B Ji Th By: Jim Thompson August 2018
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1 CCD vs. CMOS: Which is better? A brief summary of camera bench testing B Ji Th By: Jim Thompson August 2018
2 Introduction Number of astro camera choices has exploded in the past couple years New camera offerings have CMOS sensors CMOS sensors are the latest technology so they re better right?... Not necessarily! Comparison testing needed
3 Camera Testing Project Started in late 2013 Impetus excess of narratives on camera performance, lack of actual unbiased test results Final straw Astro Video Systems & related CN berating of MC On my own develop a test method & start testing cameras Many new cameras since tested so far
4 Evaluating Camera Performance Sensi vity & Noise Observable Image Most common figure of merit is Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) image by: Jean Guimond, 2013 Ideal Image Real Image Image Data = Signal + Noise
5 Evaluating Camera Performance SNR = Mean Signal / RMS Noise SNR can be improved in several ways: exposure time SNR exposure time stack frames SNR #frames binning SNR #bin Measuring SNR accurately & repeatably bench test signal standard deviation
6 My Test Method Representative Light Source All other light sources in room off f/6.3 + ND4.8 Small Rectangular Opening Opal Glass Diffuser
7 My Test Method Capture images at different exposure times and gain settings, all other settings at default Analyze images using ImageJ mean & std dev Sample area for background mean Sample area for signal mean & std dev Sample image: DS2.3+, Gain 50, Exp 1s
8 Sample SNR Result SNR increases with exposure (as expected) Gain shifts curve left (higher SNR for same exposure) Gain also reduces max exposure & max SNR (due to image saturation) How quickly can I see my image?
9 SNR SNR ZWO ASI 100 IMX294 sensor performs best 10 1 Legend ASI183MM gain 0 ASI183MM gain 225 ASI183MM gain 450 ASI185MC gain 0 ASI185MC gain 240 ASI185MC gain 480 ASI290MM gain 0 ASI290MM gain 300 ASI290MM gain 600 ASI294MC gain 0 ASI294MC gain 285 ASI294MC gain 570 ASI385MC gain 0 ASI385MC gain 300 ASI385MC gain Sub-Exposure Length (sec)
10 SNR SNR Miscellaneous Monochrome not better than colour (?) 100 Universe capable of very high SNR ICX825 camera rather noisy 10 1 Legend Lodestar X2C Ultrastar-C SSIc gain 6.0 SSIc gain 8.1 SSIc gain 10.2 Universe gain 6.9 Universe gain 16.6 Universe gain 26.0 Lodestar X2M Sub-Exposure Length (sec)
11 SNR Xterminator gives high SNR in shortest time SNR Mallincam Video all analog video cam s seem to level out at around SNR=40 surprisingly old Junior EX also very good 1 Legend Junior-EX (gain OFF) Junior-EX (gain ON) Xtreme 418c (gain OFF) Xtreme 418c (gain 4) Xtreme 418c (gain 8) Xterminator-M (gain 0) Xterminator-M (gain 4) Xterminator-M (gain 8) Jr Pro 418c (gain 0) Jr Pro 418c (gain 4) Jr Pro 418c (gain 8) Xtreme & Jr Pro very similar as expected (same sensor) Sub-Exposure Length (sec)
12 SNR DS287c gives high SNR in shortest time compared to other cameras AGc lacking performance SNR SkyRaider Small high SNR 100 achieved with AG1.2c, DSm, & DS287c 10 1 Legend SkyRaider DSc (gain 1) SkyRaider DSc (gain 3) SkyRaider DSc (gain 5) SkyRaider DSm (gain 1) SkyRaider DSm (gain 3) SkyRaider DSm (gain 5) SkyRaider AGc (gain 1) SkyRaider AGc (gain 5) SkyRaider AGc (gain 10) SkyRaider AG1.2c (gain 1 LCG) SkyRaider AG1.2c (gain 25 LCG) SkyRaider AG1.2c (gain 50 LCG) SkyRaider AG1.2c (gain 1 HCG) SkyRaider AG1.2c (gain 25 HCG) SkyRaider AG1.2c (gain 50 HCG) SkyRaider DS287c (gain 1) SkyRaider DS287c (gain 12.5) SkyRaider DS287c (gain 25) SkyRaider DS287c (gain 50) no difference in SNR using HCG on AG1.2c Sub-Exposure Length (sec)
13 SNR SNR SkyRaider Large DS2.3+ similar or slightly better performance than DS10c prototype 20MP camera low SNR, not likely to become a product Legend SkyRaider DS2.3+ (gain 1) SkyRaider DS2.3+ (gain 25) SkyRaider DS2.3+ (gain 50) SkyRaider DS20c (gain1) SkyRaider DS20c (gain25) SkyRaider DS20c (gain50) SkyRaider DS10c (LCG Gain 1) SkyRaider DS10c (LCG Gain 80) SkyRaider DS10c (LCG Gain 160) SkyRaider DS10c (HCG Gain 1) SkyRaider DS10c (HCG Gain 80) Sub-Exposure Length (sec) HCG has big impact on DS10c performance
14 Time To Observable Image By changing exposure, gain, and/or stacking frames, how long to get SNR=200? Compare cameras using TTOI minimum TTOI
15 TTOI (sec) TTOI TTOI ZWO ASI Legend ASI183MM gain 0 ASI183MM gain 225 ASI183MM gain 450 ASI185MC gain 0 ASI185MC gain 240 ASI185MC gain 480 ASI290MM gain 0 ASI290MM gain 300 ASI290MM gain 600 ASI294MC gain 0 ASI294MC gain 285 ASI294MC gain 570 ASI385MC gain 0 ASI385MC gain 300 ASI385MC gain IMX294 sensor gives best TTOI ~ 190s Sub-Exposure Length (sec)
16 TTOI (sec) TTOI Miscellaneous TTOI 1000 Universe also very good ~ 42s 100 Legend Lodestar X2C Ultrastar-C ICX828 SSIc gain 6.0 SSIc gain 8.1 camera very SSIc gain 10.2 Universe gain 6.9 good ~ 27s Universe gain 16.6 Universe gain 26.0 Lodestar X2M Sub-Exposure Length (sec)
17 TTOI (sec) TTOI Mallincam Video TTOI 1000 with gain all video cams << 100s 100 Xterminator is a beast with TTOI < 10s! 10 Legend Junior-EX (gain OFF) Junior-EX (gain ON) Xtreme 418c (gain OFF) Xtreme 418c (gain 4) Xtreme 418c (gain 8) Xterminator-M (gain 0) Xterminator-M (gain 4) Xterminator-M (gain 8) Jr Pro 418c (gain 0) Jr Pro 418c (gain 4) Jr Pro 418c (gain 8) Sub-Exposure Length (sec)
18 TTOI (sec) TTOI SkyRaider Small Legend SkyRaider DSc (gain 1) SkyRaider DSm (gain 5) SkyRaider AG1.2c (gain 25 LCG) SkyRaider DS287c (gain 1) SkyRaider DSc (gain 3) SkyRaider DSc (gain 5) SkyRaider DSm (gain 1) SkyRaider DSm (gain 3) SkyRaider AGc (gain 1) SkyRaider AGc (gain 5) SkyRaider AGc (gain 10) SkyRaider AG1.2c (gain 1 LCG) SkyRaider AG1.2c (gain 50 LCG) SkyRaider AG1.2c (gain 1 HCG) SkyRaider AG1.2c (gain 25 HCG) SkyRaider AG1.2c (gain 50 HCG) SkyRaider DS287c (gain 12.5) SkyRaider DS287c (gain 25) SkyRaider DS287c (gain 50) 1000 DS287c gives performance better than DSm (TTOI~32s) Sub-Exposure Length (sec) DSm much better than DSc
19 TTOI (sec) 10000TTOI SkyRaider Large 1000 DS2.3+ slightly better performance than DS10c 100 Legend SkyRaider DS2.3+ (gain 1) SkyRaider DS2.3+ (gain 25) SkyRaider DS2.3+ (gain 50) SkyRaider DS20c (gain1) SkyRaider DS20c (gain25) SkyRaider DS20c (gain50) SkyRaider DS10c (LCG Gain 1) SkyRaider DS10c (LCG Gain 80) SkyRaider DS10c (LCG Gain 160) SkyRaider DS10c (HCG Gain 1) SkyRaider DS10c (HCG Gain 80) Sub-Exposure Length (sec)
20 Minimum m TTOI (se ec) Min. TTOI Comparison bin1 binning li g lines bin2 bin3 Legend ASI183MM ASI185MC ASI290MM ASI294MC ASI385MC SkyRaider DSc SkyRaider DSm SkyRaider AGc SkyRaider AG1.2c SkyRaider DS2.3+ SkyRaider DS10c SkyRaider DS20c SkyRaider DS287c MC Junior-EX MC Xtreme 418c MC SSIc MC Universe MC Xterminator-M Lodestar X2c Lodestar X2m Ultrastar C bin Pixel Area (sq microns)
21 Conclusions In general, CCD based cameras still have TTOI much shorter than CMOS based (x10+) but DS287 is coming close! SkyRaider series out performs comparable ZWO cams DS1.2c & DS287c lead CMOS cameras for performance vs. pixel size
22 Conclusions Caveat for using stacking: single frame SNR must be good enough for aligning frames (>10?) Must consider other camera properties too: amp glow, resolution, sensor size C i i b d MCMi Cameras remaining to be tested: MC Micro, vintage video cams (Samsung, Stellarcam), Astro Video Systems
23 Questions?
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