2015 NCAA Best Practices for Line Judges
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1 2015 NCAA Best Practices for Line Judges This document is a supplement to the line judge training video. It outlines several protocols and techniques that are advocated for use by top-tier line judges. Complete line judge training tools and certification opportunities are available from PAVO; details can be found on the PAVO website ( Pre-Match Uniform and Travel Attire. Check uniform prior to the season and prior to each match. If the approved outer garments are needed, due to the facility temperature, both line judges should wear them. Keep in mind, however that many line judges do not even own officiating outerwear. Outerwear should fit appropriately. The new outer garments (white jacket or ¼ zip fleece) can be worn over the uniform polo shirt if the hiring entity permits. Guidelines for the outer garments can be found on the PAVO website. Dress in a professional manner anytime you are at the playing facility and not in uniform to work, including arrival and departure from matches, as well as tournament matches where you are not assigned. Some conferences allow line judges to arrive in uniform. Pre-Match Briefing with First Referee. The line judges should arrive at the site at least 50 minutes before match time. Some conferences may have an expectation of 60 minutes. Ideally, the first referee should conduct the pre-match briefing with the line judges in the locker room prior to going to the court. If line judges arrival must be later, the first referee will conduct the pre-match briefing courtside, but not on the playing surface, at some point after the coin toss. During the pre-match briefing, the first referee assigns the line judges to their positions, unless they have previously been assigned. LJ1 is nearest the first referee and LJ2 is on the bench side of the court. (Since NCAA currently only uses two line judges, LJ2 is the appropriate title, not LJ3.) It is recommended that the line judges enter the court area together at the 30-minute mark. Take time to assess the surroundings, such as, court markings, amount of free space, obstructions, legal space for pursuit, TV cameras, lighting, etc. (In a tournament setting, it is not necessary to be courtside 30 minutes prior to match time, after your first match. The line judges take a position behind the score table until the time comes to warm-up their eyes.
2 Pre-Match Briefing with Fellow Line Judge. Decide on rolled-up flag location during timeouts (in front or behind). The flags should be parallel to the floor during timeouts. If the pursuit rule is in effect, identify a stationary point on both the first and second referee s side of the court in line with the imaginary center line extension. (For example, the TV monitor on the score table is completely on my half, the stairs behind the first referee are completely on the other half, the seated position of the libero tracker is on my half.) This helps to ensure that both line judges show the correct signal out, touch, pursuable or antenna fault. Warming up the Eyes. This exercise is an opportunity to observe the court surface and markings, types of arm swings and shot selections, speed of the ball and types of serves. It provides stimulus to mentally prepare for the match. It is appropriate to stand upright or in a low position during this pre-match exercise. The line judges do not signal or use flags. At the 11-minute mark, most teams engage in a 6-on-6 drill for their last 5-minute segment of warm-up; both line judges take their base positions during that time. Be aware that part of a team's warm-up may be to serve the last portion of their 5 minutes. If so, it would be best to take a position on the end line extension. There is no prescribed length of time to warm-up your eyes. Try to observe both teams for some part of their pre-match warm-up. Antenna Check. As the line judges and referees take their positions for introductions, each line judge checks the tautness and position of their antenna. This task should be completed prior to the national anthem. Position during Lineup Check. Each line judge takes a position approximately 10 feet straight back from their base positions on the imaginary extension of the sideline. After the second referee delivers the game ball to the first server, each line judge rolls or tosses their game ball to the appropriate ball retriever and then takes their base position near the intersection of their sideline and end line. If a four-ball rotation is used, LJ1 takes two game balls to their starting position and give one to the nearest ball retriever and one to the retriever in the middle behind the first referee. During the Match When a server takes a position keep your feet in base position and simply turn your head, focusing on the end line and watching for a foot fault. As soon as the ball is contacted for service, pivot to view the sideline for a possible in/out call.
3 When a server takes a position in preparation to serve that is within 4-5 feet of a line judge's base position, adjust to a position about 3-4 feet from the court, along the imaginary end line extension. For both base position and the end line extension position, after contact of the serve, refocus on the court quickly in case you are required to make an immediate in/out call, especially a sideline decision. At the moment of ball contact, the server cannot touch the court or the end line. The server must be within the serving area, and can be on the hash marks, but cannot contact the floor outside either sideline extension. Timeout Protocol When the second referee whistles to acknowledge a timeout request, LJ1 stays in base position while LJ2 walks outside the court along the end line. The line judges roll up their flags. When LJ2 reaches LJ1's sideline, both line judges walk toward the first referee's stand to their timeout positions. Each line judge straddles the attack line extension with their flags held in front or behind them with both hands. The line judges should decide the position of the flags prior to the match. The flags should be parallel to the floor. Converse with the first referee only if they engage you or you have something important to share about crowd or participant behavior. If cheerleaders entry your area during a timeout, both line judges move nearer to the first referee stand. Depending upon the location of the cheerleaders, it may be necessary to back up along the attack line extensions. If speed wipers are mopping the front zone, it is acceptable to back up along the attack line extensions while standing parallel with the first referee and the other line judge. If one line judge has to back up, both should back up. At the 15-second warning whistle or when both teams seem to be ready to resume play, both line judges glance toward each other to ensure that they leave their timeout positions at the same time and return to their base positions. End of Set Protocol Both line judges gather the game balls and take their timeout position at the attack lines on the first referee's side. After both team's participants have changed benches, both line judges walk across the court and place the game balls at the score table. The line judges sit behind the score table if chairs are provided. If no chairs are available, the line judges stand behind the score table if room is available. If there is no space behind the score table, the line judges gather the game balls, return them to the table, and get a drink of water, if needed. The line judges then pick up their game ball and flag, walk across the court along their attack line to their timeout position on the first referee's side of the court. If the teams are using the court, the line judges walk around their court. The line judges at the timeout position until the 45-second mark and return to the pre-match position - 10 feet back from their base position.
4 If line judges are sitting or standing behind the score table, by the 45-second mark, they should pick up their game ball and flag and resume the pre-match position (10 feet back from their base position). LJ1 and LJ2 walk outside the court markings to their pre-match position. LJ1 does not walk across the court with the first referee. Take advantage of the interval between sets to discuss with your partner servers which servers have a tendency to serve near the line judge s base position and those who are close to the line when they serve. End of Set 2 & Beginning of Set 3 The standard protocol is used between all sets, including between sets 2 and 3. The first referee does not join the line judges as they deliver the game balls to the score table. An intermission exit plan and a post-match exit plan should be discussed during the pre-match briefing prior to each match and shared with event management. After intermission and at the 45-second mark on the scoreboard, the line judges gather their game ball and flag and return to their pre-match positions 10 feet back from their base position. LJ1 and LJ2 walk outside the bench sideline to their prematch position. LJ1 does not walk across the court with the first referee. Position during the Deciding Set Coin Toss After gathering the game balls, the line judges take their timeout position at the attack lines on the first referee's side of the court and wait until the coin toss is complete. If the teams are switching courts, the line judges wait until all participants have changed benches and then take the game balls to the score table. If teams do not switch courts, wait until the area near the score table has cleared and then return the game balls to the table. The line judges then take their between-set position. Position during Injury Use common sense. Move away from the area and stay away until the injury is resolved. If it appears that the team cannot move the injured player quickly, both line judges should take their timeout position on the first referee's side of the court. If the injury is near the time out position and it appears that medical assistance has been called, the line judges go behind the score table. End of Match Protocol All officials leave the court together. The first referee and LJ1 leave their area together, and the second referee and the LJ2 leave together. All four officials meet at the designated point and leave the venue according to the pre-determined exit plan. The line judges do not gather the game balls at the end of the match. Flags may be returned to the score table if it is in the departure path, or carried to the locker room
5 and returned later to the event management. Line judges who use their own flags simply take them to the locker room. During the post-match debriefing, line judges need to engage in the discussion on those issues pertinent to the line judge duties or calls. Refrain from criticizing your fellow officials. Be a good team player. Some conferences do not require line judges to participate in a post-match debriefing. Be sensitive to the conference expectations and do not force anyone to debrief. Line Judge Reminders Maintain a professional demeanor before, during and after a match. Avoid overly familiar contact with spectators, players or coaches throughout the event. Get your eyes to the spot on the floor where you expect the ball to land before the ball gets there. Occasionally a back-row defender makes contact with the ball, but on hard-driven balls, the line judges eyes must beat the ball to the floor. Stay with the ball that is coming near your position. If time permits, take a step back maintaining a good sight line with the ball and line. If necessary, take the hit for the team and then recover and get ready for the next serve. Be alert to a player or players coming toward you to chase a ball. Avoid going in the direction of the ball. If you have an opinion about a touch, antenna fault or pancake, make a signal regardless of where the play occurred. If you do not have an opinion, do not mimic your partner's signal, but do make eye contact with the first referee. Check your touch signal in the mirror. The arm that is signaling the touch is held parallel to the floor, with the hand at chin level not necessarily directly under the chin. Present the touch to the first referee by holding the flag away from your chest and make eye contact with the first referee. In order to help sell a line call, hold the call momentarily and then look at the first referee while still holding the call. Avoid any dialogue with players, coaches or spectators. Make and maintain eye contact with the first referee. If the ball contacts an antenna, a vertical tape marker over the antenna, a portion of the net outside the antenna, or the straps/cables signal an antenna fault. Either line judge can call a fault on either antenna. The line judges are responsible for calling a fault if the ball, but not a player, touches the antenna. When it appears the first referee requires additional information about an antenna fault, indicate the team at fault. o To indicate a fault by the team on the near side of the net, give the antenna fault signal and then extend the right arm along the end line, with an open hand. If the team on the opposite side of the net committed the fault, extend the left arm straight out along the sideline, with an open hand. When moving to judge a wide ball being returned to the opponent, be cautious not to move too far from base position, especially if one of your lines of responsibility is still in play. Return to your line quickly in case you need to call a ball landing near a line.
6 It is important that line judges know the pursuit rule and are prepared to assist the referees in determining whether the ball was played over or outside the antenna both in pursuit of an errant ball and the path of the returned ball.. If the ball is pursuable, the line judges need to indicate so with an extended arm and fisted hand. Anticipate pancakes by reading the tip, off-speed shot, short serve or ball coming off a block. Move like a defender in order to get a good look at the pancake. Typically, you do not need to move more than two or three feet. Refrain from moving unnecessarily to avoid being a distraction. When a team is chasing an errant ball beyond the end line (not toward you), do not automatically move with the player(s) unless there is a reason to move to see the play. If the player's only chance to make a play is a pancake, you may follow the player to make sure that the ball does not hit the floor. Return to your corner as quickly as possible, if the ball remains in play. If the player has a legitimate opportunity to play the ball by staying on her feet and appears to be able to use a forearm skill and there are no obstructions, do not follow the player. If a player, other than a server, is habitually outside the court markings, it is appropriate to tell the first referee during a time out. Give the player's number and location. It is not one of the line judges' duties to call a non-serving player for being off the court. Occasionally, the first referee may overrule a call by a line judge. Remain poised drop the signal and prepare for the next play. When a ball lands close to a line, or a pancake is unsuccessful on the court, snapping the flag during the call gives the appearance of assuredness. Eliminate the flag snap after the call. Style is good, but show-boating is unacceptable! Refrain from engaging in social media regarding the match, including the officials, teams, coaches or any controversies. Line judges are an integral part of the officiating crew. Thank you for your dedication and cooperation in demonstrating the NCAA line judge prescribed protocol and techniques and for promoting consistency throughout the country Challenge Review System Experimental Rule For those line judges working a conference match in one of the experimenting conferences, or between two experimenting conference teams, after a challenge is accepted (whistled/signaled) by the second referee, both line judges move to the timeout position near the first referee. After the review and with the second referee s communication (whistle/signal) to the first referee, both line judges resume their base positions. Joan Powell NCAA National Coordinator
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