Going and Coming: Survival and Timing of PIT-Tagged Juvenile and Adult Salmonids in the Columbia River Estuary Matthew Morris 1, Dick Ledgerwood 2, Robert Magie 1, Paul Bentley 2, and Benjamin Sandford 2 1 Ocean Associates, Inc. Point Adams Biological Field Station, Hammond, OR 2 NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA
Background 1995: Estuarine detection of PIT-tagged juvenile salmonids begins Purpose: Document timing of transported juvenile salmonids just prior to ocean entry 1998: Sampling expanded Purpose: Include timing of inriver migrants and complete hydrosystem reach survival estimates to Bonneville Dam 211: Estuarine PIT detection of returning adult salmonids begins Purpose: Document timing and estimate survival upstream to Bonneville Dam
Outline Highlight 15 years of juvenile detection data (trawl) Highlight 4 years of adult detection data (pile dike)
Detecting Outmigrating Juvenile Salmonids with a Trawl 9 m Trawl (~RKM 75) Bonneville Dam (RKM 234) 122 m Barge Release (~RKM 225) Matrix Antenna 3 m 2.6 m
Survival of Juvenile Yearling Chinook and Steelhead, McNary to Bonneville Dam 1 8 6 Yearling Chinook 4 2 Source Survival (%) 1 8 Steelhead Snake River Upper- Columbia River 6 4 2 2 22 24 26 28 21 212 214
Diel Behavior of Juvenile Yearling Chinook and Steelhead, 23-214 Detections (n h-1) 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 Yearling Chinook Steelhead n = 111,475 n = 66,256 Sample mean: 13 h/d 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 2 22 Detection Hour
Travel Time (d) of Juvenile Yearling Chinook and Steelhead Detection at Lower Granite Dam (rkm 695) Detection at Bonneville Dam (rkm 234) Release from transportation barge (rkm 225) Yearling Chinook Yearling Chinook Yearling Chinook salmon Steelhead salmon Steelhead salmon Steelhead Flow 2 17.4 17.1 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.6 7,415 21 32.9 3.1 2.3 2.5 2.9 2.3 3,877 22 18.2 17.8 1.8 1.7 2 1.6 8,71 23 17. 16.5 1.8 1.7 2.1 1.7 7,12 24 16.6 16.6 1.9 2 2.2 1.9 6,663 25 17.3 16.9 1.8 2 2.2 1.9 5,776 26 14.7 12.5 1.7 1.6 2.1 1.6 9,435 27 15.7 15.6 1.7 1.7 2.2 1.7 6,858 28 18.3 14.4 1.7 1.6 2.1 1.6 8,714 29 18.7 15.4 1.7 1.7 2.1 1.6 7,871 21 16.1 14.8 2. 1.9 2.2 2. 6,829 211a 17.8 15.5 1.8 1.6 2.1 1.6 7,911 211b 13.2 1. 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.5 13,462 212 15.4 11.2 1.6 1.5 2. 1.5 1,56 213 14.1 11.6 1.6 1.6 2.2 1.6 7,47 214 16.4 12.3 1.6 1.6 2.1 1.5 8,281 *Mean 16.5 14.5 1.7 1.7 2.1 1.6 7,671 *Excludes 21
Detection Rates by Migration History Yearling Chinook Steelhead 2 inriver barged 21 inriver inriver 22 ND variable 23 variable variable 24 variable barged 25 ND ND 26 inriver ND 27 ND inriver 28 variable inriver 29 inriver ND 21 inriver inriver 211 inriver ND 212 inriver barged 213 inriver variable 214 ND barged Inriver 8 4 Barged 4 Variable 3 3 No Difference 4 4 Detection Rate (%) Detection Rate (%) 4 3 2 1 Yearling Chinook Salmon, 214 n = 1,546 5 1, 8 6 4 2 Steelhead, 214 n = 2,266 26 Apr 6 May 16 May 26 May 5 Jun 8, 6, 4, 2, Barge Release In-river Release Barge % In-river % Barged Regr In-river Regr 6, 4,5 3, 1,5 Total Released (n) Total Released (n)
Juvenile Salmonid Highlights Trawl detections of yearling Chinook peaked at dawn and dusk, steelhead late morning Travel time Steelhead travelled faster than yearling Chinook from Lower Granite Dam, same speed from Bonneville Dam Inriver-migrating yearling Chinook travelled faster than barged, no difference for steelhead Detection rates of yearling Chinook were always higher for inriver migrants if a difference was present, no apparent trend for steelhead
Detecting Returning Adult Salmonids Using Antennas Mounted on a Pile Dike 9 m Pile Dike Array (RKM 7) Bonneville Dam (RKM 234) 122 m Matrix Antenna
Survival of Adult Salmonids, PD7 to Bonneville Dam (RKM 7-234) 1 212 213 214 215 8 Survival (%, +/- SE) 6 4 2 Fall Migration 3 22 28 25 68 16 22 241149 1 2 12 17 54 36 19 12 15 25 Spring Chin Summer Chin Fall Chin Coho Steelhead Sockeye As of 7/27/215 Fall Migration
Travel Time of Chinook Salmon, PD7 to Bonneville Dam (RKM 7 to 234) 3 212 213 214 215 Run 25 Spring Summer Fall 212-215 means: Travel Time (days) 2 15 1 5 Spring 8.6 d Summer 3.8 d Fall 3.7 d 17-Mar 6-May 25-Jun 14-Aug 3-Oct Detection Date at PD7 As of 7/27/215
Travel Time of Steelhead and Sockeye Salmon, PD7 to Bonneville Dam (RKM 7 to 234) Travel Time (days) 3 25 2 15 1 5 3 25 2 15 1 5 Steelhead 212 213 214 215 12-Mar 1-May 2-Jun 9-Aug 28-Sep Sockeye 1-Jun 15-Jun 2-Jun 25-Jun 3-Jun 5-Jul 1-Jul Detection Date at PD7 212-215 mean: 5.5 d 213-215 mean: 3.9 d As of 7/27/215
Adult Salmonid Highlights Survival from PD7 to Bonneville Dam was lower in 215 for Spring Chinook and Sockeye Travel time Earlier migrating Spring Chinook took longer to get to Bonneville Dam than later migrants Spring Chinook travelled significantly slower than summer and fall Chinook Steelhead travelled significantly slower than every species/run except Spring Chinook Sockeye travelled slower in 215 than in the previous two years Migration period for Sockeye was only ~3 weeks
Acknowledgements BPA Barbara Shields, John Piccininni, and Scott Bettin. USACE Brad Eppard. NOAA Bruce Jonasson, Gabriel Brooks, Sandy Downing, Kurt Fresh, Richie Graves, Gary Fredricks, Kinsey Frick, Rich Zabel, and Blane Bellerud. PSMFC Randy Fisher, Russell Porter, and Rick Martinson. OAI Lindsey Webb, Alex Borsky, Kaya Johnson, Terry Roe, Brian Kelly, Day e Hix, Joe Aga, Juleen Savarese, Mike Laurs, Peter Milone, and all of our seasonal boat operators, deckhands, and biologists.