COMPARISONS OF TRIMMING PARADIGMS

COMPARISONS OF TRIMMING PARADIGMS

WE SHOULD NOT EXPECT ANYTHING SO WONDERFULLY COMPLEX AS THE MOVING BODY TO LEND ITSELF TO SIMPLE ANALYSIS. DR. MILTON HILDEBRAND ANALYSIS OF VERTEBRATE STRUCTURE, 2ND ED.

PARADIGMS FOR TRIMMING Traditional Natural models Static Biomechanical / Dynamic Anatomical / Biometric

TRIMMING PARADIGMS USE MANY DIFFERENT TOOLS AND CRITERIA FOR ACHIEVING BALANCE

DIFFERENT TRIMMING METHODS MAY HAVE DIFFERENT CRITERIA FOR HOOF STRUCTURES Wall length Sole Frog Heels Anterior/posterior relationship of the heels and toe Mediolateral relationship of the hoof capsule

TOOLS AND/OR CRITERIA USED TO ACHIEVE BALANCE Planes of the limb Physical features A/P axis, M/L axis Flares & dishes in the wall Hoof pastern axis Wear patterns of the hoof Anatomical references Wall Tissues of the hoof capsule Sole Exfoliation layers Frog Matching tissues Coronary band/hairline Necrotic areas Devices Gauges Squares Dividers

TRADITIONAL Planes of the Limb Hoof Capsule is trimmed so the heels are perpendicular to canon bone for mediolateral balance Anterior - Posterior alignment is determined by the alignment of the dorsum of the hoof wall with a midline through the pastern Gauges are sometimes used to verify angles and alignment

NATURAL MODEL Correct form of the hoof is derived from studies of feral horses hooves Jaime Jackson et al Natural Balance Strasser

STATIC TECHNIQUES Planes of the leg or the hoof capsule are the reference for trimming Hoof is trimmed perpendicular to A/P axis of the limb Dorsum of the hoof wall is trimmed to an angle to correspond to the angle of the pastern

DUCKETT S DOT Trimming is referenced about a distance from a point in the frog to the heel, transferring that distance to the anterior portion of the sole of the hoof

DYNAMIC Hoof trimmed to contact the ground flat or slightly heel first Conformation asymmetries are accommodated by the trim techniques Allows for the incorporation of other trim techniques

BIOMETRIC / ANATOMICAL The basic paradigms place emphasis on the interrelationships of hoof structures (the sole, coronary band or frog) to obtain optimal trimming Uniform Sole Thickness Hairline Symmetry

CORONARY BAND/HAIRLINE SYMMETRY Dissections show the coronary band is not an accurate indicator of Plll alignment Plll may be in balance without the hairline being parallel to the horizon

Paradigms of UST The optimum position for Plll is to have the solar border in the same plane as the horizon The wall, sole and frog share in the support of the load Hoof capsule shape is influenced by the body weight of the horse above and the resistance of the ground A capsule without distortion is the optimal condition for the health of the hoof All tissues of the hoof are connected, therefore distortion adversely affects the cornified tissues, soft tissues and bone

THE PLANE OF PIII IS THE COMMON DENOMINATOR FOR SUCCESSFUL TRIMMING THEORIES THE SOLE IS THE PRIMARY REFERENCE STRUCTURE FOR DETERMINING THE POSITION FOR PIII AND HOW THE FOOT SHOULD BE TRIMMED

BENEFICIAL EFFECTS FROM THE APPLICATION OF UST The frog, sole and wall share load The flexor tendons, extensor tendons and suspensory apparatus tensions are balanced and loads are normalized Capsule distortions are minimized or eliminated since P3 is sitting level on the ground with no room for movement Blood circulation to all parts of the hoof are normalized preserving corial tissues and bone

DEFINING THE PLANE OF PIII VIA THE SOLE The cornified sole is separated into 2 layers: Exfoliating sole & non exfoliating sole The boundary between the 2 layers is called the moisture line Research has shown that in a average sized healthy saddle horse the distance from Plll to the moisture line is.4 inches around the perimeter of Plll (This includes the sole corium) The moisture line faithfully follows the contours of Plll even if it is remodeled by pathological conditions Hooves that have pathological conditions can have thinner soles but the relationship of the uniform thickness of the sole s moisture line to the bone remains constant

DEFINING THE WALL The hoof capsule proper will be from the hairline at the coronary band to the wall ending at the moisture line of the sole The wall doesn t have an exfoliation line therefore wall distal to the moisture line in the sole will be called excess length of wall Excess wall will be described in relation to the location on the hoof i.e. toe, quarters, bars, heels Distortions will be called: Dished at the toe Flared at the quarters Rolled under at the heels and quarters

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE HOOF S SHAPE AND IT S RESPONSE TO LOAD The coffin bone gives the hoof capsule it s shape controlling the influence of the body wt. and ground force on the capsule The lamina hold the capsule to the bone Unhealthy lamina allow distortions of the capsule Excess length of wall and exfoliating capsule are shaped/distorted by body wt /ground resistance The type and location of the distortions are influenced by conformation and health of the hoof

HOOF CAPSULE RESPONSE TO LOAD Conformation is the single biggest factor in the response of the capsule to load Anterior/posterior responses to Medial/lateral Hoof asymmetry Management, environment, nutrition, exercise and pathology are among the factors shaping the capsule

NORMAL HOOF TRIMMED USING UST

NORMAL HOOF MAINTAINED AT A HIGH TOE ANGLE BY AN EXCESS LENGTH OF HEEL

PATHOLOGY AND CAPSULE DISTORTION IN THE TOE AREA DUE TO AN EXCESSIVE LENGTH OF HEEL (SLIDE 1)

PATHOLOGY AND CAPSULE DISTORTION IN THE TOE AREA DUE TO AN EXCESSIVE LENGTH OF HEEL (SLIDE 2)

PATHOLOGY AND DISTORTION OF THE SOLE FROM A WEAK HEEL FAILING AND BUCKLING INWARD AND THE TOE BEING COMPRESSED BACK

UST FOR TRIMMING OF A CHRONIC LAMINITIC FOOT