Groningen welcome to the cycling paradise
Nienke de Jong Municipality of Groningen Department of Spatial Planning and Economic Affairs (ROEZ) Bureau of Traffic and Transport Nienke.de.jong@groningen.nl
Content of this presentation Impression of Groningen 7 key succes factors to why cycling is popular in Groningen Bicycles (parking) at the railway station Park and Ride (P+R) and bikes Bicycles (parking) in the city centre
Location of Groningen the Netherlands
AMSTERDAM Groningen
Groningen The city in the Region
Facts and figures of Groningen 84 km 2 188,000 inhabitants 134,000 jobs (about 55,000 in city center) 49,000 students (more than 50% lives in Groningen) 85,000 houses 75,000 cars (0,41 cars per person) 300,000 bicycles (estimated)
T-structure
Everyday commuting 215,000 commuters per day in 2020 most people arrive from the south 75% arrives by car, 15% by public transport
Everyday commuting traffic jam on main infrastructure Succes factor 1
Politics - Succes factor 2 Seat distribution City Council Groningen 5% 5% 3% 3% 23% Labour Party (PvdA) Green Party (GroenLinks) Socialist Party (SP) 13% Democrats (D66) Liberal Party (VVD) City Party (Stadspartij) Christian Democrats (CDA) 15% 10% 10% 13% Christian Union (CU) Student Party (Student en Stad) Animal Party (PvdD) Mayor and Executive Board
Traffic circulation More space for pedestrians, cyclist and public transport
Traffic circulation Succes factor 3 P P P P P P
Traffic circulation - evaluation mid term review in 1980 number of visitors to city centre stayed the same as 1976 use of bicycle stayed the same as 1976 increase in number of pedestrians (7% up) decrease in number of cars (44% down) increase in use of public transport traffic and transport policy after 1977: almost car free city centre and good facilities for bicycle and public transport!
Traffic circulation in 2010 start of study for extending the city centre sectors towards the ring road Main objectives are: increasing the liveability in the city contribution to a sustainable city (most sustainable city in 2025) decreasing the car use between different neighbourhoods
Traffic circulation
Compact city Building more city within the city
Compact city Succes factor 4 integral approach of town planning and mobility small city centre (only 1 km 2 ) = beautiful within 3 kilometres of city centre live 80% of inhabitants within 3 kilometres of city centre are 90% of jobs most distances are less than 5 kilometres compact city results in high usage of bicycle Groningen: Bicycle city 2002
2011
Bicycle infrastructure Cycling, the most sustainable mode of transport
Facts and figures of cycling 205 kilometre of special infrastructure (bicycle paths and lanes) = Succes factor 5 3,35 movements per person per day in total 1,31 movement per person per day by bicycle (average in the Netherlands is 0,84) 60% of all movements by bicycle some routes 14.500 cyclists a day
Vervoerwijze in Groningen 59,0% 4,2% 36,8% Auto Fiets OV
Bicycle infrastructure special bicycle lanes Vervoerwijze in Groningen 59,0% 4,2% 36,8% Auto Fiets OV
Bicycle infrastructure roundabout where cyclists have right of way Vervoerwijze in Groningen 59,0% 4,2% 36,8% Auto Fiets OV
Bicycle infrastructure special bicycle paths Vervoerwijze in Groningen 59,0% 4,2% 36,8% Auto Fiets OV
Bicycle infrastructure bicycle tunnel Vervoerwijze in Groningen 59,0% 4,2% 36,8% Auto Fiets OV
Bicycle infrastructure pedestrian areas (shared space) Vervoerwijze in Groningen 59,0% 4,2% 36,8% Auto Fiets OV
Traffic lights - Succes factor 6 green light for all directions at the same time right turn on red waiting Vervoerwijze time in Groningen forecast 59,0% 4,2% 36,8% Auto Fiets OV
Traffic lights green light for all directions at the same time Vervoerwijze in Groningen 59,0% 4,2% 36,8% Auto Fiets OV
Traffic lights right turn on red Vervoerwijze in Groningen 59,0% 4,2% 36,8% Auto Fiets OV
Traffic lights waiting time forecast Vervoerwijze in Groningen 59,0% 4,2% 36,8% Auto Fiets OV
Traffic lights inflated bicycle lane Vervoerwijze in Groningen 59,0% 4,2% 36,8% Auto Fiets OV
Traffic lights bicycle lanes for each direction Vervoerwijze in Groningen 59,0% 4,2% 36,8% Auto Fiets OV
The (bicycle city) Malmö examples separate (inflated) bicycle lanes, tunnels, facilities Vervoerwijze in Groningen 59,0% 4,2% 36,8% Auto Fiets OV
Communication and information Succes factor 7 brochures, advertisements,
Communication and information press invitation
Communication and information The Malmö example
Communication and information promotion to the shop with the ringing of the bicycle-bell
Railway station
Why do people come by bike to the station? = Bicycle parking facilities 9.300 places
History building the City Balcony railway station area before City Balcony
History building the City Balcony start of the project 2002 budget 10 million one central bus station, safer for pedestrians create better opportunities for bicycle parking increase the quality of the railway station area
History building the City Balcony City Balcony
History building the City Balcony City Balcony
History building the City Balcony City Balcony
Characteristics railway station-area number of bikes almost doubled in six years 10000 9300 10000 8000 7000 7900 7000 6000 6100 5700 5000 5500 6100 4000 3700 4400 2000 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Thursday Saturday
Characteristics railway station-area capacity 9.300 places, 10.000-12.000 bikes in the weekend 1 guarded bicycle shelter (Dutch Railways) 1 bicycle shelter with 24-hour surveillance free bicycle parking (except guarded bicycle shelter during week) maximum parking duration 12 days not allowed to park bikes outside facilities
Characteristics railway station-area too many bikes or not enough racks!
Maintenance bikes will be removed longer than 12 days and/or outside facilities in 2009 were 6.117 bikes removed only 2.089 bikes (one-third) were picked up by owner removed bikes are transported to depot with 2.300 places owners have to pay 25,- to get bike back every two weeks there is a bike-sale (in 2009: 37.000,-)
Maintenance bikes will be removed restricted zone for parked bicycles
Maintenance bikes will be removed bicycle with maintenance-labels
New train stations intensify number of trains on regional train network
New train stations with bicycle shelters (1.500 places)
Park and Ride (P+R) From P+R to street parking in the city centre
Parking policy our car parking policy contributes significantly to a: accessible, sustainable and attractive city Attractive City Parking policy Sustainable City Accessible City
Parking policy City centre Old quarters New quarters Suburbs Business and industrial area
Park-and-Ride policy Car Parking Travel Car Parking Travel
Park-and-Ride policy realise new locations and expand existing locations increase the quality of all locations enhance the accessibility of P+R by car and bike agreements with big employers
Park-and-Ride policy
Park-and-Ride policy
The end Questions?
Bicycle parking in the city centre the latest challenge in Groningen s bicycle policy
University
Dilemma more bikes than racks 4 guarded bicycle shelters (total capacity 1.200) new bicycle shelter Groninger Forum in 2015 (capacity 1.700) on-street parking facilities (total capacity 4.500) on-street parked bicycles (8.000) this means
Dilemma more bikes than racks no more space on footpath
Dilemma more bikes than racks everywhere bicycles
Dilemma more bikes than racks accessibility to doors
Dilemma more bikes than racks unsafe for pedestrians
Dilemma more bikes than racks front door destination is part of the bicycle success regulation/organizing bicycle parking may undermine this finding a new balance in accessibility, order and city appearance
Solution project City Bikes start of project in 2005 as an experiment attempt to get grip on the problem 1.500 extra parking places for bicycles use of bicycle shelters for free introduction of the red carpet (7 locations) introduction of peak hour parking facilities for cyclists (1.300) target: 10% less on-street parked bicycles
Solution project City Bikes signs bikes are being removed! Vervoerwijze in Groningen 59,0% 4,2% 36,8% Auto Fiets OV
Solution project City Bikes introduction red carpet
Solution project City Bikes peak hour parking facilities before
Solution project City Bikes peak hour parking facilities after
The end Questions?
Facts and figures of cycling average speed is 14,2 kilometre per hour average distance within 10 minutes is 2,4 kilometres (by car 1,6 kilometres) stolen bicycles 7.000 in 2008 (2.760 notifications)
Facts and figures of cycling traffic safety over 10 years Traffic casualties 2000-2009 800 600 400 200 0 5 9 143 8 164 11 3 142 5 1 3 159 118 103 120 6 112 100 5 537 471 78 412 336 322 342 317 377 275 226 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Light injured Admission to hospital Passed aw ay
Facts and figures of cycling severe victims per transportmode Severe victims per transportmode in 2009 45 30 15 0 38 18 13 9 1 3 1 Car Bus Motorcycle Moped Bicycle Pedestrian Remaining