Inventory of the William Hammond Hall Papers, No online items

http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf4q2nb00m No online items Processed by Jenan Shabbas; supplementary encoding and revision supplied by Xiuzhi Zhou. California State Archives 1020 "O" Street Sacramento, California 95814 Phone: (916) 653-2246 Fax: (916) 653-7363 Email: ArchivesWeb@sos.ca.gov URL: http://www.sos.ca.gov/archives/ 2000 California Secretary of State. All rights reserved. 91-07-04, 91-06-10 1

Inventory: 91-07-04, 91-06-10 California State Archives Office of the Secretary of State Sacramento, California Contact Information: California State Archives 1020 "O" Street Sacramento, California 95814 Phone: (916) 653-2246 Fax: (916) 653-7363 Email: ArchivesWeb@sos.ca.gov URL: http://www.sos.ca.gov/archives/ Processed by: Jenan Shabbas Date Completed: July 1996 2000 California Secretary of State. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: William Hammond Hall Papers, Date (inclusive): 1878-1907 Inventory: 91-07-04, 91-06-10 Creator: Hall, William Hammond Extent: see Arrangement and Description Repository: California State Archives Sacramento, California Language: English. Publication Rights For permission to reproduce or publish, please contact the California State Archives. Permission for reproduction or publication is given on behalf of the California State Archives as the owner of the physical items. The researcher assumes all responsibility for possible infringement which may arise from reproduction or publication of materials from the California State Archives collections. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], William Hammond Hall Papers, 91-07-04, 91-06-10, California State Archives. Introduction The William Hammond Hall Papers described in this inventory cover the years 1878 to 1907. Although Hall only served as State Engineer until 1889, some maps and miscellaneous papers date up to 1907 due to the fact that this record group was housed as documents still in use with the Department of Water Resources (DWR) until 1991. The William Hammond Hall Papers came to the California State Archives throughout 1991. Joseph P. Samora, Archivist II, coordinated the transfer of these records. Not only did this include working with DWR to negotiate the transfer of the majority of the records, but Mr. Samora also had to obtain miscellaneous field books from a private law firm and the State Lands Commission to whom DWR had loaned materials for litigation purposes. Mr. Samora began the processing of the collection as he was working to bring it together to be housed at the Archives. This included comparing the collection against two lists provided by DWR, one for the field books and the other for the maps. The final processing, including preparation of this inventory and arrangement of the miscellaneous papers subgroup was conducted by Jenan Shabbas, graduate student volunteer, in 1996. 91-07-04, 91-06-10 2

J. Michael McKown, Senior Boundary Determination Officer for the State Lands Commission, stated that the William Hammond Hall Papers are the most comprehensive historical account of water supply, irrigation and natural waterways in California in the 1880s. They provide valuable evidence... to determine the historic locations of the State's waterways, information critical to defining the nature and extent of the State's sovereign ownership interests in and along these waterways. In the absence of reliable survey data such as these records, thousands of dollars must be expended for soils analysis, vegetation studies and other research to establish historic conditions. 1 The entire record group is open for research without restrictions under the conditions of the California State Archives' access policies. However, many of the maps, field books, and miscellaneous papers are extremely fragile, and, where possible, use copies may be made available to researchers to avoid wear and tear on the original records. At the discretion of the reference archivist, records may be copied for scholarly or personal research. Researchers are responsible for obtaining copyright permission to use material in publication. The suggested citation to these records is State Engineer--William Hammond Hall Papers. AC 91-07-04 [or AC 91-06-10 if using the Miscellaneous Papers subgroup]. California State Archives. Footnote: 1 J. Michael McKown, letter to Joseph P. Samora, 13 December 1991, California State Archives, Sacamento, California. Agency History William Hammond Hall served as California's first State Engineer from 1878 to 1889. During those years, Hall surveyed and reported on the state's water resources, both calling attention to problems and recommending solutions. Hall's examinations still serve as the most extensive study of California's water systems to date, the scale of which, considering the fiscal situation of California's state government, is likely never to be matched. Hall was born in Hagerstown, Maryland on 12 February 1846. In 1853 Hall's parents, John Buchanan and Anna Maria Hall, brought the family to California where Hall was educated in private academies from 1858 to 1865. His parents' plans for him to attend West Point Military Academy were abandoned due to the Civil War, and shortly after the war he began his engineering career by serving as a computer and draughtsman in the office of Colonel R.S. Williamson of the U.S. Engineer Corps. In this position, Hall's first field assignment was as an assistant in the barometric measuring of snow-clad peaks in Oregon. After returning from Oregon, Hall worked as a rodman and then a surveyor under the U.S. Board of Engineers for the Pacific Coast. This agency was working on topographic surveys to determine how harbors should be fortified, a charge which took Hall from San Diego Harbor to Neah Bay, then the most southern and northern harbors on the Pacific Coast of the U.S. While working for the Board of Engineers, Hall also gained experience in studying river systems by surveying the rapids of the Willamette and Columbia Rivers in order to improve navigation of these important waterways. 1 Upon returning to California, Hall did hydrographic work for the harbors in San Diego and San Francisco then directed the topographic contouring of the San Francisco peninsula, focusing especially on the Presidio area and Point Lobos. In 1870 the first Board of Park Commissioners of San Francisco awarded Hall the contract for a topographic survey of the Golden Gate Reservation. That year Hall also married Emma Kate Fitzhugh with whom he would later have three daughters. Following his work for the Park Commissioners, Hall was appointed the Engineer and Superintendent of Parks in San Francisco. He served in this position, planning and improving Golden Gate Park, until 1876. 2 From 1876 to 1878 Hall worked for the Nevada Bank (which later became the Bank of California) where he was in charge of extensive land and water properties owned by the bank in the San Joaquin Valley. Here he gained his first extensive knowledge of irrigation works, the documentation of which would soon become his greatest achievement. 3 In 1878 Governor William Irwin appointed Hall to the newly created post of State Engineer. There Hall was re-appointed four times until his resignation in February 1889. Two major causes motivated the California Legislature to create the position of State Engineer. One was the long and devastating drought that had virtually destroyed the cattle industry in Southern California and drove countless small and marginal farmers off their land due to lack of adequate irrigation. Additionally, floods in Northern California were wreaking havoc, frequently resulting from improper drainage and a lack of adequate flood control measures. The Legislature of 1878 charged the State Engineer with investigating the problems of irrigation, the condition of drainage lines, and the improvement of river navigation. At the same time, the Legislature appropriated $100,000 for the position. 4 There existed two views of what the State Engineer was to accomplish. One, held by those who voted for the creation of the office simply to placate agitators, wanted no radical changes and viewed the position as needing and having little power and even less funding. The other side, believing that any action taken by the State needed to be based on solid investigations of California's water resources, viewed the State Engineer's position as the means of gaining the necessary knowledge on which to formulate policy. This group of legislators felt their role was to act on the recommendations of the State Engineer. 5 91-07-04, 91-06-10 3

Hall's first action as State Engineer was to send out parties to investigate various rivers and the lands surrounding them. These parties, led by assistant engineers whose names would eventually gain fame in their own right (Grunsky, Boschke, Schuyler, and Mendell to name a few), continued throughout Hall's tenure to supply the State with vital information regarding California's water resources. Their studies served as the raw data and observations behind Hall's reports to the Legislature. 6 Hall's suggestions to the Legislature focused on his opinion that the State must take it upon itself to regulate California's water resources. Hall felt that the Legislature should first survey the extent and nature of existing water rights and then take on the role of issuing water privileges. He recommended that the lawmakers and the courts carefully study and provide for a solution to the problems presented by the competing interests of riparian proprietors and appropriators. During his tenure as State Engineer, Hall supported the organization of irrigation districts as the best means of financing and regulating irrigation works. Hall's reports to the Legislature all included brief histories of California's water system, for he felt that only through understanding how the state's systems came into being could lawmakers intelligently plan for the future. The nucleus of Hall's recommendations came down to planning. He advocated that the State should selectively apportion water based on comprehensive technical observations carried out over years of study, a long but necessary time period due to the lack of adequate documentation of water usage up to that time. 7 By 1881 Hall and his assistants had conducted massive amounts of research, which were used not only to make recommendations for action to the Legislature but also would later go into the publication of Hall's landmark work on irrigation. In 1881 Hall asked the Legislature for $50,000 to complete his research. The Legislature gave him $20,000, an insufficient amount which forced Hall to continue his research by paying for much of it out of his own pocket. By the end of 1882 Hall was under attack by members of the Legislature and the press, a matter which he attributed to his stance against the Drainage Act of 1880. Somehow, despite his adversaries' efforts Hall managed to garner enough funding to produce and publish two volumes of his work on irrigation. Then in 1889 the Legislature voted to abolish the office of State Engineer and instead make the State Mineralogist the ex-officio State Engineer for the next two years. With his position abolished, Hall offered to stay on as an unpaid consultant in order to collect the final data for the rest of his irrigation study, needing only $6,000 for staff and expenses. He was denied, however, and the labor which he had put into the final two volumes of his work went to waste. 8 In 1906 the office of State Engineer was re-established and a year later the Department of Engineering created. Although this agency did resume Hall's labors, the time lapse was too great to be overcome. The department asserted, in 1914, that to discontinue the State Engineering Department and its labors at a time when... it was getting on its feet was a blunder little short of a crime. Their report went on to declare that the Legislature's actions of 1889 had cost the State valuable time in putting together and implementing a workable water policy. 9 In the end, Hall and the position of State Engineer fell victim to the bureaucracy of government and politics. Hall, in advocating sweeping changes in the State's policies regarding water rights and appropriation, made instant adversaries of some of the most powerful individuals and organizations in California, those in control of the water who had secured the favors of countless members of the Legislature. Hall was a man of strong beliefs. As Charles Korr explains, He looked at the entire water problem with the view of a man completely convinced of the absolute wisdom of his plans. Unfortunately, Hall, refusing to compromise on what he felt was a correct opinion based on sound research, was destined to failure when attacking and being attacked by those who wished to maintain the status quo, especially considering his lack of political background and knowledge. 10 Hall did go on, however, to develop a prosperous career despite his disappointment with the California Legislature. Only a month after he resigned his post as State Engineer in 1889, Hall was appointed to the State Examining Commission on Rivers and Harbors, from which he soon resigned, and served as Supervising Engineer on the U.S. Geological Survey to investigate irrigation. From 1890 to 1896 Hall worked in private practice as a civil engineer, in charge of irrigation and water supply work in Southern and Central California and in Washington. From 1890 to 1891 he also worked as consulting engineer to the Northern Pacific Railway. Then in 1896 Hall left California to work in Europe and South Africa, where he spent the next three years constructing a plant to supply water to the mines around Johannesburg, consulting on irrigation and water works in London, and reporting to the Russian Minister of Agriculture on irrigation and canal projects in the transcaucus and central Asia. Hall returned to California in 1900 where he managed properties for investment and development, acquiring land in the Lake Eleanor and Cherry Creek watersheds which later were selected as water supply areas for San Francisco. Hall died at the age of 88 in San Francisco in October 1934. 11 As Charles Korr explains, if the State Engineer were to be judged by the number of irrigation works constructed under his administration, Hall would be deemed a failure, for during his tenure the State began little in the way of actual construction. However, what Hall did leave to California is impossible to measure. His emphasis on planning based on thorough technical observations would serve as a rule of thumb for those who would later build upon Hall's beginnings and construct the State's revolutionary water systems. These engineers of the 20th century followed Hall's lead in looking at California's 91-07-04, 91-06-10 4

water and irrigation problem not only from its technical aspects but also in its social and political contexts, which had always been, and remain, strong forces in planning any water resources management policies in California. The suggestions put forward by the State Engineer in 1907 and 1927 are almost identical to Hall's recommendations of 1880. Later when Edward Hyatt, the father of the Central Valley Project, began his work in the 1930s, his ideas were strongly reminiscent of Hall's report made to the Board of Directors of the Central Valley Irrigation District decades earlier, in which he envisioned a system of canals for the San Joaquin Valley that would provide drainage and a water supply. Finally, not to be negated, are the priceless maps left as part of Hall's legacy, maps which today tell us much not only about the water systems of California in the past but also about how our present systems came into being. 12 When in 1889 Hall lamented that there had been no move made to plan for irrigation in California, he attributed the inaction to being simply for the reason that there is a lack of knowledge of what can be done and a lack of organization and capital to carry it out. 13 Today, Hall would be proud to know that, although he could do little to instigate organization or garner funding, he is now pointed to as the forerunner in helping California gain the knowledge it needed to begin planning for water policy. A knowledge and planning that have saved California's water resources from serious jeopardy in the past and will continue to do well into the future. Footnotes: 1 Franklin Harper, editor, Who's Who on the Pacific Coast (Los Angeles: Harper Publishing Company, 1913), 243-44; Press Reference Library (Western Edition), Notables of the West (New York: International News Service, 1913), 421. 2 Harper, Who's Who, 243-44; Press Reference Library, 421; San Francisco Chronicle, 17 October 1934, 13:5. 3 Harper, Who's Who, 243-44; Press Reference Library, 421. 4 Charles P. Korr, William Hammond Hall: The Failure of Attempts at State Water Planning in California, 1878-1888 Southern California Quarterly 45 (December 1963): 307; Elsey Hurt, California State Government: An Outline of its Administrative Organization from 1850 to 1936, vol. 1 (Berkeley: Bureau of Public Administration of the University of California, 1936 and 1939), 219-20. 5 Korr, William Hammond Hall, 307. 6 Korr, William Hammond Hall, 308. 7 Korr, William Hammond Hall, 308-11. 8 Korr, William Hammond Hall, 311-14; Hurt, California State Government, vol. 1, 219-20. 9 Korr, William Hammond Hall, 311-14; Hurt, California State Government, vol. 1, 219-20. 10 Korr, William Hammond Hall, 315-17. 11 Harper, Who's Who, 243-44; Press Reference Library, 421; San Francisco Chronicle, 17 October 1934, 13:5. 12 Korr, William Hammond Hall, 314-18; William Kahrl, editor, The California Water Atlas (Sacramento: State of California, 1978 and 1979), 90. 13 William Hammond Hall, Irrigation in California National Geographic Magazine 1 (1889): 290. Contents Although William Hammond Hall served as State Engineer only until 1889, the Hall Papers cover the years 1878 to 1907 because the records were housed until 1991 as documents still in use by the Department of Water Resources (DWR) where they became somewhat intermingled with those of later time periods. The majority of the records, however, date to 1889, and only a few scattered reports, field books, and maps are from later time periods. The record group has been broken into subgroups by type of records. These subgroups reflect the divisions apparent in the records when they were transferred from DWR. The subgroups are miscellaneous working papers, field books, and maps. The majority of this record group is made up of the field books, covering the years 1878 to 1907, which were kept by Hall and his assistants as they gathered technical information on California's water systems. The field books cover various regions throughout the state, primarily, but not limited to, Southern California and the Central Valley. The books include notes, statistics, residents' observations, charts, tables, and miscellaneous diary entries. They also contain information still valued today relating to water rights and property ownership. The miscellaneous working papers, which arrived in no discernible order, had largely been left untouched since Hall's time. These records are primarily reports and various supporting data compiled for inclusion or use in Hall's irrigation studies. Of these studies, Hall was only appropriated funds to publish two volumes, leaving the final two volumes he intended to produce unfinished. While some of the records in this subgroup include reports on Southern California, which was covered in volume two of Hall's work, the majority of these documents cover the Central Valley, which Hall had planned to address in the third volume. This subgroup has been arranged according to the subject covered by each report or supporting matter, such as canals and ditches, irrigation, rivers and watersheds, and rainfall, for example. Aside from the Canals and 91-07-04, 91-06-10 5

Ditches series, which is organized according to a preliminary table of contents found with the records, each subject series is then organized by type of document (reports, charts and tables, correspondence, newspaper clippings, etc.) and, where applicable, separated by region and arranged alphabetically. The map subgroup, which includes 83 original maps and various duplicates, has been left in the arrangement in which it arrived from DWR. The numbering system is also DWR's. The maps are valuable tools in discerning what the state's water and irrigation systems were like during Hall's time. They provide the first extensive and comprehensive study of water in California conducted with strict scientific and technical methods. As such, they can provide researchers with immeasurable information, for they indicate not only watershed areas, drainage systems, and irrigation works, but also land ownership and land grants, soil classification, and crops. Aside from the maps, all of the records in this record group are textual documents. Most of the written documents, apart from field books and charts and tables, are typed. There are also some handwritten copies/drafts of the reports. Works Consulted Hall, William Hammond. William Hammond Hall Collection. California State Library; Sacramento, California. -----. Irrigation in California. National Geographic Magazine 1 (1889): 277-290. -----. Irrigation Development: History, Customs, Laws and Administrative Systems Relating to Irrigations, Water-courses, and Waters in France, Italy, and Spain. Vol. I of Report of State Engineer of California, on Irrigation and the Irrigation Question. Sacramento: State Printing, 1886. -----. Irrigation in Southern California: The Field, Water Supply and Works, Organization, and Operation in San Diego, San Bernadino, and Los Angeles Counties. Vol. II of Report of State Engineer of California, on Irrigation and the Irrigation Question. Sacramento: State Office, 1888. Harper, Franklin, editor. Who's Who on the Pacific Coast. Los Angeles: Harper Publishing Company, 1913. Hurt, Elsey. California State Government: An Outline of its Administrative Organization from 1850 to 1936. 2 vols. Berkeley: Bureau of Public Administration of the University of California, 1936 and 1939. Kahrl, William, editor. The California Water Atlas. Sacramento: State of California, 1978 and 1979. Korr, Charles P. William Hammond Hall: The Failure of Attempts at State Water Planning in California, 1878-1888. Southern California Quarterly 45 (December 1963): 305-22. Press Reference Library (Western Edition), Notables of the West. New York: International News Service, 1913. I. Miscellaneous Working Papers, 1876-1890 (AC 91-07-04) Physical Description: 4.5 cubic feet 1. Canals and Ditches ca. 1880s Physical Description: 2 cubic feet Scope and Content Note Arranged according to a preliminary table of contents found with the records. Matter intended to be in the third volume of Hall's irrigation report, a volume that was never published. This material relates to irrigation works (canals and ditches) primarily located in the Central Valley, although there is some information about other parts of Southern and Northern California. The reports vary widely from general descriptions of the irrigation works drawing water from particular rivers to specific information about particular ditches and their ownership, history, etc. In addition to reports, this series also includes some notes and surveys. 91-07-04, 91-06-10 6

I. Miscellaneous Working Papers, 1876-1890 (AC 91-07-04) 2. Rivers and Watersheds ca. 1880s 2. Rivers and Watersheds ca. 1880s Physical Description:.5 cubic feet (1 oversize box) Scope and Content Note Organized by type of document then by area, alphabetically Reports, tables, and correspondence dealing with specific rivers and watershed areas in and around the Central Valley. The reports contain general information about each area covered, while the flow tables and correspondence give details relating to river capacity and flow. 3. General Irrigation Information ca. 1870s-1880s Physical Description:.75 cubic feet Scope and Content Note Arranged by type of document then by county or region, alphabetically Irrigation reports, residents statements, and surveys on various counties throughout California. These are broad reports that touch on rivers, watersheds, drainage areas, irrigation works, irrigation patterns, crops, and irrigation owners and users. 4. Water Rights and Claims ca. 1863-1885 Physical Description:.25 cubic feet Scope and Content Note Arranged by type of document then by number or county/region, alphabetically The majority of this series is made up of indexes and/or transcripts of court decisions dealing with water rights. Also included is information on specific filings or claims to water. 5. Rainfall Records ca. 1881-1887 Physical Description:.5 cubic feet Scope and Content Note Arranged by type of document, the correspondence is then arranged chronologically This series includes newspaper clippings, records left by one of Hall's assistant engineers, C.E. Grunsky, and correspondence. The majority of the series is made up of letters from persons throughout California who were responsible for keeping track of rainfall meters near their homes or places of business and for regularly reporting to Hall on the tabulations they collected. 6. Irrigation District Reports ca. 1880s Physical Description:.25 cubic feet Scope and Content Note Arranged by type of document; the reports are then arranged alphabetically This series contains documents relating to particular irrigation districts, their organization, policies and procedures, ownership, etc. The reports are based on a list of survey questions that are included in the series. 91-07-04, 91-06-10 7

I. Miscellaneous Working Papers, 1876-1890 (AC 91-07-04) 7. Miscellaneous ca. 1870s-1890 7. Miscellaneous ca. 1870s-1890 Physical Description:.25 cubic feet Scope and Content Note Arranged by type of document These are records that do not belong in any of the aforementioned series and couldn't constitute series in their own rights. They include reports, lists, notebooks, a map, fiscal papers, and engineering diagrams/formulas. II. Field Books, 1878-1907 (AC 91-07-04) Physical Description: 10 cubic feet Scope and Content Note Arranged generally by type of book then by region (as listed when received from DWR) This sub-group has no series other than each individual field book. The field books cover regions throughout the state They include notes, statistics, charts, tables, and diary entries relating to travel and business. III. Maps, 1874-1905 Physical Description: 104 maps (83 originals and various duplicates) Scope and Content Note Arranged as listed and numbered when received from DWR This sub-group also has no series other than the individual maps. The maps cover primarily irrigation, watersheds, and property ownership. I. Miscellaneous Working Papers Series 1. Canals and Ditches Folder 1:1 Preliminary Table of Contents ca. 1880s Folder 1:2 Survey Questions (Irrigation: Organization, History and Management) ca. 1880s Kern River Folder 1:3 Kern River Canals and Ditches ca. 1880s Folder 1:4 The Practice of Irrigation in San Joaquin Valley, Kern River District ca. 1880s Folder 1:5 Misc. notes ca. 1880s Folder 1:6 Deer Creek District ca. 1880s Tule River Folder 1:7 Tule River District ca. 1880s Folder 1:8 Tule River Ditches, 1885 1885 Folder 1:9 Misc. reports and notes ca. 1880s Kaweah River Folder 1:10 Kaweah River Irrigation Works, 1885 (list) 1885 Folder 1:11 Kaweah River Canals, 1885 1885 Folder 1:12 Kaweah River Canal Rearrangement, 1888 1888 Folder 1:13-14 Misc. reports ca. 1880s Physical Description: (2 folders) Folder 1:15 Folder 1:16 Folder 2:17-18 Kaweah River District ca. 1880s Notes and tables supporting district report ca. 1880s Kings River Canal descriptions ca. 1880s Physical Description: (2 folders) Folder 2:19 Folder 2:20-21 Various individual canal reports ca. 1880s Canal descriptions (handwritten) ca. 1880s Physical Description: (2 folders) 91-07-04, 91-06-10 8

I. Miscellaneous Working Papers Series 1. Canals and Ditches Folder 2:22 Folder 2:23-24 Documents supporting canal reports ca. 1880s Survey Responses supporting canal reports ca. 1880s Physical Description: (2 folders) Folder 3:25 Kings River District ca. 1880s Folder 3:26 Kings River, Extent of Irrigation, 1885 1885 Folder 3:27 Mussel Slough ca. 1880s Folder 3:28 Wildflower District ca. 1880s Folder 3:29 76 Country ca. 1880s Folder 3:30 Laguna de Tache District ca. 1880s San Joaquin River Folder 3:31 Diversion of Water from San Joaquin River ca. 1880s Folder 3:32 Misc. canal reports ca. 1880s Folder 3:33 San Joaquin and Kings River Canal ca. 1880s Folder 3:34 Misc. canal reports (handwritten) ca. 1880s Folder 3:35 Fresno River ca. 1880s Folder 3:36 Chowchilla River ca. 1880s Merced River Folder 3:37 Merced River Canals and Ditches, 1886 1886 Folder 3:38 Misc. canal reports ca. 1880s Folder 3:39 Stanislaus County and Tuolomne County ca. 1880s Folder 3:40 Calaveras County and San Joaquin County ca. 1880s Folder 3:41 Stanislaus River ca. 1880s Folder 3:42 Tuolomne River ca. 1880s Folder 4:43 American River ca. 1880s Folder 4:44 Mokelumne River ca. 1880s San Gabriel River Folder 4:45 Ditches from old San Gabriel River ca. 1870s-80s Folder 4:46 Ditches from new San Gabriel River ca. 1870s-80s Folder 4:47 Santa Ana River ca. 1870s-80s Folder 4:48 Southern California ca. 1870s-80s Folder 4:49 Yolo County ca. 1880s Folder 4:50 Canal Owners and Irrigators. Central Valley ca. 1880s Series 2. Rivers and Watersheds Oversize oversize Folder 5:51 Folder 5:52 Folder 5:53 Folder 5:54 Folder 5:55 Folder 5:56 Folder 5:57 Folder 5:58-59 Folder 5:60 Reports Watershed Areas of California ca. 1880s Central Valley (The Three Drainage Problems of the Valley) ca. 1880s Kings River ca. 1880s Sacramento River ca. 1880s San Joaquin Valley ca. 1880s Tulare and Fresno Counties ca. 1880s Flow Tables River Readings (index, by river) ca. 1870s-80s Sacramento River ca. 1870s-80s Correspondence (includes flow reports) ca. 1870s-80s Series 3. General Irrigation Information Folder 6:61 Folder 6:62 Folder 6:63 Folder 6:64 Folder 6:65 Reports Los Angeles County (Knox) ca. 1870s-80s Los Angeles County (Oldenburg) ca. 1870s-80s Los Angeles County (Schuyler) ca. 1870s-80s Los Angeles County (various) ca. 1870s-80s Placer County ca. 1880s 91-07-04, 91-06-10 9

I. Miscellaneous Working Papers Series 3. General Irrigation Information Folder 6:66 Folder 6:67 Folder 6:68-69 Sacramento County ca. 1880s San Bernadino County ca. 1880s San Joaquin County ca. 1880s Physical Description: (2 folders) Folder 6:70 Folder 6:71 Folder 7:72 Folder 7:73 Folder 7:74 Folder 7:75 Folder 7:76 Folder 7:77 Tulare County ca. 1880s Yolo County ca. 1880s Central Valley ca. 1880s San Joaquin Valley ca. 1880s Residents Statements General ca. 1880s Fresno County ca. 1880s Tulare County ca. 1880s Surveys ca. 1880s Series 4. Water Rights and Claims Court Decisions Folder 7:78 Water, Water Rights, Irrigation, Reservoirs. Index #1 to Supreme Court Decisions. State of California. ca. 1880s Folder 7:79 Water, Water Rights, Irrigation, Reservoirs. Index #2 to Supreme Court Decisions. State of California and Arizona Territory. ca. 1880s Folder 7:80 Water, Water Rights, Irrigation, Reservoirs. Index to Supreme Court Decisions. State of California. ca. 1880s Folder 7:81 No. 1. Water Rights and Right to Use Water. Supreme Court Decisions. Vol. 1 to 62, p. 1 to 31 and Transcripts, p. 34 to 88. State of California. ca. 1880s Folder 7:82 No. 2. Water, Water Rights, and Irrigation. Supreme Court Decisions. States of California, Nevada, Colorado, and Oregon. ca. 1880s Folder 7:83 No. 3. Water, Water Rights, and Irrigation. Supreme Court Decisions. State of California. ca. 1880s Filings/Claims Folder 7:84-85 Amador County 1863-1885 Physical Description: (2 folders) Folder 7:86 Kern County 1885 Folder 7:87 Mariposa County 1854-1878 Folder 7:88 Memoranda of Water Rights and Claims upon the waters of the Fresno, San Joaquin, and Kings Rivers to 1879 Series 5. Rainfall Records Folder 8:89 Newspaper Clippings ca. 1870s-80s Folder 8:90 Grunsky Monthly Rainfall Records ca. 1870s-80s Folder 8:91-96 Correspondence 1881-1887 Physical Description: (6 folders) Series 6. Irrigation District Reports Folder 9:97 Folder 9:98 Folder 9:99 Folder 9:100 Folder 9:101 Questions in survey ca. 1880s List of reports ca. 1880s Modesto Irrigation District ca. 1880s Turlock Irrigation District ca. 1880s Various ca. 1880s Series 7. Miscellaneous 91-07-04, 91-06-10 10

I. Miscellaneous Working Papers Series 7. Miscellaneous Folder 9:102 Folder 9:103 Folder 9:104 Folder 9:105 Folder 9:106 Folder 9:107 Folder 9:108 Folder 9:109 Folder 9:110 Water and Land Corporations ca. 1880s Reservoir Report ca. 1880s Notebooks (shorthand) ca. 1870s-80s Lists of Names ca. 1880s Progress reports (mostly Schuyler, also Grunsky and Mendell) ca. 1880s Reports (not Hall time period) 1890s Fiscal Papers ca. 1880s Engineering diagrams/formulas ca. 1880s Partial map of unknown county ca. 1880s II. Field Books Part I Box 1, volume 1 Line no. 1, head of old river to Lacheim Slough on middle river. C.H. Kluegel, assistant in charge; E.E. Tucker, leveler; E.N. Moor, rodman. 1878 Box 1, volume 2 Line no. 2, mouth of Stanislaus to Moss Ferry, S.J. River. C.H. Kluegel, assistant in charge; E.E. Tucker, leveler; E.N. Moor, rodman. 1878 Box 1, volume 3 Line no. 2, Moss Ferry to head of Burn's Cut-Off, S. J. River. C.H. Kluegel, assistant in charge; E.E. Tucker, leveler; E.N. Moor, rodman. 1878 Box 1, volume 4 Line no. 2, head of Burn's Cut-Off to Station 1-72 opposite Mandeville Island. C.H. Kluegel, assistant in charge; E.E. Tucker, leveler; E.N. Moor, rodman. 1878 Box 1, volume 5 Line no. 3, from Station 0 to Station 99 and Cross sections from Station 17 to CPRR at Bant's Station and from Station 75 to SP&TRR at Bethany Station. Also cross sections from Tom Paine Slough to high land on line between McLaughlin and Rogle by C.H. Kluegel, E.E. Tucker, rodman. 1878 Box 1, volume 6 Line no. 3, from Station 100 to Station 410, old River S.J. Kluegel, assistant in charge; E.E. Tucker, leveler; E.N. Moor, rodman. 1878 Box 1, volume 7 Line no. 3 from Station 411 to end. Line no. 2 from Station 471 to end of line, and all of lines no. 4 to 7 mile station, and line no. 5 to 3 mile station. By C.H. Kluegel, assistant in charge. 1878 Box 1, volume 8 Line no. 6 from head of Steamboat Slough down old river to Rio Vista. By C.H. Kluegel. 1878 Box 1, volume 9 Lines no. 7 and 8 from Rio Vista to Collinsville. By C.H. Kluegel, assistant in charge; E.E. Tucker, leveler; E.N. Moor, rodman. 1878 Box 1, volume 10 Line no. 9, Feather River. By C.H. Kluegel, assistant in charge; E.E. Tucker, leveler; John M. Johnson Jr., rodman. 1878 Box 1, volume 11 Cross section on line no. 9 from Station 0 to 31. Feather River. By C.H. Kluegel, assistant in charge; E.E. Tucker, leveler; John M. Johnson Jr., rodman. 1878 Box 1, volume 12 Notes of line no. 11, Yuba River. By C.H. Kluegel, assistant in charge; E.E. Tucker, leveler; John M. Johnson Jr., rodman. 1878 Box 1, volume 13 Cross section on line no. 9 from Station 34 to 73. By C.H. Kluegel, assistant in charge; E.E. Tucker, leveler; John M. Johnson Jr., rodman. 1878 Box 1, volume 14 Cross section on line no. 9 from Station to end. By C.H. Kluegel, assistant in charge; E.E. Tucker, leveler; John M. Johnson Jr., rodman. 1878 Box 1, volume 15 Copy of Mr. Piersons level notes of line no. 10. Copied by Griffin and Smith. Sacramento River in Grays Bend. 1878 Box 1, volume 16 Levels of line along levee and drainage canal. By W. Bassett. (Level book #1) 1878 Box 1, volume 17 Levels from Grays Bend to Rio Vista. Sacramento River. By W. Bassett. (Level book #2) Box 1, volume 18 Levels for guaging station at Colusa, levels from south of Colusa to SED Line 1, line of levels down left bank of Sacramento River from SED Post to 7,200 ft above Mims Ferry. From above Mims Ferry to Mims Ferry, line no. 2 down right bank of Sacramento River Butte Slough section above Mims Ferry. Cross section of line on right bank of Sacramento River at Mims. By Boschke. (Level book #2A) 1878 Box 1, volume 19 Principle lines from Knights Landing to mouth of Feather River. By Boschke. (Level book #1B) 1878 91-07-04, 91-06-10 11

Part I Box 1, volume 20 Gauging section at Knights Landing. Sacramento River section 121 to section 92. Line of levels up Sycamore Slough, Station 7 + 63 down left bank of Sacramento River at Knights Landing. Section of line up Sycamore Slough level notes. Line from Station 0 at end of bridge over Sycamore Slough up road on levee to water gate opposite Station 4 + 5, Feather River, left and right banks. By Boschke. (Level book #2A) 1878 Box 2, volume 21 Cross sections of Sacramento River between Knights Landing and Freemont. By Boschke. (Level book #2B) 1878 Box 2, volume 22 Line up left bank of Sacramento River from Section 9 near mouth of Feather River to Section 1 at mouth of Sacramento Slough. Sacramento River near mouth of Feather River. Section 21 from left bank of Feather River. By Boschke. (Level book #3A) M. Manson, leveler; Wm. Fitzhugh, rodman. 1878 Box 2, volume 23 Cross sections of Sacramento River, line of water levels between Knights Landing and Freemont. Section across county station 403-50 of line 10. Crossing Sacramento River and running NE for a distance of 25.322. Section across country made by Reardon. Section across country on Section 119. 0 = Stake on right bank. By Boschke. (Level book #3B) 1879 Box 2, volume 24 Missing Box 2, volume 25 Feather, Bear, and Yuba Rivers, levels up right bank. By M. Manson. (Level book #2) 1878 Box 2, volume 26 Missing Box 2, volume 27 Carson and Deer Creek, four miles above Consumnes Suspension Bridge, Consumnes River above Live Oak, Dry Creek above and below Galt and Willow Slough. By Manson, Wm. Fitzhugh, E.N. Moore, leveler; J.M. Johnson, rodman. (Level book #4) 1878 Box 2, volume 28 Continuation of Consumnes Section at RR bridge and lines up Yuba River above Timbuctoo Dumps. By Manson, Wm. Fitzhugh. (Level book #5) 1879 Box 2, volume 29 Gauging surveys of North and South Honcut, Feather River, Table Mountain Creek, and Butte Creek. By Fitzhugh and Manson. (Level book #6) 1879 Box 2, volume 30 Gauging survey Butte Creek (continued) and Chico Creek. By Fitzhugh and Manson. (Level book #7) 1879 Box 2, volume 31 Survey of American River and current observations. By Boschke. (Level book #5) 1879 Box 2, volume 32 Gauging survey of Stoney Creek. Time of overflow commencing at Section 33 t.p. 14 NS4E toward Marysville. Line up Feather River from Tucker Bn at Mathews House about 5 miles from Marysville to Oroville. By Fitzhugh. 1879 Box 2, volume 33 Yuba River levels-south and north sides. Manson party #4. 1879 Box 2, volume 34 Up Yuba River north side line 3 continued. Mason party #4. (Level book #9) 1879 Box 2, volume 35 Continuation of line no. 2, Yuba River correction of lines 2 and 3. Manson party #4. (Level book #10) 1879 Box 2, volume 36 Missing Box 2, volume 37 Missing Box 2, volume 38 Level notes up South Yuba River to the Omega Mine above Washington continued from book 5. By Wm. Fitzhugh. (Level book #6A) 1879 Box 2, volume 39 Middle Yuba between Moore Flat and Allegheny down to main Yuba then to mouth of South Yuba. Small survey on Deer Creek near the Anthony House. Continuation of line 2 left bank of Yuba River. By Fitzhugh. 1879 Box 2, volume 40 Gauging survey, Sacramento River Bridge just below Tehama City. By Fitzhugh and Manson. (Level book #13) 1879 Box 2, volume 41 Gauging survey at Iron Canyon, Sacramento River at Red Bluff. By Fitzhugh and Manson. (Level book #14) 1879 Box 2, volume 42 Levels from Feather River east of Gridley Station to a point on county road above Jacinto on right bank of Sacramento River. Sections west across valley in continuation of the Point Hook Cone west from Butte City. By Fitzhugh. (Level book #11) 1879 Box 2, volume 43 Check levels Knights Landing to Grimes Landing also from Yuba City to Meridian. By Smith, leveler; S. Harrison. 1879 Box 2, volume 44 Check levels Butte City to Grimes Landing. By Wm. Fitzhugh. 1879 91-07-04, 91-06-10 12

Part I Box 3, volume 45 Levels to obtain slope of Sacramento River, also level notes on compass line from Georgianna Slough to Webbs Land. By Griffiths. 1879 Box 3, volume 46 Levels from New York Landing to Rio Vista, and check levels from Rio Vista to Sacramento. By D.D. Griffiths, leveler. 1879 Box 3, volume 47 Check levels on the San Joaquin River also old Sacramento River, Sacramento River 7 and 3 Mile Sloughs. By D.D. Griffiths, leveler. 1879 Box 3, volume 48 Check levels on the San Joaquin River, also on old Sacramento River 7 and 3 Mile Sloughs. By Tucker. 1879 Box 3, volume 49 High water notes from Knights Landing to Hayes. By L. Johnson, Simmons, A. Hammond. 1879 Box 3, volume 50 Overflow line, Nicholas to Sacramento. By Smith. (Level book #4) 1879 Box 3, volume 51 Cross country lines, section of Butte Slough at Parks Dam and Long Bridge, high water 1879 in section 6 T 15N-R1E, NE limit of overflow from section 14 15N-R1E, section S. boundary sections 28 and 29 T 15N-R2E. Section in section 15, T14N-R2E, section S, boundary section 26T 14N-R2E. Section on S. boundary section 21 and 22 in T 13N R3E. Section in section 12 and 13, T 13N R2E. Section in section 10T 12N R3E. Section south through section 35T 13N R3E to Line no. 9 on Feather River. Levels from Nicholaus to SW Corner. T 12N R4E from Feather River to SW corner T 12N R4E. By Smith. (Level book #1) 1879 Box 3, volume 52 Feather River and Yuba soundings. Line from K St. to American River Bridge, line from Sacramento to Brighton. By Kluegel. 1879 Box 3, volume 53 Lines of check levels from Sacramento to Fremont. By Boschke. 1879 Box 3, volume 54 Richland to Sacramento. High water bench marks and cross sections. By Boschke. (Level book #6) 1879 Box 3, volume 55 High water marks at Grays Bend, high water marks at Fremont. By Boschke. (Level book #8) 1879 Box 3, volume 56 Cross section of the American and Sacramento Rivers, between Brannon Slough and Sacramento City. By Boschke. (Level book #9) 1878 Box 3, volume 57 Special surveys at Gray and Shaws GS on Sacramento River, Hennessey GS on Feather River, Freeport GS on Sacramento River connection of line 10 with State Capitol, determination of boat and freefloat position on various dates in 1879, special line of levels, Gray and Shaw GS on Sacramento River, cross section from stations 18 and 19 of special. Level notes Hennessey GS Feather River. Secondary notes of 27 March 1879 at Hay Cock Shoal Sacramento River. By Boschke. 1879 Box 3, volume 58 High water marks at Freeport; high water marks at Davis Brickyard; Dubois reading of high water in river; Freeport gauge section intermediate gauges. High water at Clarksburg. B.M. on wharf; cross section above Courtland wharf; cross section 4' Sacramento River above mouth of Steamboat Slough; cross section in mouth of Steamboat Slough. By Boschke. 1879 Box 3, volume 59 Section no. 17. Distances in all section given from water surface either bank and distance across water Sacramento River cross section 17-119 upper Sacramento River. By Boschke. (Level book #11) 1879 Box 3, volume 60 Cross section 120-173 along Sacramento River and Feather River. By Boschke and S. Harrison Smith. (Level book #12) 1879 Box 3, volume 61 Mining excavation above Oroville and levels up the Feather River. By Fitzhugh. 1879 Box 3, volume 62 American River. Water levels at Folsom, levels between RR station and Dutch Flat and Bear River. By Boschke. 1879 Box 3, volume 63 San Joaquin River. Special surveys above Webbs Landing. By Boschke. 1879 Box 3, volume 64 Levels along Kaweah River. By Dixon and Warfield. 1878 Box 3, volume 65 Gauge-Cottonwood Creek, Wahtoke Creek, Pogue Dutch Canal Line via Kings River, Dunnagans Pass up Kaweah River. By Warfield, assistant in charge. 1878 Box 4, volume 66 Survey of Kings River meander lines no. 1 and 2. By Warfield, assistant in charge; S.H. Smith, leveler; F.L. Coffee, rodman. 1878 Box 4, volume 67 Kings River Canal line via Campbells Mountain. By A.G. Warfield Jr.; H.B. Choice, leveler. 1878 Box 4, volume 68 Survey of Kings River cross sections. By A.G. Warfield; S.H. Smith, leveler; F.L. Coffee, rodman. 1878 91-07-04, 91-06-10 13

Part I Box 4, volume 69 Box 4, volume 70 Box 4, volume 71 Box 4, volume 72 Box 4, volume 73 Box 4, volume 74 Box 4, volume 75 Box 4, volume 76 Box 4, volume 77 Box 4, volume 78 Box 4, volume 79 Box 4, volume 80 Box 4, volume 81 Box 4, volume 82 Box 5, volume 83 Box 5, volume 84 Box 5, volume 85 Survey of Kings River cross country lines. By Warfield; S.H. Smith, leveler; F.L. Coffee, rodman; J.L. Greves, rodman. 1878 Cross sections of Kaweah River. Canal from Kaweah River on south side. Cross country line from station 650 to 1162. Line running up Frazer Valley from station 1465. Dam line across Frazer Valley from station 28. Line running up left side of Frazer Valley and leaving from station 30. Cross line no. 6 leaves from main line station 1465. By A.G. Warfield; H.B. Choice, leveler. 1878 Low level canal line leaving high level line at station 150, Kaweah River survey, also cross section of Tule River. By A.G. Warfield; H.B. Choice, leveler. 1878 Cross section of Tule River, canal line on south side of Tule River intersecting SPRR at Decans. Cross country line leaving main line south of Tule River to the Tule River. By A.G. Warfield, assistant in charge; H.B. Choice, leveler. 1878 Levels from initial point on Kings River via Millerton on San Joaquin River to Fresno River near Madera. By A.G. Warfield, Jr., assistant in charge; H.B. Choice, leveler; John Choice, rodman. 1879 Levels along Merced River from RR crossing to Merced Falls. By A.G. Warfield; H.B. Choice, leveler; John Choice, rodman. 1879 Levels from Merced River at McSwains Ferry via LaGrange to Knights Ferry on the Stanislaus River. By A.G. Warfield, assistant in charge; H.B. Choice, leveler; John Choice, rodman. 1879 Cross sections of White River, Deer Creek, Tule River (upper and lower), gauging of Pioneer Ditch. Cross section of Porterville Slough, Levis Creek, Yokoe River, Cottonwood Creek, Sand Creek, and Watokee Creek, also gauging of Kaweah River. By A.G. Warfield, assistant in charge; H.B. Choice, leveler; John Choice, rodman. 1878 Missing Meander lines of San Joaquin River. Cross section of San Joaquin River at Jones Ferry and at RR bridge near Sycamore Station. Also gauging of San Joaquin River at RR bridge. By A.G. Warfield, assistant in charge; H.B. Choice, leveler; John Choice, rodman. 1878 Meander and cross section of Fresno River. Also cross section of Chowchilla River and Mariposa Creek. By A.G. Warfield, assistant in charge; H.B. Choice, leveler; John Choice, rodman. 1878 Cross sections of Bear Creek, Merced River at mill dam and Merced River at mill dam and Merced Falls one mile above Falls and Mill and RR crossing. Cross section Chowchilla Canal. Kings River at RR crossing. Area of water cross section of Emigrant Ditch, Peoples Ditch, and Mussel Slough. By Warfield. 1879 Cross sections of Peoples Ditch, Last Chance Ditch, Lower Kings River Ditch, Rhodes Ditch, Kings River at RR crossing and Kings River at Kingston. Gauging of Kings River ½ mile above RR crossing. By A.G. Warfield, assistant in charge; H.B. Choice, leveler; John Choice, rodman. 1879 Levels from Kingston to Summit Lake via Semoore and RR crossing of Kings River, 5 miles west of Semoore. Levels to Tulare Lake near McCloys house. High water marks in Visalia. Connection with WSI survey. Levels from Goshen to Visalia, and cross section of Mill Creek near Courthouse. Levels from Courthouse to various areas. By A.G. Warfield, assistant in charge; H.B. Choice, leveler; John Choice, rodman. 1879 Level lines and cross section of streams. Levels near town of Visalia. By A.G. Warfield, assistant in charge; H.B. Choice, leveler; John Choice, rodman. 1879 Levels of gauges on Mokelumne, Calaveras, Stanislaus, and Tuolomne Rivers. Kern River by SPRR bridge. Kern River at Rio Bravo Ranch, base line levels. Cross section and gauging observations. Level book #1. By Jas. D. Schuyler, assistant engineer. 1879 Base line levels, cross sections and float observations for Baker and Noble Canal and Stine, Calloway, Beardsley, McCord, Kern Island Canals, south fork of Kern River, Colton Ranch Ditch. Farmers, Panama, Spanish, Gates, McCaffrey, Emery, Buena Vista Canals and ditches. By Jas. D. Schuyler, assistant engineer; L.L. Dixon, rodman. 1879 91-07-04, 91-06-10 14

Part I Box 5, volume 86 Cross sections and levels-wible, Goose Lake, Pioneer, James and Dixon, Johnson, Kern Valley Water Company, East Side Dixon and Joice Canals-Kern River-Calloway, Plunkett, Beardsley, Rio Bravo canals and ditches. By A.G. Schuyler. 1879 Box 5, volume 87 Kern Company special gauging of Farmers Canal. Panama Slough, and Stine Canal. By A.G. Schuyler, assistant engineer; L.L. Dixon, rodman. 1879 Box 5, volume 88 Special gauging of Kern River and canals. Buena Vista, Baker and Noble, Gates, James, Meacham, Castro, James and Dixon, Johnson, Pioneer, Calloway, Beardsley, McCord, McCaffrey, Emery, Jones and Tucker, Old South Fork, Kern Island Canals. By Jas. D. Schuyler. 1879 Box 5, volume 89 Special gauging of Chowchilla Canal and San Joaquin and Kings River Canal. Drawing of Headgates, etc. By Schuyler. 1879 Box 5, volume 90 Cross sections and gauging of Kern River and canals, South Fork, Kern Island, Calloway, Panama Slough, Spanish and Castro Ditch, Buena Vista, James, Reardon Canals. Wilson Ditch, Pioneer and Willow Canal gauge readings. Book #1. By S.H. Smith. 1880 Box 5, volume 91 Gauging Kern River and canals. Book #2. By S.H. Smith. 1880 Box 5, volume 92 Gaugings, Kern River, Joice and Dixon, Kern Valley Water Company. Section of break in Livermore Levee. Book #3. By S.H. Smith. 1880 Box 5, volume 93 Kern River gauges, cross section, river record and levels notes. By S.I. Dixon. 1879 Box 5, volume 94 Gold Run Pit survey. By Grunsky. 1881 Box 5, volume 95 Sacramento River near Jacinto and Colbys Ferry, sections of Stony Creek near St. Johns. By H.M. Fitzhugh and Manson. 1879 Box 5, volume 96 Lines on south side of American River. By Manson; C.F. Reardon, leveler; A. Mitchell, rodman. 1880 Box 5, volume 97 Lines on south bank of Yuba River. By Manson. 1880 Box 5, volume 98 Lines on south bank of Yuba River. By Manson. 1880 Box 5, volume 99 Line down left bank of Feather River below mouth of Yuba. Section 1 of DeGuerre point line and sections of Browns Valley grade, profile DeGuerre Dam. By Manson; C.F. Reardon, leveler; W.S. Dunley, rodman. 1880 Box 5, volume Profile of Rocket Dam on Yuba River. By Manson; C.F. Reardon, leveler; N.S. 100 Dunberry, rodman. 1880 Box 5, volume Citizens levee line, north side of Yuba River. By Manson. 1879 101 Box 5, volume Cross sections of line on south side of Bear River below RR bridge. Also cross 102 sections of Bear River Reservoir. By Reardon. 1880 Box 5, volume Line of levels up the right bank of the Bear River from the RR bridge to Johnsons 103 Crossing. By Grunsky. 1880 Box 5, volume Profile and cross sections of levee from RR bridge down right bank of Yuba River 104 and line of levels up left bank of Bear River from RR bridge. By Grunsky. 1880 Box 6, volume Missing 105 Box 6, volume Cross section of levee on the left bank of Bear River from RR bridge up. By 106 Reardon. 1880 Box 6, volume Proposed line of levee Knights Landing to Sacramento. Bench Marks at 107 Sacramento City and Sacramento to mouth of Feather River, mouth of Feather River and Knights Landing. By C.D. Rhodes, engineer in charge; S.L. Dolson, leveler; P.F. Perryman, rodman. 1880 Box 6, volume Proposed line of levee, Knights Landing to Sacramento, American River lines. 108 Transit notes. By C.D. Rhodes. 1880 91-07-04, 91-06-10 15