Exploratory Workshop The Future of Research in Sport Participation in the Lifespan (EW10 Rome, Italy - September 14-17, 17, 2011 Convened by: : Laura Capranica, Jan Cabri and Romain Meeusen The Master athlete: A benchmark for Succesful ageing? Sport Science Prof. Maria Francesca Piacentini Dep Human Movement and Sports Science University of Rome Foro Italico European Science Foundation 1 quai Lezay Marnésia BP90015 FR-67080 Strasbourg Cedex Tel: +33 (0)3 88 76 71 36 or 46 Fax: +33 (0)3 88 37 05 32 Email: ew-office@esf.org http://www.esf.org/workshops
Research Area Psychophysiological aspects of endurance and ultraendurance events: from children to the Master athlete Training monitoring Overtraining Exploratory Workshop
Why don t people exercise? salute 75+ 65-74 60-64 55-59 pigrizia età mancanza interesse % 0 mancanza tempo 10 20 30 40 Exploratory Workshop 50 60 70 80 90
Master 2007 Track and Field World Championships % partecipanti 25 20 15 10 100m-400m 800-1500m 5-10km cross marathon 5 0 M35 M40 M45 M50 M55 M60 M65 M70 M75 M80 M85 M90 M95 Exploratory Workshop
GENT 2011 European Master Track and Field Championships Exploratory Workshop
GENT 2011 European Master Track and Field Championships Exploratory Workshop
GENT 2011 European Master Track and Field Championships Exploratory Workshop
GENT 2011 European Master Track and Field Championships Exploratory Workshop
Master 2010 swimming world championships 100 m 55-59 50-54 60-64 65-69 45-49 70-74 85-89 90-94 95+ 80-84 75-79 25-29 40-44 30-34 35-39 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 95+ Exploratory Workshop
DIVING WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS 2010 master tuffi 65-69 70-7475-79 80-8485-89 60-64 50-54 45-49 25-29 40-44 30-34 35-39 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 Exploratory Workshop
Weight Lifting 2010 World Championships M40 M45 M50 M35 M80 M55 M75 M60 M70 M65 M80 M75 M70 M65 M60 M55 M50 M45 M40 M35 W35 W65 W60 W40 W55 W45 W50 Exploratory Workshop
Master Athletes: What has been studied Performance decrements Physiological decline Psychological decline Training habits/interventions Nutritional habits/interventions Health benefits of regular exercise and competition Exploratory Workshop
Exploratory Workshop
Exploratory Workshop
AGE CATEGORY WR MARATHON 6:00:00 4:48:00 3:36:00 2:24:00 1:12:00 0:00:00 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-90 age category Exploratory Workshop
AGE CATEGORY WR 100m 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90+ age category Exploratory Workshop
AGE CATEGORIES Medic et al. 2007 Exploratory Workshop
CASE STUDY This athlete obtained his PB after 50 years of age He interrupted training for 30 years and when he started again swam as fast as he had been doing before Importance of technical training Wilmore e Costill SdS 2004
Master Athletes: They are not all the same Elite Sport: finishing a marathon in 2h10-2h15 Master athletes go from 2h30 to 8+ hrs? Exploratory Workshop
The decline in VO 2max is lower in trained individuals, especially for those trained at high intensity Wilmore e Costill SdS 2004 Exploratory Workshop
Arampatzis 2011 Exploratory Workshop
This decline really depends on what these athletes are doing Exploratory Workshop
MARATHON RUNNING Many of middle aged and elderly marathon runners Started their training only some years prior (despite Similar perfomances than the younger athletes Exploratory Workshop
Marathon Runners Leyk 2009 Exploratory Workshop
Fell 2008 Exploratory Workshop
Results (3) 1RM (kg) 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 * MST CWT CG PRE POST 1 repetition maximum Piacentini et al. 2010
Results (5) 50 45 * ml/kg/min 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 PRE POST 0 MST CWT CG Running economy Piacentini et al. 2010
SESSION RPE 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 MORN AFTER EVEN Piacentini et al. 2011 Exploratory Workshop
PRE TRAINING POMS 25 20 * score 15 10 Morning PRE Afternoon PRE Evening PRE 5 0 D T V F A Piacentini et al. 2011 Exploratory Workshop
Exploratory Workshop
Cognitive processes identified by: Speed Visuospatial Controlled processing Executive control Colcombe 2003
Open Questions 1. Training parameters: Quantify training and relate to health status, performance, cognitive and physiological decline 2. Recovery capacities 3. Stop training and restart 4. Stop training and do not start again 5. Start training at an advanced age 6. Are Master athletes all former athletes? 7. Detraining? Exploratory Workshop
Actual Forms of Interplay Multidisciplinary aspects: Sport scientist Physiologist Psychologist Sociologist Exploratory Workshop
Exploratory Workshop
BLITS Exploratory Workshop
Exploratory Workshop
Exploratory Workshop
Enhancing Synergies FP7 research project: psychological (cognitive) aspects psychological aspects, biophysiological interactions, training aspects (sports science specialist) Health related aspects (public health and medical cost data) Studying different EU countries: policies, habits and monitor true sport practice Exploratory Workshop
Kettunen 2006
Faulkner et al. 2008
Faulkner et al. 2008
Faulkner et al. 2008
Hawkins 2001
NUOTO On the 1500m performance declines starting already at the age of 35. Decline rate faster in F than M In the 100m decrease by 1% each year both for F and for M In swimming success depends also by technical abilities therefore you can increase performance with age Wilmore e Costill SdS 2004
WEIGHT LIFTING Consistent decline with age about 1.8% per year Wilmore e Costill SdS 2004
Results (1) 16 14 12 10 % change 8 6 4 MST CWT CG 2 0-2 -4 FM FFM FM and FFM Piacentini et al. 2010
Piacentini et al. 2004
PERFORMANCE: BEST ITALIAN MARATHON TIMES 6:00:00 4:48:00 3:36:00 2:24:00 1:12:00 0:00:00 ASS 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-80 80+ age category Exploratory Workshop
Exploratory Workshop
Psycho-physiological responses to training in three different times of the day in Master endurance runners km/h 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Morning Afternoon Evening Piacentini et al. 2011 Exploratory Workshop
Piacentini et al. 2009 Exploratory Workshop
Results (1) 30 MST 25 CWT 25 20 % body fat 20 15 10 mean subj 1 subj 2 subj 3 subj 4 subj 5 subj 6 % body fat 15 10 mean subj 1 subj 2 subj 3 subj 4 subj 5 5 5 0 PRE POST 0 PRE POST 25 CG 20 % body fat 15 10 mean subj 1 subj 2 subj 3 subj 4 subj 5 5 FM and FFM 0 Piacentini et al. 2010 PRE POST
Results (4) 35 30 Squat Jump * 35 30 Counter Momviment Jump * 25 25 cm 20 15 cm 20 15 10 10 5 5 0 MST CWT CG PRE POST 0 MST CWT CG PRE POST Vertical jump tests Piacentini et al. 2010