ARAL SEA ARTEMIA POPULATION DYNAMICS PROJECT FUNDING SOURCE: NATO SCIENCE FOR PEACE PROJECT #980859 Economic and Ecological Benefits from Sustainable Use of the Aral Sea Artemia Resource Prepared by: Kakabay Hankuliev Aral Artemia Co. & Brad Marden Weber State University
Specific Objectives of Research Document current status of emerging Artemia population Record Artemia population dynamics Identify cyst quality characteristics
Commercial Potential of the Aral Sea Artemia Resource
Artemia Research Program Both East and West Aral Sea Sampling locations along transect Five transects on West Aral Two transects on East Aral 19 sample locations on West Aral sample locations on East Aral Vertical plankton net haul (2x/location) Sampling frequency: 1-21 2 times/month (April-November)
Sampling Logistics and Equipment Difficult access causes some modifications in sampling program East Aral only by ATV. West Aral by truck and ATV Lake access by 4-meter rigid-inflatable vessel Former sea bed sediments are highly variable Each ATV expedition = 300 to 500 km.
Expedition conditions Poor weather Equipment failure Prolonged delays
Asf Jedeli Vozrojdeniya JA W Akt Lazarevo E a s t E Moinak
Artemia Biological Assessments: Population structure---age classes Reproduction Cyst production Cyst quality and hatching characteristics
Aral sea sampling schedule 2005 Expedition date Mar 20 2005 Mar 21 2005 April 09 2005 April 11 2005 June 2005 June 11 2005 June 20 2005 June 22 2005 July 21 2005 July 27 2005 Aug 03 2005 Aug 04 2005 Aug 16 2005 Aug 18 2005 Sept 14 2005 Sept 15 2005 Sampling location East Aral sea West Aral sea East Aral sea West Aral sea East Aral sea West Aral sea East Aral sea West Aral sea East Aral sea West Aral sea East Aral sea West Aral sea West Aral sea East Aral sea East Aral sea West Aral sea Sample sites 9 9 20 9
130 120 1 0 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 0 East Aral salinity changes East Aral salinity changes Aral Sea Salinity Salinity in PPT Mar 20 2005 April 09 2005 June 2005 June 22 2005 July 21 2005 Aug 03 2005 Aug 18 2005 Sept 14 2005 East 0.5 meter Eas t 2 m e te r West 0.5 meter
Aral Sea Temperature Aral Sea Surface Temperature 30 West Aral Sea Water Temperature Temperature in Centigrade 25 20 15 5 Eas t 0.5 m e te r Eas t 2 m e te r West 0.5 meter Depth in Meters 1 12 22 24 40 0 0 2 4 6 8 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 20-Mar 9-Apr -Jun 22-Jun 21-Jul 3-Aug 18-Aug 14-Sep Temperature in Centigrade
18 16 14 12 8 6 4 2 0 East Aral Sea Artemia Population East Aral Sea Artemia Population Artemia Population Dynamics Nauplii Juvenile 3-Apr 17-Apr 1-May 15-May 29-May 12-Jun 26-Jun -Jul 24-Jul 7-Aug 21-Aug 4-Sep 20-Mar Count per Liter
0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 East Aral Sea Artemia Population East Aral Sea Artemia Population Artemia Population Dynamics Juvenile pre-adult Adult Count per Liter 4-Sep 20-Mar 3-Apr 17-Apr 1-May 15-May 29-May 12-Jun 26-Jun -Jul 24-Jul 7-Aug 21-Aug
West Aral Sea Artemia Population West Aral Sea Artemia Population Artemia Population Dynamics 3 2.5 2 1.5 Nauplii Juvenile 1 0.5 0 21-Mar 4-Apr 18-Apr 2-May 16-May 30-May 13-Jun 27-Jun 11-Jul 25-Jul 8-Aug 22-Aug 5-Sep Count per Liter
0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 West Aral Sea Artemia Population West Aral Sea Artemia Population Artemia Population Dynamics Juvenile pre-adult Adult Count per Liter 5-Sep 21-Mar 4-Apr 18-Apr 2-May 16-May 30-May 13-Jun 27-Jun 11-Jul 25-Jul 8-Aug 22-Aug
East Aral female reproduction Aral Sea Adult Artemia Abundance 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0. 0.00 21-Mar 4-Apr 18-Apr 2-May 16-May 30-May 13-Jun 27-Jun 11-Jul 25-Jul 8-Aug 22-Aug 5-Sep Count per liter West Females West Gravid Females East Females East Gravid Females
18 16 14 12 8 6 4 2 0 Aral Sea Artemia Cyst Abundance Aral Sea Artemia Cyst Abundance Artemia Cyst Abundance Count per Liter 21-Mar 11-Apr 11-Jun 22-Jun 27-Jul 4-Aug 16-Aug 15-Sep East West
How Does the Aral Sea Artemia Population Compare to the GSL Artemia Population?
WATER TEMPERATURE AND POPULATION GROWTH Total Artemia and GSL Water Temperature 2001-2003 160 140 120 0 80 60 40 20 0 Septem ber October Novem ber January 6, Decem ber February A pril 4, M ay 17, June 14, July 17, August 22, Septem ber October Decem ber January 9, M arch 21, May 2, June 5, July 24, August 26, October 9, Novem ber Decem ber January M arch, A pril 17, M ay 14, June 18, July 23, August 20, Individua ls p er Liter 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0.0 5.0 0.0-5.0 Total Artemia/L Surface Temp DATE Surface Temperature in C
ATF DATA GSL Population Dynamics Juvenile, Pre-adult, and Adult Population Trends 2001-2003 Number per Liter 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 Juveniles Pre-Adults Males Females Total Adults 1.0 0.0
ATF RESEARCH ON THE GSL Cyst Abundance CYST/SHELL DYNAMICS 1999 to 2003 0.0 90.0 80.0 130 120 1 Adjusted Mean Cysts/Liter %Full Cysts 0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 0 Full Cysts per Liter 20.0.0 0.0 August 25, 1999 October 21, 1999 April 4, 2000 July 24, 2000 November 3, 2000 February 22, 2001 April 4, 2001 May 8, 2001 June 14, 2001 July 17, 2001 August 27, 2001 October 18, 2001 November 20, 2001 January 16, 2002 April 11, 2002 May 28, 2002 July 24, 2002 September 11, 2002 October 23, 2002 December 4, 2002 January 17, 2003 March 21, 2003 April 30, 2003 June 4, 2003 July 23, 2003 August 28, 2003 October 7, 2003 November 12, 2003 January 6, 2004 Full Cyst Percentage
GSL Artemia Industry Harvest Totals and Cyst Abundance in September GSL Harvest and September Cyst Abundance MT Harvest 14000 12000 000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 Harvest Cysts/L 46 47 158 85 200 150 0 50 0 Cysts/Liter 2000 2001 2002 2003
Will the Aral Sea Support a Commercial Shoreline Operation? Consistent cyst abundance Small percentage of shoreline is amenable to harvesting Unknown buoyancy characteristics Bolshoye Yarovoye Siberia, Russia
Commercial Harvest on Aral Sea 2004-2005: Approximately 32 MT Total Material Estimated 13 MT Brined Weight Successfully Processed & Marketed = 0 MT 2 months GSL 2002 30 MT Harvested in < 6 hrs.
ARTEMIA POPULATION GROWTH MODEL Basis for Continued Research and Restrictions on Commercial Scale Harvesting POPULATION GROWTH (x's/yr) 3 2 1 0 2000-01 1995-96 1999-00 1997-98 1998-99 2002-03 2001-02 1994-95 1996-97 -1 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 SPRING CYSTS (no/l)
Economic Concerns: Cost of Production ANTHRAX Substantial transportation costs Unknown Cyst Quality Dependability of Harvest is Highly Uncertain Experimental Harvest is Recommended Commercial Scale Harvest at this time is Counter-productive.
ARTEMIA SAMPLING PROGRAM CHANGES FOR 2006 Increased sampling frequency Additional sampling locations on East Aral Measures of cyst quality characteristics Chlorophyll measurements Samples to USGS for nutrient isotope profile Buoyancy tests Less emphasis on West Aral Sea
QUESTIONS?
Diapause Status of Cysts Diapause Status of Cysts GSL Water Column Cyst Quality Characteristics: Hatching Percentage 0.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0%.0% 0.0% Net Cysts HO% +H2O2 Net Cysts HO% AS IS December 1, 2001 December 15, 2001 December 29, 2001 January 12, 2002 January 26, 2002 February 9, 2002 February 23, 2002 March 9, 2002 March 23, 2002 April 6, 2002 April 20, 2002 May 4, 2002 May 18, 2002 June 1, 2002 June 15, 2002 June 29, 2002 July 13, 2002 July 27, 2002 August, 2002 August 24, 2002 September 7, 2002 September 21, 2002 October 5, 2002 October 19, 2002 November 2, 2002 November 16, 2002 November 30, 2002 December 14, 2002 December 28, 2002 January 11, 2003 January 25, 2003 February 8, 2003 February 22, 2003 March 8, 2003 March 22, 2003 April 5, 2003 April 19, 2003 May 3, 2003 May 17, 2003 May 31, 2003 June 14, 2003 June 28, 2003 July 12, 2003 July 26, 2003 August 9, 2003 August 23, 2003 September 6, 2003 September 20, 2003 October 4, 2003 October 18, 2003 November 1, 2003 November 15, 2003 November 29, 2003 December 13, 2003 December 27, 2003 January, 2004 January 24, 2004 DATE