University of Southern Maine USM Digital Commons Presentations Casco Bay Estuary Partnership (CBEP) 2010 Red Tide Blooms in Casco Bay (2010 State of the Bay Presentation) Scott Libby Battelle Don Anderson Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/cbep-presentations Recommended Citation Libby, S., & Anderson, D. (2010). Red Tide Blooms in Casco Bay (2010 State of the Bay Presentation). [Presentation slides]. Portland, ME: University of Southern Maine, Muskie School of Public Service, Casco Bay Estuary Partnership. This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Casco Bay Estuary Partnership (CBEP) at USM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Presentations by an authorized administrator of USM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact jessica.c.hovey@maine.edu.
Red Tide Blooms in Casco Bay Casco Bay Estuary Partnership s 2010 State of the Bay Conference Scott Libby, Battelle, Brunswick, ME Don Anderson, WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 1
Talk Overview Alexandrium blooms in greater Casco Bay region CBEP Intensive Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (IPSP) monitoring program IPSP 2006-2008 Results Summary 2
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Alexandrium fundyense 4
Alexandrium fundyense bloom dynamics in the Gulf of Maine and Casco Bay 5
Gulf of Maine Blooms Bay of Fundy - cell retention zone, self seeding Some cells exit BOF and seed EMCC blooms Large cyst seedbed forms off Penobscot and Casco Bays - initiates WMCC blooms in subsequent years Episodic (wind-driven), intrusion from EMCC to WMCC (or offshore toward Georges Bank) Direct supply of cells to WMCC from offshore cyst germination Potential delivery of cells into Casco Bay - wind/current driven and eventually Massachusetts Bay and Cape Cod via WMCC 6
Localized blooms in western Maine (and Cape Cod) Nearshore, localized blooms Initiated from shallow water cysts in bays and sounds Possibly Self-seeding (annually recurrent) Potential entrainment and transport in WMCC 7
CBEP IPSP Monitoring Program 2005 Bloom 8
CBEP IPSP Monitoring Program Record levels of toxicity in some locations First-time ever records of toxicity in some locations Large closure of federal (offshore) waters ME & MA disaster declarations >$50M in losses for ME, NH and MA shellfish industry 2005 PSP Closures 9
CBEP IPSP Monitoring Program Development CBEP Casco Bay Clam Team ME DMR MER Assessment Parameters In situ Nutrients Alexandrium PSP toxicity Initiated in 2006 Western Bay (stations 1-29) Eastern Bay (stations 29-44) 10
CBEP IPSP Program Goals Facilitate fine-scale decisions on closing and reopening shellfish growing/harvesting areas based on PSP toxicity Develop a better understanding of Alexandrium bloom dynamics in Casco Bay Inshore vs. offshore origin and development of blooms Role of nutrients in sustaining or enhancing blooms 11
Successful on Goal 1 - Surgical Closures 12
Goal 2a Inshore vs. Offshore 1998 and 2000 WHOI Studies Similar to IPSP with mussel bags deployed on moorings for offshore toxin detection Data show offshore -> onshore transport of Alexandrium populations 13
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Onshore Physical Mechanism Downwelling-favorable winds (out of NE) EMCC to WMCC Drives nearshore coastal plume Transports offshore waters (and Alexandrium) and Kennebec River plume into Casco Bay Upwelling-favorable Pushes waters and cells offshore Source: Keafer et al. 2005 15
CBEP IPSP and DMR PSP Stations 16
PSP Toxicity Salinity (PSU) Harpswell Sound Data - 2006 Early toxicity at Lumbo s Hole Offshore toxicity in mid May Increasing offshore in early June before peaking in mid June Coincident with lower salinity water from Kennebec River plume ME DMR Suggests an early internal bloom and the subsequent intrusion of offshore bloom 32 29 26 23 20 4/1 4/21 5/11 5/31 6/20 7/10 7/30 1200 900 600 300 0 IPSP 1 IPSP 36 IPSP 35 IPSP 34 4/1 4/21 5/11 5/31 6/20 7/10 7/30 IPSP 1 Potts Pt. Lumbos (36) Ewin Narrows (35) IPSP 34 17
Offshore WHOI Counts 2006 18
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Goal 2a - Inshore vs. Offshore Blooms Earliest toxicity is consistently observed at inshore stations (Lumbo s Hole) However, data suggests that the peak bloom and toxicity in Casco Bay is associated with offshore blooms Meteorological conditions play an important roll in whether these offshore/kennebec River plume waters impact the Casco Bay 20
5 Goal 2b Nutrients and Red Tide River influenced salinity distributions (2008) 5 May 4-5 5 May 27-28 5 June 23-24 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 PSU 21
May 2008 Nutrients and Salinity 5 NO3 5 SiO4 Highest nutrient concentrations near rivers and Portland Harbor 5 5 5 5 Elevated SiO 4 levels in lower salinity waters associated with Kennebec River plume 5 5 NH4 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5 5 Salinity 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25 5 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 22
May 2006 Nutrients High Harbor & Rivers 5 NO3 5 SiO4 5 5 5 5 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25 5 NH4 5 PO4 5 5 5 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 23
May 2007 High Harbor, Rivers, & Kennebec River Plume 5 NO3 5 SiO4 5 5 5 5 5 NH4-5 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5 Salinity 5 PO4 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25 5 5 5 5 5 5-70.35-70.3-70.25-70.2-70.15-70.1-70.05-70 -69.95-69.9-69.85-69.8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 23 9 10 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 24
In situ and Nutrient Trends Freshwater inputs Presumpscot, Royal and Cousins Rivers Portland Harbor Kennebec River Plume Nutrient inputs/concentrations Portland Harbor (highest NH 4 and PO 4 ) Casco Bay Rivers (highest NO 3 and SiO 4 ) Elevated NO 3 and SiO 4 associated with offshore waters and Kennebec River Plume 25
Alexandrium abundance - 2007 May 21-22 June 6-7 5 5 June 13-14 June 19-20 5 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 cells/l 26
Alexandrium abundance - 2008 May 4-5 May 11-12 5 5 May 27-28 5 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 cells/l 27
PSP Toxicity May to July 2006 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5-70.35-70.3-70.25-70.2-70.15-70.1-70.05-70 -69.95-69.9-69.85-69.8 50 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1200 50 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1200 50 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1200 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5-70.35-70.3-70.25-70.2-70.15-70.1-70.05-70 -69.95-69.9-69.85-69.8 5 50 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1200 50 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1200 50 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1200 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 50 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1200 50 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1200 50 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1200 50 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1200 µg STX equiv./100g tissue 28
PSP Toxicity Peak levels in 07-08 5 June 13-14, 2007 May 27-28, 2008 5 5 5 5 5 5 50 150 300 600 1000 50 150 300 600 1000 50 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 1000 1200 µg STX equiv./100g tissue 29
Biotoxin Level 2006 PSP Toxicity 1500 1200 2006 900 600 300 0-300 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 5/9-10 5/16-18 5/23-24 5/31-6/1 6/7 6/15-16 6/20-21 7/11-12 7/20-21 7/26-27 Higher Alexandrium abundance and PSP toxicity in Eastern Casco Bay vs. Western Casco Bay No apparent association with higher nutrient levels in Portland Harbor and Casco Bay rivers No statistical correlations between nutrients and Alexandrium or PSP toxicity 30
Summary of CBEP IPSP Results Clear Western vs. Eastern Casco Bay differences Western Bay had significantly higher concentrations of all four dissolved inorganic nutrients Eastern Bay significantly warmer, more saline, and higher Alexandrium abundance and PSP toxicity Earliest toxicity consistently observed at inshore stations - Lumbo s Hole Data suggests that the peak bloom and PSP toxicity in Casco Bay is associated with offshore blooms Kennebec River/Offshore Plume strong influence on water quality and Alexandrium blooms in Eastern Casco Bay Meteorological conditions play an important roll in whether these offshore waters impact the bay No correlations between nutrient concentrations and Alexandrium abundance or PSP toxicity for the 2006-2008 Casco Bay IPSP data Report link on CBEP website 31
Acknowledgements The data presented are the result of the efforts from a variety of intuitions and programs including: CBEP IPSP program ME DMR PSP data University of Maine, Dave Townsend s Nutrient Lab WHOI scientists and GOMTOX Program (funded via NOAA/ Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research/Coastal Ocean Program Grant #NA06NOS4780245) 32
June 20-21, 2006 5 NO3 5 SiO4 5 5 5 5-5 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25 5 Alexandrium 5 Total Phytoplankton 5 5 5 5 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 50 150 250 350 450 33
CBEP IPSP and DMR PSP Stations CBEP Data In situ Nutrients Alexandrium PSP toxicity ME DMR PSP toxicity NERACOOS C Buoy WHOI ECOHAB GOMTOX 34