-NFPA [ Section No. A (7) ] A (7) Darkness or unusual or extreme environmental conditions can require very specialized dive and/or surface support training specific to the situation(s) encountered. (See A for some specialty examples.) Submitter Full Name: Sonia Barbosa Organization: [ Not Specified ] Submittal Date: Fri May 20 14:32:17 EDT 2016 : Deleted reference to examples because section language was self-explanatory. Response Message:

88 77 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Second Revision No. 56-NFPA [ Chapter F ] Annex F Structural Marking Systems This annex is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is included for informational purposes only. Annex F is extracted from the Army Corps of Engineers. F.1 General. One of the initial strategic concerns for personnel is the need to analyze the structure(s) involved in any collapse situation. This is especially true where there is more than one structure involved, as in cases of devastating earthquakes, hurricanes, or other natural or man-made disasters. The determination of the condition of the structure, hazards, and occupancy prior to the event will affect the overall search and rescue strategy. A uniform building marking system has been developed by the FEMA National US&R Response System. There are 4 categories of FEMA US&R Markings: (1) Structure Identification Marking (2) Structure/Hazards Evaluation Marking (3) Search Assessment Marking (4) Victim Location Marking The building marking system was established to ensure: (1) Differentiation of structures within a geographic area. (2) The structural condition and status of rescue operations within the structure are communicated. Identification markings on structures may be made with International Orange spray paint (or construction crayon), placed on the building surface. In the case of hurricanes where many structures are involved, a system using a "Stick-on" Label should be used. Markings should be placed on normal address side of the structure.

89 78 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM F.2 Structure Identification Marking Within a Geographic Area.

90 79 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Structure identification within a geographic area is used to differentiate buildings by groups, such as by block(s) or jurisdictional area. It is imperative that personnel clearly identify each structure within a geographic area. This identification will assist both in the specific ongoing search and rescue effort and the long-term, post disaster identification of the site. International orange spray paint or construction crayon is used to mark buildings with their street number so that personnel can differentiate one building from another. Existing numbers should be used to fill in any unknown numbers. If all numbers are unknown, arbitrary numbers can be used (odd and even used on opposite sides of the street). The primary method of identification should include the existing street name, hundred block, and building number. Such identification is not always possible due to post disaster conditions. [See Figure F.2(a).] If at all possible, the existing street name and building number will be used. If some numbers have been obliterated, an attempt should be made to reestablish the numbering based on nearby structures. If no numbers are identifiable on a given block, rescue personnel will assign and identify the street name and numbers based on other structures in the proximity. The structures should then be numbered to differentiate them (using paint or crayon). Figure F.2(a) Structure Identification Marking System Within a Geographic Area. It is also important to identify locations within a single structure. The address side of the building is side A. Other sides of the structure are assigned alphabetically in a clockwise manner from side A around the building. [See Figure F.2(b).] Figure F.2(b) Structure Identification Marking System Within a Geographic Area Sides of a Single Structure. The interior of the structure can be divided into quadrants. The quadrants are identified alphabetically in a clockwise manner starting from where the side A and side B perimeter meet. The center core, where all four quadrants meet is identified as quadrant E (i.e., central core lobby, etc.). [See Figure F.2(c).] Figure F.2(c) Structure Identification Marking System Within a Geographic Area Quadrants of a Single Structure. Multistory buildings must have each floor clearly identified. If not clearly discernable, the floors should

91 80 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM be numbers as referenced from the exterior. The grade (or street) level floor is designated floor 1, and moving upward the second floor would be floor 2, etc. Conversely, the first floor below grade (or street) level would be B-1, the second B-2, etc. For buildings where the street slopes, all at the incident must be informed as to which level will be called the first floor. [See Figure F.2(d).] Figure F.2(d) Structure Identification Marking System Within a Geographic Area Floors in a Single Structure. If a structure contains a grid of structural columns, they should be marked with 2 foot high, orange letters/numbers to further identify enclosed areas. If plans are available, use the existing numbering system. If plans are not available, letter the columns across the long side (side A in the example) starting from the left, and number the columns along the short side (side B in this example) starting from the front, side A. The story level should be added to each marked column, and be placed below the column locator mark. Example: FL-2 = Floor 2. [See Figure F.2(e).] Figure F.2(e) Structure Identification Marking System Within a Geographic Area Column Grid Layout. F.3 Structure/Hazards Evaluation Marking.

92 81 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM This system is designed to identify specific hazards associated with any collapsed structure. Personnel should be cognizant of the nationally accepted marking system and should be proficient in the use of the system. After performing a building hazard identification, the responder makes a 2 ft 2 ft (0.6 m 0.6 m) square box on the building adjacent to the most accessible point of entry into any compromised structure. Paint sticks, lumber crayons or international orange aerosol spray paint can be used for this marking system. Peel and stick labels or stiff paper placards may be used to avoid paint damage. It is important that an effort is made to mark all normal entry points (side A if possible) to a building under evaluation to ensure that rescue personnel approaching the building can identify that it has been evaluated. Materials and methods used for marking should be coordinated with the AHJ in order to avoid confusion with search and other marking. The specific markings will be made inside the box to indicate the condition of the structure at the time of the assessment. Any identified hazards will be indicated, outside of the box, on the right side. Placards have space below the box for comments on hazards. Normally the marking (or placards) would, also, be made immediately adjacent to the entry point identified as lowest risk. An arrow will be placed next to the box indicating the direction of the lowest risk entrance if the structure/hazard evaluation marking must be made somewhat remote from this entrance. All rescue personnel must be aware of the possibility of, and look for other structure/hazards evaluation marking must be made somewhat remote from this entrance. As each subsequent assessment is performed throughout the course of the mission, a new time, date, and unit (task force) ID entry will be made below the previous entry, or a completely new marking made if the original information is now incorrect. The depiction of the various markings is as follows [see Figure F.3(a) ] : The time, date, and unit ID, are noted outside the box at the right-hand side. This info is made with paint stick or lumber crayon. The paper (or cardboard), stick-on placards may need to be attached using duct tape to assure their positioning. (See Figure F.3(b) Figure F.3(b) Structure Hazards Evaluation Markings. This example is for a medium risk building, and the arrow indicates the direction to the lowest risk entry (possibly a window, upper floor, etc.). Assessment was made on July 15, 1991, at 1:10 PM. There is an indication of natural gas in the structure. The evaluation was made by the #1 TF from the State of Oregon.

93 82 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM It should be understood that this building would not be entered until the hazmat (natural gas) has been mitigated. When that mitigation is performed, this mark should be altered by placing a line through the HM and adding the time and unit who performed the mitigation. An entirely new mark could also be added when the mitigation is done, or after any change in conditions such as an aftershock. To indicate changed conditions when using labels or placards, one may cross out the hazard if mitigated or just replace the label/placard if appropriate. Marking boxes may also be placed in each of the specific areas within the structure (i.e., rooms, hallways, stairwells, etc.) to denote hazardous conditions in separate parts of the building. It should also be noted that the structure/hazards mark might not be made in many situations, such as structures in which rescuers are present at all times during the incident and after hurricanes for very simple structures. F.3.1 Structure/Hazards Placard. This placard should be printed on adhesive backed, 8.5 inch x 11 inch heavy white paper, Rite in the Rain (or equivalent) paper, or light cardboard. Cut in half to obtain two placards. (See Figure F.3.1.) White color was selected to avoid being confused with the Green-Yellow-Red Placards that are placed during safety evaluation of structures by non-us&r engineers. Figure F.3.1 Structure/Hazards Placard.

94 83 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM F.4 Search Assessment Marking.

95 84 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM A separate and distinct marking system is necessary to denote information relating to the victim location determinations in the areas searched. This separate search assessment marking system is designed to be used in conjunction with the structure and hazards evaluation marking system. The canine search specialist, technical search specialists, and/or search team manager (or any other search and rescue team member performing the search function) will draw and X that is 2 ft x 2 ft (0.6 m 0.6 m) in size with international orange paint stick, lumber crayon or color spray paint (note that K9 may be adversely effected by the fumes from the spray paint). This X will be constructed in two operations one slash drawn upon entry into the structure (or room, hallway, etc.) and a second crossing slash drawn upon exit [see Figure F.4(a).] Figure F.4(a) Distinct markings will be made inside the remaining quadrants of the X to clarify denote the search status and findings at the time of this assessment. The marks will be made with carpenter chalk or lumber crayon. The following illustrations define the search assessment marks [see Figure F.4(b) ] : Figure F.4(b) Example of Structural Evaluation Markings. In most cases, extemporaneous information will not be conveyed using the marking system. This type of communication will usually take place as a result of face-to-face meetings between search, rescue, and

96 85 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM other components of the search and rescue team. Search markings should be made at each area within a structure, such as rooms, voids, etc., but only information related to the results of the search will be marked upon exiting each space (no time or unit designation). F.5 Victim Location Marking. During the search function, it is often necessary to identify the location of potential and known victims because debris in the area could completely cover, obstruct, or hide the location of any victims. When a known or potential victim is located and not removed immediately, victim location marking symbols are made by the search team or others aiding the search and rescue operation. These symbols should be made with orange spray paint or orange crayon (see Figure F.5 ). The following illustrates the marking system: Figure F.5 Victim Location Marking System.

97 86 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM F.6 The United Nations International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG). The search marking system used by the United Nations includes the following: (1) Structural marking should be applied on collapsed structures assessed by USAR teams. (a) (b) The marking should be placed near the point of entry on the exterior of the collapsed structure that offers the best visibility. All assessment results are to be reported to the OSOCC immediately. (2) The marking consists of a 3.3 ft 3.3 ft (1 m 1 m) square box. (3) Inside the box, mark the following: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Go if deemed safe to enter No Go if deemed unsafe to enter Team identification Date and time start Date and time finish (4) Outside the box, mark the following: (a) (b) (c) (d) Hazard information (top) Missing persons (bottom) Live victims extricated (left) Dead victims removed (right) (5) Additional information (a) (b) When the USAR team has completed work on the structure to its capacity, a circle is drawn around the entire marking. After all work on the structure has been completed and it is confirmed there are no more victims, a horizontal line is drawn through the entire marking. (See Figure F.6 ). Figure F.6 INSARAG Marking System.

98 87 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM F.1 General. Structure/hazards evaluation and search assessment procedures are designed to identify specific information pertinent to each affected building. Either of these analyses can be completed independently of the other, although the structure/hazards evaluation normally is completed first. Symbols should be drawn conspicuously with orange spray paint. [See FEMA National Urban Search and Rescue (US&R) Response System, Appendix C, Task Force Building Marking System. ] One of the initial strategic concerns for personnel is the need to analyze the structure(s) involved in any collapse situation. This is especially true where there is more than one structure involved, as in cases of devastating earthquakes, hurricanes, or other natural or man-made disasters. The determination of the condition of the structure, hazards, and occupancy prior to the event will affect the overall search and rescue strategy. It is imperative that the information derived from a coordinated building triage and marking system be consolidated by the AHJ at any structural collapse event. This information not only should be used to identify operational priorities but also should be forwarded to the incident commander to assist in the overall assessment of the event. F.2 FEMA Task Force Search and Rescue Marking System. Distinct markings should be made within the four quadrants of an X to denote clearly the search status and findings during the search. Figure F.2 illustrates the search marking system. Figure F.2 FEMA Task Force Search and Rescue Marking System. An X measuring 2 ft 2 ft (0.6 m 0.6 m) should be spray-painted in the color orange. The information for each quadrant should be written in the quadrant using carpenter's chalk or a lumber crayon. In addition, search personnel should mark the exact location of a victim(s) with orange spray paint. Surveyor's tape can be used as a flag to identify the appropriate area in conjunction with the spray paint. To reduce needless duplication of search efforts, markings should be made at each point of entry or separate area of the structure. Where updated information of previously searched structures is needed, the old information should be crossed out and the most recent information should be indicated below or next to the old, using the marking system.

99 88 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM F.3 FEMA Task Force Building Marking System (Structure/Hazard Evaluation). This system is designed to identify specific hazards associated with any collapsed structure. Personnel should be cognizant of the nationally accepted marking system and should be proficient in the use of the system. [See FEMA National Urban Search and Rescue (US&R) Response System, Appendix D, Structure Triage, Assessment & Marking System. ] After performing a building hazard identification, the responder uses international orange spray paint to make a 2 ft 2 ft (0.6 m 0.6 m) square box on the building adjacent to the most accessible point of entry. Figure F.3 illustrates the search marking system. Figure F.3 Task Force Building Marking System Structure/Hazard Evaluation. An empty box indicates that the building is relatively safe for search and rescue operations and that damage is such that there is little danger of further collapse. One diagonal line in the box indicates that the structure is significantly damaged and that some areas might need shoring, bracing, or removal of hazards in spite of the fact that some areas might be safe. Two diagonal lines in the box (an X ) indicate that the building is not safe for search and rescue operations and might be subject to sudden collapse. An arrow next to the marking box indicates the direction of safest entry to the structure. To the right of the marking box, text is used to indicate the time and date of the search, the team designation, and hazard(s) found. The letters HM to the right of the box (in the text area) indicate a hazmat condition in or adjacent to the structure. When HM is used, search and rescue operations normally will not be allowed until the condition is better defined or eliminated.

100 89 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM F.4 FEMA Task Force Structure Marking System (Structure Identification Within a Geographical Area).

101 90 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Structure identification within a geographic area is used to differentiate buildings by groups, such as by block(s) or jurisdictional area. This geographic area identification should be consolidated at the command post of the AHJ and used to deploy search and rescue personnel. [See Figure F.4(a).] International orange spray paint is used to mark buildings with their street number so that personnel can differentiate one building from another. Existing numbers should be used to fill in any unknown numbers. If all numbers are unknown, arbitrary numbers can be used (odd and even used on opposite sides of the street). The primary method of identification should include the existing street name, hundred block, and building number. Such identification is not always possible due to postdisaster conditions. (See FEMA US&R Response System, Appendix D, Structure Triage, Assessment & Marking System. ) Figure F.4(a) Task Force Structure Marking System Structure Identification Within a Geographic Area. A standard approach to describing each building's layout is also used. The street side of the building is side 1. Subsequent sides (2, 3, 4) are labeled in a clockwise direction around the building. Internally, quadrants are described starting with the front left corner (while standing at the front, street side of the building) and labeled with letters starting with A. Subsequent quadrants (B, C, D) are labeled in a clockwise direction around the interior of the building, with the core (center) being labeled E. Stories are labeled 1, 2, 3, and so forth, and basements are designated B1, B2, B3, and so forth. It is imperative that personnel clearly identify each structure within a geographic area. This identification will assist both in the specific ongoing search and rescue effort and the long-term, postdisaster identification of the site. [See Figure F.4(b).] Figure F.4(b) Task Force Structure Marking System Structure Identification Within a Geographic Area Single Structure.

102 91 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM

103 92 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM F.5 Victim Location Marking System.

104 93 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM During the search function, it is often necessary to identify the location of potential and known victims because debris in the area could completely cover, obstruct, or hide the location of any victims. When a known or potential victim is located and not removed immediately, victim location marking symbols are made by the search team or others aiding the search and rescue operation. These symbols should be made with orange spray paint or orange crayon. Figure F.5(a) through Figure F.5(f) illustrate examples of the marking system in use, described as follows: Initially, a large [approximately 2 ft (0.6 m) across] V is painted near the location of the known or potential victim. If the victim's location is not clearly visible or if the victim is some distance from the symbol, an arrow can be added next to the V pointing toward the location of the victim. The US&R Task Force identifier is placed in the open part of the V. A circle is placed around the V when the location of a potential victim has been confirmed either visually, vocally, or by hearing sounds that would indicate a high probability of a victim. Confirmation can be done when the victim is initially located, after partial debris removal, or with the use of specialized search equipment such as video or fiber-optic cameras. A canine alert will normally be considered an unconfirmed victim location, even if the alert is confirmed by a second canine. However, such a confirming canine alert should be interpreted as a highly probable victim location. A horizontal line is painted through the middle of the V when the victim is confirmed to be deceased. An X is painted through the confirmed victim symbol after all victims have been removed from the specific location identified by the marking. New victim symbols are painted next to additional victims that are located later, near where the original victim(s) were removed (assuming the original symbol has been X ed out). The victim location marking symbols and numbers of victims, if known, must be kept on the developing site map during the search of the structure or area. Figure F.5(a) An Example Indicating a Potential Victim. Figure F.5(b) An Example Indicating a Potential Victim in the Direction of the Arrow.

105 94 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Figure F.5(c) An Example Indicating a Confirmed Live Victim. Figure F.5(d) An Example Indicating a Confirmed Deceased Victim. Figure F.5(e) An Example Indicating the Removal of a Confirmed Live Victim.

106 95 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Figure F.5(f) An Example Indicating the Removal of a Confirmed Deceased Victim. F.6 Search Assessment Marking System. F.6.1 Search Marking. Search markings must be easy to make, easy to read, and easy to understand. To be easily seen the search mark must be large and of a contrasting color to the background surface. Orange spray paint seems to be the most easily seen color on most backgrounds and line marking or download spray cans apply the best paint marks. A lumber marking device can be used to write additional information inside the search mark itself when it would be difficult to write the additional information with spray paint.

107 96 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM F.6.2 Main Entrance. A large distinct marking is made outside the main entrance of each building or structure to be searched. This Main Entrance search marking will be completed in two steps. First, a large [approximately 2 ft (0.61 m)] single slash is made near the main entrance at the start of the search with the search team identifier, date, and time that they entered marked to the left of the midpoint of the slash. After the search of the entire structure has been completed, a second large slash is drawn in the opposite direction, forming an X. Additional information is placed in the remaining three quadrants of the Main Entrance X, summarizing the entire search of the structure. The left quadrant will already contain the search team identifier, date, and time when the team first entered the structure. The top quadrant is for the date and time the search team left the structure. The right quadrant is for any significant hazards located inside the structure. The bottom quadrant is for the number of LIVE or DEAD victims still inside the structure; this is indicated with L or D. Use a small x in the bottom quadrant if no victims are inside the structure. [See Figure F.6.2(a), Figure F.6.2(b), and Figure F.6.2(c).] Figure F.6.2(a) Main Entrance Search Marking When You Enter. Figure F.6.2(b) Main Entrance Search Marking When You Exit Incomplete Search. Figure F.6.2(c) Main Entrance Search Marking When You Exit Complete Search.

108 97 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM F.6.3 Room or Area Markings. During the search function while inside the structure a large single slash is made upon entry of each room or area. After the search of the room or area has been completed a second large slash is drawn in the opposite direction, forming an X. The only additional information placed in any of the X quadrants while inside the structure is that pertaining to any significant hazards or the number of LIVE or DEAD victims. If multiple floors are searched, a box under the X will show how many floors/quadrants have been searched in the positive. Indicate F for floors and Q for quadrants. [See Figure F.6.3(a) and Figure F.6.3(b).] Figure F.6.3(a) Interior Search Marking Each Room or Area When You Enter. Figure F.6.3(b) Interior Search Marking Each Room or Area When You Exit.

109 98 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM F.7 The United Nations International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG). The search marking system used by the United Nations includes the following: Structural marking should be applied on collapsed structures assessed by USAR teams. The marking should be placed near the point of entry on the exterior of the collapsed structure that offers the best visibility. All assessment results are to be reported to the OSOCC immediately. The marking consists of a 3.3 ft 3.3 ft (1 m 1 m) square box. Inside the box, mark the following: Go if deemed safe to enter No Go if deemed unsafe to enter Team identification Date and time start Date and time finish Outside the box, mark the following: Hazard information (top) Missing persons (bottom) Live victims extricated (left) Dead victims removed (right) Additional information When the USAR team has completed work on the structure to its capacity, a circle is drawn around the entire marking. After all work on the structure has been completed and it is confirmed there are no more victims, a horizontal line is drawn through the entire marking. [See Figure F.7.] Figure F.7 INSARAG Marking System.

110 99 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM F.8 Search Mark Placard. The search mark placard is an in. 11 in. (215.9 mm mm) adhesive-backed placard or sticker placed on the front of a structure adjacent to the main entrance, identifying the results of the search in the structure. The purpose of this tool is to identify from the street that the structure building has been searched. See Figure F.8. Figure F.8 FEMA Search Mark Placard. Supplemental Information File Name Annex_F_Structural_Marking_Systems_dc docx Description Updated Structural Marking System for Annex F Army Corps of Engineers, July 2015 Submittal Date: Wed Mar 09 15:56:21 EST 2016 Committee Since the material was first generated, there have been numerous changes in structural building

111 100 of 102 5/26/ :04 AM Statement: Response Message: marking systems for US&R. This revision completely replaces the current annex with the latest information and to align with 1006, which will include the same annex. This revision includes information on structural identification marking, structure hazards evaluation marking, search assessment marking, and victim location markings. It borrows from the latest FEMA US&R descriptions of these markings as published by the Army Corp of Engineers. Public Comment No. 16-NFPA [Chapter F]

112 Annex F Structural Marking Systems This annex is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is included for informational purposes only. F.1 General. One of the initial strategic concerns for personnel is the need to analyze the structure(s) involved in any collapse situation. This is especially true where there is more than one structure involved, as in cases of devastating earthquakes, hurricanes, or other natural or man-made disasters. The determination of the condition of the structure, hazards, and occupancy prior to the event will affect the overall search and rescue strategy. A uniform building marking system has been developed by the FEMA National US&R Response System. There are 4 categories of FEMA US&R Markings: Structure Identification Marking Structure/Hazards Evaluation Marking Search Assessment Marking Victim Location Marking The building marking system was established to ensure: Differentiation of structures within a geographic area. The structural condition and status of rescue operations within the structure are communicated. Identification markings on structures may be made with International Orange spray paint (or construction crayon), placed on the building surface. In the case of hurricanes where many structures are involved, a system using a "Stick-on" Label should be used. Markings should be placed on normal address side of the structure. F.2 Structure Identification Marking Within a Geographic Area. Structure identification within a geographic area is used to differentiate buildings by groups, such as by block(s) or jurisdictional area. It is imperative that personnel clearly identify each structure within a geographic area. This identification will assist both in the specific ongoing search and rescue effort and the long-term, post disaster identification of the site. International orange spray paint or construction crayon is used to mark buildings with their street number so that personnel can differentiate one building from another. Existing numbers should be used to fill in any unknown numbers. If all numbers are unknown, arbitrary numbers can be used (odd and even used on opposite sides of the street). The primary method of identification should include the existing street name, hundred block, and building number. Such identification is not always possible due to post disaster conditions. [See Figure F.2(a).] If at all possible, the existing street name and building number will be used. If some numbers have been obliterated, an attempt should be made to reestablish the numbering based on nearby structures. If no numbers are identifiable on a given block, rescue personnel will assign and identify the street name and numbers based on other structures in the proximity. The structures should then be numbered to differentiate them (using paint or crayon). NFPA 1670 Annex F Second Draft.docx (DCC) Revised: 11/03/2015 1

113 Figure F.2(a) Structure Identification Marking System Within a Geographic Area. It is also important to identify locations within a single structure. The address side of the building is side A. Other sides of the structure are assigned alphabetically in a clockwise manner from side A around the building. [See Figure F.2(b).] Figure F.2(b) Structure Identification Marking System Within a Geographic Area Sides of a Single Structure. The interior of the structure can be divided into quadrants. The quadrants are identified alphabetically in a clockwise manner starting from where the side A and side B perimeter meet. The center core, where all four quadrants meet is identified as quadrant E (i.e., central core lobby, etc.). [See Figure F.2(c).] NFPA 1670 Annex F Second Draft.docx (DCC) Revised: 11/03/2015 2

114 Figure F.2(c) Structure Identification Marking System Within a Geographic Area Quadrants of a Single Structure. Multistory buildings must have each floor clearly identified. If not clearly discernable, the floors should be numbers as referenced from the exterior. The grade (or street) level floor is designated floor 1, and moving upward the second floor would be floor 2, etc. Conversely, the first floor below grade (or street) level would be B-1, the second B-2, etc. For buildings where the street slopes, all at the incident must be informed as to which level will be called the first floor. [See Figure F.2(d).] Figure F.2(d) Structure Identification Marking System Within a Geographic Area Floors in a Single Structure. If a structure contains a grid of structural columns, they should be marked with 2 foot high, orange letters/numbers to further identify enclosed areas. If plans are available, use the existing numbering system. If plans are not available, letter the columns across the long side (side A in the example) starting from the left, and number the columns along the short side (side B in this example) starting from the front, side A. The story level should be added to each marked column, and be placed below the column locator mark. Example: FL-2 = Floor 2. [See Figure F.2(e).] Figure F.2(e) Structure Identification Marking System Within a Geographic Area Column Grid Layout. NFPA 1670 Annex F Second Draft.docx (DCC) Revised: 11/03/2015 3

115 F.3 Structure/Hazards Evaluation Marking This system is designed to identify specific hazards associated with any collapsed structure. Personnel should be cognizant of the nationally accepted marking system and should be proficient in the use of the system. After performing a building hazard identification, the responder makes a 2 ft 2 ft (0.6 m 0.6 m) square box on the building adjacent to the most accessible point of entry into any compromised structure. Paint sticks, lumber crayons or international orange aerosol spray paint can be used for this marking system. Peel and stick labels or stiff paper placards may be used to avoid paint damage. It is important that an effort is made to mark all normal entry points (side A if possible) to a building under evaluation to ensure that rescue personnel approaching the building can identify that it has been evaluated. Materials and methods used for marking should be coordinated with the AHJ in order to avoid confusion with search and other marking. The specific markings will be made inside the box to indicate the condition of the structure at the time of the assessment. Any identified hazards will be indicated, outside of the box, on the right side. Placards have space below the box for comments on hazards. Normally the marking (or placards) would, also, be made immediately adjacent to the entry point identified as lowest risk. An arrow will be placed next to the box indicating the direction of the lowest risk entrance if the structure/hazard evaluation marking must be made somewhat remote from this entrance. All rescue personnel must be aware of the possibility of, and look for other structure/hazards evaluation marking must be made somewhat remote from this entrance. As each subsequent assessment is performed throughout the course of the mission, a new time, date, and unit (task force) ID entry will be made below the previous entry, or a completely new marking made if the original information is now incorrect. The depiction of the various markings is as follows: NFPA 1670 Annex F Second Draft.docx (DCC) Revised: 11/03/2015 4

116 The time, date, and unit ID, are noted outside the box at the right-hand side. This info is made with paint stick or lumber crayon. The paper (or cardboard), stick-on placards may need to be attached using duct tape to assure their positioning. This example is for a medium risk building, and the arrow indicates the direction to the lowest risk entry (possibly a window, upper floor, etc.). Assessment was made on July 15, 1991, at 1:10 PM. There is an indication of natural gas in the structure. The evaluation was made by the #1 TF from the State of Oregon. NFPA 1670 Annex F Second Draft.docx (DCC) Revised: 11/03/2015 5

117 It should be understood that this building would not be entered until the hazmat (natural gas) has been mitigated. When that mitigation is performed, this mark should be altered by placing a line through the HM and adding the time and unit who performed the mitigation. An entirely new mark could also be added when the mitigation is done, or after any change in conditions such as an aftershock. To indicate changed conditions when using labels or placards, one may cross out the hazard if mitigated or just replace the label/placard if appropriate. Marking boxes may also be placed in each of the specific areas within the structure (i.e., rooms, hallways, stairwells, etc.) to denote hazardous conditions in separate parts of the building. It should also be noted that the structure/hazards mark might not be made in many situations, such as structures in which rescuers are present at all times during the incident and after hurricanes for very simple structures. F.3.1 Structure/Hazards Placard This placard should be printed on adhesive backed, 8.5 inch x 11 inch heavy white paper, Rite in the Rain (or equivalent) paper, or light cardboard. Cut in half to obtain two placards. [See Figure F.3.1.] White color was selected to avoid being confused with the Green-Yellow-Red Placards that are placed during safety evaluation of structures by non-us&r engineers. Figure F.3.1 Structure/Hazards Placard. NFPA 1670 Annex F Second Draft.docx (DCC) Revised: 11/03/2015 6

118 F.4 Search Assessment Marking. A separate and distinct marking system is necessary to denote information relating to the victim location determinations in the areas searched. This separate search assessment marking system is designed to be used in conjunction with the structure and hazards evaluation marking system. The canine search specialist, technical search specialists, and/or search team manager (or any other search and rescue team member performing the search function) will draw and X that is 2 ft x 2 ft (0.6 m 0.6 m) in size with international orange paint stick, lumber crayon or color spray paint (note that K9 may be adversely effected by the fumes from the spray paint). This X will be constructed in two operations one slash drawn upon entry into the structure (or room, hallway, etc.) and a second crossing slash drawn upon exit. Distinct markings will be made inside the remaining quadrants of the X to clarify denote the search status and findings at the time of this assessment. The marks will be made with carpenter chalk or lumber crayon. The following illustrations define the search assessment marks: NFPA 1670 Annex F Second Draft.docx (DCC) Revised: 11/03/2015 7

119 In most cases, extemporaneous information will not be conveyed using the marking system. This type of communication will usually take place as a result of face-to-face meetings between search, rescue, and other components of the search and rescue team. Search markings should be made at each area within a structure, such as rooms, voids, etc., but only information related to the results of the search will be marked upon exiting each space (no time or unit designation). F.5 Victim Location Marking. During the search function, it is often necessary to identify the location of potential and known victims because debris in the area could completely cover, obstruct, or hide the location of any victims. When a known or potential victim is located and not removed immediately, victim location marking symbols are made by the search team or others aiding the search and rescue operation. These symbols should be made with orange spray paint or orange crayon. The following illustrates the marking system: NFPA 1670 Annex F Second Draft.docx (DCC) Revised: 11/03/2015 8

120 F.6 The United Nations International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG). The search marking system used by the United Nations includes the following: (1) Structural marking should be applied on collapsed structures assessed by USAR teams. (a) The marking should be placed near the point of entry on the exterior of the collapsed structure that offers the best visibility. (b) All assessment results are to be reported to the OSOCC immediately. NFPA 1670 Annex F Second Draft.docx (DCC) Revised: 11/03/2015 9