A Survey for Alkaloids in Hawaiian Plants. II

Transcription

1 A Survey fr Alkalids in Hawaiian Plants. II CARL E. SWANHOLM,l HAROLD ST. JOHN,2 and PAUL J. SCHEUER l WITH PART 1 3 f this series a systematic survey fr alkalids in Hawaiian plants was initiated. This paper reprts tests n 29 additinal species as well as tests n different plant parts frm 18 f the species cvered by Part 1. AIl f the specimens tested were cllected frm living plants n the island f Oahu except fr ne, Curcuma' xanthrrhiza. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Mr. Irwin Lane f the Btany Department, University f Hawaii, kindly prvided assistance in cllecting and identifying specimens in the field. 1 Department f Chemistry, University f Hawaii, Hnlulu. 2 Department f Btany, University f Hawaii, Hnlulu. Manuscript received July 30, s In Pacific Sci. 13(3): METHODS The testing methds devised fr this survey have already been described (Swanhlm et al., 1959). The nly mdificatin in the testing prcedure invlves the extractin technique. ExmACTION OF PLANT MATERIAL. Abut 2-5 grams f the plant material was pulped in a Waring blender with 1 ml. water fr 5-10 minutes. The plant slurry was transferred t an Erlenmeyer flask and 5 ml, f cncentrated hydrchlric acid were added. The slurry was digested n a ht plate at abut 80 C. fr 6-12 hurs. The cled slurry was filtered thrugh fine paper and 0.2 ml. f the filtrate was used in each test. The infrmatin btained by digesting with Prllius' fluid appeared insufficient t warrant its cntinued use. KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS IN TABLE 1 The results f the spt tests are given in the fllwing rder and abbreviated frm: BINOMIAL LOCAL NAME LOCALITY DATE COLLECTED DATE TESTED PLANT PART(S) ALKALOID REAGENTS PRECIPITATES The accepted btanical name. The authrity is mitted t cnserve space. An asterisk (*) indicates intrduced species. The Hawaiian r vernacular name, if knwn. The nearest twn r ther prminent map feature. Date f actual cllectin in the field. Date f actual applicatin f spt tests. B-bark, Br-branchlet, F-fruit, FI-f1wer, H-herb r whle plant, L-Ieaf, R-rt r undergrund part, RB-rt bark, S-seed, St-stem, W-wd, I-immature, M-mature. M-Mayer's, P-Picric Acid (H ager's), I-Idine (W agner's), D-Dragendrff's, S-Snnenschein's, T-Silictungstic Acid. The precipitates frm the hydrchlric acid extract are classified n a tr (trace), + (light), + + (heavy) basis. A - indicates n precipitatin and a? indicates that the test was meaningless. 68

2 TABLE 1 RESULTS OF SPOT T ESTS FOR ALKALOIDS ( Plants are listed alphabetically within each taxn. ) BINOMIAL LOCAL NAME LOCALITI COLLECfED TESTED PART ( S) PRECIPITATES COMMENTS APOCYNACEAE Pupukea-Kahuku 27 Jan Feb 58 B S+,D +,I+ Endemic genus f tw Pteralyxia macrcarpa Kaulu Rad, Oahu M-,T +,P? species RB Trunk H eartwd Rt H eart wd S+,D +,I+ Mtr,T +,P+ S+,D +,ltr M-, S-,D-,I- M-,T-,P- > 0" 5" ll' e Z:r: r- I::: L S++,D + +,I++ ARACEAE M+,T + +,P+ Clcasia esculenta" Tac, Kal W aiahle ditch 27 Jan Feb 58 H S+,Dcr,l- Abriginal int rductin, trail, Oahu M-,T + +,P- cultivated specimen BORAGINACEAE Crdia subcrdata* Ku UH campus, Oahu 23 Jan Jan 58 B,Fl, S+,D-,I- Abrigin al intrductin, CELASTRACEAE L,St M-, cultivated specimen Perrttetia sandwicens is Olmea Pupukea trail, Oahu 15 Jun Jun 58 Br,R S+,O-,I- Endemic species M-,T+,Ptr COMPOSITAE H espermannla Swezeyi - Pupukea trail, Oahu 18 Jun Ju n 58 L,R,St S++,D +,I- Endemic genus CYATHEAE Mtr,T + +,P- Cibtium Chamissi Hapu 'u-t'i Pupukea trail, Oahu 2 Mar 58 8 Mar 58 Frnds.St, S+,Dt r,ltr Endemic tree fern Tubercles M-,T+,P- C. splenden s H apu 'u Pupukea trail, Oahu 2 Mar 58 8 Mar 58 Frnd s.st, S++,Dt r,l- Endemic tree fern EUPHORBIACEAE Tu bercles M-,T + +,P- Euphrbia R ckii 'akk Pup ukea trail, Oahu 2 Mar 58 5 Mar 58 Fl,L,R,St S+,D-,I- Endemic species M-, 0\ \D

3 TABLE 1 Cntinued -..J BINOMIAL LOCAL NA ME LOCALIlY COLLECTED TESTED PART(S) PRECIPITATES COMMENTS GESNERIACEAE Cyrtandra brevicalyx Piha Pupukea trail, Oahu 15 Jun Jun 58 B,Br,R S+,D +,Itr A genus f 130 Hawai- Mtr, ian species C. leaccalyx Kanawake'ke' Pupuk ea trail, Oahu 15 Jun Jun 58 L,R,St S+,D+,I- Endemic species Mtr,T+,Ptr GOODENIACEAE Scaeula mllis Naupaka-kuahiwi Pupukea trail, Oahu 18 Jun Jun 58 B,Fl,L,R,St S++,D+,I+ Endemic species M+,T++,Ptr LEGUMINOSAE Caesalpinia Pride f Barbads, UH campus, Oahu 23 Jun Jun 58 B,F,Fl,L,St S++,Dtr,I- Cultivated specimen pulcherrima* 'hai-ali'i M-,T++,P- LILIACEAE Crdyline terminalis" Ti,Ki UH campus, Oahu 23 Jun Jun 58 B,L,R,St S-,Dtr,Itr Abriginal intrductin, M-, cultivated specimen LOBEL1ACEAE Clermntia persicaejlia 'ha-wai Pupuk ea trail, Oahu 15 Jun Jun 58 B,L,R Str,D-,I- Endemic genus M-,Ttr,Ptr 18 Jun Jnn 58 B,L,R S+ +,D+,I+ Different specimen frm Mtr,T ++,Ptr abve Cyene«sp. 'ha, 'ha-wai Pupukea trail, Oahu 2 Mar 58 8 Mar 58 L,R,St S+,D+,I+ Endemic genus M+,I+,P+ MALVACEAE H ibiscus tiliaceus" Hau UH campus, Oahu 23 Jun Jun 58 B,L,R,St S+,Dt r,i- Abriginal intrducti n M-, frm trpical Asia, cultivated specimen MORACEAE Artcarpus incisus" Breadfruit, 'ulu UH campus, Oahu 23 Jun Jun 58 B,F,L,R,St S++,D+,I+ Abriginal intrductin M-, frm Guam, cultivated specimen MYRSINACEAE Myrsine sandwicensis Klea-lau-li'i Pupukea trail, Oahu 15 Jun Jun 58 L,St Str,D-,1- Endemic species M-, c "T1n en c..< '-4 :J f... \0 0\

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5 72 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vl. XIV, January 1960 RESUL TS AND DISCUSSION... N... I I q"-+ I-<, l4 Table 1 lists the results f the alkalid tests which were carried ut n 29 plant species, representing 26 gen era and 23 famili es. The 5 species which gave psitive tests (+ r + + ) with all six reagents are listed in Table 2. Table 3, which supplements Part I f this series, lists the results f the alkalid tests which were carried ut n 18 plant species, representing 16 genera and 13 families. Results frm Part I are included with the pr esent results in the fllwing analysis. T date, 125 plant species, repr esent ing 94 gen era and 57 families, have been tested fr alkalids. This cnstitutes apprximately 10 per cent f the native Hawaiian flra. It is wrth nting that the endemic genus Straussia has given quite variable results even amng specimens f the same species. This variability wuld suggest that a btanical revisin f this genus is in rder. N ::l..c:: c:: ::l..., v-,....s N ::l..c::. <lj c:: BIN OMIAL Cyanea sp. Fagara semiarticulata Gardenia Ma nnii Platydesma campanulata T AB LE 2 SPECIES GIVING P OSITIVE (+ OR ++) TESTS FOR ALKALOIDS FAM ILY Lbe1iaceae Rutaceae Rubi aceae Rutaceae PLANT PART(S) TESTED Leaves, Rt, Stem Leaves, Flwers, Rt, Stem Branchlet, Leaves, Stem Leaves, Rt, Stem Pteralyxia macrcarpa Apcynaceae Leaves

6 TABLE 3 SPECIES RE-EXAMINED FOR ALKALOIDS 1 ( Plants are lisred alphabetically within each taxn.) (Fr KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS, see Table 1) BINOMIAL LOCALNAME LOCALI1Y COLLECTED TESTED PART (S) PRECIPITATES COMMENTS APOCYNACEAE Alyxia livaefrm is Maile Pupukea trail, Oahu 18 Jun Jun 58 IF Str,D-,I-,M-, Endemic species T-,P- ARALIACEAE T etraplasandra sp. Oh e Pupukea trail, Oahu 2 Mar 58 5 Mar 58 B Str,Dtr,ltr,Mtr, Endemic genus Ttr,P? COMPOSITAE Dubautia plantaginea N a'ena'e Pupukea trail, Oahu 18 Jun Jun 58 B,L,R S++,D++,I+, Endemic genus M-,T++,Ptr EUPHORBIACEAE Antidesma platyphyllum Ha'a, Harne Pupukea trail, Oahu 18 Jun Jun 58 B,L,R S+,D+,ltr,Mtr, Endemic species T+,P- LILIACEAE Smilax sandwicensis Hi-kuahiwi Pupukea trail, Oahu 2 Mar 58 8 Mar 58 R Str,Dtr,I-,M-, Endemic species LOBELIACEAE Cyanea angustif lia 'ha-wai, 'ha Pupukea trail, Oahu 18 Jun juri 58 B,L,R S++,D++,I++, Endemic genus M++,T++,P++ MYRSINACEAE Myrsine Lessertiana Klea-Iau-nui Pupukea trail, Oahu 2 Mar 58 5 Mar 58 B,FI,R S-,D-,I-,M-, Endemic species OLEACEAE Osmanthus sandwicensis Olpua Pupukea trail, Oahu 15 Jun Jun 58 B,RB,L S+,D+,Itr,M++, Endem ic species T+,Ptr PALMAE Pritchardia sp. Lulu Pupukea trail, Oahu 15 Jun Jun 58 L,St Str,D-,I-,M-, Endemic species RUBIACEAE Canthium dratum Walahe'e, alahe'e Kealia trail, Oahu 18 Mar Mar 58 R S+,D-,I-,M-, Indigenus, but wide- spread 1 This table lists the results f alkalid tests n ther plant parts th an thse which were presented in Part I f this series (Swanh lm el al., 1959 ). :> ;;;: l>' 0" s: ti> S' "'C p; O z:r: r- s:: --.J l,,),)

7 ... TABLE 3 Cntinued BINOMIAL LOCAL NAME LOCALITY COLLECTED TESTED PART(S) PRECIPITATES COMMENTS Guldia terminalis Mann Pupukea trail, Oahu 15 ]un ] un 58 B,L,FI,St S++,D+,Itr,M-, Endemic genus T+ +,P- Mrinda citri/lia Nni, Indi an W aiahle ditch 22 Feb Mar 57 MF S+,D+,I-,M-, Abriginal intrductin mulb erry trail, Oahu T +,P- Streassi«kaduana Kpik-kea Pupukea trail, Oahu 18 ] un ]un 58 B,L,R S+,Dtr,I-,M-, Endemic genus S. Marinia na Kp ik Pupukea trail, Oahu 15 ]un ] un 58 L,St S+,Dtr,Itr,M-, Tests within this genus T +,Ptr have been incnsistent RUTACEAE Pelea clusiae/lia Alani Pupu kea trail, Oahu 2 Mar 58 5 Mar 58 R Str,D-,I-,M-, Endemic species P. Wawraeana Alani Pupu kea trail, Oahu 18 ]un ]un 58 IF,MF Str,D-,I-,M-, Endemic species T-,P- B,R S+,D-,I-,M-, ML S++,Dtr,I-,M-, T+ +,Ptr TACCACEAE T acca Lentpetalides" Pia UH campus, Oahu 1 Dec Feb 58 Petile S-,D-,I-,M-, Abriginal intrductin, T-,P- cultivated specimen THYMELAEACEAE W ikstremia ahuensis 'akia Pupukea trail, ahul 2 Mar 58 8 Mar 58 L,St S+,D+,Itr,M-, Endemic species ;e ::l () C/l.Q.<... ll' ll' -<... \0 s