PACIFIC REGION INTEGRATED FISHERIES MANAGEMENT PLAN EULACHON APRIL 1, 2005 TO MARCH 31, 2006 Thaleichthys pacificus This Integrated Fisheries Management Plan is intended for general purposes only. Where there is a discrepancy between the Plan and the regulations, the regulations are the final authority. A description of Areas and Subareas referenced in this Plan can be found in the Pacific Fishery Management Area Regulations.
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA contacts...3 2. GLOSSARY...6 3. INTRODUCTION...7 3.1. Guiding principles...7 3.2. Prospects for the Season...8 3.3. Research...10 3.3.1. Fraser River Eulachon Biomass Assessments and Spawning Distribution.10 4. SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES...11 4.1. Conservation/Sustainability...11 4.1.1. Biological Indicators...11 4.1.2. In-season Stock Assessment...11 4.1.3. Catch Reporting...11 4.1.4. Dredging...11 5. PERFORMANCE REVIEW...11 5.1. Management Plan Evaluation Criteria...11 5.1.1. Fishery Management...11 5.1.2. Stock Assessment...12 5.2. Annual (Post-season) Review Results...12 6. HARVEST PLAN...12 6.1. Indicators and Decision Guidelines...12 6.2. Pre-season Indicators...13 6.3. In season Indicators...14 6.4. First Nations...15 6.5. Recreational...15 6.6. Commercial...16 6.7. Control and Monitoring of Fishing Activities...16 6.8. Quota Allocations...17 7. ANNUAL COMMERCIAL HARVEST PLAN: CURRENT MANAGEMENT ISSUES...17 7.1. Lack of Stock Status Information...17 7.2. By-catch of Eulachon...17 7.3. Habitat...17 7.4. Catch Reporting...17 7.5. Illegal Sale...18 7.6. Area Openings and Closures...18 7.6.1. Areas 28 and 29...18 7.6.2. Areas 1 to 6...18 7.6.3. Areas 7 to 13...18 7.6.4. Areas 14 to 27...18 7.7. Species...18 7.8. Gear...18 7.9. Licensing...18 7.9.1. Licence Category...18 7.9.2. Licence Fees...18 7.9.3. Licence Application...18 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan Page 1 of 24
7.9.4. Licence Documents...19 7.10. Administration of the 2005 Eulachon Fishery...19 7.11. Available Harvest...20 7.12. Conservation Harvesting Techniques and Selective Fishing Requirements...20 8. ENFORCEMENT MEASURES...20 8.1. Overview...20 8.2. Main Program Activities...21 8.2.1. Priorities for 2005...21 8.2.2. In-season...21 8.3. Enforcement Issues and Strategies...21 9. FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES...22 10. REFERENCES...22 11. ATTACHMENTS...24 Page 2 of 24 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan
1. FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA CONTACTS Commercial Information (604) 666-2828 Observe, Record and Report (800) 465-4336 Lower Fraser Test Fishing Information (604) 666-6182 Commercial In-Season Hail Reporting Line (604) 666-8708 Fisheries Management Branch www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ops/fm/fishmgmt_e.htm A/Regional Pelagics Co-ordinator Harpreet Gill (604) 666-3637 Harvest Management Unit, Areas 28 and 29 Barbara Mueller (604) 666-2370 Fraser River Division 100 Annacis Parkway, Unit 3, Annacis Island Delta, B.C. V3M 6A2 Science Branch www-sci.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/sci/default_e.htm Pacific Biological Station Bruce McCarter (250) 756-7198 Hammond Bay Road Nanaimo, B.C. V9R 5K6 Licensing www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ops/fm/licensing/default_e.htm Pacific Fishery Licence Unit (604) 666-0566 200-401 Burrard Street Vancouver, B.C. V6C 3S4 Pacific Fishery Licence Unit (250) 627-3413 417 2nd Avenue West Prince Rupert, B.C. V8J 1G8 Pacific Fishery Licence Unit (250) 754-0400 60 Front Street Nanaimo, B.C. V9R 5H7 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan Page 3 of 24
Recreational Fisheries www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/recfish/default_e.htm A/Regional Recreational Fisheries Co-ordinator Kim West (604) 666-3271 South Coast Co-ordinator Bill Shaw (250) 756-7152 North Coast Co-ordinator Mark Reagan (250) 627-3409 A/Fraser River Co-ordinator Linda Stevens (604) 666-6512 Aboriginal Fisheries www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/tapd/default.htm North Coast Ken Bedard (250) 627-3437 Central Coast, Port Hardy Kristin Smith (250) 902-0482 Central Coast, Campbell River Kent Spencer (250) 850-5705 Fraser River Lower (below Port Mann Bridge) Debbie Sneddon (604) 666-8426 Fraser River Lower (Port Mann Bridge to Sawmill Creek) Brian Matts (604) 666-2096 Oceans www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/oceans Regional Director, Oceans (604) 666-7971 Aquaculture www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/aquaculture/default_e.htm Regional Aquaculture Co-ordinator Allison Webb (604) 666-3152 Internet Addresses Pacific Region Fisheries and Oceans Canada: www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca National Fisheries and Oceans Canada: www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/index.htm Policy and Communications: www-comm.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/pages/mediacentre/default_e.htm Pacific Fishery Management Area Regulations: Page 4 of 24 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan
www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ops/fm/areas/areamap_e.htm Pacific Scientific Advice Review Committee: www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/sci/psarc/ssrs/pelagic_ssrs_e.htm Integrated Fishery Management Plans: www-ops2.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/xnet/content/mplans/mplans.htm Fisheries and Oceans Canada Pacific Region Eulachon Internet Site: www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ops/fm/herring/eulachon/default_e.htm Fraser River Eulachon Test Fishing Internet Site: www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/fraserriver/eulachon.htm Shrimp Trawl Internet Site: www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ops/fm/shellfish/shrimp/default_e.htm The Sparrow Decision: www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/tapd/default.htm Code of Conduct for Responsible Fishing Operations: www.responsiblefisheries.com/fish_english/index2.html Selective Fishing: www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ops/fm/selective/default_e.htm 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan Page 5 of 24
2. GLOSSARY AFS Area by-catch biomass communal licence indicator Aboriginal Fisheries Strategy A division of Canadian fisheries waters as described in the Pacific Fishery Management Area Regulations. Incidental or unintentional catch of non-target stocks or species. Weight of population, usually in kg or tonnes. Issued to First Nations organizations pursuant to the Aboriginal Communal Fishing Licences Regulations, to carry on fishing and related activities. Data or observations related to the state of population abundance of eulachon, either in the river or the sea. Indicators may consist of a range of values, usually a time series. larva, larvae (plural) Recently hatched young eulachon, (< 1 cm ). landed or landing Osmerid, Osmeridae pelagic reference point Subarea TAC tonne The transfer of eulachon from a vessel to land. Osmerid refers to a member of the smelt family, Osmeridae. Living in the surface or middle depths of the sea. Biological indicator of stock abundance, but not necessarily a biomass estimate; could be an index, or a trend, or other biological factor that is related to the status of a stock or population. A division of Canadian fisheries waters as described in the Pacific Fishery Management Area Regulations. Total Allowable Catch Metric ton, 1000 kg, or 2204.6 lbs. Page 6 of 24 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan
3. INTRODUCTION The 2005/2006 Pacific Region Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan (IFMP) encompasses the period of April 1, 2005 to March 31, 2006. Details about the history of eulachon fisheries, biology and First Nations can be found on the Department s Internet or by request from any Fisheries and Oceans Canada office: www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ops/fm/herring/eulachon/default_e.htm This plan applies to fisheries for eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) in British Columbia. The plan deals with a small discrete commercial fishery on eulachon, which takes place in the Fraser River, a coast-wide recreational fishery, and the coast-wide First Nations fishery for food, social and ceremonial purposes. This IFMP has been approved by the Regional Director-General. Eulachon are a culturally important species to many First Nations on the British Columbia coast. In many First Nations communities the fish are rendered down to extract the oil or grease. This product is an important food source, which is bartered among First Nations communities and given as gifts at potlatch ceremonies. Eulachon are also eaten fresh, smoked and dried. 3.1. Guiding principles Management goals have been defined for eulachon fisheries in accordance with the following guiding principals: 3.1.1. To ensure conservation and protection of fish stocks and their habitat through the application of scientific management principles applied in a risk averse and precautionary manner based on the best scientific advice available. 3.1.2. To meet the federal Crown s obligations regarding First Nations fisheries for food, social and ceremonial purposes. 3.1.3. The Department will continue to consider opportunities for recreational fisheries for eulachon subject to conservation considerations. 3.1.4. The Department will continue to work collaboratively with Industry, First Nations organizations and other stakeholders to ensure conservation and sustainability of this resource. 3.1.5. To develop sustainable fisheries through partnership and co-management arrangements with client groups and stakeholders to share in decision-making, responsibilities, costs and benefits. 3.1.6. To develop fishing plans and co-operative research programs which will contribute to improving the knowledge base and understanding of the resource. 3.1.7. To consider the goals of stakeholders with respect to social, cultural and economic value of the fishery. 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan Page 7 of 24
3.1.8. To consider health and safety in the development and implementation of management plans, fishery openings and closures. 3.2. Prospects for the Season Information on stock status is available in the 1999 Fisheries and Oceans Science Stock Status Report B6-06 and is available from the Pacific Scientific Advice Review Committee (PSARC) Secretariat at (250) 756-7208, by e-mail at psarc@pac.dfompo.gc.ca, on-line at www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/sci/psarc/ssrs/pelagic_ssrs_e.htm, or from Fisheries and Oceans Canada personnel (see Section 1, Departmental Contacts). Additional information is also available by visiting the Fisheries and Oceans Canada Pacific Region eulachon web page at: www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ops/fm/herring/eulachon/default_e.htm Eulachons (Thaleichthys pacificus) are small, short-lived, anadromous smelts that occur from the southern Bering Sea to northern California, approximately in the area corresponding to the coastal temperate rain forest. In recent years eulachon abundance appears to have declined in many rivers, particularly since 1994, and have virtually disappeared in California. In the last five years, there have been very poor runs in several Central Coast rivers, especially the Bella Coola River (Dean Channel), and rivers draining into Rivers Inlet). In contrast, the years 2001 and 2002 saw eulachon abundance increase in a several rivers on the coast, including the Columbia, some South-east Alaska rivers, Nass, Skeena, Kitimat, Klinaklini, Kingcome Inlet and Fraser rivers. Concurrently, there was an increase in the occurrence of eulachons captured during shrimp research surveys off British Columbia from 2000 to 2002, to the highest levels seen since 1973, when surveys started. The offshore index of abundance, however, declined sharply in 2003 and 2004 (Fig. 1) and remains only marginally above the lowest levels seen in 1998 and 1999. A coast-wide outlook for eulachon in 2005 is not possible at this time. Pre-season indicators are not available for most of the coast. The exception is the Fraser River, where egg and larval surveys have indicated a continued decline in abundance since 2001, reaching a ten year historic low in 2004. The 2004 offshore index off the West Coast of Vancouver Island (WCVI) (Figs. 1-2, Table 1) has continued to decline from the record high of 15,198 in 2002, to 7,784 in 2003 and 4,176 in 2004. Preliminary analyses of offshore mixed-stock samples indicate that these are Fraser River and Columbia River stocks. The offshore eulachon index in Queen Charlotte Sound decreased from 4,366 in 2003 (Table 2) to 1,176 in 2004. These stocks are believed to be destined for the Central Coast rivers. Age compositions were not determined during the 2004 offshore survey. For 2004, the offshore biomass index was 771 tonnes (summed from Statistical Areas 124 and 125); this is one of the three pre-season indicators. Additional information can be found at the following internet address: www-ops2.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/xnet/content/shellfish/shrimp/surveys/surveys.htm Page 8 of 24 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan
Figure 1: Trend in eulachon biomass as determined from the west coast Vancouver Island annual spring shrimp surveys. Eulachon Biomass Index (t) 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 23OFF+21OFF 124OFF 125OFF 0 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Survey Year Table 1: Eulachon biomass indices and estimates of numbers of eulachon per age class (1,000s) for WCVI in 1999 to 2004. Number (1000 s) Year SMA Biomass (t) Age 1+ Age 2+ 2000 121OFF+23IN+23OFF 1971 128199 20002 124OFF 846 61884 5880 125OFF 346 18789 1948 2001 121OFF+23IN+23OFF 4896 111359 181922 124OFF 1340 85533 32980 125OFF 187 5684 4272 2002 121OFF+23IN+23OFF 5862 264348 136735 124OFF 3993 35459 131949 125OFF 5343 11894 190130 2003 121OFF+23IN+23OFF 4268 88958 170946 124OFF 2028 15615 50620 125OFF 1488 111016 49182 2004 121OFF+23IN+23OFF 3405 124OFF 428 125OFF 343 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan Page 9 of 24
Figure 2: Off shore Biomass survey areas as described in the tables and graphs above. Table 2: Eulachon biomass indices and estimates of abundance by age class for Queen CharlotteSound from 1998 to 2004. (The 2002-2004 index does not include shrimp management area 9IN). Number ( in thousands) Year SMA Biomass Age 1+ Age 2+ 1998 QC Snd + 9IN 473 - - 1999 QC Snd + 9IN 579 1,743 23,695 2000 QC Snd + 9IN 473 33133,313 19,327 2001 QC Snd + 9IN 3249 29,099 127,995 2002 QC Snd 3940 11,515 122,330 2003 QC Snd 4366 49,637 118,868 2004 QC Snd 1176 - - 3.3. Research Research activities are focussed in the areas of stock assessment, annual data collection and database management, stock identification, and the influence of habitat and climate factors on eulachon survival and recruitment. In the past, proposals have been put forward for stock identification and genetic analysis of eulachon, eulachon habitat inventory, historical abundance of eulachon, physiological limits to spawning, salinity tolerance of eulachon eggs, and distribution and marine habitats of inlet eulachon populations. Due to funding source limitations, research in these areas has not observed significant advancements in recent years. 3.3.1. Fraser River Eulachon Biomass Assessments and Spawning Distribution 1995 to 2002 was presented at a Pelagic PSARC meeting November, 2002 and as PSARC update (2003 to 2004 data) on January 26, 2005. A PSARC working Page 10 of 24 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan
paper analyzing the use of indicators for the management of the Fraser River eulachon was presented at the Pelagic PSARC meeting February 5, 2003 and at the Lowell Wakefield Data-Limited Symposium in November, 2004 (Alaska Sea Grant College Program, P.O. Box 7555040, Fairbanks, AK). Both of these PSARC documents have added to the knowledge of Fraser River eulachon. These reports are available from the PSARC Secretariat at (250) 756-7208 or email at psarc@pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca or on the Internet at: www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/sci/psarc/resdocs/res_docs_e.htm 4. SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES 4.1. Conservation/Sustainability 4.1.1. Biological Indicators All of the biological indicators, presently in use on the Fraser River, are limited by their short time series. Therefore, it is important to continue to collect and refine the pre-season biological indicators for the Fraser River eulachon fisheries, specifically eulachon genetic stock identification to identify river of origin in offshore waters, and the collection of the spawning stock biomass (SSB). 4.1.2. In-season Stock Assessment Adding to the time series, to improve and refine the use of the Fraser River test fishery as a biological indicator in the in-season management will be a key component to the in-season management of this stock. 4.1.3. Catch Reporting To continue to work towards improved catch reporting for all eulachon fisheries coast-wide. 4.1.4. Dredging Restrict dredging in the lower Fraser River during eulachon migration, spawning, egg and larval development (early March to June). 5. PERFORMANCE REVIEW 5.1. Management Plan Evaluation Criteria 5.1.1. Fishery Management 5.1.1.1. First Nations ceremonial catch, will be monitored throughout the season by the resource manager. 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan Page 11 of 24
5.1.1.2. Based on the pre-season biological indicators, the recreational fishery will remain closed for the 2005 season. 5.1.1.3. Based on the pre-season biological indicators, the commercial fishery will remain closed for the 2005 season. 5.1.2. Stock Assessment Biological indicators, pre-season and in-season, for the Fraser River fisheries, will be further refined by the end of 2005/2006. Adding to the time series for all the indicators and continuing the work on offshore stock identification is key to developing an understanding of this species. 5.2. Annual (Post-season) Review Results 5.2.1. First Nations food, social and ceremonial eulachon catch, in the Fraser River, was reported to be 825 lbs. (0.37 tonnes) for the 2004 season. Catch reports indicated that Tsawwassen, Kwantlen, Katzie and Sto:lo participated in the fishery. 5.2.2. Recreational catch was monitored using a voluntary log book program. Log forms were issued to individual fishers that had participated in previous surveys and through pick up at Fisheries and Oceans Canada offices. Catch in the recreational fishery was perceived to be modest. Minimal sport effort was observed in the river. Total effort on the river is cannot be determined with this type of survey. A total of 13 log forms were returned and the total reported catch was 258 lbs. It is important to note that this is not an estimate of catch or total effort. 5.2.3. The commercial fishery for eulachon in the Fraser River remained closed until the 10,000 piece catch trigger was reached in the Fraser River test fishery. Criteria set out by the 2004 to 2005 IFMP for eulachon stated that biomass levels over 300 tonnes (test fishery numbers above 10,000 pieces) would indicate medium to high eulachon returns. There are a total of 16 commercial eulachon licenses on the Fraser River. The Fraser River commercial eulachon fishery was opened based on favourable eulachon abundance indices. The commercial eulachon fishery was open on April 28 and April 30, for a season total of 20 hours. The cumulative total commercial harvest for the season was 963.5 lbs (or 0.44 tonnes). 6. HARVEST PLAN 6.1. Indicators and Decision Guidelines Decision making with respect to eulachon fishing, in the Fraser River, is dependent on four key biological indicators. This includes three pre-season indicators (Sec. 6.2.) and one in-season indicator (Sec. 6.3.). The eulachon fisheries in the Fraser River include First Nation s food, social and ceremonial, recreational and commercial. The management of these fisheries in the 2005/2006 season will be conducted utilizing the Page 12 of 24 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan
pre-season indicators and the New Westminster test fishery to assess the in-season eulachon biomass. 6.2. Pre-season Indicators The offshore index of abundance based on annual shrimp trawl surveys conducted in May by the Science Branch (Hay et. al., 1997). Since 1973, this survey provides an annual index of offshore abundance off the lower west coast of Vancouver Island (see Figure 1 and Table 1). Results from this survey are usually available in June, which is too late for utilization as an indicator for that year, but has been used as a reference point for the Fraser River in the following year. The Columbia River eulachon catches in a given year are considered an indicator for that year s Fraser River Fishery. As in the Fraser River, eulachons spawn in the Columbia River, and the Columbia sport and commercial fishery occurs mainly in February and March, which is two to three months before the Fraser River spawning run and fishery. The status of the Columbia provides an indication of ocean survival and may be an approximate guide to the run in the Fraser. Sampling for assessment of spawning biomass has been conducted annually since 1995 in the Fraser River (PSARC paper; Hay et al 1997). These assessments are based on intensive sampling of eggs and larvae for duration of seven to eight weeks following the spawning period. Egg and larval densities (number per m 3 ) were combined with Fraser River discharge data (volumes in m 3 /s as measured at Hope) to estimate total larval escapement and spawning stock biomass. Such an estimate however, can only be made after-the-fact, and provides information only on past spawning biomass, not future spawning biomass. INDICATOR a) Offshore index (2004) b) COLUMBIA RIVER ABUNDANC E (2005) c) FRASER RIVER ABUNDANC E (2004) STATUS 2005 poor poor poor FISHERY STATUS By Fishing Sector First Nation Recreational Commercial Closed, pending in- Closed Closed season test fishery results PSARC Research Document 2003/051: Indicators and response points for management of Fraser River eulachon is the scientific review of indicators and response points designed for the management of eulachons in the Fraser River. For the 2005 Fraser River eulachon return, all three pre-season indicators are showing a downward trend and 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan Page 13 of 24
6.3. have been assigned a poor status, implying a conservation concern. Based on preseason indicators information, our management action is for both recreational and commercial fisheries to remain closed for the duration of the 2005 season. Some provision is in place to consider limited First Nations opportunities, dependent on inseason New Westminster test fishery results. In season Indicators The Fraser River New Westminster test fishery is designed to provide an in-season index of eulachon spawner returns to the Fraser River. The test fishery is based on the cumulative catch of eulachon fished at a fixed site (New Westminster), with specific gear, daily at a specific tide level and for a fixed time period. The in-season test fishery has run since 1995 (with the exception of 1999). The test fishery is used in conjunction with the pre-season indicators as a guide to determining whether fisheries open and the dates on which they open. Figure 3 illustrates the cumulative test fishery catches, for 9 years, relative to the day of year (DOY). Figure 3: Patterns of cumulative catch from test fisheries for eulachons in the Fraser River, 1995-2004. In two of the years, the cumulative catch did not reach 5,000 pieces (lowest horizontal dashed line). In all other years with the exception of 2003, the cumulative catch exceeded 10,000 pieces (highest horizontal dashed line). In years when preseason indicators are all positive First Nations and recreational fisheries would commence without dependence on in-season results of the test fishery. Page 14 of 24 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan
Based on the three negative pre-season indicators and advice from science, the Department is implementing the following management actions for the 2005 Fraser River Eulachon season: Group NW Test Fishery piece count 0-7,500 pieces 7,500 First Nations FSC Closed Limited Ceremonial licences Recreational and Commercial Closed Closed a) Cumulative catches in the test fishery of less than 5,000 pieces are thought to indicate low spawning returns. As a means of ensuring an additional precautionary measure this year, a cumulative catch of 7,500 pieces would be used as a minimum level to consider First Nations opportunities. Once 7,500 pieces are caught, limited First Nations opportunities will be considered. 6.4. b) Fishery openings for recreational and commercial sectors are not being considered this year. Our pre-season knowledge of the Fraser River eulachon run size is limited. Work is ongoing to improve our ability to predict run strength and develop assessment tools to allow in-season validation. Until our ability to forecast returns and predict in-season abundance level improves the department will manage based on the pre-cautionary principle. As such harvest limits for Fraser River eulachon will be set in a risk adverse manner in order to ensure the conservation of the stock and sustainability of the resource. First Nations First Nations access to fish for food, social and ceremonial purposes is managed through a communal Aboriginal fishing licence which indicates the location, gear and species being harvested. Catch monitoring and reporting requirements are outlined in the fisheries agreement and/or communal licence. Communal licences can be amended inseason for resource conservation purposes. Additional information on communal licences can be found on the Internet at: www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/tapd/default.htm As none of the pre-season indicators for 2005 are positive, harvest opportunities for First Nations will be delayed based on in-season test fishing results. As the season progresses results from the New Westminster test fishery will be used to update stock status and determine the abundance category for the 2005 eulachon return. The matrix identified in Section 6 will then be used to identify whether further management actions are required. The First Nations catch of ceremonial purposes will be monitored. 6.5. Recreational 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan Page 15 of 24
A British Columbia Tidal Waters Sport Fishing Licence is required for the recreational harvest of all species of fish. An annual adult licence for residents of Canada costs $22.47 and $108.07 for visitors. Five, three and one day licences as well as licences for seniors and juveniles are available. The daily limit for the recreational harvest of eulachon in all areas is 20 kg. with a possession limit of 40 kg. Fishers may use a dip net or gill net (maximum of 7.5 m. length and mesh size between 25mm and 50mm.). The recreational fishery for eulachon is open coast-wide throughout the year, except for the Fraser River where the fishery was closed from 1998 to 2000 and 2005, due to conservation concerns. In-season information, for most eulachon stocks in British Columbia is limited and often not known until after the run has occurred. The recreational fishery in the Fraser River opened in 2001 and 2002 to a reduced harvest level. Due to conservation concerns, the recreational fishery will remain closed in 2005. 6.6. Commercial The commercial fishery is a limited entry fishery that currently has 16 licence eligibilities. This small discrete gill net fishery is limited to the Fraser River. Due to conservation concerns, the commercial fishery will remain closed in 2005. A request to implement a commercial licence fee waiver for this year is under review. 6.7. Control and Monitoring of Fishing Activities Control and monitoring of the commercial, recreational and First Nations eulachon fishery occurs through opportunistic enforcement. Some First Nations organizations employ First Nations guardians to monitor the First Nations food, social and ceremonial fisheries in their organization. The First Nations guardians carry a fishery officer designation, and carry out activities including stock assessment and catch monitoring, joint and co-ordinated patrols, reporting activities harmful to fish habitat, and consult and work co-operatively with the Department. The recreational fishery does not have restrictions on the numbers of licences issued annually. In the tidal waters of British Columbia recreational fishers have a daily limit of 20 kg, with a possession limit of 40 kg. The permitted gear types in tidal waters are dip net and gill net. The gill nets must be less than 7.5 m in length with a mesh size greater than 25 mm and less than 50 mm. Only one net can be fished per person. Due to conservation concerns, the recreational fishery will remain closed in 2005. The commercial eulachon fishery is limited to 16 licence eligibilities and only takes place in the Fraser River. Commercial fishers are required by condition of licence to provide fish slips reporting landings and value, and logbooks reporting location (within the Fraser River), effort and catch. Fishers are also required to hail in their catch within 24 hours, Page 16 of 24 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan
after a fishery takes place. will remain closed in 2005. 6.8. Quota Allocations Due to conservation concerns, the commercial fishery There is presently no quota allocation for eulachon on the Pacific Coast, with the exception of the Fraser River. The 2005 preseason biological indicators for the Fraser River are currently all poor, indicating that the run size to the Fraser River is likely at or below the low category. The ability to predict run strength and develop in-season assessment tools is still being developed. Due to conservation concerns, the commercial fishery will remain closed in 2005. 7. ANNUAL COMMERCIAL HARVEST PLAN: CURRENT MANAGEMENT ISSUES 7.1. Lack of Stock Status Information There is a lack of stock assessment information for most eulachon stocks. Development of biologically based total allowable catches (TAC) for all areas and refinements to the stock assessment process in the Fraser River are required. Collection and refinement of stock information is a long-term process. 7.2. By-catch of Eulachon Eulachon are a by-catch in the shrimp trawl fishery off WCVI and Queen Charlotte Sound. The Department and shrimp trawl industry have identified the need to minimize or eliminate by-catch of eulachon. Management changes undertaken in the shrimp trawl fishery to date for addressing eulachon by-catch include mandatory catch reduction devices in shrimp trawl nets, the closure of Queeen Charlotte Sound to shrimp trawling, and a eulachon conservation action level has been established for the WCVI area based on information from annual Department surveys for WCVI. Information on the Shrimp Trawl Selective Fishing Program is available to the public and other interested parties through the shrimp trawl Internet site: www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ops/fm/shellfish/shrimp/default_e.htm The incidental by-catch of eulachon has declined since the Shrimp Trawl Catch Sampling Program was initiated in 1997. 7.3. Habitat There are concerns in a number of eulachon rivers on the impact of physical changes to eulachon spawning habitat. Dredging has been brought forward as an issue; it is of specific concern during eulachon spawning. In addition, the effects of logging on river hydrology; specifically the changes in volume and discharge patterns within rivers and their ultimate effect on eulachon spawning is cause for concern. 7.4. Catch Reporting Fisheries and Oceans Canada has released a Pacific Region Fishery Monitoring and Reporting Framework. The framework provides a set of principles for all monitoring 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan Page 17 of 24
and catch reporting programs in all fisheries. There is a need to review the current monitoring and reporting requirements in this fishery to determine whether there are adequate standards in place to meet the Department s objectives. The Department will be working with harvesters to review and co-operatively plan monitoring and reporting programs for this fishery including methods of collection and delivery of this information to the Department, appropriate timelines for implementation, and options for recovery of catch monitoring and reporting costs. 7.5. Illegal Sale A strategy to address the illegal sale of eulachon needs to be developed. This is of particular concern when stock conservation concerns exist. 7.6. Area Openings and Closures The closed time for the harvest of eulachon shall be varied to permit the following fishing times. 7.6.1. Areas 28 and 29 Closed April 1, 2005 to March 31, 2006. 7.6.2. Areas 1 to 6 Closed April 1, 2005 to March 31, 2006. 7.6.3. Areas 7 to 13 Area Closed April 1, 2005 to March 31, 2006. 7.6.4. Areas 14 to 27 Closed April 1, 2005 to March 31, 2006. 7.7. Species 7.8. Gear 7.9. Licensing Eulachon (Thaleichthyes pacificus). Gill net. Mesh size no less than 25 mm and no greater than 50 mm and a maximum length of 275 m. 7.9.1. Licence Category A Eulachon, category ZU licence is required to commercially harvest eulachon. Eulachon licence eligibilities are limited entry and party-based. 7.9.2. Licence Fees The annual licence application fee is $30.00. 7.9.3. Licence Application Page 18 of 24 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan
Personalized applications are mailed to the licence eligibility holder for all eulachon licence eligibilities. Applications must be completed and submitted with the required fee, in person or by mail to any one of the three Pacific Fishery Licence Units (PFLU) by December 31 of each year, in order to maintain the licence eligibility whether fishing will take place or not. The licence eligibility holder must sign the application form. If the licence eligibility holder is a company, the PFLU must have on record a copy of either a Confirmation of Signing Authorities or an Amendment to Confirmation of Signing Authorities form listing the signing authorities. Prior to the annual licence issuance, licence eligibility holders are required to: a) Ensure any conditions of the previous year s licence are met (i.e. completion, submission and approval of any harvest logbook or fish slips). A log must be submitted even where no harvesting has occurred (i.e. Nil catch). For further information, please contact the Assistant Herring Manager at (250) 756-7329. b) Designate a registered commercial fishing vessel that is eligible for any vessel based commercial licence (i.e. A, C, G, K, L, R, S, T, and W), any communal commercial licence (i.e. FA, FC, FCA, FK, FL, FR, FS, and FW) or a valid N licence. c) Meet any Ministerial conditions placed on the licence eligibility. This year there has been a request drafted to implement a licence fee waiver; this is under review, pending Ministerial approval. The maximum vessel length restriction associated with eulachon licence eligibilities has been removed. Eulachon licence eligibilities may now be designated to a vessel of any length that is registered as a commercial fishing vessel. The designated vessel may be used to fish only one eulachon licence per year. Vessel redesignation is not permitted. There is no nomination process in place for eulachon licence eligibilities. 7.9.4. Licence Documents Eulachon licences are valid from the date of issue to December 31 of each calendar year. Replacements for lost or destroyed licence documents may be obtained by completing a Declaration Concerning Licence Documents form. Please contact a PFLU for further details. 7.10. Administration of the 2005 Eulachon Fishery Control and monitoring of the commercial, recreational and First Nations eulachon fishery occurs through opportunistic enforcement. As outlined in this plan, recreational 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan Page 19 of 24
and commercial fisheries will remain closed for the 2005 season. Limited First Nation fisheries will be considered, dependent on in-season test fishing results. Some First Nations organizations employ First Nations guardians to monitor the First Nations food, social and ceremonial fisheries in their organization. The First Nations guardians carry a fishery officer designation, and carry out activities including stock assessment and catch monitoring, joint and co-ordinated patrols, reporting activities harmful to fish habitat, and consult and work co-operatively with the Department. 7.11. Available Harvest There is presently no quota allocation for eulachon on the Pacific Coast. The 2005 preseason biological indicators for the Fraser River are currently all poor, indicating that a conservation concern status this year. The ability to predict run strength and develop in-season assessment tools is still being developed. 7.12. Conservation Harvesting Techniques and Selective Fishing Requirements Directed harvest on eulachon by all user groups occurs at the mouth and lower reaches of a river. Fisheries in British Columbia occur in the early spring and little or no by-catch of other species occurs. First Nations use a number of fishing methods coast-wide including dip nets, conical nets, seine nets and gill nets. The only commercial eulachon fishery is in the Fraser River and is by gill net only (mesh size 25mm to 50mm and a maximum length of 275 m.). More information on selective fishing initiatives and the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fishing Operations can be found on the Internet: www.responsiblefisheries.com/fish_english/index2.html www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ops/fm/selective/default_e.htm 8. ENFORCEMENT MEASURES 8.1. Overview The Conservation and Protection (C&P) directorate within Fisheries and Oceans Canada, has as its primary mandate the development and implementation of a Strategic Enforcement Plan directed at the conservation and protection of fish and fish habitat. There are approximately 150 fishery officers stationed in the Pacific Region (which encompasses the province of British Columbia and Yukon Territory). They are designated as fishery officers under Section 5 of the Fisheries Act. Their powers and responsibilities are outlined in the Act, The Criminal Code of Canada and the Constitution Act. C&P staff monitor and enforce issues and problems related to all eulachon fisheries in conjunction with the monitoring and enforcement activities dedicated to the identified priority fisheries in the Pacific Region. Regional priorities determine the degree of Page 20 of 24 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan
effort, which C&P allocate to the First Nations, commercial and recreational eulachon fisheries. 8.2. Main Program Activities 8.2.1. Priorities for 2005 Enforcement priorities and strategies for the 2005 eulachon fisheries will be developed and co-ordinated with local C&P and Fisheries Management staff. In season and post season reviews will be conducted to ensure the best approach and strategies are used in the management of this fishery. 8.2.2. In-season Fishery officers will conduct directed and opportunistic patrols of the fishing area. Patrols during open and closed times will be conducted taking into consideration competing priorities and resources. Illegal fishing activity is often reported through the Observe, Report, and Record line: (800) 465-4336. Fishery officers attempt to follow through on the reports as often as time and resources allow. 8.3. Enforcement Issues and Strategies Issue Section Strategy Licensing Verification Vessel licensed No FRC Fail to produce FRC Experimental test fishing licence First Nations communal licence Licences Fishing during closed time/area Pacific General Regulations: (PFR) Section (S) 22 Fisheries General Regulations: (FGR) S 52 FGR S 68(1) PFR S 25 FGR S 11 B.C.SFRegs Sec. 18(a) PFR S 63 At- sea/in-river inspections/boarding will be conducted when opportunities exist. These inspections may include checks of all vessel and personal licensing documents, gear, catch, etc. on board the vessel to ensure compliance with specific Conditions of Licence and the Regulations. Enforcement patrols will be conducted when opportunities exist. Possibilities may exist to use the Regional Enforcement Charter Aircraft (PAL Air) in co-ordination with other patrols. 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan Page 21 of 24
Issue Section Strategy Purchase, sell or possess any fish without a licence Fail to adhere to the Conditions of Licence including: Failure to maintain Harvest Logbook Failure to hail within 24 hours of a closure FA S33 FGR S 22(7) Investigations will occur when violations are encountered or reported. Dockside inspections will occur when opportunities exist. Investigations will occur when violations are encountered or reported. 9. FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES A significant amount of co-operative work has been done coast-wide. Donations of time, dollars, vessels, gear, samples and offshore surveys have all contributed to our knowledge about eulachon in the Pacific Region. The Tsawwassen, Musqueam and Katzie First Nations have provided assistance in spawner distribution test fisheries, and assistance in analysis of data from egg and larval sampling. Commercial eulachon fishers have assisted with in-season biomass index test fishery. The commercial shrimp trawl industry provided survey assistance for the offshore index (WCVI and Queen Charlotte Sound). The Department has purchased the Fraser River test eulachon fishery net required to run the New Westminster test fishery. As well, the Department s Aboriginal Fisheries Strategy has provided funds to assist in the spawner distribution work and the egg and larval surveys. The Department conducts the offshore survey on WCVI and in Queen Charlotte Sound and has also conducted eulachon egg and larval surveys in various areas of the coast. Additional research proposals have been submitted; however no commitments can be confirmed at this time. 10. REFERENCES Anon. 1999. DFO Stock Status Report B6-06 (1999). Eulachon. 5 p. (D.E. Hay and J. Boutillier, contacts). Anon. 1998. Eulachon Research Council: March 1998 Meeting Summary notes. Informal Joint B.C. Forests:DFO report. 10 p. Harbo, R, L. Convey, J. Boutillier, and D.E. Hay 1999. Pacific coast trawl fisheries. NAFO SCR Document 99/82. 7 p. Hay, D. and P.B. McCarter. 2000. Status of eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus in Canada; Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat Research Document 2000/145. Page 22 of 24 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan
Hay, D.E., R. Harbo, J. Boutillier, E. Wylie, L. Convey, and P.B. McCarter. 1999. Assessment of by-catch in the 1997 and 1998 shrimp trawl fisheries in British Columbia, with emphasis on eulachons. PSARC Working Paper I99:13, 45 pp. (Also presented on the Department web as Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat Research Document 99/179. 44 p Hay, D.E., R. Harbo, J Boutillier, E. Wylie, L. Convey and P.B. McCarter. 1999. PSARC Working Paper I99-13. Assessment of by-catch in the 1997 and 1998 shrimp trawl fisheries in B.C. with emphasis on eulachons. Hay, D.E., R. Harbo, C.E. Southey, J.R. Clarke, G. Parker and P.B. McCarter. 1999. PSARC Working Paper I99 - Catch composition of B.C. shrimp trawls and preliminary estimate of bycatch - with emphasis on eulachons. Hay, D.E., R. Harbo, C. E. Southey, J. R. Clarke, G. Parker, P. B. and PB.McCarter 1998. Catch composition of British Columbia shrimp trawls and preliminary estimation of by-catch - with emphasis on eulachons. PSARC Working Paper I98:8. 40 pp. (Also presented on the Department web as Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat Research Document 99/26. 45p.) Hay, D.E. and P.B. McCarter. 1998. Distribution and timing of herring spawning in British Columbia. PSARC Working Paper H98-5. 44 p. (Also presented on the Department web as Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat Research Document 99/14. 44p.) A recent and very relevant PSARC paper has been missed see last page at: www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas/csas/english/research_years/2003/2003_051_e.htm Hay, D.E. 1998. Historic changes in capelin and eulachon populations in the Strait of Georgia in Pauley, D. T Pitcher, and D. Preikshot. eds. Back to the Future: Reconstructing the Strait of Georgia ecosystem. University of B.C. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 6 (5) 42:44. Hay, D.E. 1997. Conference Report, on the Roles of Forage fishes in marine ecosystems. 13-16 November, Anchorage, Alaska. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 7: 1-2. D.E. Hay et al. 1997. PSARC Working Paper G97-15. Fraser River Eulachon Biomass Assessments and Spawning Distribution based on Egg and Larval Surveys. Hay, D.E., J. Boutillier, M. Joyce and G. Langford. 1997. The eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) as an indicator species in the North Pacific. Wakefield Fisheries Symposium. Alaska Sea Grant College Program 97-01: p 509-530. McCarter, P.B. and D.E. Hay. 1999. Distribution of spawning eulachon stocks in the central coast of British Columbia as indicated by larval surveys. PSARC P99-8. 64 pp. (Also presented on DFO web as Canadian Stock Assessment Secretariat Research Document 99-177. 63 p.) 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan Page 23 of 24
McCarter, P.B. and D. E. Hay. 1999. PSARC Working Paper P99-8. Distribution of Spawning Eulachon Stocks in the Central Coast of B.C. as indicated by Larval Surveys. McLean, J.E., D.E. Hay and E.B. Taylor. 1999. Marine population structure in an anadromous fish: life history influences patterns of mitochondrial DNA variation in the eulachon, Thaleichthys pacificus. Molecular Ecology 8:S143-S158. Simenstad, C., M. Methier, C.D. Levings, and D.E. Hay. 1996. The land-margin interface of coastal temperate rain forest ecosystems: shaping the nature of coastal interactions. In An Ecotrust publication: The Rainforests of home: an explanation of people and place. Island Press. 618 p. 11. ATTACHMENTS Appendix 1: Fishing Vessel Safety Page 24 of 24 2005/2006 Eulachon Integrated Fisheries Management Plan
Appendix 1: Fishing Vessel Safety Owners and masters have a duty to ensure the safety of their crew and vessel. Adherence to safety regulations and good practices by owners, masters and crew of fishing vessels will help save lives, protect the vessel from damage and protect the environment. All fishing vessels must be in a seaworthy condition and maintained as required by Transport Canada (TC), Workers Compensation Board of British Columbia (WCB) and other applicable agencies. Vessels subject to inspection should ensure that the certificate of inspection is valid for the area of intended operation. Before leaving on a voyage the owner, master or operator must ensure that the fishing vessel is capable of safely making the passage. Critical factors for a safe voyage include the seaworthiness of the vessel, vessel stability, ensuring the required safety equipment in good working order, crew training, and knowledge of current and forecasted weather conditions. Useful publications include Transport Canada Publication TP 10038 Small Fishing Vessel Safety Manual which can be obtained from Transport Canada or printed from the Internet at: www.tc.gc.ca/marinesafety/tp/tp10038/tp10038e.htm On July 30, 2003 all crew with more than six months at sea will be required to have taken minimum Marine Emergency Duties (MED) training or be registered for such training. MED provides a basic understanding of the hazards associated with the marine environment, the prevention of shipboard incidents (including fires), raising and reacting to alarms, fire and abandonment situations, and the skills necessary for survival and rescue. Fishers are reminded of the importance of paying close attention to current weather treads and forecasts during the voyage. Marine weather information and forecasts can be obtained on VHF channels 21B, Wx1, Wx 2, Wx 3, or Wx 4. Weather information is also available from Environment Canada on the Internet at: www.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/marine/region_03_e.html Vessel stability is paramount for safety. Care must be given to the stowage and securing of all hatches, through deck fittings, cargo, skiffs, equipment, fuel containers and supplies, and also to correct ballasting. Fishers must be familiar with their vessel s centre of gravity, the effect of liquid free surfaces on stability, loose water or fish on deck, loading and unloading operations and the vessel s freeboard. Fishers should pay special attention to the effects on stability of any modifications to a fishing vessel s construction or gear. Know the limitations of your vessel; if you are unsure contact a reputable marine surveyor or the local Transport Canada Marine Safety office. Fishers should ensure that all crew are able to activate the Search and Rescue (SAR) system early rather than later by contacting the Canadian Coast Guard (CCG). It is strongly recommended that all fishers carry a registered 406 MHz Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB). These beacons should be registered with the National Appendix 1: Fishing Vessel Safety Page 1 of 3
Search and Rescue secretariat. When activated, an EPIRB transmits a distress call which is picked up or relayed by satellites and transmitted via land earth stations to the Joint Rescue Co-ordination Centre (JRCC), which will task and co-ordinate rescue resources. Fishers should monitor VHF channel 16 or MF 2182 KHz and make themselves and their crews familiar with other radio frequencies. All crew should know how to make a distress call and should obtain their restricted operator certificate from Industry Canada. However, whenever possible, masters should contact the nearest CCG Marine Communications and Traffic Services (MCTS) station (on VHF channel 16 or MF 2182 khz) prior to a distress situation developing. Correct radio procedures are important for communications in an emergency. Incorrect or misunderstood communications may hinder a rescue response. As of August 1, 2003 all commercial vessels greater than 8 m in length are required to carry a Class D VHF DSC radio. A registered Digital Selective Calling (DSC) VHF radio has the capability to alert other DSC equipped vessels in your immediate area and MCTS that your vessel is in distress. Masters should be aware that they should register their DSC radios with Industry Canada to obtain an MMSI number or the automatic distress calling feature of the radio may not work. A DSC radio that is connected to a GPS unit will also automatically include your vessel s current position in the Distress message. More detailed information on MCTS and DSC can be obtained from the Internet at www.pacific.ccg-gcc.gc.ca or by contacting your local Coast Guard MCTS centre. MCTS centres are located at Vancouver, Victoria, Prince Rupert, Comox and Tofino. Fishers must be knowledgeable of the Collision Regulations and the responsibilities between vessels where risk of collision exists. Navigation lights must be kept in good working order and must be displayed from sunset to sunrise and during all other times of restricted visibility. To help reduce the potential for collision or close quarters situations which may also result in the loss of fishing gear, fishers are encouraged to monitor the appropriate local Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) VHF channel, when travelling or fishing near shipping lanes or other areas frequented by large commercial vessels. Vessels required to participate in VTS include: a) Every ship twenty metres or more in length. b) Every ship engaged in towing or pushing any vessel or object, other than fishing gear. c) Where the combined length of the ship and any vessel or object towed or pushed by the ship is forty five metres or more in length. d) Where the length of the vessel or object being towed or pushed by the ship is twenty metres or more in length. Exceptions: a) A ship towing or pushing inside a log booming ground. b) A pleasure yacht less than 30 metres in length. c) A fishing vessel that is less than 24 metres in length and not more than 150 tons gross. Page 2 of 3 Appendix 6 Fishing Vessel Safety