Taekwondo Student Handbook Yellow Stripe 9 th Kup Copyright James Seaman 2017
Contents Patterns (Tuls)... 1 Definition of a Pattern... 1 Belt Meaning... 2 Pattern Meaning... 2 Chon Ji... 2 Advanced pattern (for information only)... 2... 2 Stances... 3 Niunja Sogi (L stance)... 3 Theory... 4 General Choi and Korea... 4 Other Martial Arts... 5 Body Parts... 6 Hand Parts (Sang Basin)... 6 Sonkal... 6 Foot Parts (Habansing)... 6 Balkal... 6 Techniques... 6 Daebi... 6 Kicks(Chagi)... 7 Side Kick... 7 Punches... 8 Doo Jirugi... 8 Chon Ji... 9 Grading Revision Sheets... 19 9 th Kup (yellow stripe)... 19 Yellow Stripe (9th Kup) Grading... 20
Patterns (Tuls) As a yellow stripe you learn your first pattern which is called Chon Ji. One pattern (or tul) is mastered for every belt you acquire in Taekwondo using increasingly advanced techniques. Three exceptions are: 1. Everyone is considered to be a white belt without performing a pattern 2. Saju jirugi is not strictly a pattern it is an exercise 3. High level black belts (>5 th degree) are promoted on a discretionary basis. As you progress, you should regularly practice all previous patterns. A black belt performing Chon Ji should look very different to a yellow stripe performing the same pattern. Most patterns start by moving the left leg and performing a block. This symbolises the defensive nature of Taekwondo. Definition of a Pattern You should learn the following 3 statements: A pattern consists of a combination of full power Taekwondo techniques performed in a logical order against one or more imaginary opponents, designed to practice and perfect techniques some of which might not otherwise be used. The name of the pattern, the number of movements, or the diagrammatic symbol of each pattern symbolises either heroic figures in Korean history or instances relating to historical events. Pattern meanings also demonstrate the use of one or more tenets to give us inspiration to follow. Page 1
Belt Meaning White White signifies innocence as that of a beginning student who has no previous knowledge of Taekwondo Yellow Yellow signifies earth from which the plant sprouts and takes root as the Taekwon-Do foundation is being laid Pattern Meaning You must learn this pattern meaning for your grading: Chon Ji (19 moves) Chon-Ji literally means "Heaven and Earth". It is, in the Orient, interpreted as the creation of the world or the beginning of human history, therefore, it is the initial pattern played by the beginner. This pattern consists of two similar parts, one to represent the Heaven and the other the Earth. Advanced pattern (for information only) Chon Ji is the name of a crater which is filled with water (known as a crater lake) atop the extinct volcano Mount Baekdu on the China/Korea border. This was formed around 949-989 AD after the volcano collapsed leaving a cauldron shape called a caldera. Korean legend states that heaven and earth meet at the lake (which is also supposed to contain a monster) and Baekdu is said to have been the first home of Dan Gun. Page 2
Stances Niunja Sogi (L stance) This is a half-facing stance - Maintain one and a half times the width of your shoulders between the rear foot s footsword and the front foot s toes as shown - Both feet should point inwards by 15 degrees - 70% of the weight is on the back leg, you should be able to pick the front leg up quickly and without changing posture - Maintain approximately 2.5cm gap between the heels of the feet. This tends to leave approximately one shoulder width between the little toes as shown - The rear leg should be bent until the knee is in line with toes - The hip should be in line with the inner knee joint Page 3
Theory General Choi and Korea Until around 700AD, Korea consisted of three Kingdoms - Silla, Koguryo and Baek Je. Silla was under constant threat from its larger neighbours and a group called the Hwa Rangdo ( royal youth or flowering youth ) were formed from the aristocrats and warriors. They developed a mental and physical fighting system with similarities to Korean Taekyon and Soo Bak Gi (a primitive hand fighting method) and Japanese Ju Jitsu. The Hwa Rangdo became a formidable group of warriors (some as young as 14) and may have formed the basis for Karate, Taekwon-Do and the Samurai. 1909-1945 saw Japan occupy Korea and all martial arts were outlawed which was a setback for Taekwon-Do, however there has been a resurgence in its popularity and it is now a hugely successful martial art and has achieved a place in the Olympic Games (the only martial arts to have achieved this by 2012 are Taekwon-Do and Judo). General Choi Hong Hi started to develop the art, known as the Chan Hun or Chang Hun style (which was his pen name and means blue cottage ), in 1946 in what is now known as the republic of Korea and it was officially inaugurated as Taekwon-Do in Seoul on April 11 th 1955. By 1965 it was declared as the national martial art of Korea and in 1967 Rhee Ki Ha introduced it to the UK. Choi was born in North Korea (Hwa Dae) on 9th November 1918 and died on the 15th June 2002. Choi was taught Taekyon by Han Il Dong whilst studying calligraphy as his first exposure to martial arts. In Kyoto, Japan, Choi met Mr Him who taught him Karate; Choi achieved 2nd dan and taught Karate at a YMCA in Tokyo. Choi was jailed for plotting against the Japanese during WWII. He taught his cellmate, then jailer, then large groups of prisoners and staff what would become Taekwon-do. The end of the war (1945) led to Choi returning to Korea and continuing to teach to the Korean army. In 1953 Choi trained the 29th infantry on Chen Ju island. He also opened the 'gym of my way' (Oh Do Kwan). By the end of 1954 he opened the 'gym of the blue wave' (Chung Do Kwan) in South Korea which was the largest civilian gym. Choi attained the rank of major general in 1953. The TAGB (Taekwon-Do Association of Great Britain) started in August 1983 as a splinter group from the UKTA. This is now the largest and most successful Taekwon-Do organisation in Britain. The TAGB was formed in a coach in Nottingham due to diverging views between members of the UKTA Page 4
Other Martial Arts The precise origins of martial arts can be difficult to pinpoint due to the fact they are often variations or refinements of numerous fighting methods. Nomads such as Buddhist monks and Samurai are known to have played a role in the distribution of fighting skills. Some of the well-known arts are: Kung Fu Savate Judo/karate /aikido China France Japan Sambo Kickboxing Taekwon-Do Russia Thailand Korea Each martial art tends to have a specific style or focus such as the locks of aikido, the kicks of taekwondo and the grappling of judo. There are lessons to be learnt from each martial art but taekwondo gives a balance of skills and is unique in the application of the theory of power. Page 5
Body Parts Hand Parts (Sang Basin) Sonkal Knifehand Foot Parts (Habansing) Balkal Footsword Techniques Daebi Guarding Ensure that you cover the body with the rear arm and keep the front arm s elbow tucked in. Page 6
Kicks(Chagi) Side Kick (Yop Chagi) Side Piercing kick (Yop cha jirugi) Side Pushing Kick (Yop Cha Milgi, uses mass, not acceleration/power) Reverse Side Piercing Kick (Bandae yop cha jirugi) Side Rising Kick (Yop cha olligi) Attacking Tool Footsword (balkal) The heel should travel in a straight line to the target, static leg should rotate completely Page 7
Punches Doo Jirugi Double Punch Both punches should be performed in the time taken to do a single punch normally Page 8
Chon Ji Chon Ji is the first formal pattern and teaches you to turn through 180 degrees (half a turn) and also use L stance. 0 The start position is parallel ready stance, stand upright and look forwards. When performing any pattern be sure to keep your head up, don t look down at your feet. Show confidence and demonstrate that you are imagining an opponent. Narani junbi sogi 1 From your ready position, immediately lift the hands up and turn the body anticlockwise slightly to chamber a low block. Step the left foot forwards into a walking stance and execute an outer forearm low block. Try and make the hip twist start by kicking the back leg out which twists the hips and then the arms follow. Gunnon so bakat palmok najunde makgi Page 9
2 Bring the right foot forwards and hold the right hip slightly back so you can use the hip twist in your punch. Extend the left arm out so it can act as a reaction hand. Step the right leg forwards into a right walking stance whilst executing a middle section punch. Be sure to pull the reaction arm back with as much force as the punching arm. This will tighten the chest and counter balance against the punching arm. Gunnon so ap joomuk kaunde ap jirugi 3 When your right arm is extended in a punch you turn 180 degrees (1/2 turn) right and when your left arm is out you turn 90 degrees (1/4 turn) left. Your right arm was out so you turn half a turn to face the opposite way. Move the right leg forwards into a walking stance whilst executing a low section outer forearm block. Tension on impact, make sure every muscle tightens at the moment the foot hits the floor and blocking arm reaches the target. Gunnon so bakat palmok najunde makgi Page 10
4 Now step the left foot forwards whilst chambering for an obverse punch (same hand and leg forward). Continue to move the left foot forwards into a left walking stance and perform a middle section front punch. Gunnon sogi ap joomuk kaunde ap jirugi 5 When the left hand is out we turn one quarter towards the left (anticlockwise) and chamber for a low block. Step the left leg forwards into a left walking stance and perform a low section block with the outer forearm. Gunnon so bakat palmok najunde makgi Page 11
6 Bring the right leg forwards and chamber a punch with the right fist, as usual make sure you are one eighth of a turn away from your final position and that your reaction hand is extended with the punching arm on the hip. Continue to move forwards into a right walking stance and perform a middle punch. Gunnon so ap joomuk kaunde ap jirugi 7 Your right arm was out so perform half a turn clockwise and chamber a low block. Step the right leg out into a walking stance and execute the block. Gunnon so bakat palmok najunde makgi Page 12
8 Step the left leg forwards and chamber a punch with the left arm. Continue to move forwards into a left walking stance and perform the punch. Gunnon sogi ap joomuk kaunde ap jirugi 9 At this stage the pattern changes into the second part which involves L stance and an inner forearm middle block. You continue the quarter turn with left hand out and half turn with right hand out but chamber a middle block (this is the same as the low block chamber). The left foot steps out to form a right L stance and the middle block is executed with the inner forearm. Make sure you are showing a clear distinction between L stance and walking stance with the correct (70/30) weight distribution. Niunja so an palmok kaunde makgi Page 13
10 Step forwards and chamber an obverse punch with the right hand. Punch in a right walking stance. Gunnon so ap joomuk kaunde ap jirugi 11 The right hand was punching so we perform a half turn clockwise and prepare for another middle section block in L stance. Execute the middle section block in a left L stance (Left because most of the weight is on the back foot). Niunja so an palmok kaunde makgi 12 Step the left leg forwards into a chamber for a punch. Page 14
Move into a left walking stance and perform the middle section punch again. Gunnon so ap joomuk kaunde ap jirugi 13 The left hand was punching so we perform a quarter turn anticlockwise and chamber another middle section block with the inner forearm. Move into a right L stance and execute the inner forearm middle block. Niunja so an palmok kaune makgi 14 Step forwards with the right leg and chamber a punch with the right hand. Page 15
Move the right leg out into a right walking stance whilst executing a middle punch. Gunnon so ap joomuk kaunde ap jirugi 15 The right hand was punching so half a turn clockwise and chamber a middle block. Move into a left L stance and execute the inner forearm middle block. Niunja so an palmok kaune makgi 16 Step the left leg forwards and chamber a punch. Page 16
Execute the punch landing in a left walking stance. Gunnon so ap joomuk kaunde ap jirugi 17 This is the second (and final) change in the pattern, rather than rotating in the regular block/punch combination, the last four moves of the pattern involve stepping forwards then backwards. After the punch with the left hand previously, step forwards and chamber another obverse punch with the right. Continue to step on with the right leg into a walking stance and execute a middle punch Gunnon so ap joomuk ap jirugi 18 After stepping forwards and punching twice, we now have to step backwards twice also so we end where the pattern started. Pull the right leg back and chamber a left punch, note that the left hip must still be pulled back as shown, this feels awkward at first. Page 17
Step backwards with the right leg to form a left walking stance and execute the middle section punch. Gunnon so ap joomuk kaunde ap jirugi 19 The last move of the pattern is another punch stepping backwards. Pull the left leg back, keep the right hip behind the left hip and leave the arm that was punching extended so it can act as a reaction arm. Execute the final punch and perform a ki ap to signify the end of the pattern. Gunnon so ap joomuk ap jirugi Completion The last leg you moved was the left leg so you must bring this towards the right to finish the pattern. The left leg comes forward to form a parallel ready stance just as when you started the pattern. Narani junbi sogi Page 18
Grading Revision Sheets 9 th Kup (yellow stripe) Patterns up to: Sparring: Chon Ji including meanings and number of moves None Theory: - Describe what a pattern (tul) is, see Definition of a Pattern - Explain the saju jirugi is not a pattern, it is an exercise with no associated meaning - Step turning - omgyo didimyo dolgi - Kick - Chagi - Ball of the foot Ap kumchi - Knifehand - Sonkal - Daebi guarding - Taerigi - strike - Left wen - Right orun - Identify basic foot parts in Korean and English such as ball of the foot (ap kumchi) and footsword (balkal) - Understand step turning (as used in the pattern) Advanced - Reverse knifehand - Sonkal dung - Backfist - Dung joomuk - Sidefist - Yop joomuk - Important dates: o The art was inaugurated on April 11 th 1955 o In 1967 grandmaster Rhee Ki Ha introduced TKD to the UK o The TAGB formed in August 1983 o The BTC formed on 21st April 1988 Techniques - Double Punch doo jirugi - Front snap kick - Ap cha busigi (ap chagi is front kick ) - Walking ready stance Gunnon junbi sogi - Inner forearm middle section block - an palmok kaunde makgi - Outer forearm middle section block - bakat palmok kaunde makgi - Knifehand side strike - sonkal yop taerigi - Rising block chookyo makgi Stances 1. L stance Page 19
Yellow Stripe (9th Kup) Grading State your name and grade Put your left leg out into Sitting Stance and perform 10 double punches (counting out loud) Start in a walking ready stance and perform 10 front kicks (counting out loud) Step forwards in a walking stance performing double punch Step backwards in an L stance performing inner forearm middle block Step forwards in an L stance performing knifehand strike Step backwards in a walking stance performing low block with the outer forearm then a rising block Perform pattern Chon Ji Page 20