Marine Turtle Bycatch in FWI Net Fisheries Laurent LOUIS-JEAN 1,2, P. LENFANT 2, R. GALZIN 2, E. DELCROIX 3, B. LOGEAIS and J.-P. MARECHAL 1 1 OMMM, Martinique - 2 CNRS EPHE, France - 3 Kap Natirel, Guadeloupe WIDECAST Annual Meeting 10-11 April 2011 San Diego, USA
WIDECAST 31 st ISTS Guadeloupe & Martinique FWI
THE FWI FISHERIES - 2100 boats - Small scale - Coastal (> 60%) IFREMER, 2009
THE FWI FISHERIES - 2100 boats - Small scale - Coastal (> 60%) - Main fishing gears : Antillean traps Line Nets (gill & trammel) IFREMER, 2009
BOTTOM NETS Fish Lobster Queen conch Gill net ( tight meshes ) Trammel net ( tight/loose meshes ) Folle net ( loose meshes )
THE TRAMMEL NET Bottom net 3 layers superimposed (Nédélec, 1999)
THE TRAMMEL NET Discards Bycatch Problems of sustainability
OBJECTIVES 1 2 Determine the bottom net techniques Test and compare professionnal and modified nets - improve the selectivity - maintain the productivity - decrease the bycatch METHOD Technique gill / trammel / folle Height low / high Incline floats / no floats
FISH NETS 72 experimental trials 2769 individual captured 64 species Photos : fishbase.com
FISH NETS Marketable sp vs non marketable 5 4 Com Non Com 3 2 1 0 T2 T4 D2 D4 Trammel Gill
FISH NETS Marketable sp vs non marketable 5 4 3 Com Non Com Selectivity More discards in trammel nets 2 1 0 T2 T4 D2 D4 Trammel Gill
FISH NETS Marketable sp vs non marketable 5 4 3 2 1 Com Non Com Selectivity More discards in trammel nets Productivity Gill net more productive 0 T2 T4 D2 D4 Trammel Gill
FISH NETS Marine Turtle Bycatch 30 25 20 15 Dead Alive 50% of mortality (mean soak time: 5h) 10 5 0 T2 T4 G2 G4 Trammel Gill
FISH NETS Marine Turtle Bycatch 30 25 20 15 10 5 Dead Alive 50% of mortality (mean soak time: 5h) High profile trammel net 0 T2 T4 G2 G4 Trammel Gill
LOBSTER NETS 78 experimental trials 4962 individual captured 59 species 2832 lobsters 3 species Photos : fishbase.com
LOBSTER NETS Marketable sp vs non marketable 30 25 Com Non Com 20 15 10 5 0 T0 T1 D0 D1 Trammel Gill
LOBSTER NETS Marketable sp vs non marketable 30 25 20 Com Non Com Selectivity Few discards 15 10 5 0 T0 T1 D0 D1 Trammel Gill
LOBSTER NETS Marketable sp vs non marketable 30 25 20 15 10 5 Com Non Com Selectivity Few discards Productivity Trammel net more productive 0 T0 T1 D0 D1 Trammel Gill
LOBSTER NETS Marine Turtle Bycatch 6 5 4 3 2 1 Dead Alive 90% of mortality (mean soak time: 13h) 0 T0 T1 G0 G1 Trammel Gill
LOBSTER NETS Marine Turtle Bycatch 6 5 4 3 Dead Alive 90% of mortality (mean soak time: 13h) 2 1 More bycatch in trammel nets 0 T0 T1 G0 G1 Trammel Gill
CONCH NETS 76 experimental trials 2738 individual captured Photos : fishbase.com
CONCH NETS Marketable sp vs non marketable 1000 900 800 700 600 Protégé Non Com Com 500 400 300 200 100 0 T150f T150 T80f T80 F150f F150 F80f F80 Trammel Folle
CONCH NETS Marketable sp vs non marketable 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 Protégé Non Com Com Selectivity Trammel net non selective 200 100 0 T150f T150 T80f T80 F150f F150 F80f F80 Trammel Folle
CONCH NETS Queen Conch catches 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 T150f T150 T80f T80 F150f F150 F80f F80 Trammel Folle
CONCH NETS Queen Conch catches 140 120 100 80 60 40 Productivity Folle more selective 20 0 T150f T150 T80f T80 F150f F150 F80f F80 Trammel Folle
CONCH NETS Marine Turtle Bycatch 8 6 Dead Alive 94% of mortality (mean soak time: 24h) 4 2 0 T150f T150 T80f T80 F150f F150 F80f F80 Trammel Folle
CONCH NETS Marine Turtle Bycatch 8 6 Dead Alive 94% of mortality (mean soak time: 24h) 4 Folle nets 2 0 T150f T150 T80f T80 F150f F150 F80f F80 Trammel Folle
CONCH NETS Marine Turtle Bycatch 8 6 4 2 0 Dead Alive T150f T150 T80f T80 F150f F150 F80f F80 Trammel Folle 94% of mortality (mean soak time: 24h) Folle nets High profile nets
MARINE TURTLE BYCATCH Total Bycatch 84 marine turtles ( Ei & Cm) for 226 trials 2000 turles in FWI Mortality 54 dead turtles (64%) Beaching 2 stranded turtles (4%)
CONCLUSIONS Trammel net non selective Folle nets murderous Low profile nets interesting Soak time < 4h Lot of mortality but few stranding
FISHING REGULATION Alternatives MPAs - Soak times Trammel net (ban?) Low profile Folle net Ban?
SUSTAINABLE FISHERY Alternatives MPAs - Soak times Trammel net (ban?) Low profile Folle net Ban?
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Observatoire du Milieu Marin Martiniquais (OMMM) Financial support : DIREN, Région Martinique, Fonds Européens Fishermen
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2009 2010-2011
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thank you for your attention