Introduction Army Lists Scenario War-Tokens The French War 3 Swedish Army 1635-41 4 Imperial Army/Saxon Army 1635-41 4 Imperial/Bavarian Army 1638 5 Weimarian Army 1638 6 Imperial Army 1642-45 7 Swedish Army 1642-45 7 Spanish Army 1643 8 French Army 1643 8 Bavarian Army 1644 9 French Army 1644 9 German Army 1644 10 Bavarian/Imperial Army 1645 10 French/Hessian Army 1645 11 Imperial Army 1646-48 12 Bavarian Army 1646-48 12 Swedish Army 1646-48 13 French Army 1646-48 13 Swedish & French Generals Profiles 14 Cavalry Tactics 15 Imperial, Bavarian & Spanish Generals Profiles 15 Infantry Tactics 16 Dismounted Cavalry 16 Swedish Muskets 16 Battle of Wittstock 17 Battle of Jankow 19 Benefitial Effect 21 Detrimental Effect 21 Furia Francese 21 Acknowledgments 21 Copyright Stephen Danes and Warband Miniatures 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication or abstraction from it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying or trasmission by email or internet, without prior permission in writing from the copyright holder.
Fearing that the Swedish offensive in Germany had ground to a halt, the French first minister Cardinal Richelieu decided to intervene. A Habsburg revival following their victory over the Swedes at Nördlingen was not in Frances interests and so the Cardinal secured an alliance with the Dutch Republic, Bernhard of Sax-Weimar and several Italian states. However, the French opening moves in the Rhineland were not successful and by 1636 Spanish and Imperialist troops threatened Paris. The French did manage to hold the Catholic forces and eventually drove them out and between 1637 and 1648 the Spanish and Imperialist armies suffered a string of defeats. This was the most destructive phase of the war, no longer a religious struggle between Protestants and Catholics (Catholic France fought Catholic Spain) this was now a war of occupation and annihilation. In 1643 the Spanish army suffered the disaster of Rocroi, where the superiority of the French army was established and where Spain was finally removed from the Habsburg cause. From 1636 the Empire suffered a series of destructive defeats at the hands of the Swedes, at Wittstock and Rheinfelden in 1638 and a second battle at Breitenfeld in 1642. There were French defeats too - at Tuttlingen in 1643 and Freiburg in 1644 but these were outweighed by crucial victories at Nördlingen, Jankau and Zusmarshausen. Faced with the prospect of losing Prague to the Swedes, the Emperor was forced to agree to terms and signed the Peace of Westphalia, the treaty that ended the Thirty Years War - although this peace did not end the fighting between France and Spain - who remained at war for another decade.
Army: The Swedish Army 1635-41 Commander: Baner Generals: Torstensson, Leslie, Karr, Stalhansk, Vitzthum, Ruthven Swedish Infantry Regiment Veteran 2 18-20 p/s* Scottish Infantry Regiment Veteran 2 12-16 p/s* German Infantry Regiment Veteran 1 18 p/s* German Infantry Regiment Regular 3 16-20 p/s* Life Guard Horse Trotter Elite 1 12 S Finnish Horse Galloper Veteran 2 6-9 S Swedish Horse Trotter Veteran 2 6-9 S German Horse Trotter Veteran 4 6-9 S German Horse Trotter Regular 12 6-9 S Demi-Cannon Artillery Regular 3 - S Demi-Culverin Artillery Regular 4 - S *Battalion Gun Artillery - - - S The tables on this page shows the Swedish and Imperial armies which campaigned during 1635-41 and fought at the Battle of Wittstock. Army: The Imperial/Saxon Army 1635-41 Commander: Hatzfeld Generals: Marrazino, Kalkstein, Wildberg, Ulhefeld Imperial Infantry Later Tercio Veteran 2 16 p/s* Imperial Infantry Later Tercio Regular 4 16 p/s* League Infantry Later Tercio Veteran 1 16 p/s* Saxon Infantry Regiment Regular 3 16 p/s* Imperial Cuirassier Trotter Veteran 4 8-10 S Imperial Cuirassier Trotter Regular 8 8-10 S Imperial Arquebusier Caracole Regular 1 10 S Imperial Dragoon Dragoon Regular 2 8-10 S Croat Horse Skirmish Regular 2 8-10 S Cossack Horse Skirmish Regular 1 6-8 S Demi-Cannon Artillery Regular 2 - S Demi-Culverin Artillery Regular 1 - S Falcon Artillery Regular 2 - S *Battalion Gun Artillery - - - S
Army: The Imperial/Bavarian Army 1638 Commander: Werth Generals: Savelli, Gotz Imperial Infantry Later Tercio Veteran 1 16 p/s* Imperial Infantry Later Tercio Regular 1 20 p/s* Bavarian Infantry Later Tercio Veteran 2 16-24 p/s* Bavarian Infantry Later Tercio Regular 3 16-24 p/s* Imperial Cuirassier Trotter Veteran 1 8 S Imperial Cuirassier Trotter Regular 1 10 S Imperial Horse Trotter Regular 2 8-10 S Imperial Dragoon Dragoon Regular 1 8 S Bavarian Cuirassier Trotter Veteran 2 8-16 S Bavarian Cuirassier Trotter Regular 3 8-16 S Bavarian Horse Trotter Regular 2 8 S Bavarian Dragoon Dragoon Regular 2 8 S Bavarian Arquebusier Caracole Regular 1 8 S Croat Horse Skirmish Regular 2 8-10 S Cossack Horse Skirmish Regular 1 6-8 S Demi-Cannon Artillery Regular 3 - S Demi-Culverin Artillery Regular 1 - S Falcon Artillery Regular 1 - S *Battalion Gun Artillery - - - S This table shows the Imperial and Bavarian that fought Bernhard of Sax-Weimars French/German army at the Battle of Rheinfelden in 1638.
Army: The Weimarian Army 1638 Commander: Sax-Weimar Generals: Taupadel Life Guard Foot Regiment Elite 1 8 S French Infantry Regiment Veteran 3 12-16 p/s* French Infantry Regiment Regular 4 12-16 p/s* Scottish Infantry Regiment Veteran 1 12 p/s* Irish Infantry Regiment Veteran 1 12 p/s* German Infantry Regiment Veteran 1 20 p/s* German Infantry Regiment Regular 7 12-36 p/s* Life Guard Horse Trotter Elite 1 3 S French Horse Galloper Veteran 1 8 S French Horse Galloper Regular 2 8 S German Horse Trotter Veteran 2 8-12 S German Horse Trotter Regular 8 8-12 S German Dragoon Dragoon Regular 1 14 S Demi-Cannon Artillery Regular 1 1 S Demi-Culverin Artillery Regular 3 3 S *Battalion Guns Artillery - - - S The table above shows the combined French and German forces commanded by Bernhard of Sax-Weimar during 1638 and which fought at the Battle of Rheinfelden in 1638. A description of the French forces follows later in this section.
Army: The Imperial Army 1642-45 Commander: Archduke Leopold Generals: Piccolomini, Gonzaga, Borneval, Suys, Puchheim Imperial Infantry Later Tercio Veteran 4 16-20 p/s* Imperial Infantry Later Tercio Regular 6 16-20 p/s* Guard Cuirassier Trotter Elite 2 6 S Imperial Cuirassier Trotter Veteran 4 8-10 S Imperial Cuirassier Trotter Regular 16 8-10 S Imperial Horse Trotter Regular 3 8-10 S Imperial Arquebusier Caracole Regular 2 8-10 S Imperial Dragoon Dragoon Regular 1 8 S Croat Horse Skirmish Regular 4 8-10 S Demi-Cannon Artillery Regular 1 - S Demi-Culverin Artillery Regular 6 - S Falcon Artillery Regular 2 - S *Battalion Guns Artillery Regular - - S This table shows the Imperial army commanded by Archduke Leopold Habsburg during the 1642 to 45 campaign and which fought at the Battles of Breitenfeld (second battle) and Jankow. Army: The Swedish Army 1642-45 Commander: Torstensson Generals: Wittenberg, Stalhansk, Lilliehook, Wrangel, Lillie, Schlang, Konigsmarck Swedish Infantry Regiment Veteran 3 16-20 p/s* German Infantry Regiment Veteran 1 20 p/s* German Infantry Regiment Regular 6 16-20 p/s* Life Guard Horse Trotter Elite 1 12 S Finnish Horse Galloper Veteran 2 8-12 S German Horse Trotter Veteran 4 8-12 S German Horse Trotter Regular 14 8-12 S Demi-Cannon Artillery Regular 3 - S Demi-Culverin Artillery Regular 3 - S *Battalion Guns Artillery Regular - - S The table above shows the Swedish army commanded by Lennart Torstensson during the 1642 to 45 campaign and which fought at the Battles of Breitenfeld (second battle) and Jankow.