EARLY HUMANS COMPARE AND CONTRAST CHART

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1 Name: KEY Period: Date: World History Mrs. Schenck Early Human/ Nickname Ardipithecus ramidus Ardi Where they lived/ When Where: Eastern Africa (Ethiopia) When: 4.4 million years ago Very apelike, hairy What makes us human? EARLY HUMANS COMPARE AND CONTRAST CHART MULTIMEDIA One Species 4 mins Physical Appearance Habitat/Diet Significant Human Traits Height: Females: average 4 ft tall Weight: Females: average 110 lbs apelike face (a flat nose, a strongly projecting lower jaw) Wooded environment could cling to trees Omnivores: ate plants, meat, and fruit Big toe and hip bone show she moved in trees AND on two legs (bipedalism) Australopithecus afarensis Lucy s species Homo habilis handy man Where: Eastern Africa When: between about 3.85 and 2.95 million years ago Where: Eastern and Southern Africa When: 2.4 million to 1.4 million years ago small brain (about 1/3 the size of a modern human brain) long, strong arms with curved fingers for climbing trees Height: Males: average 4 ft 11 in; Females: average 3 ft 5 in Weight: Males: average 92 lbs; Females: average 64 lbs still ape-like features, including long arms Height: average 3 ft 4 in - 4 ft 5 in Weight: average 70 lbs woodlands, grasslands, and other diverse environments lived both in trees and on the ground mainly a plant-based diet of leaves, fruit, seeds, roots, nuts, and insects capable of eating a broad range of foods, including some tougher foods like leaves, woody plants, and some animal tissues small canine teeth like all other early humans body that stood on two legs and regularly walked upright slightly larger brain and smaller face and teeth than Australopithecus walked on two feet scientists thought they were first stone tool makers - however, may have been another species living in same place at same time that

2 Early Human/ Nickname Where they lived/ When Physical Appearance Habitat/Diet Significant Human Traits Tools Fire Homo erectus Upright Man Video Expanding world of Homo Erectus Homo neanderthalensis Neanderthal (do not pronounce the h ) Homo sapiens Modern Humans Where: Northern, Eastern, and Southern Africa; Western and East Asia When: between 1.89 million and 143,000 years ago Where: Europe and southwestern to central Asia When: 200,000-28,000 years ago Where: worldwide When: 200,000 years ago to present modern human-like body longer legs and shorter arms larger brain Height: ranges from 4 ft 9 in - 6 ft 1 in Weight: ranges from lbs large middle part of the face, angled cheek bones, and huge nose bodies were shorter and stockier adapted for colder climates modern human brain size Height: Males: average 5 5 ; Females: average 5 1 Weight: Males: average 143 lbs; Females: average 119 lbs very large brains flat and near vertical forehead smaller jaws and teeth lived completely on the ground now tall bodies and large brains required a lot of energy, so the need to eat meat and other types of protein honey and underground tubers lived in shelters specialized seasonal hunters, eating animals available at the time (i.e. reindeer in the winter and red deer in the summer) if lived near the ocean they ate sea creatures too (fish, clams, etc.) First hunted and gathered their food 12,000 years ago first farmers grew their own food and domesticated animals Farms led people to settle down in villages -> towns -> cities walk/run long distances cared for old and weak individuals our closest extinct human relative made and wore clothing made symbolic or ornamental objects (religion?) deliberately buried their dead and marked their graves with offerings, such as flowers (religion?) Population increase due to more food Social networks Trade Art, music, government, and religion earliest handaxes, first major innovation in stone tool technology sophisticated tools (for hunting, needles for sewing) Specialized and refined tools like fishhooks and harpoons, bows and arrows, spear throwers and sewing needles earliest evidence of hearths (campfires) used for cooking food, social interaction, warmth, and keep away large predators controlled fire Sophisticated control over fire

3 Vocab Terms (Education Tab Glossary) Define (in your own words), give an example, draw a picture. Primates ORDER mammals that include humans, monkeys, apes, chimpanzees, gorillas, etc. Bipedal the ability to walk upright on two feet bipedalism Hominid FAMILY (Hominidae) erect bipedal primate mammals includes recent and extinct humans Homo sapiens SPECIES all members of our current population only surviving human species Migration to move from one place to another to migrate Domestication to tame plants and animals for human use farm, livestock, etc. to domesticate

4 History Essential Question: How do we use inferences and connections from reliable sources to build understanding? Try to use wording that makes it clear what the EVIDENCE is and what the INFERENCE is. I don t want your inferences, but the AUTHORS inferences. For example: Based on the evidence., historians inferred.. They inferred this because... Website for Exit Slips: socrative.com Room = 205LIONS

5 Name: Period: Date: World History Mrs. Schenck #11 Enrichment: Our Latest Human Ancestor! Watch the video, examine the photos and captions, and read the article about Homo naledi. History EQ: How do we use inferences and connections from reliable sources to build understanding? What inferences are the archaeologists making about our human history, and what new evidence are they citing to support their inferences? EVIDENCE Bones had no damage from predators or signs of catastrophe INFERENCE They deliberately disposed of their dead Finger bones were locked into a curve Suggests climbing and tool using capabilities Feet bones almost identical to ours Suggesting it had the ability to walk long distances What important evidence still needs to be found? The date of the fossils how old they are! How does the Homo nedali findings help us understand what it means to be human? Many ideas!

6 Name: Date: Period: World History Mrs. Schenck Exit Slip: History EQ How have inferences and connections from reliable sources helped us/historians build understanding about human beginnings? Cite specific evidence and examples.

THE EARLIEST HUMANS. Student Handouts, Inc.

THE EARLIEST HUMANS. Student Handouts, Inc. THE EARLIEST HUMANS Student Handouts, Inc. HOMINID EVOLUTION Hominids = great apes Chimpanzees, gorillas, humans, and orangutans Numerous intermediary fossils have been found But scientists disagree on