Summer movements of juvenile salmonids in the Upper Chehalis River

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Summer movements of juvenile salmonids in the Upper Chehalis River John Winkowski Mara Zimmerman Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Chehalis Basin Technical Meeting, September 22, 2015

Key questions for juvenile salmonids Do fish use the dam site? When do fish use the site? What direction are the fish coming from? How far are fish coming from?

Cascade

Recap of 2013 what we learned Juvenile salmonids move upstream and downstream through the dam location throughout the summer Individual fish move into tributaries from mainstem Individual fish move upstream in early morning and downstream in early evening 300 250 200 150 100 50 Total number of directional movements350 0 Downstream Upstream

Key questions for juvenile salmonids Do fish use the dam site? YES When do fish use the site? ALL SUMMER What direction are the fish coming from? How far are fish coming from?

Study design - 2014 Do fish use the dam site? When do fish use the site? What direction are the fish coming from? How far are fish coming from? Connectivity footprint Downstream Dam site/ PIT array 14 km Upstream

Fish species studied in 2014 Juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Juvenile Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

How are juvenile fish using the potentially impacted area during summer low flows? Do fish use the dam site? When do fish use the site? What direction are the fish coming from? How far are fish coming from?

Do fish use the dam site? YES Chinook O. mykiss Distance (km) Tagged % detected Tagged % detected 7.5 0 NA 24 4 5.7 67 64 45 20 3.71) Fish 14 are using 7 the dam 29 site 28 2) Percentages 1.9 28 of 18fish detected 69 gives 16us 0.4 43 70 32 69 confidence to draw inferences from data -0.4 49 6 90 93-1.4 28 0 51 0-3.6 52 0 24 4-5.5 43 0 49 8-7.3 35 0 17 6 Total 359 23 % 430 33 %

How are juvenile fish using the potentially impacted area during summer low flows? Do fish use the dam site? When do fish use the site? What direction are the fish coming from? How far are fish coming from?

When do fish use the dam site? Throughout summer months X X

How are juvenile fish using the potentially impacted area during summer low flows? Do fish use the dam site? When do fish use the site? What direction are the fish coming from? How far are fish coming from?

O. mykiss: what factors predict arrival at dam site? glm(), aictab() Detected ~ Direction + Distance + Length + Condition + Direction:Distance + Direction:Length + Direction:Condition, Direction:Condition family=binomial Detected (y/n) ~ Direction + Distance + Condition + Direction:Distance + Connectivity footprint Downstream Dam site PIT array Upstream

Detected (y/n) ~ Direction + Distance + Condition + Direction:Distance + Direction:Condition If tagged upstream, more fish detected from farther away If tagged downstream, less fish detected from farther away

Detected (y/n) ~ Direction + Distance + Condition + Direction:Distance + Direction:Condition If tagged upstream, no influence of fish condition If tagged downstream, most detections were fish in poor condition

Chinook: What factors predict arrival?

Most Chinook moved downstream, not upstream

Chinook: what factors predict arrival at dam site? Upstream tagged fish only Distance, Length, Condition did NOT improve Detected ~ Distance + Length + Condition prediction of which tagged Chinook moved downstream Connectivity footprint Downstream Dam site PIT array Upstream

How long between tagging and first detection? Connectivity footprint Downstream Dam site PIT array Upstream

O. mykiss: How long between tagging and first detection? glm(), aictab() Time to first detection ~ Direction + Distance + Length + Condition + Direction:Distance + Direction:Length + Direction:Condition, family = Gamma Connectivity footprint Downstream Dam site PIT array Upstream

O. mykiss tagged downstream arrived quicker than O. mykiss tagged upstream

Chinook: How long between tagging and first detection? Distance, Length, Condition did NOT improve Chinook tagged upstream only prediction of when tagged Chinook moved Time to first detection ~ Distance + Length + Condition downstream Connectivity footprint Downstream Dam site PIT array Upstream

Summary Usage of the dam site occurred throughout summer low flow period Juvenile salmonids arrived from distances up to 7 km Juvenile salmonids upstream of dam site behave differently than fish downstream Connectivity footprint Downstream Dam site PIT array Upstream

Summary O. mykiss O. mykiss arrived from both an upstream and downstream direction O. mykiss from downstream were in poorer condition and arrived quickly during study period O. mykiss from upstream arrived over an extended period of time regardless of condition Connectivity footprint Downstream Dam site PIT array Upstream

Summary Chinook Chinook arrived from upstream but not from downstream Arrival of Chinook was not dependent on distance or fish characteristics Connectivity footprint Downstream Dam site PIT array Upstream

Discussion Dam site is an important migration corridor during summer low flow periods For 2 years, we ve documented extensive movements throughout the summer Benefits of horizontal migrations in upper Chehalis are unknown

Restoration implications Factors that restore river connectivity (e.g., dam and culvert removal) are important The scale of restoration and protection actions is important Restoration question: restore continuous reach vs. multiple smaller reaches?

Acknowledgements West Fork Environmental, Weyerhaeuser, Panesko Tree Farm Fish Ecology and Life Cycle Monitoring Unit: Thomas Buehrens, Kale Bentley, Patrick Hanratty, Trevor Johnson, Jamie Lamperth Ben Truscott (WDFW) Funding: Washington State legislature WDFW technicians: Richard Visser II, Matthew Hobin, Amy Edwards, Noelia Ragland, Riley Freeman, Brianna Murphy, Eric Walther

Juvenile salmonid movements during summer low flows

Discussion Challenges the previous idea that juvenile salmonids maintain relatively small home-ranges during summer months What factors are contributing to these movements (i.e. temperature)?

Downstream/upstream tagging sites Downstream Upstream

Tagging Interrogation period X

Smaller Chinook took longer to arrive than larger Chinook

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