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CPR (HLTCPR201B Perform CPR) 2
Action Plan D anger R esponse S end for help A irway B reathing C PR D efibrillation 3
D anger Check for dangers to: Yourself Bystanders Casualty Walk 360 o around the casualty Use all 6 senses Smell Sight Taste Touch Listen Common Sense 4
R esponse Is the casualty responsive? C an you hear me? O pen your eyes W hat s your name? S queeze my hands and let go If the casualty is not responsive, and fluid is suspected in the airway, roll the casualty into recovery position 5
S end for Help Dial 000 Be prepared to give the following information Location of the emergency (including nearby landmarks, closest intersections etc..) The telephone number from where the call is being made What happened How many persons require assistance Condition of the casualty What assistance is being given Any other information requested ** Never hang up before the emergency services operator hangs up ** 6
A irway Open the airway Tilt the casualty s head back to remove tongue from the airway Clear the airway Check to see the airway is free from Obstructions In an unconscious victim, care of the airway takes precedence over ANY injury 7
B reathing Normal Breathing?* Check for signs of life consciousness, responsiveness, movement and normal breathing Look, Listen, Feel Look - for rise and fall of the chest Listen - for breathing noises Feel - for rise and fall of chest and for breath on cheek Watch for rise and fall of the chest 8
Push FIRM Push FAST C PR - 30 : 2 If no signs of life are present give: 30 chest compressions, followed by 2 breaths Centre of the chest Compressions applied too high are ineffective Compressions applied too low may cause regurgitation &/or damage to the vital organs The centre of the chest (sternum) should be depressed by a third of the chest depth 9
2 Breaths Pistol grip Take a breath for yourself Breath into patient Watch for rise and fall of chest 10
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Automated External Defibrillator Attach AED (if available) as soon as possible and follow the prompts 12
- Defibrillators 13
D Dangers Check for dangers R Response Check for response No response S - Send for help Call 000 C CPR Give 30 chest compressions Followed by 2 breaths Continue until qualified help arrives or normal breathing returns D Defibrillation Attach AED (automated external defibrillator) and follow prompts A Airway Open Airway Clear the airway B Breathing Look, Listen & Feel for breathing Responsive? Breathing normally? no yes Place in recovery position Monitor vital signs Provide oxygen 14
RESCUE BREATHING Mouth to mouth Used when no pocket mask is available Mouth to mask Should always be used by First Aiders Minimises transfer of communicable diseases Provides mouth to mouth & nose resuscitation Mouth to nose Can be administered in deep water Mouth to mouth and nose Used to resuscitate infants Mouth to mouth and nose Breath is applied to both the mouth and nose Done to infants Mouth to neck stoma Breath is applied to tube in neck 15
Techniques ADULTS CHILDREN INFANTS Head Tilt: Full Full Neutral Breath Size: Rise and fall of the chest Compression Depth: 1/3 depth of the chest Compression Point: Visual Centre of the chest Compression Method: 2 Hands 1 or 2 Hands 2 Fingers 16
CPR is the technique of rescue breathing combined with chest compressions The purpose of CPR is to temporarily maintain a circulation sufficient to preserve brain function until specialised treatment is available CPR should be continued until: Signs of life return Qualified help arrives and takes over It is impossible to continue Danger returns 17
ADULTS Aged 8 years old plus CHILDREN Aged 1 year old to 8 years old INFANTS Aged up-to 12 months 30 compressions 2 breaths 5 cycles in 2 minutes Almost 2 compressions per second Thirty & Two That s All You Do 18
Multiple rescuers It is recommended that frequent rotation of rescuers is undertaken to reduce fatigue Approximately every 2 minutes Thirty & Two That s All You Do 19
- infant D anger The assessment for danger remains the same R esponse Make loud noises such as clapping Blow air in the infants face Run fingers along the arches of the feet Place finger inside of hands S end for Help Call 000 A irway Both mouth and nose should be cleared Nose can be cleared using the milking technique Open airway is achieved with head in neutral position B reathing Normal Breathing Look, listen and feel Check for signs of life C PR 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths Mouth-to-mouth-and-nose rescue breathing 20 2 fingers on lower half of the sternum
VOMIT REGURGITATION A voluntary response Abdominal muscular contraction occurs Removal is often forceful and projectile Often appears chunky A good sign something is working An involuntary response The stomach distends The contents ooze out Often appears frothy A bad sign often caused by: Over inflation Insufficient head tilt Not allowing enough time between breaths Compressing on the stomach 21
If the casualty vomits or regurgitates during resuscitation they should immediately be rolled onto their side and airway cleared. If no signs of life are present, rescuer should continue with rescue breathing and compressions. If regurgitation is suspected you may be required to adjust: Head tilt Breath size Breath frequency 22
- Choking Choking can be present in a conscious or unconscious casualty Varied severity Some typical causes: Relaxation of the airway muscles Due to unconsciousness Inhaled foreign body Trauma to the airway Anaphylactic reaction May be gradual or sudden onset Some of the signs in a conscious casualty: Anxiety, agitation, gasping sounds, coughing, loss of voice, clutching at neck with thumb and fingers 23
MILD OBSTRUCTION Breathing is labored Breathing may be noisy Some escape of air can be felt from the mouth SEVERE OBSTRUCTION There may be efforts at breathing There is no sound of breathing There is no escape of air from nose &/or mouth 24
The simplest way to determine the severity of a foreign body airway obstruction is to assess for ineffective or effective cough Effective cough (Mild Airway Obstruction) Give reassurance Encourage to keep coughing If obstruction is not relieved, rescuer should CALL 000 25
Ineffective cough (Severe Airway Obstruction) Conscious victim: CALL 000 Perform up to 5 sharp back blows Heel of hand between shoulder blades Check for removal of obstruction between each back blow If back blows aren t successful, perform up to 5 chest thrusts Use CPR compression point Similar to CPR compressions but sharper and delivered at a slower rate Check for removal of obstruction between each chest thrust Continue to alternate between back blows and chest thrusts if obstruction is not relieved 26
Ineffective cough (Severe Airway Obstruction) Unconscious victim: CALL 000 If solid material is visible in the airway sweep it out using your fingers Commence CPR 27
Assess Severity Effective Cough Mild Airway Obstruction Ineffective Cough Severe Airway Obstruction Encourage Coughing Continue to check victim until recovery or deterioration Call ambulance Conscious Call ambulance Give up to 5 Back Blows If not effective Give up to 5 Chest Thrusts 28 Unconscious Call ambulance Commence CPR
Left Lateral Tilt When a heavily pregnant women is lying on her back, the foetus can compress a major blood vessel of the mother (inferior vena cava). This can be minimized by providing sufficient padding under her right buttock, to provide an obvious pelvic tilt to the left whilst leaving the shoulders flat on the floor. Mothers are always right, padding the right buttock 29
TALKING IN AN UNTRAINED BYSTANDER If you believe that there is a responsible bystander that you could use for 2-operator CPR and the casualty would benefit more from receiving 2-operator CPR, you have the choice of talking in an untrained bystander in the situation that you do not have a second trained person to assist. There are many ways to approach talking in an untrained bystander. Some examples: Ask whether the bystander is prepared to help Establish whether they have any first aid experience 30
Ask them to kneel on the opposite side and place hands on the ground and do what you are doing Ask them to place their hands on top of yours to gauge the depth of compressions Ask them to count the compressions for you Ask them to place their hands on the patient and compress with you When you believe they are ready, let them take over the compressions Do not rush the change over The experienced rescuer must always remain at the head 31