Sören Holmberg Department of Political Science Göteborg University December 6 Swedish and European Opinions on Energy Production Paper/slides presented at a CEFOS international research seminar at the Göteborg University Business School, 7 December 6: Security, Prosperity and Community Towards a Common European Energy Policy?
European Attitudes on Nuclear Power Questsion: Are you totally in favour, fairly in favour, fairly opposed or totally opposed to energy produced by nuclear power stations? in favour opposed don t know sum percent EU 2 37 8 1. Hungary 6 31 1 2. Sweden 64 33 3 3. Czech Republic 61 37 2 4. Lithuania 27 13. Finland 8 38 4 6. Slovakia 6 4 7. France 2 7 8. Netherlands 2 44 1 9. Belgium 48 2. United Kingdom 44 16 1 Comment: Special Eurobarometer : Radioaktive Waste; fieldwork in February March. Pluralities in favour.
European Attitudes on Nuclear Power Questsion: Are you totally in favour, fairly in favour, fairly opposed or totally opposed to energy produced by nuclear power stations? in favour opposed don t know sum percent EU 2 37 8 11. Slovenia 44 4 3 1 12. Estonia 13. Latvia 39 49 12 14. Germany 38 9 4 1 1. Luxembourg 31 6 4 16. Italy 66 1 17. Denmark 29 66 18. Poland 26 66 8 19. Portugal 21 3 26. Malta 17 62 21 21. Spain 16 71 13 22. Ireland 13 17 23. Cyprus 81 1 24. Greece 9 86 2. Austria 8 88 4 Comment: Special Eurobarometer : Radioactive Waste; fieldwork in February March. Pluralities opposed.
Swedes on the use of nuclear power as an energy source 7 71 Abolish 66 6 7 7 64 64 61 64 8 6 7 44 36 42 38 39 39 46 34 4 36 33 Use Abolish 12 16 Use 24 27 2 21 21 23 22 26 28 26 26 1986 1987 1988 1989 199 1991 1992 1993 1994 199 1996 1997 1998 1999 1 2 3 4 Data: SOM-Institute, Göteborg University; Annual nationwide surveys in Sweden; Sample size persons 1-8 years old; Mail questionnaires with an average response rate of 6 percent. Question: What is your view on the long term use of nuclear power as an energy source in Sweden? Five response alternatives: abolish nuclear power by at the latest; abolish nuclear power, but not until our present reactors have done their job; use nuclear power and renew the reactors when they are worn out; use nuclear power and build additional reactors in the future; no definite opinion. In 1986, the don t know response was missing. Comment: All respondents are included in the percent calculations. Principal investigator: Sören Holmberg, phone +4631 7731227, e-mail: soren.holmberg@pol.gu.se. All data processed by Rudolf Antoni.
Percent in favor of abolishing nuclear power among Swedish women and men 9 83 73 28 Women Men 1986 1987 1988 1989 199 1991 1992 1993 1994 199 1996 1997 1998 1999 1 2 3 4 Data: SOM-Institute, Göteborg University; Annual nationwide surveys in Sweden. Comment: All respondents are included in the percent calculations. Principal investigator: Sören Holmberg, phone +4631 7731227, e-mail: soren.holmberg@pol.gu.se. All data processed by Rudolf Antoni.
Percent in favor of abolishing nuclear power in different age groups 9 79 78 7 37 36 34 1-29 -49-64 6-8 1986 1987 1988 1989 199 1991 1992 1993 1994 199 1996 1997 1998 1999 1 2 3 4 Data: SOM-Institute, Göteborg University; Annual nationwide surveys in Sweden. Comment: All respondents are included in the percent calculations. Principal investigator: Sören Holmberg, phone +4631 7731227, e-mail: soren.holmberg@pol.gu.se. All data processed by Rudolf Antoni.
Percent in favor of abolishing nuclear power in different educational groups 9 79 77 7 33 33 University Middle Basic 1986 1987 1988 1989 199 1991 1992 1993 1994 199 1996 1997 1998 1999 1 2 3 4 Data: SOM-Institute, Göteborg University; Annual nationwide surveys in Sweden. Comment: All respondents are included in the percent calculations. Principal investigator: Sören Holmberg, phone +4631 7731227, e-mail: soren.holmberg@pol.gu.se. All data processed by Rudolf Antoni.
Percent in favor of abolishing nuclear power among Swedes with different ideological self-placements 9 81 69 4 36 23 Left Middle Right 1986 1987 1988 1989 199 1991 1992 1993 1994 199 1996 1997 1998 1999 1 2 3 4 Data: SOM-Institute, Göteborg University; Annual nationwide surveys in Sweden. Comment: All respondents are included in the percent calculations. Principal investigator: Sören Holmberg, phone +4631 7731227, e-mail: soren.holmberg@pol.gu.se. All data processed by Rudolf Antoni.
Percent in favor of abolishing nuclear power among Swedes with different party sympathies 9 89 84 84 79 72 64 73 2 4 36 3 29 22 Green Center Left Christian Dem. Social Democrats Liberal Conservative 1986 1987 1988 1989 199 1991 1992 1993 1994 199 1996 1997 1998 1999 1 2 3 4 Data: SOM-Institute, Göteborg University; Annual nationwide surveys in Sweden. Comment: All respondents are included in the percent calculations. Principal investigator: Sören Holmberg, phone +4631 7731227, e-mail: soren.holmberg@pol.gu.se. All data processed by Rudolf Antoni.
Percent Swedes who think Sweden - more than today - should go in for the below-mentioned energy sources 9 77 74 78 72 Solar Wind 44 4 47 Bio Hydro 33 Gas 18 Nuclear 9 2 3 2 1999 1 2 3 4 Coal Oil Data: SOM-Institute, Göteborg University; Annual nationwide surveys in Sweden. Comment: All respondents are included in the percent calculations. Principal investigator: Sören Holmberg, phone +4631 7731227, e-mail: soren.holmberg@pol.gu.se. All data processed by Rudolf Antoni.
Swedish Trust in information about energy and nuclear power provided by different groups 7 Environmental organisations 2 36 48 38 31 Nuclear power industry The government 16 Journalists 1986 1897 1988 1989 199 1991 1992 1993 1994 199 1996 1997 1998 1999 1 2 3 4 Data: SOM-Institute, Göteborg University; Annual nationwide surveys in Sweden. Question: To what extent do you trust information about energy and nuclear power provided by the following groups? Four response alternatives: very much; fairly much; fairly little; very little. The results show percent people answering very or fairly much. The percentage base is defined as persons who answered the question. Principal investigator: Sören Holmberg, phone +4631 7731227, e-mail: soren.holmberg@pol.gu.se. All data processed by Rudolf Antoni.
European Attitudes Towards the Future of Three Energy Sources Question: To reduce our dependency on imported energy resources, Governments have to choose from a list of alternatives, sometimes costly solutions. Which of the following should the (NATIONALITY) Government mainly focus on for the years to come? (MAX. 2 ANSWERS) EU2 1. Sweden 2. Finland 3. Bulgaria 4. Lithuania. Slovakia 7. Germany 8. Czech Republic 9. Romania. Turkey 11. Netherlands 12. Italy 13. Belgium 14. Poland 1. Turkish Cyprus Nuclear Energy 6. United Kingdom 12 32 27 24 21 19 18 17 17 1 1 14 13 11 16. Hungary 17. France 18. Estonia 19. Latvia. Luxembourg 21. Ireland 22. Slovenia 23. Portugal 24. Croatia 2. Austria 26. Denmark 27. Spain 28. Cyprus 29. Malta. Greece Nuclear Energy Comment: The figures are percentages. Source: Special Eurobarometer: Attitudes towards Energy 6; fieldwork october-november. The interview question included two more response alternatives besides nuclear, solar and wind Promote advanced research for new energy technologies (hydrogen, clear coal, etc.) and Regulate in order to reduce our dependence of oil. In EU2 the research alternative was supported by percent and the reduce oil alternative by 23 percent. The comparable results for Sweden was percent and 2 percent, respectively. 9 8 8 8 7 7 4 4 2 2 2
European Attitudes Towards the Future of Three Energy Sources Question: To reduce our dependency on imported energy resources, Governments have to choose from a list of alternatives, sometimes costly solutions. Which of the following should the (NATIONALITY) Government mainly focus on for the years to come? (MAX. 2 ANSWERS) Wind Power Wind Power EU2 31 1. Denmark 9 16. Austria 3 2. Estonia 4 17. Portugal 34 3. Ireland 2 18. Malta 32 4. Belgium 49 19. Poland. Greece 44. Spain 28 6. Netherlands 42 21. Germany 26 7. Sweden 8. Finland 9. Croatia. United Kingdom 39 22. Czech Republic 23. Slovakia 24. Cyprus 2. Lithuania 2 23 22 22 11. Latvia 39 26. Romania 18 12. Slovenia 39 27. Bulgaria 16 13. France 38 28. Italy 1 14. Hungary 37 29. Turkish Cyprus 11 1. Luxembourg 36. Turkey 9 Comment: The figures are percentages. Source: Special Eurobarometer: Attitudes towards Energy 6; fieldwork october-november. The interview question included two more response alternatives besides nuclear, solar and wind Promote advanced research for new energy technologies (hydrogen, clear coal, etc.) and Regulate in order to reduce our dependence of oil. In EU2 the research alternative was supported by percent and the reduce oil alternative by 23 percent. The comparable results for Sweden was percent and 2 percent, respectively.
European Attitudes Towards the Future of Three Energy Sources Question: To reduce our dependency on imported energy resources, Governments have to choose from a list of alternatives, sometimes costly solutions. Which of the following should the (NATIONALITY) Government mainly focus on for the years to come? (MAX. 2 ANSWERS) Solar Power Solar Power EU2 48 1. Cyprus 76 16. Hungary 43 2. Greece 17. United Kingdom 43 3. France 63 18. Italy 4. Luxembourg 62 19. Czech Republic. Croatia. Finland 38 6. Slovenia 21. Bulgaria 38 7. Malta 8. Germany 9. Austria. Belgium 11. Turkish Cyprus 8 4 1 22. Portugal 23. Poland 24. Estonia 2. Ireland 26. Sweden 37 37 3 32 31 12. Spain 27. Romania 29 13. Netherlands 47 28. Turkey 27 14. Denmark 4 29. Latvia 2 1. Slovakia 44. Lithuania 16 Comment: The figures are percentages. Source: Special Eurobarometer: Attitudes towards Energy 6; fieldwork october-november. The interview question included two more response alternatives besides nuclear, solar and wind Promote advanced research for new energy technologies (hydrogen, clear coal, etc.) and Regulate in order to reduce our dependence of oil. In EU2 the research alternative was supported by percent and the reduce oil alternative by 23 percent. The comparable results for Sweden was percent and 2 percent, respectively.
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