HISTORIQUE ET EVOLUTION DES PLATES-FORMES AVEC TETES DE PUITS EN SURFACE (SPAR ) Les tendances pour le futur Pierre-Armand Thomas Technip 13 Juin 26 2 Spar progression DEEPWATER PRODUCTS SPAR Proprietary Item 4 From Classic Spar to Truss and Cell Spar Ring section assembly at yard assembling rails Significant improvements in many domains : Risers suspension, Mooring lines, VIV approach, Top tension risers. 5 6
7 Barge Harry at the end of assembly rails Evolution of construction model Dedicated investment to improve model delivery 8 Chevron Tahiti Spar Dimensions & Weights Basics Water Depth 4, ft Production and Quarters only, all subsea wells Topsides design throughput 125 MBPOD SITWHP 12,3 psig Tahiti First s Largest Single-Piece Spar Dry Transportation 36 degrees strake coverage requires portion of strakes to be installed offshore First spar with utility/access shaft and dedicated pump room Spar dimensions Diameter 128 ft Draft 5 ft Freeboard 55 ft Centerwell 5x5 ft Hard Tank Length 216 ft Mooring 13 lines ; 6.2 chain, 1.2 polyester Risers 4 production, 2 test, 2 water injectors; all in pull-tubes Oil and gas export risers w/ flex-joints Weights Topside Weight 21, tons Fixed Ballast 23,7 tons Vertical Mooring Load 3,8 tons Environment 1 yr Hurricane; Hs=39 ft Tp=12.7-15.3 sec, Wind=73.5 kt 9 1 Holstein hard tank Cell Spar RED HAWK Both the hull and topsides were installed in March 24. (first gas in July 24) LARGEST EVER BUILT THIS WAS THE FIRST APPLICATION OF A CELL SPAR 11 12
13 Cell Spar Installation Upend Spar at Integration Site Install Fixed Ballast Cell spar safest floater Hull unconditionally stable 28 separate buoyancy compartments Center of buoyancy above center of weight Simple ballast system Operator cannot sink vessel No down flooding points Mooring line failure can not capsize vessel Other hulls less safe Fewer compartments Happier upside down Complicated ballast control system RESISTANCE TO HURRICANES TO BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT SERIOUSLY 14 Spar model for installation request Towing of Spar hull horizontally Upending at deep site > 2 m water depth Topsides installation by heavy crane for floatover Hook-up and commissioning offshore 15 16 Extendable Draft Platform (EDP) Extendable Draft Platform (EDP) for production drilling / workover DEEPWATER PRODUCTS EDP Tow to field Full integration onshore - minimum offshore HUC / no flotel Suitable for large payloads, deep water & high well counts Composed of: Barge-type Deck Topside facilities on top of deck Legs (buoyant column + truss) Pontoon (heave plate) Operation 18
19 EDP installation EDP Model test/completion status Reminder of Spar installation requirements : The EDP concept is offering a solution that mitigate these issues Model Test performed with GOM conditions - 1 year winter storm Tests have proven as good motion responses as Spar 2 Special structure equipment Beside the hull design, the «ancillary equipments» capture a lot of attention to provide the best service for SCR behaviour and integrity and the best handling of surface trees 21 22 Platform-based mooring equipment Winching equipment Rotary winches (wire) Linear winches (wire) Chain windlasses or capstans Chain jacks or devil s claws Fairleads Rotary-type Bending shoe type Stoppers Passive Active 23 24
25 Examples : Pull tube hull equipment Kerr McGee Boomvang & Nansen Pre-Installed Pull Tubes Examples : porch SCR interface Porch interface suitable for FlexJoint or Taper Stress Joint 26 EDP dry trees risers tensioners Hydro pneumatic tensioners Hull weight comparison Weight - S tons Truss Spars 4 Small Medium 35 Big Dry Trees Big Wet Trees 3 B / Nansen Gunnison 25 Horn Mountain Mad Dog 2 Holstein 15 1 5 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 Topsides Weight - S tons 27 28 Hull weight comparison Weight - S tons Truss and Cell Spars 4 Small Medium 35 Big Dry Trees Big Wet Trees 6 Cell Wet Trees 3 8 Cell Wet Trees 8 Cell Dry Trees Red Hawk 25 B / Nansen Gunnison Horn Mountain 2 Mad Dog Holstein 15 Hull Weight comparison Weight - S tons Truss / Cell Spars and EDP 4 Small Medium 35 Big Dry Trees Big Wet Trees 6 Cell Wet Trees 8 Cell Wet Trees 3 8 Cell Dry Trees Red Hawk B / Nansen 25 Gunnison Horn Mountain Mad Dog 2 Holstein EDP - Sizing tool EDP vs Semi Study 15 1 1 5 5 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 Topsides Weight - S tons 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 Topsides Weight - S tons 29 3
31 Kikeh Spar Dimensions & Weights Spar dimensions Diameter 16 ft Draft 43 ft Freeboard 35 ft Centerwell 55x55 ft Hard Tank Length 22 ft Mooring 1 Lines; 142mm Chain, 18mm Spiral Strand Risers 24 Prod + 1 Drilling TTR w/riser Hydraulic Tensioners Tensioner Max Stroke 21 ft Weights Topside Weight (w/workover) 66 t Max Well System Load 42 t (w/ 24 TTRs) Fixed Ballast 29 t Vertical Mooring Load 22 t Kikeh First s First SPAR Outside GoM Hull, Topsides Constructed in Malaysia TOF Supervision & Know-How Tender Assisted Drilling Direct Tensioner System Topside Floatover installation Global Project Execution Kuala Lumpur / Pori / Houston / Perth / Paris Topside Floatover Environment 1 yr Typhoon; Hs=2.7ft Tp=16sec, Wind=3kt 32 Kikeh Hull Fabrication at MMHE (Malaysia) Topside Fabrication Hull Fabrication MMHE April 14 th 26 33 34 Disconnectable Spar for Ice Regions Bottom section disconnected from Upper Hull 35 36
37 Review of EDP Generation (1&2) First Generation 1995 start developing TPG 33 Second Generation 38 Review of EDP Generation (3) Comparison between four legs and three legs Surge/Sway (ft/ft) 1. Heading -3Legs.9 Heading 45-3Legs.8.7 Heading 9-3Legs.6 Heading -4Legs.5 Heading 45-4Legs.4.3.2.1. 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 Surge RAO Heave (ft/ft) 3. 2.5 Heading -3Legs Heading -4Legs 2. 1.5 1..5. 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 Heave RAO Third Generation We are currently working on Third Generation of Drilling EDP Design three Draft, 15 ft, 18 ft and 22 ft (payload 17, mton) Comparing EDP with Eirik Raude Drilling Semi Motion & Load Analysis of EDP During Installation 39 Pitch/Roll (ft/deg).45.4 Heading -3Legs.35 Heading 9-3Legs.3 Heading -4Legs.25.2.15.1.5. 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 Pitch RAO 4 Eirik Raude Semi (payload 17, mtons) Heave RAO comparison Heave (ft/ft) 3. 2.5 2. 1.5 1..5 Heading -18 heading -22 Heading -15 Eirik Semih-. 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 41 42
43 Pitch RAO Comparison Maximum Motion Comparisons Pitch/Roll (ft/deg).4 Heading -18.35 Heading -22.3 Heading -15.25 Eirik Semi h-.2 Eirik Semi h-9.15.1.5. 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 Max. Offset/WD (WD=65ft) Max. Heave of GM Hurricane (ft) -16-14 -12-1 -8-6 -4-2 4.% 3.5% 3.% 2.5% 2.% 1.5% 1.%.5%.% EDP-D15 EDP-D18 EDP-D22 Eir ik Heave Motion Max. Heel GM Hurricane (deg) -16-14 -12-1 -8-6 -4-2 EDP-D15 EDP-D18 EDP-D22 Eirik Pitch Eirik Roll Pitch Motion EDP-D15 EDP-D18 EDP-D22 Eirik Surge Eirik Sway Offset 44 Motion during Installation Frequency-domain coupling analysis Guide 1.9.8.7 1.4 1.2 1.6.5.4.8.6 6'.3.2.1 Deck Box Lower Hull.4.2 Deck Box Lower Hull 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 165' Surge RAO, Two body coupled Heave RAO, Two body coupled.7 Developed for Total s Laggan Field in West of the Shetlands Two parts are coupled hydrodynamically and mechanically Operation Draft 25 ft Deck draft for installation 8 ft 292' Pitch RAO (deg/ft).6.5.4.3.2 Deck Box.1 Lower Hull 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 Pitch RAO, Two body coupled Results Max. Compliant Guides Load: 1 kips Chain Tension: Pre-tension +735 kips Relative Horizontal Motion:.32 ft (3.8 ) Relative Vertical Motion:.45 ft (5.4 ) Environmental Hs: 5 ft Tp: 8.7 sec γ: 2. 45 46 Presentation of the latest development for the EDP, showing a base case application to calibrate our sizing model EDP CASE STUDY A large deck extendable draft platform designed for ultra-deepwater in the Gulf of Mexico 47
49 Topsides EDP GoM DESIGN BASIS Production Capacity and Composition Component (s tons) Product & Separation 4,4 Export 4, Chemical Injection 1,733 Center Well 3,991 Drilling 3,96 Living Quarters 1,63 Crane F-Boom P-Rack 952 Total 2,36 Flow Rates Oil Rate Total Gas Rate Associated Gas Rate Non-Associated Gas Rate Produced Water Rate Water Injection Gas Injection Artificial Lift Water Depth = 8,5 ft 2, BPD 475 MMSCFD (associated & non-associated) 275 MMSCFD (assumed) 2 MMSCFD (assumed) 6, BPD (assumed maximum) None None None West Gulf of Mexico Environment 5 Topsides Drilling system Drilling Equipment Set Drilling Support Module Drillers Piperack Component (s tons) Production & Export 2,398 Drilling & Bulks 8,395 Living Quarters 1,86 Topsides Structural Steel 9,286 Riser Tensions 12,5 Total 52,439 51 52 Heave plate & deck 53 54
55 Structural models Deck Deck weight moorings and risers installed in still water Heave Plate Column Component (s tons) Heave Plate 6,194 Columns (4) 18,12 Upper Hull (deck) 6,295 Total 3,69 56 Mooring system Mooring system Diameter B.S. B.S. (Corroded) Length * (in) (kips) (kips) ** (ft) Platform Chain 6 4,55 3,946 4-5 Polyester Rope 1.12 4,261 4,261 13, Anchor Chain 6 4,55 3,394 25 * Platform Chain Length-Length Below Fairleader ** Assuming 12 mm corrosion and wear Mooring Line S.F. 3.5 3.25 3. 2.75 2.5 2.25 2. 1.75 Intact Mooring Line Safety Factor - 1 Year Hurricane No TTRs, HEA No TTRs, LEA TTRs, HEA TTRs, LEA 1.5 45 9 135 18 225 27 315 Environment Direction (deg) 57 58 Added mass effects Heave response Fully Covered 134 ft x 134 ft opening Surge Heave Sway Roll Yaw Pitch (sec) (sec) (sec) (sec) (sec) (sec) w/o TTRs 23.2 24.4 233.6 48.6 95.1 49.6 w/ 2 TTRs 29.2 18.8 28.2 46. 92.2 42.2 59 6
61 Heave response Hull response Max, Min, Std. Dev. Heave (ft.) Heave - 1 Year Hurricane 8. 6. 4. 2.. -2. -4. -6. -8. -1. No TTRs, HEA - Max. No TTRs, HEA - Min. No TTRs, HEA - Std. Dev. TTRs, HEA - Max. TTRs, HEA - Min. TTRs, HEA - Std. Dev. 45 9 135 18 225 27 315 Environment Direction (deg) Max. Pitch (deg.) 6.75 6.5 6.25 6. 5.75 5.5 5.25 5. Max. Pitch vs. Direction, 1 Year Hurricane No TTRs, HEA No TTRs, LEA TTRs, HEA TTRs, LEA 45 9 135 18 225 27 315 Environment Direction (deg) 62 Hull response Top tensioned risers Max. Offset vs. Direction, 1 Year Hurricane 45. 4. 35. Max. Ofset (ft) 3. 25. 2. 15. 1. 5.. No TTRs, HEA No TTRs, LEA TTRs, HEA TTRs, LEA 45 9 135 18 225 27 315 Environment Direction (deg) 63 64 Top tensioned risers Hydro pneumatic tensioners Average Stiffness 4 kips/ft TTR tensions 2.5 Max. Riser Tension Factor, 1 Year Hurricane Max Stroke Range Upstroke: 1 ft. Downstroke: 21 ft. Max. TTR Tension Factor 2.25 2. 1.75 TTRs, HEA TTRs, LEA Tensioner Stiffness 25 kips/ft 1.5 45 9 135 18 225 27 315 Environment Direction (deg) 65 66
Deck connections Connector analysis WAVE 1 H=29 ft T=1.5 sec WAVE 2 H=32 ft T=9. sec 67 68 69 7 Pawl Dry tree riser system options Dry tree riser system options Ram Type Tensioners Direct Acting Tension Type Tensioners 71 72 Tous droits de reproduction réservés - ATMA 12
73 Cell spar installation Deepwater Facitlities 45 SEMI Spar TLP EDP TLP 4 Thunder Horse Mini TLP Semi Ursa Auger 35 Cell Spar Atlantis SPAR 3 Holstein 25 Nakika Diana Tahiti CELL SPAR Mars Ram Powel 2 Genesis Mad Dog Kizomba 15 Magnolia Topside Weight - tons Gunnison Independence Frontrunner Constitution 1 Boomvang Nansen Marlin Marco Polo Horn Mtn. MINI TLP Medusa Kikeh Devils Tower Jolliet Neptune 5 Typhoon Matterhorn Red Hawk Morpeth Allegheny Prince 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Water Depth - ft 74 Current CFD efforts Spar VIM Benchmark and validate model test data Optimize and automate solution process Numerical wave tank Generate 3D wave and current Cell Spar wave run-up with 6 DOF 2 body problem with 12 DOF (Spar and TAD) Riser VIV AcuTechnip coupling of AcuSolve and ABAQUS for riser solution Collaboration with ChevronTexaco Sharing CFD work and results so as not to duplicate the effort 75 76 SPAR VIM CFD Mesh Tetrahedral Mesh of Fluid Domain (6E5 nodes) 3D Solid Works Model of Truss Spar SPAR VIM CFD Simulation Complete model 6, nodes 14 hours 32 CPU s Boundary Layer Mesh Refinement Simplified model + Morison formulation for truss and soft tank 2, nodes 3 hours 32 CPUs Simplified model with appendages + Morison formulation for truss and soft tank 3, nodes 5 hours 32 CPUs 77 78
79 SPAR VIM Results.4.35 Current Heading 15 deg Experiment CFD (hardtank without appendage) CFD (hardtank with appendage) Numerical wave tank CFD (fullspar).3.25 RMS Y/D.2.15.1.5. 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Reduced Velocity, Vrn Maximum Response Vs. Current Heading.2 Experiment CFD (fullspar).16 RMS Y/D.12.8 CFD Generated Wave Matches Model Test Results.4. 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 3 33 36 Current Direction (deg) 8 Numerical wave tank Risers tests in Shell s flume 1. One Bare riser 2. One Straked Riser 3. Two Straked Risers 81 82