C&G Level 3 Award in the Periodic Inspection, Testing and Certification of Electrical Installations

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1 C&G Level 3 Award in the Periodic Inspection, Testing and Certification of Electrical Installations Test instruments and recommended testing sequence 1

2 Outcomes of this Session describe the different types of test instrument required explain the requirements regarding periodic testing sequence describe the importance of comparing test results with relevant criteria explain the requirements for safety when testing state the requirements for circuits in prescribed special installations and locations, in terms of identifying the installations and locations to which special requirements apply, demonstrating the ability to make reference to the appropriate requirements in each case and, from given information, be able to identify the requirements in relation to specific areas and installations. 2

3 Requirements of testing The person carrying out inspection and testing must be competent. The inspector must therefore be, skilled, experienced, and have sufficient knowledge of the type of installation to be inspected and tested to ensure that no danger arises to any person, livestock or property. 3

4 Test Instruments Before testing can take place, the correct instruments must be selected. The type of instrument chosen depends on the test being done. You should be aware of certain criteria that need to be considered. When using test instruments, the precautions to take are: Know the instrument, its uses and limitations Follow all the safety procedures Check that the equipment meets current standards Check that the test leads meet with the requirements of GS 38 Check that the test equipment is calibrated correctly. Testing should be carried out in such a manner that `no danger to person livestock or property arises There are certain tests that can cause damage to equipment 4

5 Requirements of Test Instruments BS 7671 lays out the minimum requirements for the test instruments used to test in accordance with BS EN All the differing test instruments are listed and although two of them are the most common, it is necessary for you to know the requirements of all of each. 5

6 Low-resistance ohmmeter (continuity test instrument) 4.3 p.82 A low resistance ohmmeter or continuity scale on a combined insulation/continuity tester. Four characteristics: 1. The measuring range should have a resolution of at least 0.01 Ω. 2. A test current derived from a source with no-load voltage between 4 V-24 V. 3. A short-circuit test current of not less than 200 ma. Instruments to BS EN will meet these requirements. Zero reading on the display shows that the resistance of the leads have been nulled. Leads connected together Calibration label showing date 6

7 Accuracy of results The person carrying out the tests, should also be aware that the accuracy of any results will depend on the way in which a particular test instrument is used. You should check that: you know how to null or zero, where necessary, the test instrument where applicable, the crocodile clips are connected the right way round you are aware of the limits of the test instrument 7

8 Insulation Resistance Tester (High resistance ohmmeter) An Insulation Resistance Tester is a small d.c. generator. (This instrument is often, incorrectly, called a `megger!) The instrument should comply with BS EN

9 Insulation Resistance Tester/Ohmmeter O.S.G p.95 (GN3 4.4 p.83) The test voltages required are: V d.c. for SELV and PELV circuits/spds (O.S.G Table p.96) V d.c. for all circuits 500V a.c V d.c. for circuits > 500V < 1000V 9

10 Insulation Resistance Test The insulation resistance test is the electrician s pressure test. We pressurise the system by applying a voltage, and we can see where the current leaks. We are testing for current leakage between conductors. We are making sure that the current passes through the load and not between the live conductors, or between live conductors to earth. 10

11 Earth Fault Loop Impedance Tester This should operate in less than 40 ms (about 2 cycles of alternating current), with a test current of between A. The resolution on the scale is adequate at 0.01 Ω. This instrument should comply with BS EN

12 Earth Electrode Test Instrument O.S.G p.101 (GN p.46-47) There are two types of instrument that can be used for carrying out an earth electrode resistance test. Test method 1 (DEAD testing) Earth electrode test instrument which has three or four terminals (C1,P1/P2,T2/C2,T1), Test method 2 (LIVE testing) An earth fault loop impedance test instrument when there is an RCD protecting the TT installation. Instruments should comply with BS EN

13 RCD Test Instrument The RCD test instrument needs three scales. These are ½; 1 and 5. In each of the tests required for the RCD, the test voltage must not rise above 50 V a.c. rms. The accuracy of the instrument must be ± 10% to allow for voltage variations and have a timing accuracy of ± 5%. Additionally, they should allow for positive and negative half-cycles to be tested, as well as allowing for time delayed RCDs. 13

14 Checking of Test Instruments Test instruments require regular testing and calibration where required. The instrument should have a current test certificate! The normal time span between calibration checks should not be more than 1 year. As far as the EAWR is concerned, test instruments should be: fit for use used properly appropriate for the task The accuracy of a test instrument can be judged in one of two ways: 1. regular accuracy checks using resistors/calibration check unit, etc. 2. regular (at least annual) calibration of the test instrument. 14

15 Inspection and Testing Procedure Visual Inspection Check for any obvious mechanical damage or deterioration of materials and equipment, exposed cables and live parts, missing covers, fixings, labels and notices etc. 15

16 Inspection and Testing Procedure Visual Inspection The main switchgear and all distribution boards. These should be inspected for the following: Fuses and MCBs are correctly rated for over-current and fault current Fuse and switch contacts are clean and have not been over-heating Conductor terminations are tight and correctly lugged (if possible) Busbar connections are properly made and clamps are tight. 16

17 Inspection and Testing Procedure Cables - whenever possible cables should be inspected to ascertain: The suitability for the load and operating environment The condition of the insulation and protection Adequacy of fixings and mechanical protection Suitability of glands and shrouds Proper use of earthing clamps and earth connections Any signs of over-heating and damage 17

18 Inspection and Testing Procedure Equipment, accessories and lighting fittings should be inspected for: Deterioration due to the atmosphere Mechanical damage Over-heating and adequate fixings Connections of conductors and condition of flexes - This should include removing light fitting covers, switch plates, socket outlets and covers of equipment. A sample of approximately 10% of all parts and areas of the installation should be inspected. 18

19 Inspection and Testing Procedure Testing Continuity of circuit protective conductors (CPCs) at all metal accessories and equipment within a height of 3.5 metres from floor level, and at 10% of all lighting fittings. Continuity of all bonding conductors and earth clamps. Continuity of all ring circuit conductors, including CPCs. R1 + R2 continuity test or R2 test on every final circuit. 19

20 Testing Inspection and Testing Procedure Insulation resistance between live conductors and earth of all circuits collectively, excepting any circuits supplying electronic equipment which may be damaged by the test. These shall be listed separately as not having been tested. An electrical separation test on all electrically separated circuits. Polarity at the board and at a 10% sample of all lighting switches and equipment to ensure that switches interrupt only phase conductors. 20

21 Testing Inspection and Testing Procedure Earth fault loop impedance (Ze) at the main intake position. Earth fault loop impedance (Zs) at each distribution board. Earth fault loop impedance (Zs) test on every final circuit and every socket outlet. Test all Residual Current Devices. The resistance of every earth electrode. Prospective fault current at the main intake position and at every distribution board. A manual operation test on all MCBs, RCDs, switch fuses and isolators. 21

22 Inspection and testing of special installations and locations Part 7 of BS 7671 details the particular requirements for special installations and locations, such as swimming pools, saunas, caravan parks etc. There are occasional instances where a special location makes mention of inspection and testing. Exhibitions, shows and stands - Regulation requires inspection and testing to be carried out each time the installation is assembled. No additional tests are called for. Electrical installations in caravans and motor caravans - Fig 721 requires that a periodic inspection is to be carried out not less than once every three years and annually if the caravan is used frequently. Temporary electrical installations for structures, amusement devices and booths at fairgrounds, amusement parks and circuses - Regulation requires the electrical installation between its origin and any electrical equipment to be inspected and tested after each assembly on site. No additional tests are called for. End 22

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