The spring spawning habitats of small pelagic fish in northwestern Mexico Jose A. Valencia and Timothy Baumgartner Centro de Inves;gación Cien=fica y Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Mexico E-mail: augusto.valencia@uabc.edu.mx San Diego, C.A. November 1, 216 1
The small pelagic fishes are important for Early age-of-maturity Schooling behavior Occupy Intermediate trophic level Support important fisheries The abundance fluctuates greatly in response to environmental condi7ons 2
Outline of presenta+on v The Pacific sardine a. Commercial landings and stocks b. Seasonal spawning off Baja California c. Interannual varibility of spawning off California and Baja California v Efects of climate forcing on the spawning habitat of Pacific sardine, northern anchovy and Jack mackerel a. Interannual variability in wind stress b. Changes in distribu;on of spawning areas of the three species 3
CATCH (x 1 3 t) 14 12 1 8 6 4 Cumula<ve landings of the Pacific Sardine in the California Current System EN IC BM MÉXICO 174,299 t CANADÁ, 12,47 t 1.1% CATCH (x 1 3 t) 2 14 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 YEAR 12 EUA 1 O&W MY 8 SP 6 4 2 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 25 YEAR 23,697 t USA, 1 475,869 t 16.1% MÉXICO 7 64,51 t 82.8 % CATCH (x 1 3 t) 2 15 1 VA CANADA Félix-Uraga 215 (IN PRESS) 5 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 YEAR, t 214 4
Pacific sardine stocks and their seasonal movements based on commercial landings (Felix-Uraga et al. 24) C T W Conceptual model of stock movements and their rela<onship to temperatures Fisheries-derived informa;on is biased by the opera;onal scale 5
Landings of Temperate and Cool stocks in Ensenada and San Pedro fishery, 1981-212 SAN PEDRO 236,722 t 428,947 t 35.6 % 64.4 % ENSENADA (Félix-Uraga 215, IN PRESS) 377,938 t 32.5 % 784,762 t 67.5 % 6
Biological evidence for shir in stocks from landings 2 1). Length weight rela;onship from monthly samples of landings at Ensenada, January through November 22 12 Jul 15 11 Jan 19 Feb 7+27 Ago 14+3 Sep 15+29 Oct 12+ 26 Nov (g) Weight 1 13 Mar 9 Apr 9 May 1 4 Jun 5 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Fork length (mm) April, 22 7
2). Timing of reproduc;on of the different stocks INDICE GONADOSOMATICO index Gonad soma<c 3. 2.5 2. 1.5 1..5.??? Outside of the fishing zone 22 Monthly sampling by the fleet 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 MES 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 FACTOR DE CONDICIÓN CONDITION FACTOR 8
26 24 22 Subtropical habitat California Current - Transitional (Subarctic Water mixing with Subtropical Surface Water) 3). The spawning habitats of the different stocks can be differen;ated by salinity and temperature. 32 T emperature ( C ) 2 18 16 14 12 Subarctic habitat California Current (Subarctic Water) January 2 April 2 July 2 October 2 33.4 33.6 33.8 34 34.2 34.4 34.6 Salinity Jan Apr Jul Oct 3 L atitude ( N ) 28 26 N 24 118 116 114 118 116 114 118 116 114 118 116 114 L ong itude ( W) 9
Spring spawning distribu<on of Pacific sardine joint research programs: IMECOCAL (Mexico) and CalCOFI (US).1% 1.%.1%.7%.% 21 22 211 23 212 24 213 15 2 1.4% 2.6% 8.%.3% 1.2% 3.7% 4.3% 27 28 29 Percentages are the percent of total spawning habitat in the IMECOCAL sampling area Baja California waters are marginal habitat for spawning sardines 1 compared to region off California
Climate forcing on the spawning habitat by wind stress differences from 2-25 climatology: Blue: winds weakened Red: winds increased 22 23 2 x 1 N m 2 8 4 4 8 11
Dynamic topography as indicator of spawning habitat selec<on by species Pacific sardine Northern anchovy Jack mackerel 22 Sardine è greatest extension of the la;tudinal spawning habitat Anchovy è spawning in waters off southern California Bight with less egg density compared to the other two species 12
Pacific sardine Northern anchovy Jack mackerel 23 Jack mackerel è associated with oligotrophic oceanic environments compared to other small pelagic species. Warming condi;ons compressed the oceanic environmental towards the coast resul;ng in more stability of the water column; more favorable for the reproduc;ve success of the J. mackerel and consequent reduc;on for anchovy and sardine habitat off Baja California 13
Interannual variability in spawning area Sardine Jack Mackerel Anchovy More spawning area for anchovy (25) Jack mackerel (23) 14
Northern anchovy Pacific sardine Jack mackerel www.dfw.state.or.us Thanks! 15
2 21 22 23 24 3.% 5.7% 2.6%.3% 3.7% 25.1% 26 1.% 27.1% 28.7% 29.% Proporción indica la fracción de huevos totales en México 21 211 212 213 2 15 Desove en parches úl;mos años 1.4% 8.% 1.2% 4.3% 16