D Freshwater fishes introduced to ten countries

D Freshwater fishes introduced to ten countries Table D3. Numbers of introductions to other countries and establishment a success for exotic freshwater fish introduced to the ten countries. Total species introductions b : number of other countries around the world where releases of the species have been recorded. introductions b : number of other countries around the world where the species is recorded as established a. Total genus introductions c : number of other countries a around the world where releases of species in the same genus have been recorded. Successful genus introductions c : number of other number of other countries around the world where the species in the same genus have been recorded are recorded as established a. Total family introductions d : total number of other countries around the world where releases of species in the same family are recorded. Successful family introductions d : number of other countries around the world where the species in the same family are recorded as established a. Failed species in Australia Family Total species introductions b Successful species introductions b Total genus introductions c Successful genus introductions c Total family introductions d Successful family introductions d Aequidens rivulatus Cichlidae 1 1 1 1 286 236 Gambusia dominicensis Poeciliidae 1 1 59 57 144 134 Heros severus Cichlidae 1 0 1 0 286 236 Jordanella floridae Cyprinodontidae 0 0 2 2 2 2 Lateolabraxjaponicus Percichthyidae 0 0 0 0 1 0 Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Salmonidae 15 4 102 53 258 136 Oreochromis aureus Cichlidae 25 22 170 146 286 236 Oreochromis urolepis Cichlidae 1 1 170 146 286 236 Puntius tetrazona Cyprinidae 2 1 13 11 438 319 Salmo salar Salmonidae 14 5 50 31 258 136 Thorichtys meeki Cichlidae 3 3 3 3 286 236 Vieja synspila Cichlidae 0 0 0 0 286 236 established in Australia Acanthogobius flavimanus Gobiidae 1 1 1 1 14 14 Acentrogobius pflaumii Gobiidae 0 0 0 0 14 14 Aequidenspulcher Cichlidae 1 0 1 0 286 235 Amphilophus citrinellus Cichlidae 1 1 1 1 286 235 Archocentrus nigrofasciatus Cichlidae 2 1 2 1 286 235 Astronotus ocellatus Cichlidae 8 5 8 5 285 235 Carassius auratus Cyprinidae 45 44 53 51 438 318 Cichlasoma octofasciatum Cichlidae 2 2 20 13 286 235 Cichlasoma trimaculatum Cichlidae 1 0 20 13 286 235 1

Cyprinus carpio Cyprinidae 86 78 86 78 438 318 Gambusia holbrooki Poeciliidae 10 10 58 56 144 133 Geophagus brasiliensis Cichlidae 1 0 2 1 286 235 Haplochromis burtoni Cichlidae 0 0 0 0 286 235 Hemichromis bimaculatus Cichlidae 3 3 3 3 286 235 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Cobitidae 4 4 5 5 5 5 Oncorhynchus mykiss Salmonidae 56 41 102 52 258 135 Oreochromis mossambicus Cichlidae 67 63 170 145 286 235 Perca fluviatilis Percidae 6 6 7 7 25 24 Phalloceros caudimaculatus Poeciliidae 2 2 2 2 144 133 Poecilia latipinna Poeciliidae 9 8 51 46 144 133 Poecilia reticulata Poeciliidae 30 29 51 46 144 133 Puntius conchonius Cyprinidae 4 3 12 10 437 317 Rutilus rutilus Cyprinidae 4 3 6 4 438 318 Salmo trutta Salmonidae 32 24 50 30 258 135 Salvelinus fontinalis Salmonidae 36 23 56 33 258 135 Tanichthys albonubes Cyprinidae 1 1 1 1 438 318 Tilapia mariae Cichlidae 1 1 42 36 286 235 Tilapia zillii Cichlidae 17 15 42 36 286 235 Tinca tinca Cyprinidae 18 15 18 15 438 318 Trichogaster trichopterus Belontiidae 7 5 25 20 36 29 Tridentiger trigonocephalus Gobiidae 2 2 2 2 13 13 Xiphophorus hellerii Poeciliidae 14 13 26 23 144 133 Xiphophorus maculatus Poeciliidae 8 7 26 23 144 133 Failed species in Italy Acipenser transmontanus Acipenseridae 6 1 17 1 20 1 Anguilla japonica Anguillidae 5 1 15 5 15 5 Astronotus ocellatus Cyprinidae 42 13 42 13 438 319 Aristichthys nobilis Cichlidae 8 6 8 6 286 236 Barbodes schwanenfeldii Cyprinidae 0 0 14 12 438 319 Osphronemus goramy Salmonidae 7 0 35 18 258 136 Coregonus clupeaformis Salmonidae 9 3 102 53 258 136 Oncorhynchus kisutch Salmonidae 15 4 102 53 258 136 Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Osphronemidae 11 4 11 4 11 4 Salmo salar Salmonidae 14 5 50 31 258 136 Salvelinus alpinus Salmonidae 7 3 56 34 258 136 established in Italy Odontesthes bonariensis Ictaluridae 5 5 5 5 5 5 Lepomis auritus Ictaluridae 3 3 49 42 120 92 Lepomis gibbosus Ictaluridae 18 18 49 42 120 92 2

Micropterus salmoides Cyprinidae 41 34 59 41 120 92 Carassius auratus Salmonidae 45 44 53 51 438 318 Ctenopharyngodon idella Salmonidae 41 22 41 22 438 318 Cyprinus carpio Cyprinidae 86 78 86 78 438 318 Pachychilon pictum Cyprinidae 1 1 1 1 438 318 Pseudorasbora parva Poeciliidae 14 14 14 14 438 318 Rhodeus sericeus Centrarchidae 3 3 5 5 438 318 Ameiurus melas Centrarchidae 16 16 58 55 74 62 Ameiurus natalis Centrarchidae 1 1 58 55 74 62 Ameiurus nebulosus Atherinidae 37 35 58 55 74 62 Sander lucioperca Cyprinidae 14 14 14 14 25 24 Gambusia affinis Cyprinidae 46 44 58 56 144 133 Coregonus lavaretus Cyprinidae 7 5 35 17 258 135 Coregonus oxyrhynchus Salmonidae 0 0 35 17 258 135 Salvelinus fontinalis Percidae 36 23 56 33 258 135 Silurus glanis Siluridae 6 6 6 6 6 6 Failed species in Japan Lepomis cyanellus Sciaenidae 7 5 49 43 120 93 Pomoxis nigromaculatus Cyprinidae 4 3 7 5 120 93 Oreochromis macrochir Salmonidae 11 4 170 146 286 236 Sarotherodon galilaeus Cyprinidae 6 4 9 6 286 236 Sarotherodon melanotheron Centrarchidae 2 2 9 6 286 236 Catla catla Moronidae 9 5 9 5 438 319 Labeo rohita Salmonidae 8 2 9 3 438 319 Morone saxatilis Salmonidae 5 2 10 4 13 5 Osphronemus goramy Salmonidae 11 4 11 4 11 4 Coregonus clupeaformis Cichlidae 7 0 35 18 258 136 Oncorhynchus mykiss Osphronemidae 56 42 102 53 258 136 Oncorhynchus nerka Centrarchidae 5 1 102 53 258 136 Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Cichlidae 15 4 102 53 258 136 Aplodinotus grunniens Cichlidae 0 0 0 0 2 2 established in Japan Odontesthes bonariensis Cyprinidae 5 5 5 5 5 5 Macropodus chinensis Channidae 0 0 1 0 35 28 Lepomis macrochirus Channidae 13 11 49 42 120 92 Micropterus salmoides Salmonidae 41 34 59 41 120 92 Channa argus Cyprinidae 0 0 10 8 10 8 Channa maculata Poeciliidae 0 0 10 8 10 8 Oreochromis aureus Cyprinidae 25 21 170 145 286 235 Oreochromis mossambicus Centrarchidae 67 63 170 145 286 235 3

Oreochromis niloticus Belontiidae 42 36 170 145 286 235 Oreochromis urolepis hornorum Cyprinidae 0 0 170 145 286 235 Tilapia sparrmanii Centrarchidae 1 1 42 36 286 235 Tilapia zillii Cyprinidae 17 15 42 36 286 235 Aristichthys nobilis Atherinidae 42 12 42 12 438 318 Ctenopharyngodon idella Salmonidae 41 22 41 22 438 318 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Cichlidae 43 29 43 29 438 318 Megalobrama amblycephala Cichlidae 1 0 5 0 438 318 Mylopharyngodon piceus Cichlidae 12 4 12 4 438 318 Rhodeus ocellatus Cichlidae 1 1 5 5 438 318 Tinca tinca Cyprinidae 18 15 18 15 438 318 Gambusia affinis Salmonidae 46 44 58 56 144 133 Coregonus lavaretus Salmonidae 7 5 35 17 258 135 Oncorhynchus kisutch Salmonidae 9 2 102 52 258 135 Salmo trutta Cichlidae 32 24 50 30 258 135 Salvelinus fontinalis Cichlidae 36 23 56 33 258 135 Salvelinus namaycush Cyprinidae 10 6 56 33 258 135 Failed species in Morocco Pomoxis annularis Cyprinidae 2 2 7 5 120 93 Pomoxis nigromaculatus Esocidae 4 3 7 5 120 93 Lates niloticus Esocidae 4 3 5 3 5 3 Aristichthys nobilis Centropomidae 42 13 42 13 438 319 Esox masquinongy Salmonidae 0 0 11 9 11 9 Esox niger Centrarchidae 1 1 11 9 11 9 Oncorhynchus clarki Centrarchidae 2 0 102 53 258 136 Salmo trutta Salmonidae 32 25 50 31 258 136 Salvelinus alpinus Salmonidae 7 3 56 34 258 136 Salvelinus fontinalis Salmonidae 36 24 56 34 258 136 Thymallus thymallus Salmonidae 1 0 3 0 258 136 established in Morocco Lepomis cyanellus Cyprinidae 7 4 49 42 120 92 Lepomis gibbosus Cyprinidae 18 18 49 42 120 92 Lepomis macrochirus Esocidae 13 11 49 42 120 92 Lepomis microlophus Poeciliidae 2 1 49 42 120 92 Micropterus salmoides Cyprinidae 41 34 59 41 120 92 Barbus barbus Centrarchidae 1 1 5 3 438 318 Cyprinus carpio Centrarchidae 86 78 86 78 438 318 Gobio gobio gobio Centrarchidae 3 3 3 3 438 318 Mylopharyngodon piceus Centrarchidae 12 4 12 4 438 318 Rutilus rutilus Centrarchidae 4 3 6 4 438 318 4

Scardinius erythrophthalmus Cyprinidae 5 5 5 5 438 318 Tinca tinca Salmonidae 18 15 18 15 438 318 Esox lucius Percidae 8 7 11 8 11 8 Perca fluviatilis Cyprinidae 6 6 7 7 25 24 Sander lucioperca Percidae 14 14 14 14 25 24 Gambusia affinis Cyprinidae 46 44 58 56 144 133 Oncorhynchus mykiss Cyprinidae 56 41 102 52 258 135 Failed species in Czechoslovakia (released but failed to Ictiobus cyprinella Clariidae 5 1 14 5 17 8 Ictiobus niger Salmonidae 5 2 14 5 17 8 Oreochromis aureus Salmonidae 25 22 170 146 286 236 Oreochromis niloticus Catostomidae 42 37 170 146 286 236 Clarias gariepinus Catostomidae 13 8 21 15 21 15 Mylopharyngodon piceus Cyprinidae 12 5 12 5 438 319 Coregonus autumnalis Cichlidae 0 0 35 18 258 136 Hucho hucho Cichlidae 6 0 6 0 258 136 Salvelinus alpinus Salmonidae 32 25 50 31 258 136 Salvelinus namaycush Salmonidae 10 7 56 34 258 136 Thymallus baicalensis Salmonidae 1 0 3 0 258 136 established in Czechoslovakia Aristichthys nobilis Ictaluridae 42 12 42 12 438 318 Carassius auratus gibelio Cyprinidae 45 44 53 51 438 318 Ctenopharyngodon idella Cyprinidae 41 22 41 22 438 318 Cyprinus carpio carpio Salmonidae 86 78 86 78 438 318 Pseudorasbora parva Salmonidae 14 14 14 14 438 318 Gasterosteus aculeatus Cyprinidae 1 1 1 1 2 2 Ameiurus nebulosus Cyprinidae 37 35 58 55 74 62 Sander lucioperca Gasterosteidae 14 14 14 14 25 24 Coregonus lavaretus Salmonidae 7 5 35 17 258 135 Coregonus peled Cyprinidae 11 9 35 17 258 135 Oncorhynchus mykiss Salmonidae 56 41 102 52 258 135 Salvelinus fontinalis Percidae 36 23 56 33 258 135 Failed species in Thailand Anguilla japonica Anguillidae 5 1 15 5 15 5 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Cyprinidae 43 30 43 30 438 319 Mylopharyngodon piceus Cyprinidae 12 5 12 5 438 319 Oncorhynchus mykiss Salmonidae 56 42 102 53 258 136 Oncorhynchus rhodurus Salmonidae 2 0 102 53 258 136 5

established in Thailand Gymnocorymbus ternetzi Cyprinidae 1 1 1 1 11 2 Cichlasoma octofasciatum Cichlidae 1 1 19 12 286 235 Oreochromis aureus Cyprinidae 25 21 170 145 286 235 Oreochromis mossambicus Poeciliidae 67 63 170 145 286 235 Oreochromis niloticus Characidae 42 36 170 145 286 235 Carassius auratus Cichlidae 45 44 53 51 438 318 Cyprinus carpio Cichlidae 86 78 86 78 438 318 Gambusia affinis Cichlidae 46 44 58 56 144 133 Failed species in Britain Micropterus dolomieu Salmonidae 13 4 59 42 120 93 Oreochromis aureus Salmonidae 25 22 170 146 286 236 Sander vitreus Centrarchidae 0 0 14 15 25 25 Coregonus clupeaformis Salmonidae 7 0 35 18 258 136 Hucho hucho Cichlidae 7 0 7 0 258 136 Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Salmonidae 15 4 102 53 258 136 Salvelinus namaycush Percidae 10 7 56 34 258 136 Umbra krameri Umbridae 0 0 5 5 6 5 established in Britain Ambloplites rupestris Centrarchidae 2 2 2 2 120 92 Barbus barbus Ictaluridae 1 1 5 3 438 318 Carassius auratus auratus Ictaluridae 45 44 53 51 438 318 Cyprinus carpio carpio Cyprinidae 86 78 86 78 438 318 Leucaspius delineatus Cyprinidae 2 2 2 2 438 318 Leuciscus idus Cyprinidae 2 1 4 2 438 318 Rhodeus sericeus Ictaluridae 3 3 5 5 438 318 Ameiurus melas Cyprinidae 16 16 58 55 74 62 Ameiurus nebulosus Cyprinidae 37 35 58 55 74 62 Ictalurus punctatus Salmonidae 14 5 14 5 74 62 Sander lucioperca Cyprinidae 14 14 14 14 25 24 Oncorhynchus mykiss Salmonidae 56 41 102 52 258 135 Salvelinus fontinalis Percidae 36 23 56 33 258 135 Silurus glanis Siluridae 6 6 6 6 6 6 a The term established uniformly refers to self-maintaining wild populations of non-native species. c Multiple introductions of the same species into a single jurisdiction are only counted as a single introduction event. d Multiple introductions of the same species into a single jurisdiction are only counted as a single introduction event, but introductions of more than one species in the same genus into a single jurisdiction are counted as separate introduction events. e Multiple introductions of the same species into a single jurisdiction are only counted as a single introduction event, but introductions of more than one species in the same family into a single jurisdiction are counted as separate introduction events. 6

f For Great Britain (Scotland, England and Wales), only species introduced from outside the British Isles were included. g For California, species translocated from the eastern states of the USA were included to increase the sample size, but any species originally native within California were excluded. h For Florida, only exotic species introduced from outside the USA were included. 7