Fisheries Survey of Saratoga Lake

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Fisheries Survey of Saratoga Lake 7- Mark D. Cornwell Kevin Poole State University of New York College of Agriculture & Technology Department of Fisheries & Wildlife Cobleskill, NY

ABSTRACT: This survey was conducted at the request of the Saratoga Lake Protection and Improvement District to provide fisheries data associated with a herbicide treatment to control exotic Eurasian water milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum). Night time boat electrofishing was conducted on the North East shoreline on 7 September and October 7 and the entire shoreline in May, June and October. Comparisons between 7 pre-treatment data and post-treatment data for the North East shore show no clear trends in catch per unit effort or shifts in species composition between these two years. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) data indicate that largemouth bass were most abundant in West shore (pre-treatment,./hr), North East shore (post-treatment, 7./hr), North East shore (pre-treatment.7/hr) and South shore (one year post treatment, 7./hr) samples respectively. General trends in CPUE indicate that fish abundance is lowest in the South and highest in North East shoreline sections. INTRODUCTION This study was conducted by the SUNY Cobleskill Department of Fisheries & Wildlife at the request of the Saratoga Lake Protection and Improvement District (SLPID), Ballston Spa, NY, to collect fisheries data associated with an application of herbicides aimed at controlling exotic Eurasian water milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) (EWM) in Saratoga Lake. Points of contact for SLPID were Dean Long (The LA Group) () 7-, dlong@thelagroup.com, and Joe Finn, Saratoga Lake Protection and Improvement District, () 7-79, jfinn@nycap.rr.com. Rob Fiorentino (rjfioren@gw.dec.state.ny.us) from the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Department, Warrensburg was the principle biologist providing NYSDEC input and design for this survey. Saratoga Lake, located in southeastern Saratoga County, is,7 acres and has a mean depth of feet and maximum depth of 9 feet. The lake is considered eutrophic with an anoxic hypolimnion after summer stratification. The fishery is primarily a cool/warm water fishery dominated by largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, walleye, bluegill, yellow perch, pumpkinseed, chain pickerel, northern pike, bullhead, rock bass, and black crappie. Saratoga Lake has a history of exotic species introductions including Eurasian water milfoil and water chestnut (Trapa natans). The goal of this survey was to establish baseline line fishery data in concert with a SONAR and RENOVATE herbicide treatment directed at control of EWM, applied in spring 7 and as part of the Saratoga Lake Invasive Species Long-term Management Plan (ISLMP). Fisheries surveys have been conducted (and are planned) for each herbicide application location for both pre- and post treatment areas during 7, and 9. MATERIAL & METHODS This is the second year of this fisheries survey. Survey dates were 7 September and October 7 (Fall 7 pre-treatment survey of North East Shoreline), June (-yr post treatment of Southern shoreline) and June and July (Summer pre-treatment survey of West shore). All surveys were done at night with a Smith-Root boat electrofisher. Each survey date started after dark and ended between midnight and am. Each survey track was contiguous, fishing in shallow (< ), near shore water in consecutive, connecting electrofishing runs. Electrofishing effort (time in seconds) for each run was automatically recorded by the boat electrofisher. A geographic positioning system (GPS) unit was used to record latitude and longitude (UTM) coordinates for the start and endpoint of each electrofishing run. Survey endpoints and effort are recorded in Tables -. Survey sites and the survey track are illustrated in Figures -. A -watt generator coupled to a Type VI-A variable voltage pulsator provided power for the electrofisher. During all fish collections, - DC volts at -7. amps were used on all nights. Two netters located on each side of the bow captured fish in the field. Fish were netted in the DC field, then placed into a 7-gallon live well and processed at the end of the collection run. After processing, all fish were released in good condition at the end of each run.

Electrofishing surveys were made when littoral water temperatures were - C, as prescribed in the Percid Sampling Manual (Forney et al., 99), with alternating game fish only (target min) and all fish (usually - min) collections. During six all fish collections every effort was made to collect EVERY fish in the DC field, including game fish, non-gamefish and young of the year. During gamefish only collections, just gamefish and fish that appeared to be gamefish were targeted by the netters. Collected fish were identified and measured in maximum total length (millimeters) on a measuring board. Results of game fish and non-game fish are expressed in catch/hr in Table. These standard survey methods and electrofishing boat design are routinely used by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) and were approved for this survey by a Region NYSDEC biologist (Matt Presser) who accompanied us onboard the research vessel on 7 September 7. Survey Design Figure. Map of Saratoga Lake adapted from Aquatic Control Technologies Report illustrating milfoil treatments and Fisheries Survey Lake Sections by Year West: Planned Treatment 9 E-Fished (pre) North East: Treated E-Fished 7 (pre) & (post) South: Treated 7 E-Fished (post)

Table. Saratoga Lake North East Electrofishing Survey Site Descriptions on 7 September & October 7 Lake Treatment Start UTM (T) End UTM (T) Collection All Fish (AF) Game Fish Only (GFO) Date/Site Section Year Easting Northing Easting Northing Type Seconds Time (Hrs) Seconds Time (Hrs) 9.7.7-AF North East (yr pre-) 7 7 7 7 All Fish 79.9 9.7.7-AF North East (yr pre-) 7 7 7 All Fish 9.9 9.7.7-AF North East (yr pre-) 7 7 All Fish 9. 9.7.7-AF North East (yr pre-) 7 7 79 All Fish.7..7-GF North East (yr pre-) 7 79 77 Gamefish.9..7-GF North East (yr pre-) 77 7 Gamefish 7...7-AF North East (yr pre-) 7 79 79 All Fish 97...7-GF North East (yr pre-) 79 79 7 77 Gamefish...7-AF North East (yr pre-) 7 77 77 All Fish. Total Effort North East (yr pre-).9.9 Figure. Saratoga Lake Electrofishing Boat Survey Track and Nine Collection Locations for North East Shore on 7 September and October 7.

Table. Saratoga Lake South Shore Boat Electro fishing Survey Site Descriptions on June Lake Treatment Start UTM (T) End UTM (T) Collection All Fish (AF) Game Fish Only (GFO) Date/Site Section Year Easting Northing Easting Northing Type Seconds Time (Hrs) Seconds Time (Hrs)..-AF South 7 ( yr post) 9 79 79 All Fish 9.79..-GF South 7 ( yr post) 79 799 Gamefish.7..-GF South 7 ( yr post) 799 7 Gamefish.9..-AF South 7 ( yr post) 7 7 All Fish...-GF South 7 ( yr post) 7 9 7 Gamefish 9.9..-GF South 7 ( yr post) 9 7 9 7 Gamefish.7 Total Effort South 7 ( yr post).9.99 Table. Saratoga Lake West Shore Electrofishing Collection Sites on June and July Lake Treatment Start UTM (T) End UTM (T) Collection All Fish (AF) Game Fish Only (GFO) Date/Site Section Year Easting Northing Easting Northing Type Seconds Time (Hrs) Seconds Time (Hrs)..-AF West 9 ( yr pre) 7 7 All Fish 9.7..-GF West 9 ( yr pre) 7 77 Gamefish 9...-GF West 9 ( yr pre) 77 79 77 Gamefish 9...-AF West 9 ( yr pre) 79 77 79 All Fish 7.9..-GF West 9 ( yr pre) 79 7 77 Gamefish.9..-GF West 9 ( yr pre) 7 77 9 7 Gamefish 7. 7..-GF West 9 ( yr pre) 7 7 7 Gamefish 9.7 7..-AF West 9 ( yr pre) 7 7 77 7 All Fish 9.9 7..-GF West 9 ( yr pre) 77 7 79 Gamefish 97.7 7..-AF West 9 ( yr pre) 77 9 7 All Fish.9 7..-GF West 9 ( yr pre) 9 7 9 777 Gamefish.7 Total Effort West 9 ( yr pre) 9.7 7.77

Figure. Saratoga Lake South and West Shore Electrofishing Sites and Seventeen Collection Locations on, June and July.

Table. Saratoga Lake North East Shore & October Electro fishing Survey Site Descriptions Lake Treatment Start UTM (T) End UTM (T) Collection All Fish (AF) Game Fish Only (GFO) Date/Site Section Year Easting Northing Easting Northing Type Seconds Time (Hrs) Seconds Time (Hrs)..-AF North East ( mo.post) 79 9 7 All Fish 9...-GF North East ( mo.post) 9 7 7 799 Gamefish...-AF North East ( mo.post) 7 799 7 All Fish 9...-GF North East ( mo.post) 7 7 Gamefish...-GF North East ( mo.post) 7 7 7 Gamefish.7..-AF North East ( mo.post) 7 7 77 All Fish.7..-GF North East ( mo.post) 77 9 79 Gamefish 9...-AF North East ( mo.post) 9 79 77 All Fish 9.7..-GF North East ( mo.post) 77 7799 Gamefish 9.77 Total Effort North East ( mo.post).997 7.7 Figure. Saratoga Lake North East Shoreline Electrofishing Locations on & October.

RESULTS & DISCUSSION Table. Saratoga North East Shore 7 Sept. & Oct. 7 (Pre-treatment) Compared to & Oct. (One Year Post Treatment) All Fish Game Fish Species Total AF or GFO CPUE (#/hr) Relative Abundance (%) yr pre post yr pre post yr pre post yr pre post yr pre post Species 7 7 7 7 7 banded killifish...7. black crappie.... bluegill 7 7 9 97 77.9 77... bluntnose minnow..9.. brown bullhead 7 9..7.9. chain pickerel 7.... common carp 9.... emerald shiner.7.7.. golden shiner 7.... largemouth bass 9 9 7.7 7.. 7. logperch 9 9.9..9.9 margined madtom.7... northern pike.... pumpkinseed 7 7 97. 9...9 redbreast sunfish 7 7.... rockbass 7 7 9... 7. smallmouth bass 9 9.7..9. spottail shiner.7... tessellated darter.... walleye 7.7... white sucker.... yellow bullhead.... yellow perch 9 9 9. 77..7.7 Total 7 9. 9.9..

Table. Saratoga West Shore Pre-treatment Electrofishing June and July. Count AF or GFO Rel. Abundance Species All Fish Game Fish Species Total CPUE fish/hr % of total catch banded killifish 7.. black crappie.. bluegill 7 9. 7. brown bullhead 9.. central mudminnow.. chain pickerel 7.. common carp.. emerald shiner.. Fallfish.. golden shiner.. largemouth bass. 7. logperch 9.. northern pike.. pumpkinseed 9. 9.9 redbreast sunfish..7 rockbass 7.. smallmouth bass.. tessellated darter.. walleye.. white sucker.. yellow bullhead.7.9 yellow perch 77 9.. Total 7.. Table 7. Saratoga South Shore Electrofishing Results June ( yr. Post-treatment). Count AF or GFO Rel. Abundance Species All Fish Game Fish Species Total CPUE fish/hr % of total catch banded killifish 9.7. black crappie.. bluegill 9 7.. bluntnose minnow.. brown bullhead 7..7 central mudminnow.. chain pickerel.9. common carp.. emerald shiner.. golden shiner 7.9.9 largemouth bass 9 7.. logperch 7..7 northern pike.. pumpkinseed 7.. redbreast sunfish.. rockbass.. smallmouth bass.. spottail shiner.. tessellated darter.. walleye.9. yellow bullhead.. yellow perch 7 9 9.. Total 7 77 9..

(#) Table. Catch per Unit Effort (fish/hr) for all Saratoga Lake sites 7- All Fish OR Gamefish Only Catch/Unit Effort Comparison (fish/hour) North East North East South West Species Fall 7 (yr pre) Fall (post) June (yr post) June (yr pre) banded killifish.. 9.7. black crappie.. bluegill.9 77.. bluntnose minnow..9 brown bullhead.7.. central mudminnow.. chain pickerel...9 common carp... emerald shiner.7.7 fallfish golden shiner.9. largemouth bass.7 7. 7.. logperch.9. 7.. margined madtom.7 northern pike... pumpkinseed 97. 9... redbreast sunfish.. rockbass 9... smallmouth bass.7... spottail shiner.7 tessellated darter... walleye.7..9. white sucker.. yellow bullhead..7 yellow perch 9 77. 9. 9. Total 9. 9.9 9..7 LENGTH FREQUENCY ANALYSIS Saratoga Lake Banded Killifish (./hr) 7 September & October 7 North East Shore (Pre-treatment) Saratoga Lake Banded Killifish (./hr) & October North East Shoreline (Post)

7 9 9 (#) 7 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 Saratoga Banded Killifish (9.7/hr) June (yr Post-treatment) Saratoga Banded Killifish (./hr) June & July West Shore (Pre-treatment) Saratoga Black Crappie (./hr) 7 Sept. & Oct. 7 North East Shore (Pre-treatment) Saratoga Lake Black Crappie (./hr) & Ocober North East Shore (Post-treatment) Saratoga Bluegill (.9/hr) 7 Sept. & October 7 North East Shore (Pre) Saratoga Bluegill (77./hr) & Ocober NorthEast Shore (Post Treatment) 7 7 7 Saratoga Bluegill (/hr) June South Shore (yr Post-treatment) Saratoga Bluegill (./hr) June and July West Shore (Pre-treatment) 7

7 7 9 7 7 9 7 7 9 (#) Saratoga Brown Bullhead (./hr) 7 Sept. & Oct. 7 North East Shore (Pre) Saratoga Brown Bullhead (.7/hr) & October NorthEast Shore (Post) Saratoga Brown Bullhead (./hr) June South Shore (yr Post-treatment) Saratoga Brown Bullhead (./hr) June & July West Shore (Pre-treatment) Saratoga Common Carp (.7/hr) 7 Sept. & Oct. 7 North East Shore (Pre) Saratoga Common Carp (./hr) & October North East Shore (Post-treament) Saratoga Common Carp (./hr) June & July West Shore (Pre-treatment)

(#) 7 7 9 7 7 9 7 7 9 7 7 9 Saratoga Chain Pickerel (.7/hr) 7 Sept. & Oct. 7 North East Shore (Pre) Saratoga Chain Pickerel (.9/hr) & Oct. North East Shore (Post-treament) Saratoga Chain Pickerel (.9/hr) June South Shore (yr Post-treatment) Saratoga Chain Pickerel (.) June & July West Shore (Pre-treatment) Saratoga Largemouth Bass (.7/hr) 7 Sept. & Oct. 7 North East Shore (Pre) Saratoga Largemouth Bass (7./hr) & Oct. NorthEast Shore (Post-treatment) Saratoga Largemouth bass (7./hr) June South Shore (yr Post-treatment) Saratoga Largemouth Bass (./hr) June & July West Shore (Pre-treatment)

7 9 9 7 9 9 7 9 9 7 9 9 (#) (#) Saratoga Logperch (.9/hr) 7 Sept. & Oct. 7 North East Shore (Pre) Saratoga Logperch (.) & Oct. NorthEast Shore (Post-treatment) Saratoga Logperch (7./hr) June South Shore (yr Post-treament) Saratoga Logperch (./hr) June & July West Shore (Pre-treatment) Saratoga Pumpkinseed (97.9/hr) 7 Sept. & Oct. 7 North East Shore (Pre) Saratoga Pumpkinseed (9./hr) & Oct. NorthEast Shore (Post-treatment) Saratoga Pumpkinseed (./hr) June South Shore (yr Post-treatment) Saratoga Pumpkinseed (.) June & July West Shore (Pre-treatment)

7 9 9 7 9 9 7 9 9 (#) 7 9 9 7 9 9 7 9 9 (#) Saratoga Rockbass (9./hr) 7 Sept. & Oct. 7 NorthEast Shore (Pre) Saratoga Rockbass (./hr) & October NorthEast Shore (Post) Saratoga Rockbass (./hr) June South Shore (yr Post-treatment) Saratoga Rockbass (./hr) June & July West Shore (Pre-treatment) Saratoga Redbreast Sunfish (./hr) 7 Sept. & Oct. 7 (NorthEast Shore (Pre) Saratoga Redbreast Sunfish (.7/hr) & Oct. NorthEast Shore (Post) Saratoga Rebreast Sunfish (./hr) June & July West Shore (Pre)

(#) 9 7 9 9 7 9 (#) Saratoga Smallmouth Bass (.7/hr) 7 Sept. & Oct 7 North East Shore (Pre) Saratoga Smallmouth Bass (./hr) & October NorthEast Shore (Post-treatment) Saratoga Smallmouth bass (./hr) June South Shore (yr Post-treament) Saratoga Smallmouth Bass (./hr) June & July West Shore (Pre-treatment) Saratoga Walleye (.7/hr) 7 Sept. & Oct. 7 NorthEast Shore (Pre) Saratoga Walleye (./hr) & Oct. NorthEast Shore (Post-treatment) Saratoga Walleye (.9) June South Shore (yr Post-treatment) Saratoga Walleye (./hr) June & July West Shore (Pre-treatment)

7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 (#) (#) Saratoga Yellow Bullhead (./hr) 7 Sept. & Oct. North East Shore (Pre-treat) Saratoga Yellow Bullhead (.9/hr) & Oct. NorthEast Shore (Post-treatment) Saratoga Yellow Bullhead (.7/hr) June & July West Shore (Pre-treatment) Saratoga Yellow Perch (9./hr) 7 Sept. & Oct. 7 NorthEast Shore (Pre) Saratoga Yellow Perch (77./hr) & Oct. NorthEast Shore (Post Treatment) Saratoga Yellow Perch (9./hr) June South Shore (yr Post-treatment) Saratoga Yellow Perch (9./hr) June & July West Shore (Pre-treatment)

Table 9. NYSDEC & SUNY Cobleskill Electrofishing Boat Survey of Saratoga Lake Compared to DEC data from NYSDEC database (unpublished data). May 99 NYS DEC September 7 SUNY Cobleskill Species Number Collected Size Range (mm) Number Collected Size Range (mm) banded killifish 9 - -9 black crappie 9 9- - bluegill 9-97 9-9 bluntnose minnow NA NA brown bullhead 9-9 - chain pickerel NA -7 common carp 7-7 common shiner 9 - NA emerald shiner NA NA golden shiner - NA largemouth bass - -99 logperch NA 9-7 margined madtom NA NA northern pike -9 NA pumpkinseed - - redbreast sunfish 9 7 9-7 rockbass - -9 smallmouth bass 9-7 7- spottail shiner NA NA tesselated darter - NA walleye - - white sucker - NA yellow bullhead NA 7- yellow perch -7 - Total Analysis of the North East shore data (only section where pre- and post- data is available to compare) show no clear trend (deviation between years) in abundance or CPUE (Table ). Most gamefish and panfish catch rates remained remarkably consistent between 7 (NE shore pre-treatment) and (NE shore post treatment). Largemouth bass catch rates actually went up in (77./hr) compared to 7 (.7/hr) (Table ). The southern shore (sampled one year post treatment) had the lowest catch of any area of the lake for both game fish and all fish (Table ). This may be cause for concern, although this low catch rate could be due to a shallow, muddy habitat with little diversity and cannot be attributed to the herbicide treatment because no pretreatment fishery data exists for this section. Overall, Saratoga Lake is a highly productive fishery with great diversity of game and non-game fishes. All fish observed were in good condition and recovered from the stress of electrofishing well. Bluegill are very abundant in Saratoga Lake. Large and smallmouth bass are healthy and abundant. Modest numbers of walleye, northern pike and black crappie are present in Saratoga Lake but more electrofishing and/or gill netting is needed to better understand these fisheries. WORKS CITED Forney,J. L., L.G. Rudstam and D.M. Green. 99. Percid Sampling Manual. Cornell Warmwater Fisheries Unit. Cornell University Biological Field Station. Bridgeport, NY. Murphy, B.R. and D.W. Willis. 99. Fisheries Techniques, nd Ed. American Fisheries Society. Bethesda, MD., USA.

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