Snohomish County Fruit Society Spotted Wing Drosophila Research Project Presented by Rebekah Jackson April 5, 2014 (all pictures and graphs unless otherwise noted are copyright Rebekah Jackson, 2013)
An Idea is Born Need Chapter Fundraiser Saw Email About Grant SWD Traps WCFS Grant
The Questions Trap Type So many easy homemade traps are there some that work better than others? Bait Longevity How long is ACV effective without changing it? How ineffective does it become the longer it is left?
The Background Research Dave Pehling, Pest Management, WSU Snohomish Extension Dick & Marilyn Tilbury, Backyard Researchers, Seattle Tree Fruit Society Elizabeth Beers, Entomologist, WSU Tree Fruit Research & Extension Center Beverly Gerdeman, Entomologist, WSU Mt Vernon NW WA Research & Extension Center Amy Dreves, OSU IPM Research Extension & Education Entomologist Mike Jackson, Epidemiologist (& Research Methods Specialist), Group Health Cooperative
Identifying Variables Trap & Bait Variables: Container size Container color(s) Type of opening(s) Location of opening(s) Size of opening Shape of openings Distance between opening & bait Bait type Surfactant type Volume of bait Frequency of bait change Deployment Variables: Fruit type Location in fruit patch Location in relation to outside influences (e.g. compost pile, other fruit types) Height of trap Sun or shade Proximity to plant Trap density (# of traps) Space between traps Season of deployment
Controlling for Variables Trap Type Trap & Bait Variables: Container size 16, 24, 32 oz Container color(s)-clear except for spice bottle lid Location of opening(s)- upper 1/3 of trap Size of opening-3/16 holes, 1 sq. windows Shape of openings-holes or mesh covered squares Distance between opening & bait Bait type Surfactant type Volume of bait Frequency of bait change Deployment Variables: Fruit type Location in fruit patch Location in relation to outside influences (e.g. compost pile, other fruit types) Height of trap Sun or shade Proximity to plant Trap density (# of traps) Space between traps Season of deployment
Controlling for Variables Bait Longevity Trap & Bait Variables: Container size Container color(s) Location of opening(s) Size of opening Shape of openings Distance between opening & bait Bait type Surfactant type Volume of bait Frequency of bait change Deployment Variables: Fruit type Location in fruit patch Location in relation to outside influences (e.g. compost pile, other fruit types) Height of trap Sun or shade Proximity to plant Trap density (# of traps) Space between traps Season of deployment
Submitted and Awarded Grant
So it Begins... Research team meets to work out details of study. Mark, team entomologist, teaches us how to identify SWD.
Meet the Team» Bekie Jackson SCFS member, team lead» Mark Salser SCFS member, entomologist» Randy Lee SCFS member, pomologist,» Chris Castro SCFS member» Ashlynn Johnson FFA student (high school)
Trap Type 16 oz. Water Bottle w/ Holes 16 oz. Spice Bottle w/ Holes 16 oz. Spice 24 oz. Plastic 32 oz. Deli Bottle w/ Drink Cup w/ Container w/ Mesh Holes Mesh
Bait Longevity NUMBER BAIT LONGEVITY 1 changed weekly 2 filtered weekly but not changed 3 changed every 2 weeks, no filtering 4 changed every 3 weeks, no filtering 5 changed every 4 weeks, no filtering
Setting up the Site
Deploying the Traps 150 ml of bait apple cider vinegar w/ liquid non-scented dishsoap, 4 ml soap to 3.78 L vinegar RANDOMIZED TRAP LOCATION TRAP LOC. WEEK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A 3 4 3 5 4 5 4 3 B 2 2 1 1 1 4 5 2 C 1 1 4 4 5 2 2 1
Collecting
Identifying & Counting
Identifying & Counting Dichotomous Key Contents are an adaptation of the Identifying Drosophila suzukii dichotomous key, 6/2/2010, Oregon Dept of Agriculture, Josh Vlach.
Results Trap Type
Results Bait Longevity
Results Other Observations Strawberries effects of improved sanitation practices?
Conclusions Trap Type The most effective design was the 16-ounce water bottle with holes. The plastic water cup and the spice bottle with mesh were least effective. The water bottle with holes was slightly more effective than the spice bottle with holes, but the spice bottles were much easier to handle.
Conclusions Bait Longevity Changing the bait less than weekly resulted in dramatic reductions in trapping effectiveness. Changing the bait every two weeks cut trapping effectiveness in half compared with changing bait weekly, and longer intervals were even less effective. Filtering the bait was also ineffective. Thus, home orchardists hoping to trap SWD for monitoring or control will need to plan on changing ACV trap bait at least weekly.
Further Work for Backyard Orchardists Sanitation Practices Affect on Control Trap Density Bait Effectiveness (university studies) Trap Location e.g. Height (university studies)
Thank You! Mark Salser Randy Lee Chris Castro Ashlynn Johnson Bob Stafford Elizabeth Beers Amy Dreves Beverly Gerdeman Dave Pehling Dick & Marilyn Tilbury Gil Schieber & Skipley Farms Chris Homanics Judi Stewart WCFS Grant Committee Snohomish FFA Snohomish County Fruit Society