Hampton Roads Regional Safety Study General Crash Data and Trends Update

Hampton Roads Regional Safety Study General Crash Data and Trends - 2007 Update T07-11 OCTOBER 2007

PLANNING DISTRICT COMMISSION CHESAPEAKE POQUOSON REBECCA C.W. ADAMS * CHARLES W. BURGESS, JR. AMAR DWARKANATH GORDON C. HELSEL, JR. * CLIFTON E. HAYES, JR. WILLIAM E. HARRELL PORTSMOUTH ELLA P. WARD KENNETH L. CHANDLER * DOUGLAS L. SMITH FRANKLIN JOSEPH J. SCISLOWICZ SOUTHAMPTON COUNTY * ROWLAND L. TAYLOR ANITA T. FELTS * MICHAEL W. JOHNSON GLOUCESTER COUNTY JOHN J. ADAMS, SR. SUFFOLK * WILLIAM H. WHITLEY LINDA T. JOHNSON * JAMES G. VACALIS HAMPTON * RANDALL A. GILLILAND SURRY COUNTY ROSS A. KEARNEY, II * TYRONE W. FRANKLIN JESSE T. WALLACE, JR. JUDY S. LYTTLE ISLE OF WIGHT COUNTY BEACH W. DOUGLAS CASKEY HARRY E. DIEZEL * STAN D. CLARK ROBERT M. DYER BARBARA M. HENLEY JAMES CITY COUNTY * LOUIS R. JONES * BRUCE C. GOODSON MEYERA E. OBERNDORF SANFORD B. WANNER JAMES K. SPORE. JOHN E. UHRIN NEWPORT NEWS CHARLES C. ALLEN WILLIAMSBURG * JOE S. FRANK * JACKSON C. TUTTLE, II RANDY W. HILDEBRANDT JEANNE ZEIDLER NORFOLK YORK COUNTY ANTHONY L. BURFOOT * JAMES O. McREYNOLDS * PAUL D. FRAIM THOMAS G. SHEPPERD, JR. DR. THERESA W. WHIBLEY REGINA V.K. WILLIAMS BARCLAY C. WINN *EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBER PROJECT STAFF ARTHUR L. COLLINS DWIGHT L. FARMER CAMELIA RAVANBAKHT KEITH NICHOLS ROBERT C. JACOBS MICHAEL R. LONG BRIAN MILLER RACHAEL V. PATCHETT EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR/SECRETARY DEPUTY EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, TRANSPORTATION PRINCIPAL TRANSPORTATION ENGINEER SENIOR TRANSPORTATION ENGINEER DIRECTOR OF GRAPHIC & PRINTING SERVICES GRAPHIC ARTIST/ILLUSTRATOR TECHNICIAN II GRAPHIC TECHNICIAN II REPROGRAPHIC SUPERVISOR

REGIONAL SAFETY STUDY: GENERAL CRASH DATA AND TRENDS 2007 UPDATE This report was included in the Work Program for Fiscal Year 2007-2008, which was approved by the Commission and the Metropolitan Planning Organization at their meetings of March 21, 2007. PREPARED BY: OCTOBER 2007 T07-11

REPORT DOCUMENTATION TITLE: REPORT DATE : October 2007 General Crash Data and Trends GRANT/SPONSORINGAGENCY FHWA/VDOT/LOCAL FUNDS AUTHOR: Keith M. Nichols ORGANIZATION NAME, ADDRESS AND TELEPHONE Hampton Roads Planning District Commission 723 Woodlake Drive Chesapeake, Virginia 23320 (757) 420-8300 http://www.hrpdcva.gov ABSTRACT In 2001 the Hampton Roads Planning District Commission (HRPDC) initiated the, a comprehensive analysis of highway safety throughout the region. This report updates the General Crash Data and Trends portion of the Hampton Roads Regional Safety Study. Trends are analyzed for crashes, injuries and fatalities on a regional and jurisdictional level for those localities within the HRPDC. Comparisons are also made with statewide and national data. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was prepared by the Hampton Roads Planning District Commission (HRPDC) in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT). The contents of this report reflect the views of the Hampton Roads Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO). The HRPDC is responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the FHWA, VDOT, or HRPDC. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. FHWA or VDOT acceptance of this report as evidence of fulfillment of the objectives of this planning study does not constitute endorsement/approval of the need for any recommended improvements nor does it constitute approval of their location and design or a commitment to fund any such improvements. Additional project level environmental impact assessments and/or studies of alternatives may be necessary. i

TABLE OF CONTENTS REPORT DOCUMENTATION...I QUICK CRASH FACTS... iii INTRODUCTION...I TRAFFIC CRASHES... 2 Hampton Roads Traffic Crashes...3 Hampton Roads Traffic Crashes by Jurisdiction...3 Hampton Roads Traffic Crash Rates...4 Virginia Traffic Crash Rates...4 Hampton Roads Crashes Number of Vehicles...5 Virginia Crashes - Trucks...5 Hampton Roads Crashes Crash Type...6 Hampton Roads Crashes Time of Day...6 Hampton Roads Crashes Day of Week...7 Hampton Roads Crashes Month of Year...7 Hampton Roads Crashes Driver Action...8 Virginia Crashes Driver Action...8 Hampton Roads Crashes in Work Zones...9 Hampton Roads Alcohol-Related Crashes...9 TRAFFIC CRASH INJURIES... 10 Hampton Roads Injuries...11 Hampton Roads Injuries by Jurisdiction...11 Hampton Roads Injury Rates...12 Virginia Injury Rates...12 Hampton Roads Injuries Crash Type...13 Hampton Roads Alcohol-Related Injuries...13 TRAFFIC CRASH FATALITIES... 14 Hampton Roads Fatalities...15 Hampton Roads Fatalites by Jurisdiction...15 Hampton Roads Fatality Rates...16 Virginia Fatality Rates...16 Hampton Roads Fatalities Crash Type...17 Hampton Roads Alcohol-Related Fatalities...17 APPENDIX... 18 Hampton Roads Crash Data, 1997-2006...19 ii

QUICK CRASH FACTS In Hampton Roads there were 32,019 traffic crashes reported in 2006. This amounts to 88 crashes every day of the year, or one crash every 16 minutes. 16,026 injuries resulting from traffic crashes in 2006. This amounts to 44 injuries due to traffic crashes every day of the year, or one injury every 33 minutes. 141 fatalities resulting from traffic crashes in 2006. That is an average of one fatality every 2.6 days. 2.23 crashes per million vehicle-miles of travel between 2004 2006. This is down from 2.44 crashes per million vehicle-miles of travel between 1995 1997. 1.16 injuries per million vehicle-miles of travel between 2004 2006. This is down from 1.64 injuries per million vehicle-miles of travel between 1995 1997. 0.94 fatalities per 100 million vehicle-miles of travel between 2004 2006. This is down from 1.19 fatalities per 100 million vehiclemiles of travel between 1995 1997. 2,454 traffic crashes that involved alcohol in 2006. This is one out of every 13 crashes. 39 fatalities resulting from crashes that involved alcohol in 2006. 28% of all traffic crash fatalities in 2006 were the result of crashes that involved alcohol. iii

INTRODUCTION In 2001 the Hampton Roads Planning District Commission (HRPDC) initiated a comprehensive study examining highway safety throughout the region. That effort, titled the, analyzed general crash data and trends on a regional and jurisdictional level, the locations of crashes throughout the region, and crash countermeasures for high crash locations. This report updates the General Crash Data and Trends portion of the through the year 2006. Similar to previous updates, trends are analyzed for crashes, injuries and fatalities on a regional and jurisdictional level for those localities within the HRPDC (see map below). Comparisons are also made with statewide and national data. Hampton Roads Planning District Commission Jurisdictions JAMES CITY GLOUCESTER WILLIAMSBURG YORK SURRY NEWPORT NEWS POQUOSON HAMPTON ISLE OF WIGHT NORFOLK PORTSMOUTH BEACH SOUTHAMPTON SUFFOLK CHESAPEAKE FRANKLIN 1

TRAFFIC CRASHES TRAFFIC CRASHES TRAFFIC CRASHES BY JURISDICTION TRAFFIC CRASH RATES TRAFFIC CRASH RATES NUMBER OF VEHICLES TRUCKS CRASH TYPES DRIVER ACTION DAY OF WEEK MONTH OF YEAR TIME OF DAY CRASHES IN WORK ZONES ALCOHOL-RELATED CRASHES 2

TRAFFIC CRASHES TRAFFIC CRASHES Total Annual Traffic Crashes Hampton Roads Annual Traffic Crashes*, 1997-2006 35,000 34,000 33,000 32,000 31,000 30,000 29,000 28,000 27,000 26,000 25,000 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Data source: Virginia DMV. * A reported traffic crash according to the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles includes all crashes on public roadways that involve a fatality, injury, or estimated property damage of at least $1,000. There were 32,019 traffic crashes reported in Hampton Roads in 2006. This is an average of 88 crashes every day of the year, or one crash every 16 minutes. Although the number of crashes in Hampton Roads in 2006 is higher than it was during the late 1990s, the number of crashes has decreased over 3% since 2004. The number of crashes statewide increased by 17% between 1997 and 2006, outpacing the growth in Hampton Roads (7%) during this time. TRAFFIC CRASHES BY JURISDICTION Traffic Crashes and Trends by Jurisdiction, 1997-2006 SOUTHAMPTON 321 139 39.0% 2.3% 5.9% 3.3% 97 28.7% 5.6% 171 23.0% 13.0% FRANKLIN 759 30.4% JAMES 34.2% CITY SURRY WILLIAMSBURG 595 24.0% 15.6% ISLE OF WIGHT 440 6.2% 6.6% GLOUCESTER SUFFOLK 1,742 YORK NEWPORT NEWS 4,258 9.5% 2.7% 43.5% 33.0% 1,052 21.5% 1,052 21.5% 3,488 16.3% 16.3% POQUOSON HAMPTON 6.6% 0.6% 1,753 8.4% NORFOLK 0.2% PORTSMOUTH 2.4% 2.6% 5,400 CHESAPEAKE 3,442 4.9% 13.2% LEGEND # of crashes in 2006 Change in crashes, 1997-2006 Change in population, 1997-2006 94 1.1% 4.9% 8,268 14.9% 3.5% BEACH Data source: Virginia DMV, Hampton Roads Databook. Of the 16 jurisdictions in Hampton Roads, 10 experienced an increase in crashes between 1997 and 2006. Suffolk had the largest percentage increase in crashes (+43.5%), and Franklin had the largest percentage decrease in crashes (-28.7%). 9 of the 16 Hampton Roads jurisdictions experienced higher growth in the percentage of traffic crashes than their population growth between 1997 and 2006. 3

TRAFFIC CRASHES TRAFFIC CRASH RATES Crash Rate per Million VMT Traffic Crash Rates in Hampton Roads, Virginia, and the United States, 1995-1997 and 2004-2006 3.00 2.70 2.40 2.10 1.80 1.50 1.20 0.90 0.60 0.30 0.00 1.84 1.91 Virginia United States Hampton Roads Data sources: VDOT, Virginia DMV, FHWA, NHTSA. 2.69 2.04 2.44 2.23 1995-1997 2004-2006 The traffic crash rate in Hampton Roads was 2.23 crashes per million vehicle-miles of travel between 2004 and 2006. This rate decreased 9% from 1995 1997, when the crash rate in Hampton Roads was 2.44 crashes per million vehicle-miles of travel. & USA The traffic crash rate was higher in Hampton Roads than in Virginia and the United States between 2004 and 2006, although the crash rate increased across the state of Virginia between the mid-1990s and the mid-2000s. TRAFFIC CRASH RATES Crash Rate per Million VMT, 2004-2006 Traffic Crash Rates in Selected Virginia Planning Districts, 2004-2006 3.00 2.70 2.40 2.10 1.80 1.50 1.20 0.90 0.60 0.30 0.00 2.06 2.07 Roanoke Valley - Alleghany Richmond Regional 2.14 Northern Virginia 2.23 Hampton Roads PDCs Hampton Roads had a higher crash rate than the Northern Virginia, Richmond Regional, and Roanoke Valley-Alleghany planning districts between 2004 and 2006. All four planning districts had higher crash rates than the statewide average of 1.91 crashes per million VMT. Data sources: VDOT, Virginia DMV. 4

TRAFFIC CRASHES CRASHES NUMBER OF VEHICLES Hampton Roads Crashes by Number of Vehicles Involved 2004-2006 4 vehicles 1.8% 3 vehicles 9.3% 5+ vehicles 0.5% 1 vehicle 21.7% Two-thirds of all crashes in Hampton Roads between 2004 and 2006 involved two vehicles. 22% of all crashes regionwide involved a single vehicle, and almost 12% involved three or more vehicles. 2 vehicles 66.8% Single vehicle crashes were much more prevalent statewide (29.6%) than in Hampton Roads between 2004 and 2006, while two vehicle crashes were less prevalent statewide (61.0%). Data source: VDOT. CRASHES TRUCKS % of VMT and % Crashes 12.0% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% Percentage of Crashes and VMT that Involve Trucks, Virginia and Select Planning Districts, 2006 5.2% 3.4% Hampton Roads 6.7% 2.9% Northern Virginia % of Crashes that Involve Trucks, 2006 % of Total VMT by Trucks, 2006 5.7% 5.2% Richmond Regional 7.2% 10.8% Roanoke Valley - Alleghany Data source: VDOT. 6.3% 6.5% Virginia In 2006, 5.2% of all traffic crashes in Hampton Roads involved trucks, and 2.8% of all vehicles involved in crashes were trucks. The percentage of crashes that involved trucks was lower in Hampton Roads than in Virginia and the Northern Virginia, Richmond Regional, and Roanoke Valley-Alleghany planning districts. However, only Northern Virginia had a greater discrepancy between the percentage of crashes that involved trucks and the percentage of travel by trucks. 5

TRAFFIC CRASHES CRASHES CRASH TYPE Non-collision 1.8% Fixed Object In Roa d 2.1% Sideswipe Opposite Dir. 1.4% Head On 0.8% Animal 1.2% Hampton Roads Crashes by Type 2004-2006 Pedestrian 1.4% Sideswipe Same Dir. 10.1% Fixed Object Off Road 16.1% Angle 26.3% Other 0.7% Rear End 36.7% Backed Into 1.5% Data source: VDOT. The primary crash types in Hampton Roads between 2004 and 2006 were rear end crashes (36.7%), angle crashes (26.3%), and fixed objects off the roadway surface crashes (16.1%). Similar to Hampton Roads, the primary crash types statewide between 2004 and 2006 were also rear end crashes (31.3%), angle crashes (23.1%), and fixed objects off the roadway surface crashes (20.8%). CRASHES TIME OF DAY Percent of Total Traffic Crashes, 2004-2006 10.0% 9.0% 8.0% 7.0% 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% Hampton Roads Traffic Crashes by Time of Day 2004-2006 0:00-0:59 1:00-1:59 2:00-2:59 3:00-3:59 Data source: VDOT. 4:00-4:59 5:00-5:59 6:00-6:59 7:00-7:59 8:00-8:59 9:00-9:59 10:00-10:59 11:00-11:59 12:00-12:59 13:00-13:59 14:00-14:59 15:00-15:59 16:00-16:59 17:00-17:59 6 18:00-18:59 19:00-19:59 20:00-20:59 21:00-21:59 22:00-22:59 23:00-23:59 Between 2004 and 2006, the hours with the highest percentage of crashes in Hampton Roads were during the afternoon peak travel period, between 3 pm and 6 pm. Over 25% of all crashes in Hampton Roads occurred during these three hours of congested travel. The hours with the highest percentage of crashes statewide were also between 3 pm and 6 pm. Between 2004 and 2006, 24% of all crashes statewide occurred during this afternoon peak travel period.

TRAFFIC CRASHES CRASHES DAY OF WEEK Hampton Roads Traffic Crashes by Day of Week, 2004-2006 Monday 14.5% Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday 10.3% 14.8% 14.3% 14.7% 13.7% 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 16.0% 18.0% 20.0% Percent of Total Traffic Crashes, 2004-2006 17.7% Friday, which has more travel than any other day of the week, also has a higher percentage of crashes (17.7%) than any other day of the week in Hampton Roads. Mondays through Thursdays had a similar number of crashes, with weekend days having a lower number of crashes. Friday was also the day with the most crashes statewide (17.7%) between 2004 and 2006. Data source: VDOT. CRASHES MONTH OF YEAR Hampton Roads Traffic Crashes by Month of Year 2004-2006 Data source: VDOT. January February March April May June July August September October November December 7.0% 7.7% 8.0% 8.3% 8.5% 8.8% 8.4% 8.2% 8.6% 9.1% 8.7% 8.7% 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% Percent of Total Traffic Crashes, 2004-2006 The month of October had the most traffic crashes in Hampton Roads between 2004 and 2006. The fall months of October through December (as well as the month of June) had the highest number of crashes, while the winter months of January through March had the lowest number of crashes. The month of October also had the most traffic crashes statewide between 2004 and 2006. The fall months of October through December also had the highest number of crashes statewide, while the winter months had the lowest number of crashes. 7

TRAFFIC CRASHES CRASHES DRIVER ACTION Improper turning 3.1% Hit-and-run 4.6% Exceeded speed limit/safe speed 4.1% Driver Actions Preceding Traffic Crashes in Hampton Roads, 2004-2006 No improper action listed 8.6% Disregarded traffic control device 5.5% All Others 11.3% Failure to yield right-of-way 16.3% Following Too Closely 24.3% Data source: VDOT. Driver distracted/ fail to maintain control 16.3% Improper lane chang e 5.9% The most prevalent driver actions preceding traffic crashes in Hampton Roads between 2004 and 2006 were following too closely, driver distracted/failed to maintain control, and failure to yield right-of-way. 57% of all crashes were the result of one of these driver actions. Of those crashes due to driver distractions, 5.4% listed cell phones as the cause of the distraction. Statewide, the most prevalent driver actions preceding traffic crashes between 2004 and 2006 were driver distracted/failed to maintain control of vehicle (23%), following too closely (19%), and failure to yield right-of-way (15%). CRASHES DRIVER ACTION Following too Following Too Closely closely Driver distracted/ fail Driver distracted/fail to maintain control to maintain control Failure to yield Failure to yield right-of-way right-of-way Disregarded traffic Disregarded traffic control device control device Exceeded speed limit/safe speed Driver Actions Preceding Traffic Crashes in Selected Virginia Planning Districts, 2004-2006 Exceeded speed limit/safe speed Hampton Roads Northern Virginia Richmond Regional Roanoke Valley - Alleghany 0.0% 3.0% 6.0% 9.0% 12.0% 15.0% 18.0% 21.0% 24.0% 27.0% 30.0% PDCs Crashes due to drivers following too closely were more prevalent in Hampton Roads than in the Northern Virginia, Richmond Regional, and Roanoke Valley PDCs. Crashes due to drivers failing to yield the right-of-way were also slightly more prevalent in Hampton Roads than in the other three PDCs. The percentage of crashes due to drivers being distracted/failing to maintain control of their vehicle was much lower in Hampton Roads than in Northern Virginia and Roanoke. Percent of Total Traffic Crashes, 2004-2006 Data source: VDOT. 8

TRAFFIC CRASHES CRASHES WORK ZONES Hampton Roads Crashes in Work Zones, 2004-2006 2004 2005 There were 716 crashes in work zones in Hampton Roads in 2006, resulting in 336 injuries and 1 fatality. 2.2% of all crashes and 2.1% of all injuries in Hampton Roads in 2006 occurred in work zones. The number of crashes and injuries that occurred in work zones decreased each year between 2004 and 2006. 2006 Injuries Crashes 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 Data source: VDOT. Total Annual Traffic Crashes and Injuries Statewide, 2.2% of all crashes and 2.2% of all injuries occurred in work zones during this time period, similar to what occurred in Hampton Roads. Note: Work zone data for each crash has only been maintained since 2004. ALCOHOL-RELATED CRASHES Total Annual Traffic Crashes Involving Alcohol Hampton Roads Crashes that Involved Alcohol*, 1997-2006 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Data source: Virginia DMV. * The Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles defines a traffic crash as being alcohol-related (or involving alcohol) when the police report indicates that a driver, bicyclist, or pedestrian had been drinking before the crash, regardless of blood alcohol content. There were 2,454 alcohol-related traffic crashes in Hampton Roads in 2006. Alcohol was involved in 7.7% of all crashes in Hampton Roads in 2006, down from 8.5% in 1997. After increasing earlier in the decade, the number of alcoholrelated crashes in Hampton Roads slightly decreased between 2004 and 2006. Statewide, alcohol was involved in 7.7% of all traffic crashes in 2006, the same percentage that occurred in Hampton Roads. Also similar to Hampton Roads, the percentage of alcohol-related crashes decreased statewide between 1997 (when it was 8.7%) and 2006. 9

TRAFFIC CRASH INJURIES INJURIES INJURIES BY JURISDICTION INJURY RATES INJURY RATES INJURY CRASH TYPES ALCOHOL-RELATED INJURIES 10

TRAFFIC CRASH INJURIES INJURIES Total Annual Traffic Crash Injuries Hampton Roads Annual Traffic Crash Injuries*, 1997-2006 22,000 20,000 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Data source: Virginia DMV. * An injury traffic crash is defined by the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles as any crash that involves at least one injury, but results in no fatalities within 30 days of the crash. There were 16,026 injuries as a result of traffic crashes in Hampton Roads in 2006. This is an average of 44 injuries every day of the year, or one injury every 33 minutes. The number of injuries resulting from traffic crashes in Hampton Roads decreased 18.5% between 1997 and 2006, with a large portion of this decrease occurring over the last three years. The number of injuries resulting from traffic crashes statewide decreased 10.4% between 1997 and 2006, well below the rate of decrease experienced in Hampton Roads. TRAFFIC CRASH INJURIES BY JURISDICTION Traffic Crash Injuries and Trends by Jurisdiction, 1997-2006 SOUTHAMPTON 49 24.6% 94 26.0% 69 2.8% 243 10.3% FRANKLIN 375 7.1% JAMES CITY SURRY WILLIAMSBURG 311 26.3% ISLE OF WIGHT 327 18.3% GLOUCESTER NEWPORT NEWS SUFFOLK 1,106 5.7% YORK 570 2,235 13.1% 3,563 15.6% PORTSMOUTH 37.9% NORFOLK 27.8% CHESAPEAKE LEGEND 3.1% 40 20.0% POQUOSON 1,465 HAMPTON 31.1% 871 2,624 2,084 11.5% # of injuries in 2006 Change in injuries, 1997-2006 3,563 15.6% BEACH Data source: Virginia DMV. Of the 16 jurisdictions in the Hampton Roads PDC, 13 experienced a decrease in injuries resulting from traffic crashes between 1997 and 2006, and 7 jurisdictions saw a decrease in injuries of 20% or more. This is in spite of the fact that 10 jurisdictions experienced an increase in the number of crashes during this time period. 11

TRAFFIC CRASH INJURIES INJURY RATES Injury Rate per Million VMT Traffic Crash Injury Rates in Hampton Roads, Virginia, and the United States, 1995-1997 and 2004-2006 2.00 1.80 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 1.17 0.95 1.38 0.90 1.64 1.16 Virginia United States Hampton Roads The crash injury rate in Hampton Roads was 1.16 injuries per million vehicle-miles of travel between 2004 and 2006. This is a decrease of nearly 30% from 1995-1997, when the injury rate in Hampton Roads was 1.64 injuries per million vehicle-miles of travel. & USA Despite such a large decrease, the crash injury rate was still higher in Hampton Roads than in Virginia and the United States between 2004 and 2006. Data sources: VDOT, Virginia DMV, FHWA, NHTSA. 1995-1997 2004-2006 INJURY RATES Injury Rate per Million VMT, 2004-2006 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 Traffic Crash Injury Rates in Selected Virginia Planning Districts, 2004-2006 0.88 0.95 1.02 1.16 PDCs Hampton Roads had a higher crash injury rate than the Northern Virginia, Richmond Regional, and Roanoke Valley-Alleghany planning districts between 2004 and 2006. The injury rate in Hampton Roads was more than 30% higher than the injury rate in the Roanoke Valley-Alleghany planning district and more than 20% higher than the injury rate in the Richmond Regional planning district during this time. 0.00 Roanoke Valley - Alleghany Richmond Regional Northern Virginia Hampton Roads Data sources: VDOT, Virginia DMV. 12

TRAFFIC CRASH INJURIES INJURIES CRASH TYPE Non-collision 2.7% Fixed Object In Road 0.8% Sideswipe Opposite Dir. 1.9% Head On 1.5% Animal 0.3% Backed Into 0.4% Hampton Roads Injuries by Crash Type 2004-2006 Pedestrian 2.8% Fixed Object Off Road 14.0% Sideswipe Same Dir. 6.2% Angle 32.0% Other 0.6% Rear End 36.8% Data source: VDOT. The primary crash types that resulted in injuries in Hampton Roads between 2004 and 2006 were rear end crashes (36.8%), angle crashes (32.0%), and fixed objects off the roadway surface crashes (14.0%). These were also the three most prevalent crash types in Hampton Roads during this time period. Similar to Hampton Roads, the primary crash types that resulted in injuries statewide between 2004 and 2006 were rear end crashes (31.8%), angle crashes (28.4%), and fixed objects off the roadway surface crashes (21.0%). ALCOHOL-RELATED INJURIES Annual Injuries from Traffic Crashes Involving Alcohol Injuries Resulting from Traffic Crashes Involving Alcohol in Hampton Roads, 1997-2006 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Data source: Virginia DMV. There were 1,462 injuries that resulted from alcohol-related traffic crashes in Hampton Roads in 2006. This is down over 30% from 1997 when there were over 2,000 such injuries. 9.1% of all traffic crash injuries that occurred in Hampton Roads in 2006 resulted from crashes involving alcohol, down from 10.7% in 1997. The number of injuries statewide that resulted from alcohol-related crashes decreased 17% between 1997 and 2006, well below the decrease that occurred in Hampton Roads. 10.3% of all injuries statewide in 2006 resulted from alcohol-related crashes. 13

TRAFFIC CRASH FATALITIES FATALITIES FATALITIES BY JURISDICTION FATALITY RATES FATALITY RATES FATALITY CRASH TYPES ALCOHOL-RELATED FATALITIES 14

TRAFFIC CRASH FATALITIES FATALITIES Total Annual Traffic Crash Fatalities Hampton Roads Annual Traffic Crash Fatalities*, 1997-2006 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Data source: Virginia DMV. * A fatality traffic crash is defined by the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles as any crash that caused the death of at least one driver, passenger, or pedestrian within 30 days of the crash as the result of injuries suffered in the crash. There were 141 fatalities that resulted from traffic crashes in Hampton Roads in 2006. A fatality resulting from traffic crashes occurred on average once every 2.6 days in the region. Although the number of fatalities was lower in 2006 than in 1997, the number of fatalities increased every year between 2003 and 2006. There were 961 fatalities resulting from traffic crashes statewide in 2006. This is the highest number of fatalities since 1997, when 981 fatalities occurred statewide. VDOT aims to reduce this number by 100 fatalities per year by the year 2010. TRAFFIC CRASH FATALITIES BY JURISDICTION Traffic Crash Fatalities and Trends by Jurisdiction, 1997-2006 SOUTHAMPTON 0 8 0 1 0 0 2 2 FRANKLIN 7 0 JAMES CITY SURRY WILLIAMSBURG 10 3 ISLE OF WIGHT 12 4 11 7 GLOUCESTER NEWPORT NEWS SUFFOLK YORK 4 4 POQUOSON 8 7 8 HAMPTON 3 4 4 18 NORFOLK 9 5 PORTSMOUTH 6 CHESAPEAKE 26 5 LEGEND # of fatalities in 2006 Change in fatalities, 1997-2006 0 0 22 2 BEACH Data source: Virginia DMV. Of the 16 jurisdictions in the Hampton Roads PDC, 5 experienced an increase in fatalities between 1997 an 2006, and 7 experienced a decrease. Three jurisdictions had no fatalities in either year. Gloucester experienced the largest increase with 7 more fatalities in 2006 than in 1997, while Norfolk had the largest decrease with 9 fewer fatalities during this period. 15

TRAFFIC CRASH FATALITIES FATALITY RATES Fatality Rate per 100 Million VMT Traffic Crash Fatality Rates in Hampton Roads, Virginia, and the United States, 1995-1997 and 2004-2006 2.00 1.80 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 1.19 0.94 Hampton Roads Virginia United States Data sources: VDOT, Virginia DMV, FHWA, NHTSA. 1.30 1.18 1.69 1.44 1995-1997 2004-2006 The traffic crash fatality rate in Hampton Roads was 0.94 fatalities per 100 million vehicle-miles of travel between 2004 and 2006. This is a 21% decrease from 1995-1997, when the fatality rate in Hampton Roads was 1.19 fatalities per 100 million vehicle-miles of travel. & USA The crash fatality rate is much lower in Hampton Roads than in Virginia and the United States. The decrease in the crash fatality rate was also larger in Hampton Roads than in Virginia (-9%) and the United States (-15%). FATALITY RATES Fatality Rate per 100 Million VMT, 2004-2006 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 Traffic Crash Fatality Rates in Selected Virginia Planning Districts, 2004-2006 0.72 0.94 1.00 1.43 PDCs Hampton Roads had a higher crash fatality rate than the Northern Virginia planning district between 2004 and 2006, but a lower fatality rate than the Richmond Regional and Roanoke Valley-Alleghany planning districts. Only the Roanoke Valley-Alleghany planning district had a fatality rate higher than the statewide rate. 0.00 Northern Virginia Hampton Roads Richmond Regional Roanoke Valley - Alleghany Data sources: VDOT, Virginia DMV. 16

TRAFFIC CRASH FATALITIES FATALITES CRASH TYPE Hampton Roads Fatalities by Crash Type 2004-2006 Other 1.2% Rear End 5.8% Pedestrian 11.7% Angle 14.6% Fixed Object Off Road 33.3% Head On 8.8% Non-collision 13.1% Sideswipe Same Dir. 3.9% Sideswipe Opposite Dir. 1.7% Data source: VDOT. Fixed Object In Road 5.8% Fixed object off the roadway surface crashes caused a third of all fatalities in Hampton Roads between 2004 and 2006. This is in spite of the fact that they only comprised 16% of all traffic crashes during this time. Fatalities are also prevalent in pedestrian crashes, comprising only 1% of all crashes but 12% of all fatalities between 2004 and 2006. Fixed object off the roadway surface crashes also caused the most fatalities statewide between 2004 and 2006 (38.5%), followed by non-collision/overturned vehicle crashes (15.9%) and angle crashes (12.8%). ALCOHOL-RELATED FATALITIES Annual Fatalities from Traffic Crashes Involving Alcohol Fatalities Resulting from Traffic Crashes Involving Alcohol in Hampton Roads, 1997-2006 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Data source: Virginia DMV. There were 39 fatalities that resulted from crashes that involved alcohol in Hampton Roads in 2006. This number is much lower than earlier in the decade, when the number of such fatalities fluctuated between 54 and 66 each year. 28% of all fatalities in Hampton Roads in 2006 resulted from crashes that involved alcohol. Statewide, there were 52 more fatalities that resulted from crashes that involved alcohol in 2006 than in 2005. 39% of all fatalities statewide in 2006 resulted from crashes that involved alcohol. 17

APPENDIX CRASH DATA, 1997-2006 NATIONWIDE FATALITY DATA, 2004-2006 18

APPENDIX CRASH DATA, 1997-2006 Hampton Roads Crashes by Jurisdiction, 1997-2006 Number of Crashes Jurisdiction 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 % change 1997-2006 Chesapeake 3,281 3,251 3,373 3,193 3,104 3,141 3,274 3,594 3,652 3,442 4.9% Franklin 136 120 117 107 110 74 75 47 98 97-28.7% Gloucester 469 529 533 490 466 494 505 475 419 440-6.2% Hampton 3,271 2,950 3,059 3,050 3,158 3,663 4,115 3,862 3,875 3,488 6.6% Isle of Wight 480 526 488 517 516 568 567 592 586 595 24.0% James City 582 552 518 499 513 558 656 650 703 759 30.4% Newport News 3,887 3,964 3,998 3,867 3,750 3,861 3,900 4,211 4,160 4,258 9.5% Norfolk 5,892 5,855 5,779 5,542 5,359 5,705 5,810 5,703 5,749 5,400-8.4% Poquoson 95 87 76 80 93 91 81 86 83 94-1.1% Portsmouth 1,796 1,624 1,778 1,729 1,691 1,928 2,061 2,036 1,718 1,753-2.4% Southampton 303 327 333 320 314 277 376 410 296 321 5.9% Suffolk 1,214 1,283 1,324 1,204 1,337 1,379 1,566 1,678 1,618 1,742 43.5% Surry 100 138 117 113 111 107 115 117 141 139 39.0% Virginia Beach 7,195 7,591 7,837 7,679 7,788 8,478 8,653 8,324 8,292 8,268 14.9% Williamsburg 222 220 238 185 215 222 204 186 186 171-23.0% York 866 907 894 857 868 896 1,089 1,137 1,053 1,052 21.5% Hampton Roads PDC 29,789 29,924 30,462 29,432 29,393 31,442 33,047 33,108 32,629 32,019 7.5% Virginia 129,980 136,138 139,573 141,650 144,585 147,737 154,848 153,907 153,849 151,692 16.7% HR % of state 22.9% 22.0% 21.8% 20.8% 20.3% 21.3% 21.3% 21.5% 21.2% 21.1% United States 6,624,000 6,335,000 6,279,000 6,394,000 6,323,000 6,316,000 6,328,000 6,181,000 6,159,000 5,930,000-10.5% Sources: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Virginia Traffic Crash Facts Hampton Roads Fatalities by Jurisdiction, 1997-2006 Number of Fatalities Jurisdiction 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 % change 1997-2006 Chesapeake 21 26 10 12 20 19 17 13 21 26 23.8% Franklin 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 Gloucester 4 5 2 3 9 5 4 3 7 11 175.0% Hampton 5 4 13 5 6 10 9 14 3 8 60.0% Isle of Wight 7 12 9 6 7 5 7 7 6 10 42.9% James City 7 6 4 7 4 6 5 6 8 7 0.0% Newport News 15 16 11 11 10 11 13 12 13 8-46.7% Norfolk 27 20 24 22 25 10 15 13 15 18-33.3% Poquoson 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Portsmouth 11 12 7 4 5 9 7 11 1 5-54.5% Southampton 9 7 8 8 7 3 4 8 10 8-11.1% Suffolk 8 24 13 13 17 20 8 16 8 12 50.0% Surry 4 4 1 6 1 1 2 1 4 2-50.0% Virginia Beach 24 20 24 24 31 27 27 22 31 22-8.3% Williamsburg 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 York 8 11 3 9 10 9 11 5 12 4-50.0% Hampton Roads PDC 150 169 130 132 153 136 129 131 139 141-6.0% Virginia 981 934 877 930 935 913 942 922 946 961-2.0% HR % of state 15.3% 18.1% 14.8% 14.2% 16.4% 14.9% 13.7% 14.2% 14.7% 14.7% United States 42,013 41,501 41,717 41,945 42,196 43,005 42,884 42,836 43,510 42,642 1.5% Sources: NHTSA, Virginia Traffic Crash Facts 19

APPENDIX CRASH DATA, 1997-2006 Hampton Roads Injuries by Jurisdiction, 1997-2006 Number of Injuries Jurisdiction 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 % change 1997-2006 Chesapeake 2,356 2,281 2,397 2,198 2,162 2,095 2,106 2,279 2,167 2,084-11.5% Franklin 65 85 74 59 51 31 37 14 64 49-24.6% Gloucester 400 447 430 396 347 407 365 360 317 327-18.3% Hampton 2,127 1,922 1,926 1,833 1,914 1,963 1,961 1,677 1,785 1,465-31.1% Isle of Wight 422 372 421 382 381 370 354 341 395 311-26.3% James City 350 337 313 324 366 383 385 384 403 375 7.1% Newport News 2,573 2,584 2,492 2,241 2,212 2,287 2,279 2,532 2,418 2,235-13.1% Norfolk 3,633 3,400 3,137 3,008 2,906 3,062 3,053 2,951 2,664 2,624-27.8% Poquoson 50 34 41 25 58 54 35 30 35 40-20.0% Portsmouth 1,403 1,301 1,338 1,269 1,111 1,209 1,274 1,265 942 871-37.9% Southampton 271 255 266 284 260 219 262 263 239 243-10.3% Suffolk 1,046 1,109 995 880 1,006 941 1,033 1,066 1,010 1,106 5.7% Surry 71 94 84 68 69 60 59 66 84 69-2.8% Virginia Beach 4,220 4,360 4,431 4,241 4,057 4,009 4,066 3,771 3,705 3,563-15.6% Williamsburg 127 95 121 103 108 103 119 99 99 94-26.0% York 553 658 545 549 555 592 677 717 672 570 3.1% Hampton Roads PDC 19,667 19,334 19,011 17,860 17,563 17,785 18,065 17,815 16,999 16,026-18.5% Virginia 81,866 81,221 81,204 79,806 80,187 78,896 78,842 78,487 76,023 73,348-10.4% HR % of state 24.0% 23.8% 23.4% 22.4% 21.9% 22.5% 22.9% 22.7% 22.4% 21.8% United States 3,348,000 3,192,000 3,236,000 3,189,000 3,033,000 2,926,000 2,889,000 2,788,000 2,699,000 2,575,000-23.1% Sources: NHTSA, Virginia Traffic Crash Facts Hampton Roads Alcohol-Related Crashes by Jurisdiction, 1997-2006 Number of Alcohol Related Crashes Jurisdiction 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 % change 1997-2006 Chesapeake 256 230 244 234 246 273 259 234 258 253-1.2% Franklin 8 8 5 8 7 3 7 2 6 10 25.0% Gloucester 46 46 51 45 51 56 52 57 44 43-6.5% Hampton 271 254 212 204 230 232 255 269 261 249-8.1% Isle of Wight 62 51 73 60 69 76 64 60 62 60-3.2% James City 46 40 36 41 43 42 41 41 61 45-2.2% Newport News 297 311 266 253 257 278 227 282 271 267-10.1% Norfolk 515 456 435 394 399 463 454 414 418 383-25.6% Poquoson 11 9 4 5 9 4 8 8 8 4-63.6% Portsmouth 156 136 155 134 111 158 148 181 144 155-0.6% Southampton 37 47 47 43 33 32 41 35 34 28-24.3% Suffolk 115 119 124 114 117 107 81 125 114 129 12.2% Surry 16 13 16 16 14 13 18 11 22 10-37.5% Virginia Beach 622 579 659 583 624 689 667 780 700 738 18.6% Williamsburg 11 9 11 9 14 12 14 14 9 11 0.0% York 71 78 72 71 78 64 56 71 84 69-2.8% Hampton Roads PDC 2,540 2,386 2,410 2,214 2,302 2,502 2,392 2,584 2,496 2,454-3.4% Virginia 11,340 11,027 10,942 11,085 11,265 11,788 11,388 11,504 11,495 11,736 3.5% HR % of state 22.4% 21.6% 22.0% 20.0% 20.4% 21.2% 21.0% 22.5% 21.7% 20.9% United States 470,000 438,000 457,000 508,000 438,000 Sources: NHTSA, Virginia Traffic Crash Facts 20

APPENDIX CRASH DATA, 1997-2006 Hampton Roads Alcohol-Related Fatalities by Jurisdiction, 1997-2006 Number of Alcohol Related Fatalities Jurisdiction 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 % change 1997-2006 Chesapeake 1 8 3 5 10 7 6 3 9 3 200.0% Franklin 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gloucester 2 3 1 1 4 3 2 2 2 4 100.0% Hampton 0 4 5 2 4 8 5 10 1 3 INF Isle of Wight/Smt 3 3 3 1 3 1 6 3 1 5 66.7% James City 0 0 4 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 INF Newport News 5 4 5 2 2 5 9 3 7 0-100.0% Norfolk 4 5 9 7 8 5 6 5 7 0-100.0% Poquoson 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Portsmouth 5 6 1 2 3 6 6 3 0 1-80.0% Southampton 1 3 4 4 3 1 2 4 5 2 100.0% Suffolk 4 9 2 2 6 8 1 5 6 3-25.0% Surry 1 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 2 0-100.0% Virginia Beach 9 6 14 11 16 13 17 11 10 15 66.7% Williamsburg 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 York 3 3 2 3 3 3 5 3 6 2-33.3% Hampton Roads PDC 38 56 54 47 63 62 66 54 58 39 2.6% Virginia 302 336 364 355 358 375 361 343 322 374 23.8% HR % of state 12.6% 16.7% 14.8% 13.2% 17.6% 16.5% 18.3% 15.7% 18.0% 10.4% United States 16,711 16,673 16,572 17,380 17,448 17,524 17,105 16,694 17,590 17,602 5.3% Sources: NHTSA, Virginia Traffic Crash Facts Hampton Roads Alcohol-Related Injuries by Jurisdiction, 1997-2006 Number of Alcohol Related Injuries Jurisdiction 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 % change 1997-2006 Chesapeake 235 196 208 210 204 232 188 207 192 139-40.9% Franklin 8 6 8 5 3 3 3 2 3 1-87.5% Gloucester 33 50 36 45 46 56 53 59 37 37 12.1% Hampton 218 192 163 157 168 128 172 119 158 121-44.5% Isle of Wight 75 31 83 59 64 65 52 42 53 43-42.7% James City 28 25 25 48 34 52 33 29 24 25-10.7% Newport News 230 241 218 177 188 213 153 223 173 187-18.7% Norfolk 403 360 318 270 267 305 272 311 231 221-45.2% Poquoson 7 6 2 2 6 4 4 4 4 3-57.1% Portsmouth 129 114 140 125 77 99 109 122 82 91-29.5% Southampton 43 33 45 38 25 32 24 30 40 34-20.9% Suffolk 126 122 111 112 99 113 74 117 97 107-15.1% Surry 18 13 15 7 11 5 10 8 17 6-66.7% Virginia Beach 489 417 447 399 414 422 395 472 396 393-19.6% Williamsburg 5 3 4 3 8 6 10 14 2 8 60.0% York 48 71 57 57 60 45 42 59 71 46-4.2% Hampton Roads PDC 2,095 1,880 1,880 1,714 1,674 1,780 1,594 1,818 1,580 1,462-30.2% Virginia 9,124 8,555 8,359 8,251 8,211 8,465 7,819 7,911 7,512 7,543-17.3% HR % of state 23.0% 22.0% 22.5% 20.8% 20.4% 21.0% 20.4% 23.0% 21.0% 19.4% United States 327,000 305,000 308,000 310,000 275,000 258,000 275,000 248,000 254,000 Sources: NHTSA, Virginia Traffic Crash Facts 21