CARP CULTURE USING ARTIFICAL FEED IN POND CONDITION

CARP CULTURE USING ARTIFICAL FEED IN POND CONDITION Radóczi, J. 1, Radóczi J. 1, Hegyi Á. 2, Bokor, Z. 2, Balogh A. 3, Katics M. 3, Urbányi B. 2 1 Szabolcsi Fishing Ltd., Nyíregyháza-HU 2 Szent István University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Aquaculture, Gödöllő-HU 3 Czikkhalas Halastavai Ltd. Varsád-HU 3rd International Carp Conference 3 rd -4 th. September 215. MEVPIS Vodnany Czech Republic

Szabolcsi Fishing Ltd. - About the company Established in 1986 Total revenues in 214: 1.4. 4 employees 5-7 tons/year Excavated ponds with round dams, reservoirs Activities: Fishing, fish breeding - inland freshwater ponds Fish hatching - Own carp varieties (Szabolcsi Long (scaled), Szabolcsi Mirror), catfish, pike, pikeperch, tench, perch, silver carp, bighead carp Fish processing (HACCP, 2 tons/shift, 24 tons storage capacity of frozen and fresh fish) Angling services (anglers association established in 1998, 45 members) ISO 91:29 NAT Hungary (TÜV) since 23 Fodder production fodder store-house (capacity: 15 t)

Objectives: Comparison of the technology of excavated ponds (Szabolcsi Fishing Ltd.) and embankment ponds (Czikkhalas Halastavai Ltd.) Investigation of modern artificial feeds/feed mixtures in pond condition Optimalization of storage and handling costs of feeding Utilization of logistical potentials of feed mixtures Automatization of feeding Predictability of feeding costs in the medium term Development and utilisation of species-specific premixes Optimalization of growing season

Disadvantages of Traditional Pond Feeding Technology Quality problems of feeds (forage), price fluctuation High costs of storage and handling of feeds (forage) Quantity and quality of natural feed depends on the weather High costs of procurement and handling of manure High feeding coefficient: 1 kg fish meat 5 kg forage Size effectiveness and yield per unit area is not sufficient

Methods of data collection I. - Szabolcsi Fishing Ltd Sites of Fish Breeding: - 2 ha pond: 2-year-old market size fish - 2 ha pond : juvenile 1-year-old -,6 ha pond : juvenile 1-year-old -,6 ha pond : juvenile 1-year-old - 18 ha pond : 1-year-old, and 2-year-old market size Growing Season: - juvenile 1-year-old average 9 days - 2-year-old market size 113 days - 1-year-old, and 2-year-old market size 95 days in mixed stocking Traditional fish growing with forage: 17-19 days

Methods of data collection II. Czikkhalas Halastavai Ltd. Sites of Fish Growing: - 9 ha pond : 1-year-old - 2-year-old - 8 ha pond : 1-year-old - 2-year-old - 5 ha pond : 1-year-old - 2-year-old Growing Season: - juvenile 1-year-old average 95 Days - 1-year-old - 2-year-old 1 days Stocking of 1-year-old and 2-year-old is made with 15-3 % silver carp and 4-6 % grass carp. Traditional fish growing with forage: 17-19 days

Methods of data collection III. Investigations: Investigations of water, phisical, chemical, biological weekly Test fishing every 2 weeks with fishing sweeps Measurement of dissolved oxygen and water temperature daily Checking feed consumption daily Investigation of fish health two times Investigation of fish meat in the end of the growing season

Average weight (gramm) Results in excavated ponds Szabolcsi Fishing Ltd. 275 25 225 2 175 15 125 1 75 5 25 5-May Growth of market-sized carp in year 212 (~115 days) and 213(~95 days) Data of test fishing 212 in Császárszállás (pond #5-2 ha) 213 in Nagyhalász (pond #1-18 ha) 212. Stocking: 125 pcs (2 g/ specimen)/ha FC kg/kg: 1,7 (calculated with carp only) Waste: 35 %!!! Other species: 13 q Crucian carp at harvesting!!! Total FC kg/kg (calculated with every species) : 1,2

Average weight (gramm) Results in excavated ponds Szabolcsi Fishing Ltd. Results in I. pond in Nagyhalász (18 ha) in 213(~95 days) 275 25 225 2 175 15 125 1-year-old - Market size 1 75 2-year-old - 3-year-old 5 25 13.V 27.V 1.VI 24.VI 8.VII 22.VII 5.VIII 19.VIII 2.IX Data of test fishing Stocking: 555 pcs/ha 135g/ specimen)1-year-old,and 555 pcs/ha (41g/specimen)2-year-old FC kg/kg: 1,66 1-year-old and 1,8 2-year-old (calculated with carp yield only) Waste: 37% 1-year-old, 24 % 2-year-old!!! Other species: carp (hatchling), catfish (1 kg/specimen), pike (,45 kg/specimen) Total FC kg/kg (calculated with every species) : 1,6 és 1,75

Average weight (gramm) 14 12 1 Results in excavated ponds Szabolcsi Fishing Ltd. Juvenile - 1-year-old in 212 (~95 days) and 213 (~85 days) 212 pond in Nagyhalász #1 (,6 ha) 212 pond in Nagyhalász #2 (,6 ha) 212 pond in Császársz. # 4 (2 ha) 8 6 213. Nh 1. sz. nursery (,6 ha) 213. Nh 2. sz. nursery (,6 ha) 213. Cssz. 4. sz. nursery (2 ha) 4 2 18.VI 2.VII 16.VII 3.VII 13.VIII 27.VIII 1.IX Próbahalászatok időpontja

Average weight (gramm) 9 Results in excavated ponds Szabolcsi Fishing Ltd. Results of juvenile - 1-year-old in 213 (~85 days) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 213 pond in Nagyhalász #1 (,6 ha) 213 pond in Nagyhalász #2 (,6 ha) 213 pond in Császársz. # 4 (2 ha) 18.VI 2.VII 16.VII 3.VII 13.VIII 27.VIII 1.IX Data of test fishing 212. 213. Stocking: 415 pcs/ha in Nagyhalász, 55 pcs/ha in Császárszállás FC kg/kg: 1,4-1,6 in Nagyhalász, 1,4 in Császárszállás Waste: average 46 %!!! Other species: Ø Stocking: 415 pcs/ha in Nagyhalász, 55 pcs/ha in Császárszállás FC kg/kg: 1,35-1,45 in Nagyhalász, 1,4 Császárszállás Waste: 11-22 % Nagyhalász; 38 % Császárszállás!!! Other species : Ø

Kg/pcs Feeding Coefficient (kg/kg) Results in Embankment Ponds Czikkhalas Halastavai Ltd. 212.,7,6,5,4,3,2,1 Results of juvenile-1-year old,4 Average weight,65 (growth),51 6 5,65 5 Average weight,4 Average weight Average weight Stocking Harvest Stocking Harvest Control (forage) Mixed feed 4 3 2 1 Results of juvenile - 1-year-old (FC) Feeding Coefficient (kg/kg) Control (forage) 1,62 Feeding Coefficient (kg/kg) Mixed feed

Kg/pc Feeding Coefficient (kg/kg) Results in Embankment Ponds Czikkhalas Halastavai Ltd. 213. 1,4 1,2 1,8,6,4,2 Results of 1-year-old - 2-yearold Results of 1-year-old - 2-year- (growth) 6 5,51 old (FC),12 Average weight 1,8 Average weight,12 Average weight 1,14 Average weight,14 Average weight 1,23 Average weight Stocking Harvest Stocking Harvest Stocking Harvest Control (forage) Mixed feed I. Mixed feed II. 5 4 3 2 1 Feeding Coefficient (kg/kg) 2,7 Feeding Coefficient (kg/kg) 1,89 Feeding Coefficient (kg/kg) Control (forage) Mixed feed I. Mixed feed II.

Results of Meat Investigation (after harvest- carried out by SZIE-OÉTI): 16 b 4,5 b Zsír mennyiség (g/1 g halhús) 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 a 9,7 ab 11,5 13,3 Telített zsírsav (g/1 g halhús) 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1,5 a 2,7 a 2,21 3,64 I nyaras kihelyezés II nyaras kihelyezés Kontroll I nyaras kihelyezés II nyaras kihelyezés Kontroll Egyszeresen telítetlen zsírsav (g/1g halhús) Fat content of carp meat samples 1 b 9 8 a 7 6 a 7,85 5 4 5,66 3 4,85 2 1 I nyaras kihelyezés II nyaras kihelyezés Kontroll Quantity of monounsaturated fatty acids in the carp meat samples Quantity of saturated fatty acids in the carp meat samples Többszörösen telítetlen zsírsav (g/1g halhús) 4 a 3,5 a 3 2,5 2,94 2 2,51 b 1,5 1 1,56,5 I nyaras kihelyezés II nyaras kihelyezés Kontroll Quantity of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the carp meat samples

Mixed feed Forage Mixed feed Forage 1-year-old -2-year-old 2-year-old market size Basic data for Production Stocking (pcs/ha) 4 5 12 1 Average stocking (kg/pcs),4,4,4,4 Waste (%) 3 3 1 18 Harvested (pcs/ha) 28 35 18 82 Cost analysation: (Based on the result of the research SZF Ltd.) Harvested average (kg/pcs) 1,4,5 2,3 2 Total production (kg/ha) 392 175 2484 164 Total yield (kg/ha) 376 155 24 124 Basic data for feeding Artificial feed unit price (EUR/kg),81,12,71,12 Artificial feed quantity (EUR/ha) 475 8 2 55 Feeding Coefficient (kg/ kg) 1,55 4,2 1,35 3,6 Manure price (EUR/ha)? Manure quantity (kg/ha) 6 Growing season 11 18 9 17 Personnel costs Salary (Ft/Kg ) - Unit 1 1 1 1 Duration of feed application (hour),5 1,5 1 Duration of manure application (hour) 1 Handling/application costs Feed delivery cost (Ft/kg ) Unit 1,25 1,25 Total cost Cost of stocked fish(ft/kg ) Unit 1 1 1 1 Total costs (Unit) 2,98 1 1,24 1 Turnover Turnover (Unit) 2,24 1 1,51 1 Balance Profit (Unit) 1,44 1 2,52 1

Conclusions I. - With adequate stocking (+ 25% according to the stocking fed with forage)no differences between forage and mixed feed as regards costs. - It can be applied in several stocking structures. - Stocking silver carp is reasonable in embankment ponds to utilise natural feed better. - Good health and robust appetite typifies fish fed with mixed artificial feed. - Market-sized fish fed with mixed feed is in better condition after wintering, their meat quality is excellent, no fattening can be observed. - Growing season is reduced, it is easier to get market-sized fish in the summer or to accomplish 2-year-old growing.

- Application of manure is not needed. - Significantly better water quality and oxygen-levels can be maintained. - Uniform fishes, small deviation. Conclusions II. - Steady stock(lower deviation as regards average weight). - Better yield per unit area, better utilization. - Artificial mixed feeds are available through the whole year, no storage and handling costs. - Quality and content of artificial mixed feeds is warrantied and standardized. - It can be used for compensating weight or making a steady stock; before and after this feeding wih forage is needed.

Thank you for your attention! Implemented within the framework of the project GOP-1.1.1-11-212-57: Complex Renewal of Carp Feeding in Pond Condition with the Application of Artificial Feed Mixtures