Ineracive PDF insrucions: The 'home' icon will ake you back o he conens page The conen iles will ake you o he relevan page The 'prin' icon will open your prin dialogue window 2nd Floor, Weson House, 246 High Holborn, London WC1V 7EX Science, Engineering, Technology and Mahemaics Nework, Regisered in he UK No. 3236201 Regisered as a Chariy No. 1058056
conens There is a lo of maerial in his pack. Teachers migh find i useful o firs read he Teacher noes inroducion, and he suden Challenge brief. geing sared Challenge brief Presenaion advice facshees Buoyancy Joining Maerials Sreamlining The Human Body Triahlon and Parariahlon Wesuis 2-3 3 5-7 8-9 10-12 13-14 15-16 17-18 Teacher and echnician noes Inroducion 19-20 Curriculum Links (England) 21 Curriculum Links (Norhern Ireland) 22 Curriculum Links (Scoland) 23 Curriculum Links (Wales) 24 Sarer Aciviy 25-29 role models Jenny Tilloson Simon McMaser 30-31 32-33 page 1
challenge brief your challenge Triahlon is an even ha requires compeiors o complee a hree-sage race of swimming, cycling and running. Triahlees wear special wesuis for he swim which are hen removed before he cycling and running sages. Whils sill providing warmh and buoyancy, hese wesuis are designed slighly differenly o he ones surfers migh wear. They can be hinner and smooher o make hem go faser hrough he waer and hey are easier o ake off (he race does no sop beween sages so i is really imporan o be able o ake he wesui off quickly). More informaion can be found on he Triahlon and Wesuis Facshees. Triahlon wesuis are, of course, experly designed bu hey are designed for able-bodied ahlees. This poses a serious problem. Your challenge is o design a new wesui for a parariahlee. You should creae a presenaion wih your proposals for a new wesui design. See he Fi for purpose, Things o consider and Presenaion advice secions ha follow, for some help and guidance. Fi for purpose Your design mus mee he specific needs of a parariahlee. You will need o find ou abou he disabiliy of he parariahlee for whom you are designing he wesui. Some issues o address migh include: * The parariahlees legs may sink beneah hem, causing drag (waer resisance). This makes swimming more difficul, and slower. * Legs ha are no kep ogeher also increase waer resisance. * Legs may have poor blood circulaion, making i harder o keep warm. * Geing in and, more imporanly, ou of an able-bodied wesui can be exremely difficul his wases valuable racing ime. You do no need o consider all design elemens of a wesui, such as he ype of maerial i is made from, comfor, wear and ear, and so on. Your design is expeced o illusrae how an exising riahlon wesui could be adaped. Of course, you are free o creae a whole new design, if you wish. Things o consider * You will need o work in eams of four o six people * * * * * * Think carefully abou he ask ahead and manage your ime and workload effecively The Facshees provide informaion ha could help you wih he Challenge. You may choose o carry ou furher research o give you ha leading edge. Suggesions for websies ha you may find useful are provided on various Facshees. You mus gain a good undersanding of Parariahlon (bu mos imporanly, he swimming sage and he ransiion) and he disabiliy of he parariahlees for whom he wesui is o be designed Alhough your design is wih a paricular disabiliy, here are sill individual differences such as heigh and weigh ha should be aken ino accoun. Use he knowledge gained from he Facshees and your research o hink boh scienifically and creaively abou your wesui design. You should be able o explain how your design will improve he performance of parariahlees. page 2
challenge brief * You mus make sure ha he safey of he parariahlees is no jeopardised. * Wherever possible, carry ou ess o inform and jusify your design choices. The Buoyancy and Sreamlining Facshees migh give you some ideas of wha you could es or invesigae furher. * The abiliy o produce a prooype (no maer how unsophisicaed) is no essenial, bu would help o illusrae your design. Presenaion advice Teams mus clearly show how hey arrived a heir final choices. All proposals and recommendaions mus be jusified hese jusificaions should form he main par of he presenaion. Communicaing and, where possible, modelling ideas in a range of ways, is imporan o achieve his. Some hins and ips * Think abou how o presen useful informaion remember he process is jus as imporan as he final proposal. * Use a mixure of verbal, wrien and visual communicaion. * Presen scienific and echnological informaion, raher han emoive argumens. * Use scienific and echnological language and erminology correcly. * Be able o alk knowledgeably abou every aspec of your challenge. Consider * Video recordings * Phoographs * Oher forms of ICT * Diagrams and skeches originals as well as worked up final copies. Your designs mus be clearly labelled and annoaed. * Chars and graphs if you need o presen findings from any esing you may have carried ou. * Posers, leafles, handous * Making a prooype You may wish o aemp o make a prooype of your wesui. I does no have o be ready for use, or even made from he correc maerials i can jus be anoher way o illusrae your design. * Raher han making a whole wesui, you may aemp o model specific aspecs of your design. * Live demonsraions Raher han jus using secondary research findings o jusify your design choices, can you show he judges how cerain feaures work and why hey are useful? Remember: I is imporan, wherever possible, o es your ideas during he design process. The resuls can hen inform your final decisions. These are jus some hings o hink abou you may hink of more! page 3
{facshee} buoyancy When describing how well an objec floas in a liquid, such as waer, you are describing is buoyancy. If an objec is very buoyan, i will floa. Objecs wih lile buoyancy will sink. When an objec is placed in waer, graviy pulls i downwards. A he same ime, waer pushes agains he objec in he opposie direcion. This force of buoyancy is also known as waer uphrus. Balanced forces Have you ever wondered how big ships say afloa? They have an exremely large surface area for he waer uphrus o push agains. Therefore, even hough he ships may carry heavy cargo, he waer uphrus is equal o he weigh of he ship. The opposing forces are balanced causing he ship o floa. When he buoyan force (waer uphrus) on an objec is less han he weigh of he objec iself, and herefore no balanced, he objec will sink. Shape and weigh The weigh of an objec in waer is dependen on how much buoyan force here is. The amoun of waer uphrus acing on an objec will change according o he shape of he objec. If he objec presens a large surface area o he waer (such as a ship), here is a greaer area for he waer o push agains. Imagine rying o submerge a ray in waer. Firs, ry holding he ray on is side, hen place i fla on he surface and push down. Which way do you hink would produce he mos resisance? Densiy and weigh Densiy = mass volume A big marshmallow has a small mass, bu a large volume; i has a low densiy. If you squeeze he marshmallow, so ha i has he same mass bu in a smaller volume, is densiy increases. If he densiy of an objec is less han he densiy of he liquid i is in, he objec will floa. Common maerials ha floa in waer include wood, foam and cork. Air is also much less dense han waer which is why some buoyancy aids work by rapping pockes of air (see below). You may have experienced how objecs feel ligher when hey are in waer. The mass of an objec does no change, bu he effec of waer uphrus makes i weigh less. The more buoyan an objec, he ligher i feels and he easier i is o lif and move in liquid. I is easy o believe ha objecs ha sink have no buoyancy and weigh he same in liquid. All objecs will displace some liquid and herefore have some buoyancy. As a resul, hey do weigh less in liquid. Jus as objecs of differen densiies will vary in buoyancy in he same liquid, he same objec can have differen buoyancies in differen liquids. For example, salwaer has a higher densiy han fresh waer, so you would be more buoyan in he sea han in a swimming pool. The Dead Sea has a paricularly high densiy, and people ha visi i on holiday enjoy experiencing he ease wih which hey can floa. page 4
{facshee} buoyancy Buoyancy aids Humans are equipped wih naural buoyancy aids he lungs. However, humans generally do no have enough buoyancy o keep afloa. A number of buoyancy aids have been developed for various siuaions where humans need help o floa. Arm bands Mos people have used hese a some poin. Commonly used when learning o swim, hey keep he arms above he waer, providing an exra lif. They are usually made from plasic and are inflaable. The arm bands can displace a large volume of waer, much heavier han hemselves, and so provide excellen buoyancy. Floas Originally made of wood, floas nowadays are made from expanded foam, a low densiy maerial. They have a large surface area and are usually held in boh hands wih arms ousreched. Floas are designed o provide suppor when swimming raher han simply for floaing. Life jackes Life jackes are found on boas and ships, and are used by people in a number of waer spors. They are buoyan enough o keep a persons head above waer, even if hey fall asleep. They can vary from inflaable o ones made from foam, as in floas. Life rings Life rings can be seen on boas and by he coas. They are hrown o people who have fallen ino he waer and need help, possibly o preven hem from drowning. Oher ypes of buoyancy and floaion aids are available, including fun producs for children, such as inflaable rings, whales, sharks, and even dinosaurs and aeroplanes! Buoyancy ess There is a number of buoyancy experimens you could ry. Eureka, Eureka Archimedes Eureka momen came when he go ino his bah ub and noiced he waer overflow. He displaced he waer. Sand a conainer, full o he brim wih waer, in a larger conainer. Place differen objecs ino he waer. If he objec floas, genly push i down unil i is compleely submerged. By measuring how much waer each objec displaces, you compare heir buoyancy. (See Fig 1.) objec (e.g. golf or ennis ball) ray conainer (e.g. bucke) measure he amoun of waer displaced Fig 1 page 5
{facshee} buoyancy Going under You could make a submarine using an empy plasic bole, o invesigae buoyancy. Wih a ruler, draw a line he lengh of he bole. Carefully cu hree small holes along he line [TAKE CARE USING SHARP SCISSORS]. A eiher end of his line of holes, use sicky ape o secure a 50 g mass. (See Fig 2.) 50 g 50 g Fig 2 ubing Fig 3 50 g mass aach ubing securely The 50 g masses ensure ha he holes say faced downwards once he bole is in waer. Aach a piece of ubing o he open end of he bole so ha no waer can ener, oher han hrough he ube or he holes made. Make sure he ubing is long enough for he unaached end o remain always ouside he waer. When you place he bole in a large conainer of waer, i will sar o sink as he waer rushes hrough he holes ino he bole. If you blow ino he ubing, he waer will ge blown ou, and he bole will rise. Does varying he masses have any effec? How could you measure how much air you have blown in and how hard you are blowing ino he ube? You re only as ligh as you feel Using an objec, such as an egg, find ou if buoyancy changes in differen liquids. You could ry using waer, salwaer and cooking oil, for example. Maybe you could invesigae wha happens in sal soluions of differen concenraions. Design your own The ideas above are jus suggesions. You may hink of oher ways o invesigae buoyancy. Think abou how you could invesigae he buoyancy of differen maerials, and find ou abou he effec of differen shapes on buoyancy. Could you design a fair es? If you are forunae enough o have access o a swimming pool, you migh even consider how you could invesigae he buoyancy of humans. You mus only do his wih your eacher s permission and in he presence of an adul and a qualified lifesaver. A variey of conainers, such as buckes, plasiic sorage boxes, high-sided rays and large glass demonsraion anks are suiable for he ess and invesigaions. page 6
{facshee} buoyancy Useful websies The following websies provide furher informaion and useful links. hp://www.relaxnswim.com/physics/buoyancy.hm hp://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=37 hp://www.ghm57.dial.pipex.com/new%20sie/prod1.hm hp://www.ri247.com/aricle_7394.hml page 7
{facshee} Joining Maerials When making clohes, differen cus of fabric and various maerials need o be joined ogeher. Some joins need o be permanen (e.g. he siching a he shoulder of a shir), whils ohers are emporary, o allow he garmen o be aken on and off (e.g. he zip of a coa). Someimes, joins are made purely for decoraive purposes (e.g. sequins and non-funcional buons). Here are some examples of mehods used o join and fasen (emporarily secure) maerials. Joins Siches Shorer sich lenghs make he aachmen of fabrics sronger. Siches wih higher ension are firmer, alhough oo much and he fabric will pull. 100% polyeser or nylon hread are srong and should be used for heavier fabric. Whenever holes are made by needles, he waerproof properies of a garmen can be compromised. As few holes as possible should be made, ensuring hose ha are made are no unnecessarily large. A microfibre needle should be used because hey are no wider a he eye. All siches and seams mus be sealed (see below). Useful siches: * Sraigh sich (or Locksich) Using a sewing machine, wo hreads are inerlocked, one from he needle, he oher from he bobbin. * Blindhem sich Used for almos invisible hems. * Zigzag sich Used on he edge of fabrics o preven fraying. * Flalock sich Used o creae a more comforable fla seam. (Furher informaion can be found a www.sewing.org/hml/guidelines.hml) Glues and sealans A glue ha sicks o one hing will no necessarily sick o anoher. This is because he microscopic surfaces of maerials are very differen. Fabric glues can be permanen (washable) or non-permanen (useful for holding fabric in place before sewing). Some glues can be used o join wo pieces of fabric insead of sewing. There are also glues ha can preven fraying and glues ha srech wih a srechy fabric. Bonding ape is an adhesive maerial placed beween wo fabrics. The fabrics are hen heaed (by ironing) o bind hem ogeher. Sealing seams o make hem waerproof can be done wih glues or ape. Faseners Poppers A small bump on one disc (usually meal or plasic) is popped ino he hole of an opposing disc. The poppers should remain fasened unil a small amoun of force is used o pull hem apar. They are very easy o use bu are no he sronges form of fasening. Poppers are usually aached o fabrics by using a special punch and die se, or by sewing. page 8
{facshee} Joining Maerials Buons Buons are usually made of plasic and circular in shape. They have small holes in he middle o allow hem o be sewn o fabric. The buon is hen fed hrough a sli in anoher piece of fabric o fasen. Velcro Velcro consiss of wo layers. One layer looks like a hairy piece of fabric. This is he hook layer. The oher has los of smaller hairs. This is he loop layer. When pressed agains one anoher, he hooks cach in he loops, sicking he wo pieces of fabric ogeher. Hook and eye The hook and he eye (a small loop) are each sewn ono pieces of fabric. The hook is hen looped hrough he eye o secure he wo pieces ogeher. Zips A zip consiss of wo ses of eeh. As he garmen is zipped up, hese eeh become locked ogeher. There are many differen ypes of zip (or zipper), including hose ha are open ended and hose ha are closed a one end. Zips can also be compleely air and waer igh. Triahlon wesuis Triahlon wesuis need o be removed quickly, so he mehod used o fasen he sui is imporan. However, he wesui mus also be waerproof. This influences he ype of faseners used. In addiion, he ype of siching and sealing is affeced. Wesuis may be sealed in various ways including blind and flalock siching, glueing, and hea sealing (e.g. using bonding ape). If you wish o invesigae differen joins and faseners for your wesui, neoprene samples can be purchased from: hp://www.ewesuis.com/acaalog/neoprene-shees-5mm.hml hp://www.homecrafs.co.uk/producs-neoprene-shees_e800a.hm Useful websies More informaion can be found on he following websies: hp://invenors.abou.com/library/invenors/blfaseners.hm hp://science.howsuffworks.com/innovaion/zipper.hm hp://www.essormen.com/hobbies/howzipperswork_saoi.hm hp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/snap_fasener hp://www.surfing-waves.com/wesui.hm page 9
{facshee} Sreamlining Sreamlining refers o he shape of an objec and how effecively i moves hrough a liquid or gas. Think abou objecs ha move hrough waer, such as boas and submarines. or objecs ha fly, such as aeroplanes. Consider he shape of hese and how i makes hem more sreamlined. Speedboas are very poined a he fron which allows hem o slice hrough he waer quickly and efficienly. Sreamlining in waer is known as Hydrodynamics. Figher jes and Formula One racing cars have hin noses and are generally smaller and flaer han slower aircraf and cars respecively. Sreamlining in air is referred o as aerodynamics. The bes shape Sreamlined shapes have a fron wih a small surface area. The larger he surface area, he more a liquid or gas will work agains he objec as i moves forward. Consequenly, he more energy he objec mus use o counerac his force. Reducing he surface area creaes less for he liquid or gas o push agains. Ineresingly, he mos sreamlined shapes no only have a small surface area a he fron, bu also a he back. A long eardrop, wih he more poined end a he back, is considered one of he mos sreamlined shapes. Think of he liquid or gas ha he eardrop-shaped objec is ravelling hrough, as moving in lines (sreamlines) over he eardrop and slipping nealy off he end. Compare his wih somehing square in shape. The liquid or gas sruggles o ge pas he fla surface and hen falls off he end, making messy sreamlines. This resuls in he objec dragging pockes of liquid or gas behind iself. A sreamlined shape is one ha can cu cleanly hrough a liquid or Fig 1 gas, and reduce drag. Humans and sreamlining Spriners, cycliss, skiers hey all need o be as sreamlined as possible o ensure hey race a heir fases. Spriners keep low and compac as hey drive ou of he saring blocks. Skiers crouch wih heir poles ucked ighly under each arm. Cycliss bend forward wih heir heads down, and wear special, aerodynamically designed helmes. Bu none of hese have o conend wih waer. Have you ever raced ino he sea? If so, you will have experienced how difficul i is o keep running, especially as he waer ges deeper. Maybe you have waded across a river. You will also have experienced how waer can make i difficul o move fas. Imagine racing a friend over one widh of a swimming pool your friend is allowed o swim, bu you have o walk. Who would win and why? Jus as body posiion is imporan for spriners, cycliss and skiers, so i is when swimming. A sreamlined body shape makes moving hrough waer easier and quicker. If you wach a swimmer dive ino he pool a he beginning of a race, hey adop a special sreamlined posiion while underwaer. They keep heir fee and legs ogeher wih heir oes poined, heir arms are ousreched wih hands ogeher, like an arrow, and heir head is ucked in. They mainain a sraigh line from finger ips o oes, only moving o propel hemselves hrough he waer. Once he swimmer reaches he surface, hey kick heir legs. This no only propels hem forwards bu also keeps heir legs close o he surface so ha heir body says as sraigh and sreamlined as possible. This is demonsraed perfecly by muli-olympic Gold medal winner, Michael Phelps. page 10
{facshee} Sreamlining How o go faser Top swimmers are known o shave off heir body hair in an aemp o reduce drag, making hemselves more sreamlined and able o swim faser. In recen years, however, swimwear has been designed o improve he speed a which swimmers can move hrough waer. The special maerial used in swimsuis aims o reduce drag and help he swimmer o keep heir body in a more sreamlined posiion. I has been developed by sudying, and aemping o mimic, shark skin. All suis cling ighly o he body, and a variey of designs are available, including full body suis (similar o wesuis). They are esed using sophisicaed compuer sofware and wind unnels. Triahlon Sreamlining echnology is exremely imporan in he design of riahlon wesuis. However, he swimsuis worn by op swimmers, such as Rebecca Adlingon, are unsuiable for he riahlon. For example, hey would no mee he demands of swimming in cold, open waers. More informaion abou riahlon wesuis can be found on he Wesuis Facshee. Sreamlining ess You could ry o find ou how quickly differen shaped objecs move hrough waer. Think abou how you could design a fair es. If you have a large enough conainer, you could submerge a ramp or half-pipe in waer. Make a base wih wheels (such as a skaeboard) from simple consrucion ki, small enough o fi down he ramp or half-pipe. Differen shapes and designs could hen be added o his base, each ime recording how long i akes o ravel he lengh of he ramp or half-pipe, under waer. (See Fig 2, nex page). How could you es he effeciveness of differen body posiions when moving hrough waer? Maybe you could use an acion figure wih limbs ha can be manipulaed o creae differen body shapes. Could you measure he amoun of force ha is needed o pull he figure hrough waer? (See Fig 3, nex page). As explained earlier in his Facshee, shape is no he only facor ha affecs sreamlining. You migh like o use he same objec, and find ou how covering i in differen ypes of maerial affecs is movemen hrough waer. These are jus suggesions, and you migh be able o hink of beer ways o illusrae sreamlining. An invesigaion ino sreamlined design a hp://www.pbs.org/saf/1208/eaching/eaching2.hm migh give you some more ideas. Of course, if you are lucky enough o have access o a swimming pool, you could hink of furher ways o invesigae sreamlining. Any such invesigaion should only be carried ou wih your eacher s permission, and in he presence of an adul and a qualified lifesaver. page 11
s i u s we s e e l h a i for para r {facshee} Sreamlining shape/design aached o base waer base wih wheels ramp or half pipe Fig 2 sopwach large conainer coon acion figure masses Fig 3 half-pipe (guer) filled wih waer Useful websies Much of he informaion in his Facshee has been aken from he following websies, where furher informaion and useful links can be found... hp://www.independen.co.uk/news/science/sharkskin-swimsuis-lead-hiech-bid-for-olympic-gold-724371.hml hp://www.speedo.com/aqualab_echnologies/aqualab/index.hml hp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/high-echnology_swimwear_fabric hp://www.gcsescience.com/pfm34.hm hp://swimming.abou.com/cs/sarandurnec/a/sreamlineips_2.hm hp://swimrigh23.webs.com/sreamline.hm page 12
{facshee} The Human Body When considering how people swim, hinking of ways o improve echnique, drawing up raining regimes, and developing new echnologies o help performance, i is imporan o have a very good knowledge of he human body. In science, he words physiology and anaomy are used when sudying he human body. Physiology looks a how he body funcions. Anaomy is he sudy of he body pars heir posiion and srucure. Muscles Muscles are exremely imporan. They perform hree main funcions: * Allow body posiion o be mainained, e.g. siing and sanding * Produce hea o help keep body emperaure normal * Allow movemen, e.g. walking and running There are many muscles in he human body. The major muscle groups include: * Upper body Trapezius, Biceps, Triceps, Forearms, Shoulders (Deloids) and Ches (Pecorals) * Core muscles Abdominals and Lower back * Lower body - Hamsrings, Quadriceps and Calves The locaion of hese muscles on a human body, and more informaion abou hem, can be found a: hp://www.wanderworks.com/simply_muscle/muscle_groups.hm The BBC Science: Human Body & Mind websie hp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/facfiles/muscle_anaomy.shml also provides excellen informaion on muscles, and allows you o move he muscles on an ineracive body. Swimming Alhough swimming is a full body workou, he main muscles used in freesyle (fron crawl) are he shoulders, riceps, abdominals, and upper leg muscles. The following link shows which muscles are used during differen swimming srokes: www.ehow.com/how-does_5448601_muscle-srucure-swimmer.hml (click on AnyBody: Swimming Backsroke, Breas, Buerfly, FreeSyle video under Resources). This has been aken from he Sarer Aciviy so you may have already seen i. If you look closely a he freesyle (fron crawl) sroke, you will noice how he arms pull down and back hrough he waer, calling he shoulder muscles (deloids) and riceps in paricular, ino acion. The kicking legs rely on los of power from he hips and muscles such as he hamsrings and quadriceps. However, while you may no be surprised by his, i can be easy o overlook he imporance of he abdominals and lower back. These core muscles provide power and sabiliy, and help o mainain a good swimming posiion. A buoyan body Buoyancy helps a lo when swimming. Someone who is no very buoyan will floa lower in he waer. This causes more drag and makes swimming more difficul. Someone who is able o floa higher in he waer, reducing drag, is able o generae greaer speed hrough he waer. Body densiy affecs how buoyan a person is. This varies from one person o he nex, and is dependen on facors such as bone srucure, body fa, muscle size, and lung capaciy. page 13
{facshee} The Human Body The mos widely used mehod for measuring body densiy is hydrosaic weighing. This involves being weighed underwaer. More informaion can be found a: hp://sporsmedicine.abou.com/od/finessevalandassessmen/g/underwaerweigh.hm Mainaining body posiion While he size, shape and weigh of a person can affec how buoyan hey are in waer, he disribuion of buoyancy can affec how easy i is o swim. The mos buoyan par of he human body is he lungs because hey are full of air. The densiy, and herefore buoyancy, of oher body pars is affeced by muscle size. Larger muscles are heavier. However, swimmers and oher ahlees ha swim, such as riahlees, need srong legs. No legs are compleely buoyan. Therefore, kicking is necessary o mainain a good swimming posiion. Less muscular legs may be more buoyan in waer bu less able o kick effecively. Muscular legs may be heavier bu have he srengh for a more effecive kick. Imagine if you were unable o kick your legs a all. How would ha affec your swimming? Useful websies An ineresing sudy ino how buoyancy influences fron crawl performance, can be found a hp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/js.23/pdf Oher websies ha will allow you o find ou more abou muscles, buoyancy and swimming, and have sourced some of he informaion on his Facshee, are: hp://www.eachpe.com/gcse_anaomy/muscles.php hp://www.brianmac.co.uk/muscle.hm hp://www.gebodysmar.com/ap/muscularsysem/menu/menu.hml hp://spo.pcc.edu/~lkidoguc/aquaics/aqex/waer_buoyancy.hm page 14
{facshee} Triahlon and Parariahlon Triahlon and parariahlon are exciing spors, involving hree disciplines: swimming, cycling and running. Compeiors are required o race over various disances in each of hese disciplines, according o he ype of riahlon even. These evens include he super sprin, sprin disance, middle disance, ironman disance and, more commonly, he sandard disance. This sandard disance riahlon requires ahlees o complee a 1500 m swim, followed by a 40 km bike ride, finishing wih a 10 km run. The race also involves he change from one discipline o he nex. These poins are known as ransiions. They occur beween he swimming and cycling sages, and hen again from he cycling sage o he running sage. Being par of he race, i is imporan ha hese ransiions are as quick as possible. Therefore, riahlees pracise heir ransiions as well as rain for each discipline. Wach clips of riahlees racing a: www.briishriahlonmedia.org and www.riahlon.org/mulimedia/videos The hisory of riahlon In 1974, a group of friends consising of swimmers, cycliss and runners, began raining ogeher. I was heir idea o sar organising compeiions ha combined he hree spors. This led o he firs recorded riahlon in Sepember of he same year. 46 ahlees finished he race involving a 5.3 mile run, followed by a 5 mile bike ride, and finishing wih a 600 yard swim. The spor of riahlon grew very quickly and in 1988 discussions began regarding he inclusion of riahlon in he Olympic Games. Evenually riahlon was added o he Olympic Programme and made is debu a he Sydney 2000 Games. The Auhoriies The Inernaional Triahlon Union (ITU) was founded in 1989. Based in Vancouver, Canada, i has grown o include over 120 affiliaed Naional Federaions around he world. Briish Triahlon is one of hese Federaions, consising of Triahlon England, Triahlon Scoland, and Welsh Triahlon. The hree Home Naion Associaions are responsible for heir own memberships, naional eams, and he developmen of riahlon wihin heir counry. Briish Triahlon has paricular responsibiliies for he Grea Briain eams, and Briish and Inernaional evens. The purpose of Briish Triahlon is: To promoe excellence in our spor, and creae opporuniies for everyone o achieve heir personal riahlon challenges. Parariahlon Briish Triahlon has srived o creae a spor ha is accessible o as many differen people as possible, including hose wih disabiliies. This has led o he Naional Parariahlon Programme. The programme suppors Briain s bes Parariahlees hrough selecion o he Briish Parariahlon Performance Squad. These parariahlees aim o compee a he op level and be successful a European and World Championships. page 15
{facshee} Triahlon and Parariahlon To ensure fair compeiion, parariahlees compee in differen caegories, or classificaions. There are currenly six parariahlon caegories: TRI 1 Handcycle: Paraplegic, Quadriplegic, Polio, Double Leg Ampuee. Mus use handcycle on bike course and racing wheelchair on run. TRI 2 Severe leg impairmen including above knee ampuees. Ahlee mus ride bicycle and run wih above knee proshesis (or similar proshesis) or run using cruches. TRI 3 Les Aures: This caegory includes ahlees wih Muliple Sclerosis, Muscular Dysrophy, Cerebral Palsy, double leg ampuee runners or paralysis in muliple limbs. Ahlee will ride a bicycle and run. Ahlee may use braces or proshesis if required. TRI 4 Arm impairmen including paralysis, above-elbow ampuees and below-elbow ampuees, or impairmen in boh upper limbs. Ahlee may use proshesis, brace or sling on he bike and/or run. TRI 5 Moderae leg impairmen including below-knee ampuees. Ahlee rides bicycle and runs wih proshesis. TRI 6 Visual Impairmen, legally Blind (20/200 vision wih bes correcive vision). A handler of he same sex is mandaory hroughou he race. Ahlee is ehered during he swim and run. Ahlee uses a andem bicycle. Wach video fooage abou he parariahlon, including clips of parariahlees compeing, a: www.riahlon.org/parariahlon www.riahlon.org/mulimedia/videos/caegory/parariahlon hp://www.briishriahlon.org/grea-briain-eams/elie-eams/parariahlon Useful resources This informaion on his Facshee has been aken from he following websies, where furher informaion can be found: hp://www.briishriahlon.org/ hp://www.riahlonengland.org/ hp://www.welshriahlon.org/ hp://www.riahlonscoland.org/ hp://www.riahlon.org/ hp://www.riahlon.org/parariahlon/ page 16
{facshee} Wesuis Wesuis are used in a number of waer spors and aciviies, such as windsurfing, waerskiing, diving and surfing. They are designed o provide warmh (insulaion), buoyancy and proecion. Wesuis are made from a maerial called neoprene, which is srechy. The neoprene conains los of small bubbles. I is hese bubbles ha give he wesui is insulaion properies, and also creaes addiional buoyancy. The amoun of warmh and buoyancy a wesui provides depends on he hickness of maerial used. Wesuis end o be made wih neoprene of a hickness somewhere beween 1.5 mm and 6 mm. The hickness also affecs how srechy he neoprene is. Neoprene samples can be bough from: hp://www.ewesuis.com/acaalog/neoprene-shees-5mm.hml hp://www.homecrafs.co.uk/producs-neoprene-shees_e800a.hm Triahlon Triahlees wear a wesui for he swimming sage. However, he normal ype of wesui worn by people paricipaing in waer spors is no ideal for he riahlon. Imporan consideraions for he riahlon are ha he swimming sage occurs in open waer (rivers and lakes). Triahlees need o be able o swim as fas as possible, and hey mus be able o ake heir wesui off quickly during ransiion. Normal wesuis are designed o proec agains conac wih oher equipmen, a surf board for example. No only do riahlon wesuis no need o wihsand abrasion, bu hick neoprene can resric he range of movemen needed o swim quickly. Alhough riahlon wesuis can have sleeves, sleeveless versions are available ha reduce resricion and provide more freedom of movemen in he arms. Buoyancy is also an imporan propery of riahlon wesuis. Legs are he leas buoyan par of he human body if hey do no move in waer, hey would sink. When swimming, he waer passing beneah causes he legs o move upwards. Kicking he legs makes hem rise even closer o he waer s surface. If legs were more buoyan, achieving his sreamlined swimming posiion would ake less effor effor ha can hen be used o swim faser. This is a paricular issue for riahlees as he large leg muscles hey develop hrough cycling and running make heir legs even heavier. Combine his wih a far more buoyan upper body (due o he posiion of he lungs) and he role of he wesui is paramoun. The wesui mus help riahlees o mainain a good, sreamlined body posiion, reducing any drag caused by he legs. Therefore, riahlon wesui manufacurers end o use hicker, more buoyan maerial in he hips, highs and lower leg. Finally, he wesui mus be quick and easy o remove. The ransiion from he swimming sage o he bike ride is sill par of he race, so riahlees mus be able o make a quick exi from heir wesui! Sleeveless wesuis are quicker o remove. Longer zips, including a he ankle and/or wris (of a full sui), are also incorporaed o aid swif removal. In summary: * Full sui (wih sleeves) or Sleeveless (quicker o ake off and allows beer movemen of arms) * High qualiy neoprene for exra comfor * Thinner, more flexible maerial around shoulders and arms o improve movemen (in full suis) * Thicker, more buoyan maerial in he legs * Smooh surface o reduce fricion in waer (no suiable for abrasive use, such as surfing) * Provide warmh for cold, open waer swimming * Exra, and longer, zips for quick removal during ransiion page 17
{facshee} Wesuis Useful resources There is much informaion abou wesuis on he Inerne. Typing riahlon wesuis ino your search engine will hrow up a huge number of useful websies. Here are a few: hp://www.ri247.com/aricle_7394.hml hp://www.surfing-waves.com/wesui.hm hp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/triahlon_equipmen hp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/open_waer_swimming page 18
{eacher noes} inroducion Parariahlees need specialised equipmen o allow hem o compee. Whils he developmen in echnology of prosheic limbs, racing wheelchairs and handcycles has been subsanial, no such developmens have been made wih wesuis. A he momen, parariahlees have o adap heir wesuis hemselves. They splin heir legs by insering poles inside he wesui. They srap heir legs o keep hem ogeher. Some even sich he legs of he wesui ogeher. The sudens may hink abou designing a kind of mermaid sui, wih boh legs fiing ino one leg (like a sleeping bag). They migh include addiional zips, allowing he wesui o be removed like a banana skin. Furher consideraions may be given o he legs of he wesui, incorporaing exra buoyancy and buil-in splins (or pouches, a bi like puing up a camping en). Curren regulaions prohibi he use of buoyancy aids, and no par of he wesui should exceed a hickness of 5mm. However, sudens need no be guided by hese resricions. They should be free o be as creaive as possible. This Challenge is an opporuniy for sudens o explore, experimen and innovae. The sudens mus produce a presenaion, making proposals for heir new wesui design. The Challenge presens an ineresing way o explore he relaionship beween mass, weigh, force and pressure, as well as he concep of densiy. Sudens should work in eams of four o six people. Teams will need o manage heir ime effecively, sharing ou differen asks. They mus make sure hey mee he Challenge Brief, bu no ake on more han can be realisically compleed in he ime available. Careful planning is required. Sarer Aciviy The Sarer Aciviy could be used o inroduce he sudens o he Challenge. I is designed o grab heir aenion and engage hem in he spor of swimming and how we use our bodies o swim. This is achieved by waching and discussing various video clips of people swimming. The Facshees The Facshees provide informaion ha he sudens may find helpful when planning wha o do and developing heir design ideas. The informaion may help he sudens o decide wha he mos imporan properies are o include in he design of heir wesui. They also provide some suggesions for ess and aciviies (Buoyancy and Sreamlining Facshees). The sudens do no have o do hese, bu hey may promp addiional ideas. The sudens should be encouraged o explore heir own houghs, decide on furher research o carry ou, and design heir own experimens. Alhough he ess and aciviies suggesed in he Buoyancy and Sreamlining Facshees do no pose any significan hazards, eachers mus always complee a risk assessmen when carrying ou any pracical work. Care is needed where waer is being used, wih appropriae precauions o minimise he risks of slippery floors. Paricular cauion should be aken if any work is carried ou in a swimming pool ensure appropriaely qualified aduls are presen. Remember, even shallow waers can be poenially dangerous. The Facshees should no always need o be prined ou. They are here as a reference for sudens. Where possible, encourage sudens o look a he resources online. page 19
{eacher noes} inroducion Presenaion The Challenge Brief provides some guidance for he sudens on wha hey need o do and how o presen heir work. There is no se way of presening he design proposals. When developing presenaions, sudens should be reminded abou feaures of good communicaion: * using a mixure of verbal, wrien and visual communicaion * presening mahemaical and scienific informaion, raher han emoive argumens * using mahemaic and scienific language and erminology correcly * being able o alk knowledgeably abou every aspec of he Challenge page 20
{eacher noes} curriculum links (england) Programme of sudy for key sage 3 Design and echnology Key conceps Designing and making d. Exploring how producs have been designed and made in he pas, how hey are currenly designed and made, and how hey may develop in he fuure. Creaiviy a. Making links beween principles of good design, exising soluions and echnological knowledge o develop innovaive producs and processes. c. Exploring and experimening wih ideas, maerials, echnologies and echniques Criical evaluaion a. Analysing exising producs and soluions o inform designing and making. b. Evaluaing he needs of users and he conex in which producs are used o inform designing and making Key processes a. generae, develop, model and communicae ideas in a range of ways, using appropriae sraegies b. respond creaively o briefs, developing heir own proposals and producing specificaions for producs c. apply heir knowledge and undersanding of a range of maerials, ingrediens and echnologies o design and make heir producs h. reflec criically when evaluaing and modifying heir ideas and proposals o improve producs hroughou heir developmen and manufacure. Science Key conceps Scienific hinking b. Criically analysing and evaluaing evidence from observaions and experimens Applicaions and implicaions of science a. Exploring how he creaive applicaion of scienific ideas can bring abou echnological developmens and consequen changes in he way people hink and behave Key processes Pracical and enquiry skills c. Plan and carry ou pracical and invesigaive aciviies, boh individually and in groups Criical undersanding of evidence a. Obain, record and analyse daa from a wide range of primary and secondary sources including ICT courses, and use heir findings o provide evidence for scienific explanaions Communicaion a. Use appropriae mehods, including ICT, o communicae scienific informaion and conribue o presenaions and discussions abou scienific issues Range and conen Energy, elecriciy and forces b. Forces are ineracions beween objecs and can affec heir shape and moion Range and conen b. undersanding of users needs and he problems arising from hem m. how o prepare and assemble componens o achieve funcional resuls page 21
{eacher noes} curriculum links (norhern ireland) Programme of Sudy a Key Sage 3 Technology and Design Teaching and Learning Oucomes This Challenge provides opporuniies for pupils o develop a range of skills, knowledge and undersanding wihin Technology and Design. Conen and Approach Designing Pupils have he opporuniy o invesigae, generae and evaluae design proposals, using informaion gahered from a variey of sources. They can use a design brief o guide heir hinking, considering he form, funcion and safey of heir design. Communicaing Pupils should use a variey of communicaion skills and echniques, including oral, wrien and graphic communicaion. They have he opporuniy o work in groups, presening heir ideas and findings boh orally and in wrien repors. Pupils should use freehand skeches and deailed drawings wih annoaions. Manufacuring Manufacuring opporuniies will be dependen on wheher he pupils aemp o make heir whole wesui, pars of i, or no manufacure i a all. They could selec, and use correcly and safely, appropriae ools, carrying ou manufacuring processes such as cuing and joining. Science EXPERIMENTAL AND INVESTIGATIVE SCIENCE This Challenge provides opporuniies for pupils o plan and carry ou invesigaions, presening and inerpreing heir resuls. PHYSICAL PROCESSES: forces Linear Learn ha he movemen of an objec depends on he size and direcions of he forces exered on i. Invesigae he effec of fricion on moving objecs. Pressure Undersand how he effec of a force over differen areas resuls in differen pressures. page 22
{eacher noes} curriculum links (scoland) Curriculum for excellence Technologies Technological developmens in sociey When exploring echnologies in he world around me, I can use wha I learn o help o design or improve my ideas or producs. TCH 2-01a From my sudies of echnologies in he world around me, I can begin o undersand he relaionship beween key scienific principles and echnological developmens. TCH 3-01a Food and exiles conexs for developing echnological skills and knowledge I can use exile skills in pracical and creaive siuaions in my place of learning, a home or in he world of work. TCH 3-10c By using problem-solving sraegies and showing creaiviy in a design challenge, I can plan, develop, make and evaluae food or exile iems which mee needs a home or in he world of work. TCH 3-11a Sciences Forces, elecriciy and waves By conribuing o invesigaions of energy loss due o fricion, I can sugges ways of improving he efficiency of moving sysems. SCN 3-07a By invesigaing floaing and sinking of objecs in waer, I can apply my undersanding of buoyancy o solve a pracical challenge. SCN 2-08b Through experimenaion, I can explain floaing and sinking in erms of he relaive densiies of differen maerials. SCN 4-08b Craf, design, engineering and graphics conexs for developing echnological skills and knowledge By using problem-solving sraegies and showing creaiviy in a design challenge, I can plan, develop, organise and evaluae he producion of iems which mee needs a home or in he world of work. TCH 3-14a Having explored graphical echniques and heir applicaion, I can selec, organise and represen informaion and ideas graphically. TCH 3-15a page 23
{eacher noes} curriculum links (wales) Key Sage 3 Programme of Sudy Design and echnology SKILLS Designing 1. use given design briefs 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. idenify and use appropriae sources of informaion o help generae and develop heir ideas and producs be creaive and innovaive in heir hinking when generaing ideas for heir producs develop a specificaion for heir produc explore, develop and communicae design ideas in a range of ways, including annoaion, drawings and CAD evaluae, refine and modify heir design ideas as hey develop evaluae heir final design ideas Making Opporuniies will be dependen on wheher he pupils aemp o make heir whole wesui, pars of i, or no make i a all. Pupils could 1. develop he skills o selec and work wih a range of maerials 2. use a range of equipmen and processes o shape and join maerials 3. be creaive in finding alernaive ways of making if he firs aemp is no achievable Science SKILLS This Challenge provides opporuniies for pupils o carry ou differen ypes of enquiry (developing he skills of planning, developing and reflecing), and o communicae heir findings scienifically (using a range of mehods). RANGE How hings work 2. forces of differen kinds 3. he ways in which forces can affec movemen (From he Key Sage 2 Programme of Sudy, bu can be exended o densiies and pressure) RANGE Pupils are given he opporuniy o develop heir design and echnology skills hrough aciviies in which hey invesigae, design, make and evaluae producs in a real life conex.. page 24
{eacher noes} sarer aciviy This aciviy could be used o inroduce he Challenge. As i involves waching some online videos, access o he inerne and a media projecor are required o deliver he session as a whole class aciviy. 1. 2. 3. 4. Begin by waching he Men s 100 m Freesyle swimming final a he 2008 Beijing Olympic Games:» www.youube.com/wach?v=cfg32b-symm Alhough Alain Bernard is seen winning his race, one of he mos successful swimmers in recen imes, is Ausralian Ian Thorpe. He has won an impressive five Olympic Gold medals, hree a Sydney in 2000 and wo more a he 2004 Ahens Games. Explain o he sudens ha you are going o show hem a slow moion clip of Ian Thorpe swimming:» www.youube.com/wach?v=-8qupedb8ki&feaure=relaed Ask hem o wach closely and consider he way he swims how he moves his body, and wha body pars and muscles he uses he mos. Alernaively, or addiionally, you could show he sudens he longer clip of Michael Phelps:» www.youube.com/wach?v=ax77_hhq9dc This asonishing American swimmer has 22 Olympic medals, including 18 Gold! Discuss he sudens observaions. Sudens migh be surprised o know ha swimming uses every major muscle group in he body, uncluding: * Upper body Trapezius, Biceps, Triceps, Forearms, Shoulders (Deloids) and Ches (Pecorals) * Core muscles Abdominals and Lower back * Lower body Hamsrings, Quadriceps and Calves For an illusraion of muscle use when swimming, go o» hp://www.youube.com/wach?v=1rq8iegd2jk This shor animaed clip highlighs he muscles as hey are used during he differen swimming srokes. The diagrams a he end of his documen could also be used o idenify and label he differen muscles. Now ask he sudens o imagine ha hey are disabled in some way missing a limb, for example, or even paralysed from he ches down. * Do hey hink i would sill be possible o swim? * Wha do hey hink would be he main difficulies and how do hey hink hese migh be overcome? Esablish he difficuly in appreciaing jus how hard i mus be. Able-bodied people can easily ake for graned he abiliy o swim, and ye many sill find i difficul. * Can hey even begin o imagine he problems of swimming wihou he use of many of heir muscles? page 25
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{role models} jenny illoson Name: Jenny Tilloson Organisaion: Cenral Sain Marins College of Ar & Design Job Tile: Reader in Sensory Fashion 1. Wha do you do? I am a Reader in Sensory Fashion I research and design wearable echnologies, and look a using he sense of smell in fashion, wellbeing and healhcare. 2. Describe your ypical work day If I am no ravelling or speaking a conferences, I spend my ime aending meeings, answering emails and reading rend repors abou he laes developmens in design, echnology and science. I also wrie funding proposals, each sudens, direc design and scen eams and work in he laboraory. 3. Which subjecs did you enjoy mos a school? I enjoyed Ar, Drama, Hisory and wriing sories. Alhough my school was renowned for is STEM subjecs hey didn ineres me a he ime; I preferred craf, and I learn o sew and made many of my own clohes. 4. Wha qualificaions do you have? A BA (Hons) in Fashion from Cenral Sain Marin s and a PhD in Prined Texiles from he Royal College of Ar. 5. To wha degree were STEM subjecs imporan in geing your job? I didn need STEM subjecs o ge my curren job, bu I hink Chemisry and Biology would have been useful when I was building my undersanding of neuroscience and how he sense of smell works. Science ficion, however, has always been an inspiraion and ha definiely was imporan! 6. Wha were he main facors ha araced you o your curren job role and how did you go abou enering ino his career? In my early career I worked as a fashion sylis, which was glamorous bu no simulaing enough. Then, 20 years ago, I was diagnosed wih bipolar disorder which led o me deciding o swich careers. Inspired by science ficion and encouraged by my husband (who was hen working as a designer for he sci-fi designer Thierry Mugler), I developed novel ways of projecing emoion and he senses, hrough new channels and using echniques beyond radiional exiles. I hen did a PhD on mood-enhancing smar exiles ha I hough could benefi everyone. 7. Do you have any advice for somebody looking ino he same career? Don be scared o hink big, however exreme i may seem, and remember failure is par of he journey - I have failed many imes. If you have a dream, follow i - here is never a beer ime o be ambiious. I ve had o wai a long ime for my dream o happen, and i is only jus beginning. page 30
{role models} Jenny Tilloson 8. Wha are he bes/ wors hings abou your job? Wha do you find mos rewarding abou i? The bes par is geing o mee all kinds of people working in areas including bioscience, policy making and science ficion o name jus a few! Also being able o develop my ideas o change he fuure and receive recogniion from people including high-profile scieniss, eachers and he fragrance indusry. The wors hing is he disappoinmen when funding proposals fall hrough. 9. Wha are he challenges of your job? Raising funds for research can be very difficul. As I am no scienifically rained, convincing scieniss o believe in my work can someimes be challenging. My research and design work is underpinned by science and echnology hough, and he sory-elling I loved a school has helped me o communicae he science in a creaive way. 10. Wha has been he highligh of your career so far? Wha has been he mos exciing/ ineresing projec you have worked on? I was fanasic being recognised inernaionally as a pioneer of Scensory Design research, and being old how imporan my work will be in he fuure. Working in he lab a he Universiy of Cambridge has been exciing and I was delighed o be made a Reader his year. 11. How do you hope o progress in your field over he coming years? I wan o miniaurise and perfec he echnologies we have developed so hey can have wider uses and greaer impacs in he fuure. I see his echnology being used in vehicles, space research, e books and as a sensory learning ool for schools eaching STEM subjecs. 12. Wha passions and ineress do you pursue in your personal ime? I like o keep up o dae wih new rends in areas such as echnology and fashion. My husband is an avid surfer so we enjoy spending ime a he beach wih our hree children. Inspire young people in science, echnology, engineering and mahs. Become a STEM Ambassador. STEMNET, 2nd Floor, Weson House, 246 High Holborn, London WC1V 7EX T 020 3206 0450, E info@semne.org.uk page 31
{role models} simon mcmaser Name: Simon McMaser Organisaion: Foofalls and Hearbeas UK Limied Job Tile: chief operaing officer 1. Wha do you do? Everyhing! As scienific founder of he company (ha develops sensors for monioring sporsmen and women), I look afer he scienific side of developmen of applicaions and deal direcly wih cliens. 2. Describe your ypical work day I work from home so normally sar he day checking hrough emails. I hen spli my day beween produc developmen and liaising wih cliens, and research and esing of producs using equipmen I have a home. 3. Wha hours do you work? Normally I sar he day around 8:30am and alk o he paren company office in New Zealand abou 9pm alhough I won necessarily be working all ha ime. 4. Which subjecs did you enjoy mos a school? Chemisry, chemisry, chemisry! I loved chemisry, paricularly as I had a fanasic eacher. 5. Wha qualificaions do you have? I have a BSc in Chemisry from The Open Universiy and a Graduae Cerificae in Research Commercialisaion. I wen o school in New Zealand so compleed he equivalen of Chemisry, Physics and English A-levels. 6. To wha degree were STEM subjecs imporan in geing your job? I is definiely imporan o have an ineres. I m possibly he world s mos curious person and really enjoy finding ou how hings work. Science subjecs allow you o furher ha curiosiy. 7. Wha were he main facors ha araced you o your curren job role and how did you go abou enering ino his career? I sor of fell ino i really. Whils sudying for my degree wih The Open Universiy I had he idea for Foofalls and Hearbeas Limied. We were sudying nanoechnology and I hough I wonder if you could do ha wih clohing and i wen from here. Evenually I managed o ge some funding o do some furher research and subsequenly sared he company. 8. Do you have any advice for somebody looking ino he same career? Always enjoy wha you do. Tha way you will ge he bes resuls career wise. Perseverance is also imporan. Everyone has days where you don wan o do i anymore bu if you persevere i will be worhwhile. Be open o new ideas. page 32
{role models} simon mcmaser 9. Wha are he bes/wors hings abou your job? Wha do you find mos rewarding abou i? Being able o mee and engage wih very smar people working in a lo of differen fields, geing heir inpu on my work and learning more abou he commercial side of wha I do. Disadvanages are i can be quie lonely someimes so i s imporan o have oher ineress going on ouside of work. 10. Wha are he challenges of your job? Learning o communicae and lisen effecively wih companies and undersanding ha even if somehing is he answer o a problem i may no be he righ hing for he cusomer. As scieniss we need o acknowledge why design is imporan and undersand how people will use our produc. 11. Wha has been he highligh of your career so far? Receiving around $300k of funding for he paren company in New Zealand confirmed here was real commercial ineres in he idea. I also ook par in a ChemNe course recenly - helping young people learn wha hey could do wih science and eaching hem abou exiles was fanasic fun. 12. How do you hope o progress in your field over he coming years? I hope o develop boh he UK and New Zealand businesses so hey are boh in a posiion o provide an excellen research and producion faciliy. This would provide good careers for young people ineresed in science or design. 13. Wha passions and ineress do you pursue in your personal ime? Waching he All Blacks hrash everyone in rugby! I also enjoy sailing, cooking, keeping fi and ravelling. Being a STEM Ambassador is also fanasic fun; I may even consider doing some eaching in he fuure as I wan o inspire more young people abou Chemisry. Inspire young people in science, echnology, engineering and mahs. Become a STEM Ambassador. STEMNET, 2nd Floor, Weson House, 246 High Holborn, London WC1V 7EX T 020 3206 0450, E info@semne.org.uk page 33