UP GRADATION OF GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF SH-131(CH.

UP GRADATION OF GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF SH-131(CH. Up Gradation of Geometric Design of Sh-131(Ch. 9.35km-15.575km) Using Mxroad Software-A Case Anil, 9.35KM-15.575KM) Kadam Shubham, Journal USING Impact Factor MXROAD (2015): 9.1215 SOFTWARE-A (Calculated by GISI) CASE www.jifactor.com STUDY Ashok Kumar 1, Dhananjay A.S 2, Agarwal Alkesh 3, Badage Ganesh 3, Chavan Bhagatsinh 3, Devkar Anil 3, Kadam Shubham 3 Volume 6, Issue 6, June (2015), Pp. 67-78 Article ID: 20320150606007 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp ISSN 0976 6308 (Print) ISSN 0976 6316 (Online) IJCIET I A E M E 1 Asst. Prof., Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur, India 2 Asst. Prof., Sinhgad Academy of Engineering, Pune, India 3 Student, Sinhgad Academy of Engineering, Pune, India ABSTRACT The development of effective road transport system is primary need of any developing country. Also upgrading of existing road network is essential for developed countries to carry out its transportation functions smoothly as with increasing traffic volume urban and non-urban roads reach to their saturation level in passage of time. The design of route alignment and pavement structure decide cost of project which totally depend on time taken for same. So for this job the best available Highway Geometric Design Software must be deployed. Keeping this in view we have used MXROAD Software for the geometric design of the existing state highway (SH 131) in Maharashtra to improve its geometric features and upgrading it from two lanes to four lanes. The Software uses 3D string modeling technologyand gives the desired values of different components of geometric design such as Horizontal and Vertical Curves, Super elevation, Shoulder, etc. Keywords: Geometric Design, MXROAD Software. INTRODUCTION During last few years there has been huge development in Indian economy and transportation plays a vital role in it. For any developing country road network acts as a backbone for its steady growth. Due to rapid growth in road infrastructure and its need there is need of a model which guides the designer to create a most effective design with high precision standards, which in turn leads to saving time, money and material costs. With the use of latest software technology, road design software named MXROAD has been used to pace up with the fast growing road infrastructure field. By using this software highway design engineers quickly and easily create design alternatives to build an ideal road system. Designing of highway depends on the components like Alignment, Pavement, Cross Drainage Structures, Road Furniture, Environment and Safety. The change in nature of these components directly affects the Geometric Design of road and thus its cost. The use of computer in work station has become inevitable and has been used in various fields. For last few decades computer applications in highway design has changed drastically and by which highway designer can draft, design and estimate for any road section. There are number of software s which are used for highway designing purpose. The list includes Nova point, Civil 3D, www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 67 editor@iaeme.com

Auto Civil, MXROAD, Eagle Point, Earth. Out of these we have used MXROAD which is worldwide famous for its accuracy and rapid design. MXROAD SOFTWARE MXROAD has been created by Bentley Systems, a UK based company in the year of 1996 which is then upgraded in later years as per requirement to get desired accuracy with rapid designing of highways. This is an advanced string based modeling tool that enables the rapid and accurate design of all types of road. By using MXROAD, highway designer can finalize design alternatives and can automate much of the design detailing processes, saving time and money. At its core MXROAD uses 3D string modeling technology- a powerful yet simple method of creating 3D surfaces. The interoperable database allows engineers to create and annotate 3D project models in the most popular AEC platforms or in windows. In recent, highway projects in India are Public Private Partnership based where private investors are challenged to maintain high standards in design and construction. This scenario leads the design engineers to use specially designed software tools like MXROAD. MXROAD attains high precision in building the road with in the limited land width (RoW) so as to minimize the land acquisition cost which is vital parameter that affects the total project cost directly. It also helps in fixing the horizontal alignment for an up gradation project to match up with the existing align of the cross drainage structure and in fixing the vertical profile to match up with the existing levels of the cross drainage structures. Various geometric design elements such as carriageways, shoulder can be designed effectively by using MXROAD. Other design controlling parameters such as design speed, horizontal curvature, super elevation and vertical curvature can also be effectively designed and controlled by MXROAD software. The total earthwork quantity is also computed to high accuracy by using MXROAD. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY To upgrade the existing geometric design of the SH-131 in Maharashtra to improve its geometric features by using MXROAD software. PROJECT LOCATION The project road SH-131 starts at the chainage from 9.35 km to 15.5755 km ends at Bopgaon. The project road connects Pune, Saswad, Bhivari, Kapurhol and Hadapsar. www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 68 editor@iaeme.com

Up Gradation off Geometric Design of Sh-131(Ch. 9.35km-15.575km) 15.575km) Using Mxroad Software-A Software Case Study, Ashok Kumar, Dhananjay A.S, Agarwal Alkesh, Badage Badage Ganesh, Chavan Bhagatsinh, Devkar Anil, Kadam Shubham, Journal Impact Factor (2015): 9.1215 (Calculated byy GISI) www.jifactor.com The project road consists of following existing features Land width- The right of way varies from 9 m to 12 m throughout the length of project road. Alignment- There is many horizontal curves and few steep vertical curves in the project corridor. Many of the horizontal curves lack adequate adequate sufficient sight distance and transition lengths, resulting in unsafe driving. Pavement Condition- The overall condition of the pavement between Pune to Saswad is satisfactory. However depressions, edge failures and uneven profile are common. common Soil Characteristics- the CBR values obtain from the laboratory test for the collected soil sample ranges from 10% to 17%. Drainage Condition- Improper drainage for surface water along the project road was observed. The raised earthen shoulders and problem of drainage drainage is more in township/built-up township/built area as water gets stagnated on the road and shoulder due to lack of proper drainage. Cross Drainage Structure- There is a cross drainage structure along the project road. RCC slab Culvert is provided across drainage work. wor DESIGN METHODOLOGY Data Collected Profile Survey: We had done the profile survey for 6.225 km (from 9.35 km to 15.575 km) at an interval of 15m along the alignment (Longitudinally) and 5m interval up to 20 m across the road on either side (Transverse). Which consist of X Y Z co-ordinates ordinates (i.e. Easting, Northing and Reduced Level). Traffic Survey: The classified traffic volume count is carried out at location along the project corridor (at Bhivari junction). This traffic survey has has been carried out for 12 hrs. (8 am to 8 pm). www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 69 editor@iaeme.com

Table No.1 Average Daily traffic on Project Road Sr.No. Particulars Pune to Saswad Saswad to Pune 1. Two-Wheelers 1766 2086 2. Govt. Busses 15 11 3. Private Busses 9 15 4. Cars 766 750 5. Auto 56 44 6. LCV 226 240 7. Tractor 73 80 8. Cycle 38 35 9. Bullock Carts 17 22 10. Trucks 95 103 11. Multi-Axle Trucks 0 0 Total Vehicles 3026 3386 The traffic data has been forecasted to a period of 15 years (i.e.2014-2029) in passenger car unit (PCU) considering growth rate of 7.5%. Table No.2 Projected Traffic in PCU Year Pune to Saswad Saswad to Pune 2014 2872 3099 2029 5888 6353 Procedure of MXROAD The procedure of MXROAD for the design of highway geometry is given below: 1. Data receiving: The existing ground data is required for designing of highway geometry. This survey data includes X, Y, Z co-ordinates (i.e. Northing, Easting and Reduced Level). This data can be collected now days by using total station instrument. 2. Data Import: Existing ground data s are import on which the road design scheme is to be implemented. The data may be imported in one of several formats: AutoCAD DXF (*.dxf) National Transfer Format (*.ntf) MX GENIO (*.txt) MX Survey Data (*.inp) Eagle Point Triangulation www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 70 editor@iaeme.com

A new model created from the ground data can be assigned with default feature set and style set. 3. Standard String Naming: The MX standard string naming convention (SNC) has been formed to give automatic integration to any design produced from any of the MXROAD option. Strings created by the MXROAD option are assigned names which store the following information: String Type Associated master alignment which defines the string group Specific road features Side of master alignment on which the string was created 4. Surface Analysis: This option is used for analyzing the surface on which the design has to be built. This is essential to confirm that the imported data is correct and contains no errors. Typically the analysis will highlight errors in level and will also provide a graphical representation of the existing surface. www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 71 editor@iaeme.com

5. Alignment Design: The alignment design option are used to create the alignment for the road design by choosing Quick alignment option, Horizontal Design, Vertical profile can be done in limited time duration. The alignment is converted to a master string which is generally used as the Centre line along which a carriageway and other features can be designed. Alignments are created in two stages: 1. Horizontal Design 2. Vertical Design For Horizontal and Vertical Design, there are three design models Element method Intersection Point (IP) method Spline method 6. Road Design: Road design is a series of options which enables in designing a road from an existing master string. It consists of a number of stages which are: Carriageway Design Super Elevation Design Road Widening Shoulder Design Kerbs, Verges and footways Junction Design www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 72 editor@iaeme.com

DESIGN PROPOSALS By considering all the IRC specification and existing features of project corridor the following design values are taken for executing the design of the project work by using MXROAD software. 1) Design Speed - 80 kmph and 30 kmph 2) Cross Section Elements. a) Road Margins i) Right of Way (RoW) - 30 m ii) Width between control line 100 m iii) Width between building line 50 m iv) Setback distance between building line and road boundary 3m to 5m b) Roadway Width 12.0 m c) Roadway Cross Section Details i) Carriageway Width 7.0 m ii) Shoulder width 2.5 m d) Cross Slope or Camber i) Bituminous surface 2.5% ii) Earthen surface 3.5% iii) Embankment slope 1 V : 1.5 H 3) Sight Distance a) Stopping Sight Distance (SSD) 120 m b) Intermediate Sight Distance (ISD) 240 m c) Over Taking Sight Distance (OSD) 470 m 4) Horizontal Design a) Super Elevation maximum 7% b) Radius of Horizontal Curve Ruling Minimum 230 m c) Radius at which no super elevation is required - > 1200 m d) Radius at which 7% super elevation is achieved 230 m www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 73 editor@iaeme.com

e) Extra Widening of Carriageway at Curves 0.6 m 5) Vertical Design a) Gradient i) Ruling Gradient maximum 3.3 % ii) Limiting Gradient maximum 5% iii) Minimum Gradient 0.3% b) Minimum length of vertical curve 50 m c) Minimum K (Rate of change of vertical acceleration) of Summit Curve 40. d) Minimum K (Rate of change of vertical acceleration) of valley Curve 30. OUTPUT FROM SOFTWAR Horizontal Alignment ********Element A001 Straight******** Bearing 154 25 50.329 Length 47.193 Begin on Straight Chainage 0+000.000 Begin on Straight X 384499.489 Begin on Straight Y 2035758.498 Straight End Chainage 0+047.193 Straight End Y 2035715.927 Straight End X 384519.858 *******Element A009 Arc******** Intersection Point Chainage 0+070.204 Intersection Point X 384529.789 Intersection Point Y 2035695.170 Tangent 23.010 Arc Length 43.945 External 4.261 Middle Ordinate 3.979 Chord Bearing 133 26 54.343 Chord Length 42.969 Arc Start Chainage 0+047.193 Arc Start X 384519.858 Arc Start Y 2035715.927 Radius 60.000 Hand of Arc Left Arc End Chainage 0+091.138 Arc End X 384551.053 Arc End Y 2035686.377 Included Angle 41 57 51.972 Arc Centre X 384573.982 Arc Centre Y 2035741.823 www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 74 editor@iaeme.com

Vertical Alignment ********Element 1 Grade******** Gradient -1.371 Gradient Length 98.860 Begin on Gradient Chainage 0+00.00 Begin on Gradient Level 978.522 Gradient End Chainage 0+098.860 Gradient End Level 977.167 ******Element2VerticalCurve****** IP Chainage 0+320.875 IP Level 974.122 Middle Ordinate -3.347 Algebraic Difference -6.030 Curve Start Gradient -1.371 Curve End Gradient -7.401 Curve Length 444.031 Vertical Radius -7364.000 M Value -1.358 K Value 73.640 Curve Type Hog Sight Distance 179.944 Curve Start Chainage 0+098.860 Curve Start Level 977.167 Curve End Chainage 0+542.891 Curve End Level 957.690 Earth Work Quantity Points Chainage Volume Cut (m3) Volume Fill (m3) 1. 0 0 0 2. 50 6509.766 0 3. 100 6293.461 0 4. 150 4008.511 0.05 5. 200 997.778 780.948 Super Elevation Values: Reference String = MC00 Design Speed = 30 Slope/Gradient Units = Dec % www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 75 editor@iaeme.com

Curve Section Type Chainage Chainage Left Slope Left Slope Right Slope Right Slope Length Length Grade Grade Radius Defined Rules Defined Rules Defined Rules Defined Rules Defined Rules 1. Normal Crown Out: Outer Curve 127.138 127.138 48.000 48.000 0.0188 0.0188 1. Normal Crown Out: Inner Curve 103.138 103.138 0.0250 0.0250 1. Full Super Out 79.138 79.138-0.0750-0.0750 0.0750 0.0750-60 1. Full Super In 59.193 59.193-0.0750-0.0750 0.0750 0.0750 48.000 48.000 0.0188 0.0188-60 1. Normal Crown In: Inner Curve 35.193 35.193 0.0250 0.0250 1. Normal Crown In: Outer Curve 11.193 11.193 www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 76 editor@iaeme.com

Horizontal Alignment Viewer Vertical Alignment Viewer Alignment Showing Center Line String Details Cross Section PROJECT COST ESTIMATION A rough quantity and estimation has been prepared for the project considering all the major items belonging to road works. The quantification of major work item is done based on detailed plan and design using the current market rates as given below: www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 77 editor@iaeme.com

Table No.3 Unit Rates of Major Items Sr.no. Item Unit Rate Rs. 1. Scarification- Bituminous layer Sq.m. 300.00 2. Earthen Sub Grade Cu.m. 300.00 3. Granular sub Base (GSB) Cu.m. 1650.00 4. Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) Cu.m. 1935.00 5. Prime Coat Sq.m. 11.00 6. Tack Coat Sq.m. 12.40 7. Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) Sq.m. 450.00 8. Bituminous Concrete (BC) Cu.m. 11500.00 The total cost of 6.225 km four lane divided carriageway is 23.22 cores. CONCLUSION All the improvements are planned within the proposed right of way. The proposed alignment is designed to match with the existing alignment at major cross drainage sections. Design speeds are formulated for ruling Design Speed of 80 kmph and minimum design speed of 30 kmph. The proposed alignment encounters minimum horizontal curve radius at two minor junctions, where the speeds are restricted to minimum. Limiting gradient values are adopted for few sections where site restriction prevails. The obtained base traffic volume data has been projected to a period of 15 years (2014-2029). High design precision and saving in time were achieved by using MXROAD. REFERENCES 1. Highway material and Pavement Design by S.K.Khanna, C.E.G.Justo, Nem Chand &Bros. publication. 2. Indian Road Congress:-3-1983. 3. AASHTO, A policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, American Association of State Highway and Transportation officials: Washington, D.C. 4. IRC: 73-1980 Geometric design of standards for rural (Non-Urban) Highways. The Indian Road Congress, New Delhi, 1980. 5. IRC: 38-1988 Design of Horizontal Curves for Highway and Design Tables. Indian Road Congress, New Delhi, 1988. 6. IRC: SP 23-1983 Design of Vertical Curves for Highway. Indian road Congress, New Delhi, 1983. 7. IRC: 64-1990 Capacity of Roads in Rural Areas. Indian Road Congress, New Delhi, 1990. 8. IRC: 37-2001 Design of Flexible Pavements. Indian Road Congress, New Delhi, 2001. 9. Bentley, MXROAD Introduction Manual, Bentley System, Inc. 10. Hameedaswad Mohammed, The Influence of Road Geometric Design Elements on Highway Safety International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET), Volume 4, Issue 4, 2013, pp. 146-162, ISSN Print: 0976 6308, ISSN Online: 0976 6316. www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp 78 editor@iaeme.com