BIKE TRANSIT INTEGRATION IN NORTH AMERICA. John Pucher & Ralph Buehler

BIKE TRANSIT INTEGRATION IN NORTH AMERICA John Pucher & Ralph Buehler

Synergies: Bicycling and Public Transport: Perfect Together? Cycling extends catchment areas of transit stops far beyond walking range Much cheaper than park and ride for cars Transit complements cycling by overcoming long distances, physical barriers, bad weather Rivalries and conflicts: Limited space on crowded peak hour transit vehicles Cycling substitutes for public transport over short distances Most studies find mutually beneficial overall, but much more research needed

4.5 Share of Workers Commuting by Bicycle in US and Canadian Cities and Metropolitan Areas, 2006/2007 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.5 3.0 3.0 Percent of Workers 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.4 1.1 0.5 1.7 1.7 0.4 1.0 2.5 1.5 1.7 0.8 1.3 City MSA 0.0 New York City Chicago Washington, D.C. Toronto San Francisco Vancouver Minneapolis Portland Sources: U.S. Census Bureau (2008) and Statistics Canada (2008)

Share of Workers Riding Transit in US and Canadian Cities and Metropolitan Areas, 2006/2007 60.0 54.6 50.0 Percent of Workers 40.0 30.0 20.0 11.2 13.4 21.0 16.5 26.7 11.5 33.0 14.5 34.4 22.2 36.4 13.3 30.2 City MSA 10.0 5.6 4.2 0.0 Portland Minneapolis Vancouver Chicago San Francisco Toronto Washington, D.C. Sources: U.S. Census Bureau (2008) and Statistics Canada (2008) New York City

Trend in Share of Workers Commuting by Bicycle in Large US Cities, 2000-2008 6.0 5.0 Percent of Workers 4.0 3.0 2.0 Portland Minneapolis San Francisco Washington, D.C. Chicago New York City 1.0 0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Sources: U.S. Census Bureau (2003-2009)

Types of Bike-Transit Integration Bike parking at rail stations and bus stops Multi-functional, full service bike stations Bike racks on buses Bikes on board vehicles, usually on rail vehicles, often with special provisions Bike paths, lanes, and on-street bike routes that lead to public transit stations and thus facilitate bike s role as feeder to transit

Main form of bike-transit integration in Europe for decades Photo: John Pucher

Bike racks and lockers at Metrorail Station in Virginia Photo: Paul DeMaio

Indoor bike parking in Chicago Photo : Chicago Transit Authority

Including vertical racks to save space Photo: Chicago Transit Authority

smart card used to access lockers Electronic bike lockers at North Berkeley BART station Photo: Bay Area Rapid Transit

Photo: City of Muenster Photo: City of Muenster Photo: Peter Berkeley Bike parking at bus stops in Europe Photo: City of Muenster

Types of Bike-Transit Integration Bike parking at rail stations and bus stops Multi-functional, full service bike stations Bike racks on buses Bikes on board vehicles, usually on rail vehicles, often with special provisions Bike paths, lanes, and on-street bike routes that lead to public transit stations and thus facilitate bike s role as feeder to transit

Bike station at Berkeley BART station Photo: Bay Area Rapid Transit

Bike Station in Millennium Park, Chicago Just above terminal station of two commuter rail lines Photo: Chicagoland Bicycling Coalition

New Bike Station in Washington, D.C. Photo: Ralph Buehler

Bike Station in Muenster, Germany Photo: Peter Berkeley

Bike Wash at Muenster Bike Station Photo: Peter Berkeley

Photo: Peter Berkeley ÖV Fiets and Call A Bike in Germany and Netherlands Photo: Peter Berkeley Easy bike rentals at transit stations Photo: German Railways

Types of Bike-Transit Integration Bike parking at rail stations and bus stops Multi-functional, full service bike stations Bike racks on buses Bikes on board vehicles, usually on rail vehicles, often with special provisions Bike paths, lanes, and on-street bike routes that lead to public transit stations and thus facilitate bike s role as feeder to transit

80% Trend in Percentage of Buses with Exterior Bicycle Racks in the USA, 2001-2008 70% 71% 62% 63% 60% 57% Percent of Busses with Bicycle Racks 50% 40% 30% 27% 32% 36% 46% 50% 20% 10% 0% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 (Source: APTA, Public Transportation Factbook 2008, Table 23)

Over 50,000 buses in the USA now come equipped with bike racks Photo: Santa Barbara Bicycling Coalition

Types of Bike-Transit Integration Bike parking at rail stations and bus stops Multi-functional, full service bike stations Bike racks on buses Bikes on board vehicles, usually on rail vehicles, often with special provisions Bike paths, lanes, and on-street bike routes that lead to public transit stations and thus facilitate bike s role as feeder to transit

Bike on LRT in NJ and Minneapolis Photo: John Boyle Photo: Metro Transit

Bikes on SkyTrain in Vancouver Photo: TransLink

Bikes on BART in SF Bay Area Photo: Ralph Buehler Bikes permitted on-board except during peak hours, and without special provisions for bike storage such as on CalTrain Photo: Ralph Buehler Photo: Ralph Buehler

Bike on Suburban Rail in NJ Photo: Leigh Ann Von Hagen

Bikes on Caltrain in San Francisco Photo: Ralph Buehler Photo: San Francisco Bicycling Coalition Photo: John Pucher

Types of Bike-Transit Integration Bike parking at rail stations and bus stops Multi-functional, full service bike stations Bike racks on buses Bikes on board vehicles, usually on rail vehicles, often with special provisions Bike paths, lanes, and on-street bike routes that lead to public transit stations and thus facilitate bike s role as feeder to transit

Bike Parking at Transit Stops and Stations Bike Racks on Buses Bikes on Trains Bike Routes and Transit Stops Overall San Francisco Portland Vancouver Minneapolis Chicago Toronto Washington, DC New York City

Growth in Bike-Transit Trips Washington Metrorail: 60% growth in bike and ride from 2002 to 2007 Minneapolis: doubling in bikes on buses from 2007 to 2008 SF Bay Area: Bike access trips to BART stations rose from 2.5% in 1998 to 3.5% in 2008 (10,920 trips per day) More research needed on impacts of biketransit integration

Conclusions Vast improvement in bike transit integration in North America since 2000 Future growth in cycling will require even further investments in the coming years Bike and ride is much cheaper than park and ride and more environmentally friendly

John Pucher Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ Email: pucher@rutgers.edu Webpage: http://www.policy.rutgers.edu/faculty/pucher.html Ralph Buehler Virginia Tech, Alexandria, VA Email: ralphbu@vt.edu Webpage: http://www.nvc.vt.edu/uap/people/rbuehler.html For more Details: Pucher, J. and R. Buehler. Bike-Transit Integration in North America," Journal of Public Transportation, Vol. 12, No. 3, 2009, pp. 79-104. On line at: http://www.nctr.usf.edu/jpt/pdf/jpt12-3pucher.pdf THANK YOU