U N I V E R S I T Y O F B E R G E N Faculty of Psychology NORWEGIAN GAMBLING POLICY Stockholm, April 9, 2018 Ståle Pallesen Professor, PhD
PHASES OF NORWEGIAN GAMBLING POLITICS
THREE PHASES OF NORWEGIAN GAMBLING POLITICS Introduction; normal development Liberalization Restriction / regulation 1913 1980 1997 2019
PHASE ONE; INTRODUCTION; NORMAL DEVELOPMENT 1913: Legal gambling was reintroduced as a national lottery 1913 1980
PHASE ONE; INTRODUCTION; NORMAL DEVELOPMENT 1927: Horse race betting was introduced 1913 1980
PHASE ONE; INTRODUCTION; NORMAL DEVELOPMENT 1930s: Humanitarian organizations as the Red Cross were allowed to gambling machines (later slot machines and EMGs) 1913 1980
PHASE ONE; INTRODUCTION; NORMAL DEVELOPMENT 1948: Norsk Tipping was established by the government to provide revenue for sports organizations and research 1913 1980
PHASE ONE; INTRODUCTION; NORMAL DEVELOPMENT 1960: Bingo halls were introduced 1913 1980
PHASE TWO; GAMBLING LIBERALIZATION 1982: Horse bets could be placed outside horse race track 1980 1997
PHASE TWO; GAMBLING LIBERALIZATION 1980s: Lotto and scratch card lotteries were introduced. Upper limits on winnings were removed 1980 1997
PHASE TWO; GAMBLING LIBERALIZATION 1995: All organizations of public utility could run EMGs and gain revenues (often run by private companies on behalf of local sport clubs and others. Placed in supermarkets, gas stations, kiosks, bars and frequently used areas). EMGs were aggressive with banknote acceptors, high speed, light and sound reinforcement and high winnings. 1980 1997
PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 1997: No further increase in EMGs was allowed (Norway had 5.75 EMGs per 1000 inhabitants, 3 rd highest in the world). 1997 2019
PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2000: Norsk Tipping and Rikstoto got temporary permission to offer existing games over internet 1997 2019
PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2001: The Norwegian Gaming Authority was established (supervise and control private and state operated gambling) 1997 2019
PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2003: The Norwegian Parliament gave Norsk Tipping exclusive rights to offer games on slot machines 1997 2019
PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2004: Oslo District Court rules that the monopoly of Norsk Tipping violates the EEA-agreement. The government appeals the verdict. 1997 2019
PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2005: Norsk Tipping and Norsk Rikstoto got permanent permission to offer existing games over the internet. Norsk Tipping introduces player card with secure ID. The first governmental action plan against gambling problems (2005-2008) was introduced. 1997 2019
PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2006: Ban on banknote acceptors on EMGs 1997 2019
PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2007: EMGs not allowed during nighttime. Later EFTA-court and the Norwegian Supreme Court rule in favor of the Norwegian gouverment in the slot machine case - old EMGs are thus banned. Permission given to the bottle recycling lottery 1997 2019
PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2008-2009: Norsk Tipping starts placing the Multix slot machines 1997 2019
PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2009: Regulation about distribution of surplus from Norsk Tipping to community and humanitarian organizations. Norsk Tipping introduces mandatory registered play for all games (except Flax) as well as 18-year limit for all games. The second governmental action plan (2009-2011) against gambling problems is published. 1997 2019
PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2010: Regulation against money transfer for games that not have Norwegian permission. 1997 2019
PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2013: The third governmental action plan against gambling is introduced. 1997 2019
PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2014: Norsk Tipping introduces casino games on internet. New rules for gambling marketing. Norwegian Championship tournament in poker and poker with friends become legal 1997 2019
PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2016: Norsk Tipping introduces universal loss limits for all games (20 000 NOK per month). The fourth governmental action plan against gambling problems is introduced 1997 2019
PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2017: Parliament report on gambling policy published. Recommend to prolong the monopoly-model. Later the Parliament voted for the monopoly-model 1997 2019
PHASE THREE; RESTRICTION / REGULATION 2018: Parliament discusses IP-blocking of foreign gambling operators Risktoto asked to introduce registered play (except for some onsite races) and loss limits 1997 2019
OVERALL AIM NORWEGIAN GAMBLING POLICIY Ensure that lotteries and gambling are offered within safe and responsible limits in order to counteract unwanted gambling behavior Organize lottery and money games in such a way that they can function as a good income source for community and humanitarian work, sport clubs/activities and culture.
LAWS
LAWS Lottery law Gambling law Horse racing law
LAW OF LOTTERY Regulations: Detailed regulations for specific types of games Regulate: Private lottery marked Games: Lottery based on scratch cards/paper, lottery offered on internet, bingo, data bingo, gambling machines on Norwegian ships, poker tournament, small scale lotteries, bazar Permission given by: Norwegian Gaming Authority Regulating authority: Norwegian Gaming Authority Responsible ministry: Ministry of Culture
LAW OF MONEY GAMES Regulations: Mainly related to distribution of surplus from Norsk Tipping as well as prohibition against conveying payment related to money games that do not have Norwegian permission Guidelines: Related to gambling advertising and distribution of games over internet Rules: Among others on loss limits and self-exclusion Regulates: Norsk Tipping Game types: Sports betting, number games, casino games on internet, (Multix and Belago), scratch cards (Flax) Permission given by: Ministry of Culture and the Norwegian Gaming Authority Regulating authority: Norwegian Gaming Authority (controls Norsk Tipping and development of regulations generally) Responsible ministry: Ministry of Culture
LAW OF HORSE RACING Regulations: Prohibition against conveying payment related to money games that do not have Norwegian permission Guidelines: Related to gambling advertising and distribution of games over internet Regulates: Norsk Rikstoto Gambling types: Horse racing Permission given by: Ministry of Agriculture and Food Regulating authority: Norwegian Gaming Authority Responsible ministry: Ministry of Agriculture and Food
NORWEGIAN GAMBLING MARKED
GROSS GAMBLING EXPENDITURE IN 1000 NOK
GAMBLING PROBLEMS
Percentage Faculty of Psychology / Department of Psychosocial Science 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Low risk Moderate risk Problem gambler 7,7 2,3 0,9 Pallesen et al., 2015
Percentage Faculty of Psychology / Department of Psychosocial Science 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Low risk Moderate risk Problem gambler 7,8 7,7 2,4 2,3 0,6 Pallesen et al., 2013 0,9 Pallesen et al., 2015 χ 2 = 3.1, df = 3, p >.05
Percentage Faculty of Psychology / Department of Psychosocial Science 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Low risk Moderate risk Problem gambler 8,6 7,8 7,7 2,3 2,4 2,3 2,1 Pran & Ukkelberg, 2010 0,6 Pallesen et al., 2013 0,9 Pallesen et al., 2015
Percentage Faculty of Psychology / Department of Psychosocial Science 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Low risk Moderate risk Problem gambler 11 8,6 7,8 7,7 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,1 2,3 1,3 Kavli & Torvik, 2008 Pran & Ukkelberg, 2010 0,6 Pallesen et al., 2013 0,9 Pallesen et al., 2015
Percentage Faculty of Psychology / Department of Psychosocial Science 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Low risk Moderate risk Problem gambler 10,6 2,6 1,7 Kavli, 2007 11 8,6 7,8 7,7 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,1 2,3 1,3 Kavli & Torvik, 2008 Pran & Ukkelberg, 2010 0,6 Pallesen et al., 2013 0,9 Pallesen et al., 2015
Percentage Faculty of Psychology / Department of Psychosocial Science 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 11,4 3,6 1,9 Kavli & Berntsen, 2002 Low risk Moderate risk Problem gambler 10,6 2,6 1,7 Kavli, 2007 11 8,6 7,8 7,7 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,1 2,3 1,3 Kavli & Torvik, 2008 Pran & Ukkelberg, 2010 0,6 Pallesen et al., 2013 0,9 Pallesen et al., 2015 Unknown 22% 23% 14% 44% 41%
NATIONAL HELP LINE DATA Faculty of Psychology / Department of Psychosocial Science Consultations about gambling 2005-2017 2500 2077 2000 1701 1500 1000 912 500 657 664 682 746 735 657 514 544 568 762 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Faculty of Psychology/Department of Psychosocial Science