Effectiveness of Beach Nourishment in Response to Sea Level Rise
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1 2014 FSBPA Annual Conference Effectiveness of Beach Nourishment in Response to Sea Level Rise Navarre Beach Santa Rosa County July 18, 2005 Lovers Key Lee County April 23, 2012 South County St. Lucie County November 30, 2012 Michael Walther, P. E., D. CE Andrew Condon, Ph. D. September 24, 2014
2 Presentation Outline Beach Management Objectives Sea Level Rise in Florida - historical & projected Effectiveness of Alternatives relative to Objectives Beach Fill Managed Retreat Coastal Armoring Seawalls Conclusions 2
3 Classic Beach Management Objectives Protection - of upland property & infrastructure (storm-damage reduction) Preserve Land Enhance Recreational Beach Habitat Restoration (via creation, restoration, &/or expansion) (turtle nesting, shorebirds, &/or beach mice) 3 Reference: USACE National Economic Development Manuals Chapter Florida Statutes
4 MSL Trend Location Period (mm/yr) (in/yr) Fernandina Beach Mayport Daytona Beach Shores Miami Beach Vaca Key Key West Naples Fort Meyers St. Petersburg Clearwater Beach Cedar Key Apalachicola Panama City Pensacola Average: Florida Historical Sea Level Rise Adapted From: "Sea Level Variations of the United States ", NOAA December
5 Florida Projected Sea Level Change State-wide Lowest to Highest Range per USACE Overall: 0.24 feet to 2.91 feet Adapted from: USACE Sea-Level Change Curve Calculator
6 Sea Level Rise (ft above 2014 MSL) 7 6 Florida Projected Sea Level Change Florida: All Gauges Average NOAA Low / USACE Low NOAA Int Low / USACE Int NOAA Int High USACE High NOAA High 6 Adapted from: USACE Sea-Level Change Curve Calculator
7 Alternatives Beach Fill Managed Retreat No Action to abate erosion Coastal Armoring Seawalls 7
8 Sea Level Rise Effect on Beach Fills future nourishment to offset longshore sediment transport gradient & sea level rise V t = h + B R 0 t + W S t S 0 t Where V t R 0 t S t S 0 t = Volumetric rate of nourishment addition per unit length of beach (cyds. / ft. / yr.) = Existing background erosion rate (ft. / yr.) = Rate of sea level rise (ft. / yr.) = Existing sea level rise rate (ft. / yr.) W = Width of the active beach profile (ft.) h = Depth of closure (ft.) B = Berm height (ft.) Volume required for present rate of SLR Amount due to the increased SLR rate 8 Adapted from: Dean, R.G and Dalrymple, R.A., Coastal Processes with Engineering Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 475 p.
9 Managed Retreat No Action Allows the shoreline to migrate landward unimpeded. Buildings & infrastructure either demolished or relocated. 9 From: Beaver, J.W., Climate Readiness Planning at the SWFRPC and CHNEP 2009 to October 17, 2013.
10 Sea Level Rise Shoreline Recession: Bruun Rule Assumes 1. Profile shape does not change with respect to the water line. 2. The sand volume in the profile must be conserved. y = R = S W h + B Where y = -R = Horizontal shoreline recession S = Sea level rise W = Width of the active beach profile h = Depth of closure B = Berm height 10 Adapted from: Dean, R.G and Dalrymple, R.A., Coastal Processes with Engineering Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 475 p.
11 Sea Level Rise Shoreline Recession: Dean Equilibrium Profile Assumes 1. Beach shaped to equilibrium by steady state sea conditions 2. Erosion 2-dimensional mass balance of accretion & erosion 3. Profile shape given by h = Ax m Where h = stillwater depth above the equilibrated profile x = the horizontal distance from the shoreline m = exponent to fit A = Dimensional scale parameter related to sediment 11 Adapted from: Dean, R.G and Dalrymple, R.A., Coastal Processes with Engineering Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 475 p.
12 Navarre Beach Santa Rosa County 12
13 Navarre Beach Santa Rosa County July 18,
14 Navarre Beach Santa Rosa County Initial Construction: 2.95 Mcy 4.1 miles 136 cyds/ft
15 Navarre Beach Santa Rosa County R Photo From: Google Earth
16 Navarre Beach - Santa Rosa County R
17 Santa Rosa County Navarre Beach 17
18 Renourishment Volume (cyds/ft) Effectiveness of Beach Nourishment in Response to Sea Level Rise Navarre Beach - Santa Rosa County Nourishment - future needs based on 8 year cycle to offset longshore sediment transport gradient & sea level rise 2006 Fill Density = 136 cyds/ft for 8-year cycle 2015 Fill Density = 73 cyds/ft for 8-year cycle USACE Int. USACE High 18
19 Height above MSL (ft) Effectiveness of Beach Nourishment in Response to Sea Level Rise Navarre Beach - Santa Rosa County No Action - Intermediate Sea Level Change Distance from MSL (ft) R Equilibrium Profile Zero Int Bruun Dean 19
20 Height above MSL (ft) Effectiveness of Beach Nourishment in Response to Sea Level Rise Navarre Beach - Santa Rosa County No Action - High Sea Level Change Distance from MSL (ft) R Equilibrium Profile Zero High Bruun Dean 20
21 Height above MSL (ft) Effectiveness of Beach Nourishment in Response to Sea Level Rise Navarre Beach - Santa Rosa County Seawall by 2065 Seawall at 30 ft. seaward of house Distance from MSL (ft) R-200 Zero Int High Equilibrium Profile USACE Int. USACE High 21
22 22 Effectiveness of Beach Nourishment in Response to Sea Level Rise
23 Lovers Key - Lee County We are here! Lovers Key R
24 April 23,
25 Lovers Key Lee County Initial Construction: 533,385 cy 1.1 miles 90cy/ft
26 Lovers Key - Lee County R
27 XLovers Key Lee County 27
28 Lovers Key Lee County R
29 Renourishment Volume (cyds/ft) Effectiveness of Beach Nourishment in Response to Sea Level Rise Lovers Key - Lee County Nourishment - future needs based on 8 year cycle to offset longshore sediment transport gradient & sea level rise 2004 Average Fill Density = 90.0 cyds/ft for 8 year cycle 2014 Average Fill Density = 58.1 cyds/ft for 8 year cycle USACE Int. USACE High 29
30 Height above MSL (ft) Effectiveness of Beach Nourishment in Response to Sea Level Rise Lovers Key - Lee County No Action - Intermediate Sea Level Change Distance from MSL (ft) R Equilibrium Profile Zero Int Bruun Dean 30
31 Height above MSL (ft) Effectiveness of Beach Nourishment in Response to Sea Level Rise Lovers Key - Lee County No Action High Sea Level Change R-219 Estero Bay Distance from MSL (ft) Equilibrium Profile Zero High Bruun Dean 31
32 Height above MSL (ft) Effectiveness of Beach Nourishment in Response to Sea Level Rise Lovers Key - Lee County Seawall by 2065 Seawall at 30 feet seaward of tram house Distance from MSL (ft) R-219 Zero Int High Equilibrium Profile USACE Int. USACE High 32
33 South County St. Lucie County 33
34 34 Effectiveness of Beach Nourishment in Response to Sea Level Rise
35 Ft. Pierce Inlet South County St. Lucie County Martin County Line Initial Construction: 682,500 cy 3.4 miles 38.5cy/ft
36 South County - St. Lucie County Normandy Beach Park R
37 South County - St. Lucie County R
38 South County - St. Lucie County 38
39 Renourishment Volume (cyds/ft) Effectiveness of Beach Nourishment in Response to Sea Level Rise South County - St. Lucie County Nourishment - future needs based on 10 year cycle to offset longshore sediment transport gradient & sea level rise 2013 Fill Density = 38.5 cyds/ft for 10-year cycle USACE Int. USACE High
40 Height above MSL (ft) Effectiveness of Beach Nourishment in Response to Sea Level Rise South County - St. Lucie County No Action - Intermediate Sea Level Change R Distance from MSL (ft) Equilibrium Profile Zero Int Bruun Dean 40
41 Height above MSL (ft) Effectiveness of Beach Nourishment in Response to Sea Level Rise South County - St. Lucie County No Action High Sea Level Change R Distance from MSL (ft) Equilibrium Profile Zero High Bruun Dean 41
42 Height above MSL (ft) Effectiveness of Beach Nourishment in Response to Sea Level Rise South County - St. Lucie County Seawall by 2065 Seawall at 30 feet seaward of house R Distance from MSL (ft) Zero Int High Equilibrium Profile USACE Int. USACE High
43 Summary Shoreline Recession (feet / year) Florida Shoreline Recession Navarre Beach SRC 1 Lovers Key Lee 2 South County SLC 3 Int. High Int. High Int. High Bruun Dean Historic : Historic based on surveys 2: Historic based on surveys 3: Historic based on surveys 43 Historic data from: Absalonsen, L. and Dean, R. G., Characteristics of the Shoreline Change Along the Sandy Beaches of the State of Florida: An Atlas.
44 Summary Alternative Protection Preserve Land Recreational Beach Habitat Beach Fill Classic Beach Management Objectives Yes Yes Yes Yes limited by Design MHWL fluctuates beach width fluctuates habitat fluctuates Retreat Seawall No No Yes Somewhat "demolished/ relocated" MHWL recedes width same & migrates loss of upland habitat Yes Somewhat No No limited by Design landward of seawall beach width diminishes loss of beach habitat 44
45 Conclusions Sea level change is estimated to rise 0.36 feet to 2.84 feet in Florida over the next 50 years. Over the next 50 years, fill quantities needed to offset sea level rise are within range of historical values. Beach nourishment is the only viable alternative to meet classic Beach Management Objectives. A better understanding of the effects of sea level rise upon beach nourishment is warranted. 45
46 Thank you Questions?
47
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