Accelerated Chemistry Study Guide Chapter 13: Gases Terms, definitions, topics Diffusion Kinetic Molecular Theory Atmospheric pressure Barometer Manometer STP Absolute zero Page 1 of 42
Molar volume Partial Pressure Ideal Gas Real Gas Gas constant, R Effusion Page 2 of 42
The World of Chemistry Episode 17 - The Precious Envelope 1. What are the three main gases that make up the atmosphere? 2. What is the chemical formula for ozone? 3. What region of the electromagnetic spectrum is absorbed by ozone? 4. What are some positive and negative properties of ozone? 5. What is a CFC? According to the video, how do CFCs affect ozone? 6. What gases were thought to be in the earth's early atmosphere? 7. What is thought to be the source of these gases? 8. How have scientists been able to monitor changes in the earth's atmosphere? 9. What did the color change in the bromthymol blue solution containing the plant show about the role of carbon dioxide and plants? 10. What is meant by the greenhouse effect? What atmospheric gases are thought to be involved in this process? Page 3 of 42
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Accelerated Chemistry: Measuring Gases Amount of Gas (n) Volume of Gas (V) Temperature of Gas (T) Pressure of Gas (P) Units of Pressure 1 atmosphere (atm) = 101,325 Pascal (Pa) = 101.325 kpa 1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr 1 atm = 14.70 lb/in 2 1 bar = 100,000 Pa = 100 kpa = 0.9869 atm STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure): 273K (0ºC, freezing point of water) 1 atm (760 mm Hg, 101,325 Pa) Page 5 of 42
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Accelerated Chemistry: The Gas Laws Boyle s Law P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 Charles s Law V 1 / T 1 = V 2 / T 2 or V 1 T 2 = V 2 T 1 Avogadro s Law V 1 / n 1 = V 2 / n 2 Dalton s Law P T = P a + P b + P c + Combined Gas Law P 1 V 1 / T 1 = P 2 V 2 / T 2 Ideal Gas Law PV = nrt Page 13 of 42
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ChemQuest 35 Information: Gas Pressure Figure 1: Two containers of gas molecules Container 1 Container 2 Gas molecules move randomly in their containers, colliding with the walls of their containers causing gas pressure. Pressure can be defined as the force pushing on an area. It can be described with the equation: F P A where P is pressure (in kpa), F is force (in N) and A is area (in m 2 ). The more molecules collide with the wall and the faster the molecules are going when they strike the wall, the greater the force on the wall and therefore, the higher the pressure. Critical Thinking Questions 1. Use the pressure equation to explain why it would be more likely for an ice skater to fall through the ice on a lake than it would be for someone walking across the lake with regular shoes on. 2. Which container in Figure 1 has the highest pressure? Explain. 3. If I heated container 1 and did not heat container 2, could I get the pressure in container 1 to equal container 2? Explain. 4. If container 2 was made of an elastic material and if I expanded container 2, could I make the two containers have equal gas pressures? Explain. Page 15 of 42
Information: Gas Laws Observe the following experimental data concerning a container of gas. The pressure, volume and temperature of a gas are all related. The table of data was obtained by making measurements of the pressure, volume and temperature of a sample of a gas. Several different kinds of gases were used and all had identical results. The variable that was not changed was the amount of gas present. The number of moles of gas always remained the same during these trials. Table 1: Experimental Data for Gases Trial Pressure (P) Volume (V) Temperature (T) Units: kpa Units: L Units: K A 120 3.2 324.3 B 135 2.5 285.0 C 195 2.3 378.7 D 150 2.0 254.4 E 135 4.2 480.8 F 100 3.0 254.4 G 225 3.2 608.0 H 262 2.8 620.4 Critical Thinking Questions P1 P 2 5. Verify that this equation is true when the volume is unchanged: T1 T2 (Hint: You must use two sets of data where the volume does not change like in trials A and G. Note: the subscript 1 refers to the pressure and temperature for the first trial you select and the subscript 2 refers to the pressure and temperature for the second trial you select.) 6. Scientists often look for relationships between variables. If you wanted to see how the volume and pressure are related you would need to compare data from different trials when the temperature does not change. Why? 7. Find two sets of data in the table that have constant temperature. Which of the following mathematical relationships is true (there may be more than one) when the temperature remains unchanged? This relationship is known as Boyle s Law, named after the person who first discovered it. a) P b) (P 1 )(V 1 ) = (P 2 )(V 2 ) c) P 1 + V 1 = P 2 + V 2 d) 1 P2 P 1 V 1 V1 V2 P2 V2 Page 16 of 42
8. At constant pressure, which of the following equations is/are true? This relationship is known as Charles Law, named after the person who first discovered it. a) V b) (T 1 )(V 1 ) = (T 2 )(V 2 ) c) P 1 + V 1 = P 2 - V 1 V2 2 T T 1 2 9. Complete the following. You may want to consider the equations from questions 5, 7 and 8. a) At constant volume, as the temperature increases, the pressure always. b) At constant temperature, as the volume increases, the pressure always. c) At constant pressure, as the temperature increases, the volume always. 10. If the volume is not constant, is the statement you completed in 9a always true? Justify your answer by citing experimental data from the data table. 11. If the temperature or pressure is not constant are your statements in 9b and 9c correct? Justify your answer. 12. Would the equations you discovered still be true if the temperature was measured in degrees Celsius ( o C) instead of Kelvin (K)? Recall that K = o C + 273 or o C = K 273. 13. Which of the following quantities is a constant? a) PV b) PV + T c) PT T V P1 V1 P2V2 14. Based on your answer to question 13, verify that this equation is true: T This 1 T2 equation is called the Combined Gas Law. Notice that it contains all of the equations combined into one! 15. What needs to remain constant in order for equation 14 to be true? (You may need to refer to the information section.) Page 17 of 42
16. Prove that when the temperature remains constant, the combined gas law becomes Boyle s Law. 17. Prove that when the pressure remains constant, the combined gas law becomes Charles s Law. 18. You have discovered several new mathematical relationships among gases. Now is your chance to practice using these equations! a) At constant temperature, the volume of a gas expands from 4.0 L to 8.0 L. If the initial pressure was 120 kpa, what is the final pressure? b) At constant pressure, a gas is heated from 250 K to 500 K. After heating, the volume of the gas was 12.0 L. What was the initial volume of the gas? Notice: as the temperature doubled, what happened to the volume? c) The volume of a gas was originally 2.5 L; its pressure was 104 kpa and its temperature was 270K. The volume of the gas expanded to 5.3 L and its pressure decreased to 95 kpa. What is the temperature of the gas? 19. At constant temperature, if you increase the volume by a factor of two (doubling the volume), the pressure by a factor of. (Refer to 18a for a hint.) increases or decreases what number Page 18 of 42
Skill Practice 35 IMPORTANT: whenever you use temperature, it must be in degree Kelvin (K), so remember the equation: K = o C + 273 1. a) convert 39 o C to K. b) convert 127 K to o C. 2. A gas has an initial volume of 2.75 L at a temperature of 285 K. If the temperature changes to 380 K, what is the new volume of the gas if the pressure is unchanged? 3. Gas can often be cooled by compressing it while keeping the pressure constant. If I have 45.0 L of gas at room temperature (22 o C) and I compress it so that the final volume is 0.50 L, what is the final temperature of the gas if the pressure is constant? 4. The volume of a gas is 2.5 L when the pressure is at standard pressure (101.325 kpa). What is the volume of the gas if the pressure decreases to 85 kpa and the temperature remains unchanged? 5. A 5.0 L container of gas experiences a temperature change so that the final temperature is 4 times the initial temperature. What is the size of the container after the temperature change? (Assume constant pressure.) 6. At 45 o C the volume of a certain gas is 27.5 L and the pressure is 210 kpa. What is the volume of the gas at standard temperature (273 K) and 310 kpa of pressure? 7. The pressure of a sample of gas was 97.8 kpa and the volume of the gas was 3.75 L. If the gas occupied a container with a volume of 8.00 L, what would the pressure in the container be? 8. Isothermal expansion refers to allowing a gas to expand while keeping the temperature constant. This is one means to simulate a vacuum. If a gas originally at 97 kpa is allowed to expand from 0.25 L to 182 L, what is the pressure of the gas? 9. A gas is initially at a pressure of 225 kpa and a temperature of 245 K in a container that is 4.5 L. If the gas is compressed to a volume of 2.1 L and the temperature changes to 275 K, what is the new pressure? Page 19 of 42
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ChemQuest 38 Information: Collecting Gas Over Water When gas is collected in a container, it is often collected using a technique called, water displacement. In water displacement, a container is filled with water and then gas is bubbled into the container. In this way, the container can be filled with relatively pure gas without air in it. Figure 1A: A beaker is filled with water and then turned upside down in a bucket of water. Rubber tubing is attached to a source of gas so that the gas is bubbling up through the water in the beaker. These gas bubbles force some of the water out of the beaker. Beaker upside down in water Water Bucket Gas bubbles Rubber tubing carrying gas Gas Generator Figure 1B: The same setup after 5 minutes. Beaker upside down in water Collected Gas Water Rubber tubing carrying gas Gas Generator Bucket Critical Thinking Questions 1. To collect the gas, why is the beaker first filled completely with water? What purpose does the water serve? 2. Examine the beaker in Figure 1A and 1B. What causes the water level to go down after 5 minutes? 3. In Figure 1B, is the gas in the beaker pure? Explain. Page 21 of 42
Information: Dry Gas The gas that is collected is not dry because there is some water vapor left behind in the beaker. If you attempt to collect pure oxygen, you will actually get mostly pure oxygen with a little water vapor. You can get an idea of how much water is left behind by examining the water vapor pressure at various temperatures. Critical Thinking Questions Table 1: Vapor pressure of water at various temperatures. Temperature ( o C) Vapor Pressure (kpa) 0 0.6 5 0.9 10 1.2 15 1.6 20 2.3 25 3.2 30 4.2 35 5.6 40 7.4 45 9.8 4. Why is it logical to expect that the vapor pressure of water would increase as the temperature increases? 5. Examine the two containers below. Both contain gases that were collected over water. Which one was collected at the higher temperature gas A or gas B? Explain your answer. Gas A = Gas B = Water vapor = Water vapor = 6. Consider Gas A from question 5. The total pressure in the container is 104 kpa. If the temperature of the container is 20 o C, calculate the pressure of Gas A when it is dry. Hint: find the vapor pressure of water at 20 o C from Table 1 and then subtract it from the total pressure in the container. 7. Consider Gas B from question 5. The total pressure in the container is 110 kpa. If the temperature of the container is 35 o C, calculate the pressure of Gas B when it is dry. Page 22 of 42
Information: Dalton s Law of Partial Pressures John Dalton was one of the first scientists to quantitatively state a mathematical relationship involving the total gas pressure in a container and the individual gases in the container. Dalton s law states that the total pressure of any mixture of gases in a container is the sum of all the individual gas s partial pressures. In equation form, Dalton s law can be written as: P Total = P Gas A + P Gas B + P Gas C + Critical Thinking Questions 8. A container of gas with a pressure of 450 kpa contained three different gases hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. If the partial pressure of hydrogen was 210 kpa and the partial pressure of oxygen was 125 kpa, what was the partial pressure of nitrogen? 9. A tank held neon gas at a pressure of 350 kpa, helium at a pressure of 275 kpa and argon at a pressure of 410 kpa. What was the pressure in the tank? 10. A certain gas was collected over water. The total pressure of the container was 100.0 kpa. The pressure of the dry gas was 94.4 kpa. At what temperature was the gas collected? 11. Hydrogen gas was collected over water at a pressure of 102.5 kpa and a temperature of 25 o C. After sealing the container, it was heated to 210 o C. What is the final pressure of the dry hydrogen gas? (Hints: You must first find P 1 for the gas by subtracting out the water vapor from the given pressure; solve for P 2 using the combined gas law with constant volume.) 12. Oxygen gas was collected over water at 30 o C. The pressure in the 2.5 L container was 110 kpa. If the container was allowed to expand to 7.0 L and if the temperature was decreased to -30 o C, what is the final pressure of the dry oxygen gas? 13. A quantity of oxygen gas was collected over water at 30 o C in a 475 ml container. The pressure in the container was measured to be 105 kpa. How many grams of oxygen gas were collected? Page 23 of 42
Skill Practice 38 1. During an experiment, 17.5 ml of oxygen gas were collected over water at room temperature (25 o C) and 100.2 kpa of atmospheric pressure. The vapor pressure of water at this temperature is 2.6 kpa. a) What is the pressure of the dry oxygen gas? b) How many moles of oxygen gas were produced? c) What is the molar volume of the oxygen gas at the conditions in the laboratory? 2. Zinc metal reacted with hydrochloric acid and 48.5 ml of hydrogen gas were collected over water at 35 o C and 95 kpa of pressure according to the balanced equation, Zn + 2 HCl H 2 + ZnCl 2. How many moles of HCl were used up in the reaction? 3. A gas was collected in a 2.0 L container over water at 40 o C and the pressure in the container was 105 kpa. What would be the volume of the gas at STP? 4. A certain container contains 3 moles of hydrogen gas and 2 moles of oxygen gas. The total pressure in the container is 100 kpa. What is the partial pressure of hydrogen and of oxygen in the container? 5. Oxygen gas was collected over water at 25 o C and 97 kpa by decomposing sodium chlorate: 2 NaClO 3 2 NaCl + 3 O 2 If 1.45 L were collected, how many grams of NaClO 3 were decomposed? Page 24 of 42
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ChemQuest 36 Information: The Gas Constant We previously examined the fact that remains unchanged. PV T is a constant as long as the number of moles of a gas This means that any time you measure a gas, the pressure times the volume divided by the temperature (in Kelvin) will always equal the same number unless the amount of gas in the container changes. We are now going to explore how the pressure, volume and temperature depend on the number of moles of gas that are present. Table 1: Experimental Data for Three Different Samples of Gas That Contain the Same Amount of Gas (# of moles of gas is constant) Gas # of moles of Gas in container (mol) Volume of Container (L) Temperature of Gas (K) Pressure of Gas (kpa) A 0.3008 14.0 672.0 120.0 B 0.3008 16.0 1280 200.0 C 0.3008 10.0 340.0 85.0 Table 2: Experimental Data for Three Different Samples of Gases That Contain Different Amounts of Gas (# of moles of gas is not constant) Gas # of moles of Gas in container Volume of Container (L) Temperature of Gas (K) Pressure of Gas (kpa) D 3.3485 40.0 230.0 160.0 E 0.7306 22.5 315 85 F 0.85950 16.0 280 125 Critical Thinking Questions PV 1. Prove that is a constant for the data in Table 1, but not a constant for the data in Table 2. T PV 2. Why is T a constant in Table 1, but not in Table 2? Page 27 of 42
3. Which of the following is a constant for Table 1 and Table 2? (Note that n means number of moles of gas in the container.) A) PT B) PTn C) (n 2 )PV+T D) PV nv V nt 4. Consider your answer to question 3. Compute the numerical value of the constant by putting values into the equation indicated by your answer to question 3. This constant is given a special name, The Ideal Gas Constant and it has the symbol R. 5. Which of the following equations is true? The equation is known as the Ideal Gas Law. A) PT = nrv B) PV = nrt C) TV = nrp 6. At 215 kpa of pressure and a temperature of 318 K, 2.35 mol of a gas has what volume? (Use the ideal gas law and the ideal gas constant, R, to calculate V. Your answer should be 28.9 L.) 7. What is the temperature of a gas if 4.11 mol of a gas has a pressure of 315 kpa and a volume of 12.5 L? 8. 23.5 g of CO 2 gas is at a temperature of 45 o C and a pressure of 125 kpa. What is the volume of the container? (Hint: change grams to moles and 45 o C to Kelvin.) Information: Molar Volume Molar volume: the volume of one mole of a gas. Depending on the temperature and pressure a mole of gas may have different volumes. Whenever we are speaking of molar volume, we can assume that we are talking about one mole of the gas. Thus, whenever we need to calculate the molar volume, n=1. Page 28 of 42
Critical Thinking Questions 9. What is the molar volume of oxygen gas if the gas has a pressure of 120 kpa and a temperature of 38 o C? Use the ideal gas law (from question 5) with n=1 for one mole of gas and solve for V; remember to use Kelvin temperature and that R always equals 8.31. 10. Prove that if two different gases are at the same pressure and temperature, each gas has the same molar volume. 11. What is the molar volume of any gas at STP? Recall that STP is standard temperature (273 K) and standard pressure (101.325 kpa). 12. Why do you think all gases have the same molar volume at STP? Information: Using the Ideal Gas Law to Calculate Molar Mass You should know that to find the number of moles (n) of a substance, you take the mass (m) of the substance and divide it by its molar mass (M) according to the following equation: # of moles mass Molar mass n m M Now consider the Ideal Gas Law, PV=nRT. Since n=m/m we can replace n with m/m in the ideal gas law to get: m PV RT M By rearranging it a bit, we can get a more useful form of the equation: MPV = mrt. This equation can then be used when you are dealing with grams and molar mass instead of moles. Page 29 of 42
Critical Thinking Questions 13. If 128g of a certain gas in a container with a volume of 21.5 L has a pressure of 132 kpa and a temperature of 45 o C, what is the molar mass of the gas? 14. How many grams of CO 2 are in a 5.0 L container if the pressure in the container is 101 kpa and the temperature is 280 K? 15. If 4.0 L of a gas were produced at STP and the mass of the gas was found to be 12.8g, then what is the molar mass of the gas? Page 30 of 42
Skill Practice 36 1. Under water where the temperature is 17 o C and the pressure is 394 kpa, a diver inhales 2.1 L of air from his SCUBA tank. a) How many moles of gas are in his lungs? b) If the diver swims to the surface without exhaling where the temperature is 32 o C and the pressure changes to 100.2 kpa, what will the volume of the air in his lungs be? 3. On planet X, 2.78 moles of a gas takes up 1.85 L under a pressure of 74.1 kpa and a temperature of 201 o C. What is the value of the ideal gas constant (R) on planet X? (include units) 4. At a pressure of 103 kpa and a temperature of 22 o C, 52.9 g of a certain gas has a volume of 31.5 L. What is the identity of this gas? (Hint: find the molar mass of the gas and match it with the periodic table.) 5. Some oxygen gas has a volume of 41.0 L under a pressure of 245 kpa and a temperature of 279 K. What is the mass of the gas? 6. 17.5 ml of oxygen gas were collected at room temperature (22 o C) and 100.2 kpa of atmospheric pressure. a) How many moles of oxygen gas were produced? b) What is the molar volume of the oxygen gas at the conditions in the laboratory? 7. What is the molar volume of a gas at 135 kpa and 45 o C? Page 31 of 42
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ChemQuest 37 Critical Thinking Questions 1. How many moles and how many grams of hydrogen gas can be produced by reacting 32.8 g of magnesium according to the following balanced equation? Mg (s) + 2 HCl (aq) MgCl 2 (aq) + H 2 (g) 2. Considering your answer to question 1, what volume of hydrogen gas was produced if this reaction was carried out at STP? 3. Nitrogen gas can be produced by reacting Na 3 N with chlorine gas. If the reaction was carried out at STP with 34.8 g of Na 3 N, what volume of nitrogen gas can be produced? (Hint: first use stoichiometry to calculate the number of moles of nitrogen produced and then use the ideal gas law.) Information: Mole Ratios in Chemical Equations and Volume As you know, the coefficients in balanced equations relate the number of moles of reactants to each other. For gaseous reactions, the coefficients relate not only the moles but also the number of liters of reactants and products to each other. For example, consider the following reaction, noting that (g) means that the substances are gaseous: N 2 (g) + 2 O 2 (g) 2 NO 2 (g) The coefficients tell you that for every mole of N 2, two moles of O 2 react and two moles of NO 2 are produced. It also tells you that for each liter of N 2, two liters of O 2 react and two liters of NO 2 are produced. Page 33 of 42
Critical Thinking Questions 4. Verify that for the following reaction to be completed, 4 liters of hydrogen would require at least 2 liters of oxygen gas at the same pressure and temperature. 2 H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) 2 H 2 O (g) 5. In a certain combustion reaction involving propane, 34.4 L of CO 2 was produced. How many liters of propane (C 3 H 8 ) were combusted? Assume the reaction took place at STP. 6. How many grams of sodium are required to produce 31.9 L of H 2 at 97 kpa and 290 K according to the following balanced equation? 2 HNO 3 + 2 Na 2 NaNO 3 + H 2 7. At room temperature (25 o C) and pressure (100 kpa), 381g of octane (C 8 H 18 ) was burned in an atmosphere of plenty of oxygen gas. How many liters of each product were produced? Page 34 of 42
Skill Practice 37 1. In a reaction, 24.9 L of N 2 reacts with excess H 2 to produce NH 3. How many liters of NH 3 were produced? How many grams of NH 3 is this? The pressure in the lab is 97.8 kpa and the temperature was 23.7 o C. 2. If 22.5 L of oxygen reacted with excess hydrogen, how many liters of water vapor (gaseous water) could be produced? 3. The combustion of a certain wax can be represented by the following balanced equation: C 22 H 44 + 33 O 2 22 CO 2 + 22 H 2 O If 185g of wax (C 22 H 44 ) burns, how many liters of oxygen gas were used up? Assume the conditions in the lab are 101 kpa and 25 o C. 4. Zinc metal reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas. How many liters of hydrogen can be produced at STP if 13.5g of zinc are reacted with excess HCl? Zn + 2 HCl H 2 + ZnCl 2 5. If 210g of hydrogen gas react in an atmosphere of excess nitrogen, how many liters of NH 3 can be produced? Assume condtions are at STP. Page 35 of 42
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Name Period Date Accelerated Chemistry 2017-2018 Practice Test: Chapter 13 Gases, v1 56 Points GIVEN: 101.325 kpa = 760.0 torr = 760.0 mm Hg = 1.000 atm R = 0.0821 L-atm/mol-K = 8.31 kpa-l/mol-k I. Multiple Choice (2 point each, total 20 points) Directions: Read each question and answer choice CAREFULLY. Select the letter of the BEST answer and mark it in the space to the left of the problem. 1. A 1.0 mole sample of gas is confined in a 2.5 liter flask at STP. If the volume of the gas were tripled, what would happen to the pressure if the Kelvin temperature were held constant? a. It would triple. b. It would decrease to 1/3 of the original pressure. c. There would be no change. d. It is impossible to determine without knowing the identity of the gas. 2. Half of a sample of gas A is removed, thereby halving the mass, and the pressure and temperature were held constant, the volume of the gas would a. double. b. decrease by half. c. not change. d. It is impossible to determine without knowing the identity of the gas. 3. A mixture of N 2, O 2, and CO 2 gases are at STP in a 2-liter closed container. There are a total of 12 moles of gas molecules inside the container. If the N 2 concentration is 3.0 mol/l and the O 2 concentration is 2.0 mol/l, what is the partial pressure of CO 2 in mm Hg? a. 1/12 x 760 mm Hg c. 1/3 x 760 mm Hg b. 1/6 x 760 mm Hg d. 1/2 x 760 mm Hg 4. If the number of moles and volume of a gas are kept constant, the pressure and temperature of the gas are a. also constant d. independent of one another b. directly proportional. e. equal to each other c. inversely proportional. Page 1 of 4 Page 39 of 42
Name Period Date 5. When a fixed volume of a gas is kept at constant temperature, the number of moles and pressure of the gas are a. also constant d. independent of one another b. directly proportional. e. equal to each other c. inversely proportional. 6. Real gases show non-ideal behavior under conditions of a. high temperature and high pressure. b. high temperature and low pressure. c. low temperatures and high pressure. d. low temperatures and low pressure. 7. When you blow more air into a balloon, you are changing a. P and V c. n and V b. V and T d. T and P 8. Which of these gases has the smallest volume at STP? a. 4 grams of hydrogen b. 4 grams of nitrogen c. 4 grams of helium d. 4 grams of oxygen 9. Two 500 ml flasks contain gas at STP; flask A contains nitrogen monoxide, flask B dinitrogen dioxide. Choose the correct statement. a. Flask A has less mass, but the same number of particles as B. b. Flask A has less mass, and fewer particles than B. c. Flask A has more mass, but fewer particles than B. d. Flask A has more mass, but the same number of particles as B. e. More information is needed to compare the masses and number of particles. 10. A gas is collected over water at a certain temperature. The total pressure is 762 torr. The vapor pressure of water at this temperature is 17 torr. The partial pressure of the gas collected is a. 762 torr b. 17 torr c. 779 torr d. 745 torr Page 2 of 4 Page 40 of 42
Name Period Date PART II: FREE RESPONSE (total 36 points) Questions 11 and 12 refer to the following diagram (Figure 13-1): 1.022 atm X Figure 13-1 11. The valve in Figure 13-1 is open. The pressure of the gas in the closed container is 0.911 atm. What is the height of the mercury in the open side of the manometer, labeled X? (6 points) 12. If the container was reduced in size, would the value of X increase, decrease, or remain the same? Explain. (4 points) 13. For each of the following properties of gases, briefly describe the assumption of the Kinetic Molecular Theory of gases that explains the property. (6 points) Gases are easily compressible Pressure of a gas depends on its temperature The mass of a balloon filled with carbon dioxide is greater than the mass of the empty balloon Page 3 of 4 Page 41 of 42
Name Period Date 14. A 6.40 g sample of propene, C 3 H 6, is burned in oxygen. Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced at 28.5 C in a rigid container having a pressure of 745 torr. (10 points) 15. The temperature of a gas in a rigid, sealed container decreases from 42.5 C to 34.6 C, while the pressure changes from 788.0 mm Hg to a new value. (10 points) a) Calculate the new pressure value b) After the change in temperature and pressure, you poke a hole in the side of the container. Will air rush in, rush out, or will nothing happen? The atmospheric pressure is 1.00 atm. Show your work and explain your answer. No credit will be given if work is not shown. Page 4 of 4 Page 42 of 42