PD vaccination for Rainbow Trout: safe and efficacious

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PD vaccination for Rainbow Trout: safe and efficacious PD TriNation 13th to 15th March, 2018 Rodrigo Belmonte, PhD MSD Animal Health Innovation

Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout farming in Norway

Pancreas disease (PD) SAV infects both rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon in the sea. Rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon can develop PD but in trout it is less severe. The majority of outbreaks occurs during summer and autumn. Water contact to infected sites is the major factor for transmission. 3

Pancreas disease (PD) Challenge pressure affects severity of disease. Almost all Atlantic salmon in the endemic zone are vaccinated but rainbow trout are not. Infected rainbow trout can shed SAV and infect salmon present in the vicinity. 4

Why vaccinate rainbow trout? Shedding! (from TriNation 2016) Effect of monovalent PD vaccine in rainbow trout shedding: 6 weeks at 12 C, SAV3 challenge, water sampled and tested 4 to 24 days post-challenge. M N E fo ld s 65X less SAV in vaccinated tanks 12X less SAV in vaccinated tanks 4 10 14 18 24

Pancreas disease (PD) Challenge pressure affects severity of disease. Almost all Atlantic salmon in the endemic zone are vaccinated but rainbow trout are not. Infected rainbow trout can shed SAV and infect salmon present in the vicinity. New regulation! 6

PD vaccination 7. Vaccination against PD Salmon and rainbow trout farmed (production and broodstock) in the area extending from Taskneset (Fræna) to the south, to Langøya at Kvaløya (Sømna) in the north, must be vaccinated against PD. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority may impose a vaccination against PD in other areas if this becomes necessary. Section 7 comes into force from the time the ministry decides.

Efficacy of PD vaccination in rainbow trout: Prevalence Shedding PD pathology Safety of PD vaccination in rainbow trout: Field study Production cycle (ongoing)

- Lab efficacy (prevalence and shedding through faeces) Efficacy trial of monovalent PD vaccine in rainbow trout: 6 weeks at 12 C, SAV3 challenge, viraemia and shedding tested 10 days post challenge: Treatment Prevalence (pos./total) Shedding (faeces, pos./total) Mono- PD 0/35 0/33 Saline 20/35 17/34

- Lab efficacy (heart and pancreas pathology) Efficacy trial of monovalent PD vaccine in rainbow trout: 6 weeks at 12 C, SAV3 challenge, heart and pancreas histology 4 weeks post-challenge: Treatment Heart scores (0-4) Pancreas scores (0-3) 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 Mono- PD 3% 97% - - - 94% 3% 3% 6% - Saline 14% 66% 20% - - 50% 6% 27% 17% 50%

- Field study Field safety trial monovalent PD vaccine in combination with multivalent vaccine (simultaneous + and concurrent ) in rainbow trout together with Blom Fiskeoppdrett: Site Treatment Number of fish Tanks A Mono-PD + Hexavalent 90 000 1 and 2 A Mono-PD Hexavalent 120 000 3 and 4 B Mono-PD + Hexavalent 130 000 3 and 4 B Mono-PD Hexavalent 120 000 5 and 6 * 240 dd between concurrent regime

- Field study: safety (local reactions at harvest) Field safety trial monovalent PD vaccine in combination with multivalent vaccine (simultaneous + and concurrent ) in rainbow trout together with Blom Fiskeoppdrett: Site Treatment Nº of fish Mean adhesion Adhesion scores (0-6) 0 1 2 3 A Mono-PD + Hexavalent 30 0.9 17% 73% 10% - A Mono-PD Hexavalent 30 1.0 10% 83% 7% - B Mono-PD + Hexavalent 30 1.1 7% 73% 20% - B Mono-PD Hexavalent 31 1.2 9% 68% 23% 3%

- Field study: safety (melanin on abdominal wall at harvest) Field safety trial monovalent PD vaccine in combination with multivalent vaccine (simultaneous + and concurrent ) in rainbow trout together with Blom Fiskeoppdrett: Site Treatment Nº of fish Mean melanin Melanin scores (0-3) 0 1 2 3 A Mono-PD + Hexavalent 30 0.5 53% 47% - - A Mono-PD Hexavalent 30 0.6 40% 57% 3% - B Mono-PD + Hexavalent 30 0.0 100% - - - B Mono-PD Hexavalent 31 0.7 32% 68% - -

- Field study: performance (Specific Growth Rate) Field safety trial monovalente PD vaccine in combination with multivalent vaccine (simultaneous + and concurrent ) in rainbow trout together with Blom Fiskeoppdrett: Period Mono-PD + Hexavalent site A Mono-PD + Hexavalent site B Mono-PD Hexavalent site A Mono-PD Hexavalent site B Vaccination to sea transfer Sea transfer to harvest 0.92 % 0.94 % 0.86 % 0.82 % 0.80 % 0.78 %

- Field study: performance (fillet quality) Field safety trial monovalent PD vaccine in combination (simultaneous) with multivalent vaccine in rainbow trout together with Blom Fiskeoppdrett (Site A; cage 1): Quality Number of fish Percentage Superior 19 768 86% Ord 1 023 4% Ord 1 1 764 8% Ord 2 93 0% Discarded 397 2% Total 23 045 100% Mono-PD + Hexavalent simultaneous

- Production cycle (2017-2018) An heptavalent current generation PD vaccine is being used in a production cycle at a commercial farm from Blom Fiskeoppdrett. Cage Treatment Number of fish 3 Heptavalent PD 86 233 4 Heptavalent PD 61 762 5 Heptavalent PD 93 858 6 Heptavalent PD 98 803

- Production cycle (local reactions at sea transfer) Safety of heptavalent PD vaccine in rainbow trout in Blom Fiskeoppdrett production cycle: Cage Treatment Nº of fish Mean adhesion Adhesion scores (0-6) 0 1 2 3 4 PD Heptavalent 15 1.1 0% 87% 13% - 6 PD Heptavalent 15 1.1 0% 87% 13% -

- Production cycle (melanin on abdominal wall at sea transfer) Safety of heptavalent PD vaccine in rainbow trout in Blom Fiskeoppdrett production cycle: Cage Treatment Nº of fish Mean melanin Melanin scores (0-3) 0 1 2 3 A PD Heptavalent 15 0 100% - - - B PD Heptavalent 15 0 100% - - -

- Production cycle (local reactions at mid production) Safety of heptavalent PD vaccine in rainbow trout in Blom Fiskeoppdrett production cycle: Cage Treatment Nº of fish Mean adhesion Adhesion scores (0-6) 0 1 2 3 3 PD Heptavalent 15 0.9 20% 73% 7% - 4 PD Heptavalent 15 0.8 47% 27% 27% - 5 PD Heptavalent 15 0.9 13% 87% - - 6 PD Heptavalent 15 0.8 13% 80% 7% -

- Production cycle (melanin on abdominal wall at mid production) Safety of heptavalent PD vaccine in rainbow trout in Blom Fiskeoppdrett production cycle: Cage Treatment Nº of fish Mean melanin Melanin scores (0-3) 0 1 2 3 3 PD Heptavalent 15 0 100% - - - 4 PD Heptavalent 15 0.07 93% 7% - - 5 PD Heptavalent 15 0 100% - - - 6 PD Heptavalent 15 0 100% - - -

- Production cycle: performance (Specific Growth Rate) Performance of heptavalent PD vaccine in rainbow trout in Blom Fiskeoppdrett production cycle: Period Cage 3 Cage 4 Cage 5 Cage 6 Sea transfer to mid production (Aug 2017- Feb 2018) 1.13% 1.24% 1.16% 1.16%

- Production cycle: mortality after sea transfer Cumulative mortality of heptavalent PD vaccinated rainbow trout in Blom Fiskeoppdrett production cycle: % c u m u la tiv e m o rta lity

PD vaccination for rainbow trout: Efficacy: Reduces the number of infected fish Reduces pancreas lesions Reduces the amount of viral particles shed into water Safety: Low adhesions and melanin scores No impact on growth No impact on fillet quality PD vaccination of rainbow trout is safe and reduces the risk of transmission to Atlantic salmon. 23

Questions? 24

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