U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. Wyoming. Bait

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming Bait

FHW/11-WY (RV) Revised January 2014 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Bait Wyoming U.S. Department of the Interior Sally Jewell, Secretary U.S. Department of Commerce Penny Pritzker, Secretary U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Dan Ashe, Director Economics and Statistics Administration Mark Doms, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs U.S. CEUS BUREAU John H. Thompson, Director

Economics and Statistics Administration Mark Doms, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs U.S. Department of the Interior Sally Jewell, Secretary U.S. CEUS BUREAU John H. Thompson, Director U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Dan Ashe, Director Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Hannibal Bolton, Assistant Director The U.S. Department of the Interior protects and manages the Nation s natural resources and cultural heritage; provides scientific and other information about those resources; and honors its trust responsibilities or special commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affiliated Island Communities. The mission of the Department s U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working with others to conserve, protect, and enhance fish, wildlife, and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. The Service is responsible for national programs of vital importance to our natural resources, including administration of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Programs. These two programs provide financial assistance to the States for projects to enhance and protect fish and wildlife resources and to assure their availability to the public for recreational purposes. Multistate grants from these programs fund the National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. Suggested Citation U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau. 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.

Contents List of Tables... iv Foreword... vi Survey Background and Method... vii Highlights Introduction... 2 Summary... 4 Wildlife-Related Recreation... 5 Sportspersons... 6 Anglers... 7 Hunters... 9 Wildlife Watchers... 11 2001 2011 Comparison... 13 Tables Guide to Statistical Tables... 16 Fishing and Hunting Tables... 17 Wildlife-Watching Tables... 33 National Tables... 42 Appendixes A. Definitions... 47 B. 2010 Participation of 6- to 15-Year-Olds: Data From Screening Interviews... 51 C. Significant Methodological Changes From Previous Surveys and Regional Trends... 57 D. Sample Design and Statistical Accuracy... 67 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming iii

List of Tables Fishing and Hunting 1. Fishing and Hunting in Wyoming by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2011... 17 2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Wyoming by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011... 17 3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2011... 18 4. Wyoming Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2011... 18 5. Wyoming Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011... 18 6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2011... 19 7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Wyoming by Type of Fish: 2011... 19 8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Wyoming: 2011... 20 9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Wyoming by Type of Fish: 2011... 20 10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Wyoming: 2011... 21 11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Wyoming by Type of Fish: 2011... 21 12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Wyoming by Type of Hunting: 2011... 22 13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Wyoming by Type of Game: 2011... 22 14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Wyoming by Type of Land: 2011... 23 15. Selected Characteristics of Wyoming Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2011... 24 16. Summary of Expenditures in Wyoming by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing and Hunting: 2011... 25 17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Wyoming by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2011... 26 18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Wyoming by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2011... 27 19. Expenditures in Wyoming by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2011... 28 20. Expenditures in Wyoming by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2011... 29 21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Wyoming for Fishing and Hunting by Wyoming Residents and Nonresidents: 2011... 30 22. Summary of Wyoming Residents Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Wyoming: 2011... 31 23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Wyoming Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2011... 32 Wildlife Watching 24. Wildlife Watching in Wyoming by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2011... 33 25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in Wyoming: 2011... 33 26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or Fed in Wyoming: 2011... 34 27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Wyoming: 2011... 34 28. Wyoming Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2011... 35 29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Wyoming by State Residents and Nonresidents: 2011... 35 iv 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

30. Selected Characteristics of Wyoming Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2011... 36 31. Expenditures in Wyoming by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife Watching: 2011... 37 32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Wyoming for Wildlife Watching by Wyoming Residents and Nonresidents: 2011... 38 33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Wyoming by Wyoming Residents: 2011... 39 34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Wyoming Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2011... 40 35. Participation of Wyoming Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2011... 40 36. Participation of Wyoming Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2011... 41 National Tables 37. Participation in Wildlife-Related Recreation by State Residents Both Inside and Outside Their Resident State: 2011. 42 38. Anglers and Hunters by Sportsperson s State of Residence: 2011..... 43 39. Participation in Wildlife-Related Recreation in Each State by Both Residents and Nonresidents of the State: 2011... 44 40. Anglers and Hunters by State Where Fishing or Hunting Took Place: 2011... 45 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming v

Foreword When I was growing up, it was taken as a matter of faith that kids belonged outside. I grew up with 4 brothers, and during those long, hot Atlanta summers, it was common for our mom to holler, You boys get outside, and don t come back til it s dark. It never occurred to me or my brothers to do anything else in our spare time but explore the world around us. The truth is, we had little else to do. But those experiences waking up on frosty mornings and starting the campfire, scanning trees for a shot at a scampering gray squirrel in the dawn light, scouring creek beds for crawdads and other fishing bait, or simply of the fun we had tramping through the forest shaped who I am, and drew me to a career in conservation. That s why I m excited by this 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. This report, the 12th in a series that began in 1955, documents a significant resurgence in the number of people embracing America s Great Outdoors. Hunting participation has increased by 9 percent, while angling participation grew by 11 percent. Nearly 38 percent of Americans participated in wildliferelated recreation, an increase of 2.6 million participants from the 2006 Survey. In addition, wildlife-related recreation is a major driver of the nation s economy. The 2011 Survey estimates that Americans spent $145 billion on related gear, trips, licenses, land acquisition or leases, and other purchases, representing about one percent of the nation s gross domestic product. This spending creates thousands of jobs, supports countless local communities and provides vital funding for conservation. This year marks the 75th anniversary of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Program, a cornerstone of wildlife conservation in the United States. Through excise taxes on firearms, ammunition, archery and angling equipment, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has distributed over $14 billion for State and territorial wildlife conservation programs. This report would not have been possible without the combined efforts of state wildlife agencies which provided financial support through the Multi-State Conservation Grant Programs the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies and a number of major national conservation organizations. We also owe our gratitude to the thousands of survey respondents from households across America. Because of you, this Survey is the nation s definitive wildlife-related recreation database and information source concerning participation and purchases associated with hunting, fishing and other forms of wildlife-associated recreation nationwide. The Fish and Wildlife Service is dedicated to connecting people and families with nature. We are proud to celebrate the good news in this report, and we look forward to continuing progress as we work with the States, and all our partners and the public to help keep recreational fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching growing and going strong. Dan Ashe Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service vi 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Survey Background and Method The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation (Survey) has been conducted since 1955 and is one of the oldest and most comprehensive continuing recreation surveys. The Survey collects information on the number of anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers, how often they participate, and how much they spend on their activities in the United States. Preparations for the 2011 Survey began in 2008 when the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (AFWA) asked the Fish and Wildlife Service to coordinate the twelfth National Survey of wildlife-related recreation. Funding came from the Multistate Conservation Grant Programs, authorized by Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Acts, as amended. Four regional technical committees were set up under the auspices of AFWA to ensure that State fish and wildlife agencies had an opportunity to participate in all phases of survey planning and design. The committees were made up of agency representatives. We consulted with State and Federal agencies and nongovernmental organizations such as the American Sportfishing Association and National Shooting Sports Foundation to determine survey content. Other sportspersons organizations and conservation groups, industry representatives, and researchers also provided valuable advice. Data collection for the Survey was carried out in two phases by the U.S. Census Bureau. The first phase was the screen which began in April 2011. During the screening phase, the Census Bureau interviewed a sample of 48,600 households nationwide, to determine who in the household had fished, hunted, or wildlife watched in 2010, and who had engaged or planned to engage in those activities in 2011. In most cases, one adult household member provided information for all members. The screen primarily covered 2010 activities while the next, more in-depth phase covered 2011 activities. For more information on the 2010 data, refer to Appendix B. The second phase of data collection consisted of three detailed interview waves. The first wave began in April 2011 concurrent with the screen, the second in September 2011, and the last in January 2012. Interviews were conducted with samples of likely anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers who were identified in the initial screening phase. Interviews were conducted primarily by telephone, with in-person interviews for respondents who could not be reached by phone. Respondents in the second survey phase were limited to those who were at least 16 years old. Each respondent provided information pertaining only to his or her activities and expenditures. Sample sizes were designed to provide statistically reliable results at the state level. Altogether, interviews were completed for 11,330 anglers and hunters and 9,329 wildlife watchers. More detailed information on sampling procedures and response rates is found in Appendix D. Comparability With Previous Surveys The 2011 Survey s questions and methodology were similar to those used in the 2006, 2001, 1996, and 1991 Surveys. Therefore, the estimates are comparable. The methodology for these Surveys differs significantly from the 1955 to 1985 Surveys, so these estimates are not directly comparable to those of earlier surveys. Changes in methodology included reducing the recall period over which respondents had to report their activities and expenditures. Previous Surveys used a 12-month recall period which resulted in greater reporting bias. Research found that the amount of activity and expenditures reported in 12-month recall surveys was overestimated in comparison with that reported using shorter recall periods. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming vii

Highlights

Introduction The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation reports results from interviews with U.S. residents about their fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching. This report focuses on 2011 participation and expenditures of persons 16 years of age and older. The Survey is a snapshot of one year. The information it collected tells us how many people participated and how much they spent on their activities in the State in 2011. It does not tell us how many anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers there were because many do not participate every year. For example, based on information collected in the Survey s household screen phase, we can estimate that about 51 percent more anglers and 44 percent more hunters participated nationally in at least 1 of the 5 years prior to the screen survey year 2010. In addition to 2011 estimates, we also provide trend information in the Highlights section and Appendix C of the report. The 2011 numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Survey reports because they used similar methodologies. The 2011 estimates should not be directly compared with results from Surveys conducted prior to 1991 because of changes in methodology to improve accuracy. The report also provides information on participation in wildlife recreation in 2010, particularly of persons 6 to 15 years of age. The 2010 information is provided in Appendix B. Information about the Survey s scope and coverage is in Appendix D. The remainder of this section defines important terms used in the Survey. This report does not provide information about the State s wildlife resources. That, and additional information on wildlife-related recreation, may be obtained from State fish and wildlife agencies. The Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies can provide the addresses and telephone numbers of those agencies. The Association s website is www.fishwildlife.org. Additionally, this report does not provide information about the State s number of licensed anglers and hunters. Historical license data can be found at wsfrprograms.fws.gov. Wildlife-Related Recreation Wildlife-related recreation is fishing, hunting, and wildlife-watching activities. These categories are not mutually exclusive because many individuals participated in more than one activity. Wildlife-related recreation is reported in two major categories: (1) fishing and hunting, and (2) wildlife watching, which includes observing, photographing, and feeding fish or wildlife. Anglers Fished only Sportspersons Fished and hunted Hunters Hunted only Fishing and Hunting This Survey reports information about residents of the United States who fished or hunted in 2011, regardless of whether they were licensed. The fishing and hunting sections report information for three groups: (1) sportspersons, (2) anglers, and (3) hunters. Sportspersons Sportspersons are those who fished or hunted. Individuals who fished or hunted commercially in 2011 are reported as sportspersons only if they also fished or hunted for recreation. The sportspersons group is composed of the three subgroups shown in the diagram below: (1) those that fished and hunted, (2) those that only fished, and (3) those that only hunted. The total number of sportspersons is equal to the sum of people who only fished, only hunted, and both hunted and fished. It is not the sum of all anglers and all hunters because those people who both fished and hunted are included in both the angler and hunter population and would be incorrectly counted twice. Anglers Anglers are sportspersons who only fished plus those who fished and hunted. Anglers include not only licensed hook and line anglers, but also those who have no license and those who use special methods such as fishing with spears. Three types of fishing are reported: (1) freshwater, excluding the Great Lakes, (2) Great Lakes, and (3) saltwater. Since many anglers participated in more than one type of fishing, the total number of anglers is less than the sum of the three types of fishing. 2 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Hunters Hunters are sportspersons who only hunted plus those who hunted and fished. Hunters include not only licensed hunters using rifles and shotguns, but also those who have no license and those who engage in hunting with archery equipment, muzzleloaders, other primitive firearms, or pistols or handguns. Four types of hunting are reported: (1) big game, (2) small game, (3) migratory bird, and (4) other animals. Since many hunters participated in more than one type of hunting, the sum of hunters for big game, small game, migratory bird, and other animals exceeds the total number of hunters. Wildlife Watchers Since 1980, the National Survey has included information on wildlifewatching activities in addition to fishing and hunting. However, unlike the 1980 and 1985 Surveys, the National Surveys since 1991 have collected data only for those activities where the primary purpose was wildlife watching (observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife). The 2011 Survey uses a strict definition of wildlife watching. Participants must either take a special interest in wildlife around their homes or take a trip for the primary purpose of wildlife watching. Secondary wildlife watching, such as incidentally observing wildlife while pleasure driving, is not included. Two types of wildlife-watching activity are reported: (1) away-from-home (formerly nonresidential) activities and (2) around-the-home (formerly residential) activities. Because some people participated in more than one type of wildlife watching, the sum of participants in each type will be greater than the total number of wildlife watchers. Only those engaged in activities whose primary purpose was wildlife watching are included in the Survey. The two types of wildlife-watching activity are defined below. Away-From-Home This group includes persons who took trips or outings of at least 1 mile from home for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing fish and wildlife. Trips to fish or hunt or scout and trips to zoos, circuses, aquariums, and museums are not considered wildlife-watching activities. Around-The-Home This group includes those who participated within 1 mile of home and involves one or more of the following: (1) closely observing or trying to identify birds or other wildlife; (2) photographing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural areas of at least 1/4 acre where benefit to wildlife is the primary concern; (5) maintaining plantings (shrubs, agricultural crops, etc.) where benefit to wildlife is the primary concern; or (6) visiting parks and natural areas within 1 mile of home for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing wildlife. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 3

2011 Wyoming Summary Activities in Wyoming by Residents and Nonresidents Activities by Wyoming Residents Both Inside and Outside Wyoming Fishing Fishing Anglers... Days of fishing... Average days per angler... Total expenditures... Trip-related... Equipment and other... Average per angler... Average trip expenditure per day... 303,000 3,123,000 10 $463,814,000 $393,984,000 $69,830,000 $1,530 $126 Anglers... Days of fishing... Average days per angler... Total expenditures... Trip-related... Equipment and other... Average per angler... Average trip expenditure per day... 115,000 2,170,000 19 $132,153,000 $91,845,000 $40,308,000 $1,153 $42 Hunting Hunting Hunters.......................... Days of hunting... Average days per hunter... Total expenditures... Trip-related... Equipment and other... Average per hunter... Average trip expenditure per day... 140,000 1,726,000 12 $288,736,000 $159,115,000 $129,621,000 $1,960 $92 Hunters.......................... Days of hunting... Average days per hunter... Total expenditures... Trip-related... Equipment and other... Average per hunter... Average trip expenditure per day... 76,000 1,171,000 15 $152,617,000 $43,096,000 $109,521,000 $1,998 $37 Wildlife Watching Wildlife Watching Total wildlife-watching participants.. Away-from-home participants... Around-the-home participants... Days of participation away from home. Average days of participation away from home... Total expenditures... Trip-related... Equipment and other... Average per participant... Average trip expenditure per day... 518,000 435,000 161,000 3,125,000 7 $350,256,000 $321,169,000 $29,086,000 $667 $103 Total wildlife-watching participants.. Away-from-home participants... Around-the-home participants... Days of participation away from home.. Average days of participation away from home... Total expenditures... Trip-related... Equipment and other... Average per participant... Average trip expenditure per day... 182,000 104,000 161,000 1,676,000 16 $128,338,000 $51,858,000 $76,480,000 $705 $31 4 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Wildlife-Related Recreation Participation in Wyoming The 2011 Survey found that 775 thousand Wyoming residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older fished, hunted, or wildlife watched in Wyoming. Of the total number of participants, 303 thousand fished, 140 thousand hunted, and 518 thousand participated in wildlife-watching activities, which includes observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife. The sum of anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers exceeds the total number of participants in wildlife-related recreation because many of the individuals engaged in more than one wildliferelated activity. Participation in 2011 by 6- to 15-Year-Old Wyoming Residents The focus of the National Survey is on the activity of participants 16 years old and older. However, the activity of 6- to 15-year-olds can be calculated using the screening data covering the year 2010. It is assumed for estimation purposes that the proportion of 6- to 15-year-old participants to participants 16 years old and older remained the same in 2010 and 2011. Based on this assumption, in addition to the 115 thousand resident anglers 16 years old or older in Wyoming, there were 30 thousand resident anglers 6 to 15 years old. Also, there were 76 thousand Wyomingites 16 years old and older and 9 thousand Wyomingites 6 to 15 years old who hunted. Finally, there were 182 thousand Wyomingites 16 years old and older and 32 thousand Wyomingites 6 to 15 years old who wildlife watched. Information on 2010 data for 6- to 15-year-olds is provided in Appendix B. Expenditures in Wyoming In 2011, state residents and nonresidents spent $1.1 billion on wildlife recreation in Wyoming. Of that total, trip-related expenditures were $874 million and equipment expenditures totaled $181 million. The remaining $82 million was spent on licenses, contributions, land ownership and leasing, and other items. Percent of Total Participants by Activity (Total: 775 thousand participants) 39% Fishing 18% Hunting 67% Wildlife Watching Percent of Total Residential Participants 6 to 15 Years Old by Activity: 2010 (Total: 57 thousand participants) 68% 72% Participants in Wildlife-Related Recreation in Wyoming: 2011 (U.S. residents 16 years old and older) Total... 775 thousand Sportspersons Total... Anglers... Hunters... Wildlife Watchers Total... Away from home... Around the home... 390 thousand 303 thousand 140 thousand 518 thousand 435 thousand 161 thousand Fishing... Hunting Wildlife Watching... Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Wildlife-Related Recreation Expenditures in Wyoming (Total: $1.1 billion) Trip-related 77% Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Tables 1 and 24. Other 7% Equipment 16% U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 5

Sportspersons In 2011, 390 thousand state resident and nonresident sportspersons 16 years old and older fished or hunted in Wyoming. This group was comprised of 303 thousand anglers (78 percent of all sportspersons) and 140 thousand hunters (36 percent of all sportspersons). Among the 390 thousand sportspersons who fished or hunted in the state, 250 thousand (64 percent) fished but did not hunt in Wyoming. Another 88 thousand (22 percent) hunted but did not fish there. The remaining 53 thousand (13 percent) fished and hunted in Wyoming in 2011. Sportspersons Participation in Wyoming (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Sportspersons (fished or hunted)... 390 thousand Anglers... Fished only... Fished and hunted... Hunters........................................... Hunted only... Hunted and fished... Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 1. 303 thousand 250 thousand 53 thousand 140 thousand 88 thousand 53 thousand 6 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Anglers Participants and Days of Fishing In 2011, 303 thousand state residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older fished in Wyoming. Of this total, 110 thousand anglers (36 percent) were state residents and 193 thousand anglers (64 percent) were nonresidents. Anglers fished a total of 3.1 million days in Wyoming an average of 10 days per angler. State residents fished 2.0 million days 64 percent of all fishing days in Wyoming. Nonresidents fished 1.1 million days in Wyoming 36 percent of all fishing days in the state. A large majority of Wyoming residents who fished anywhere in the United States did so in their resident state. There were 115 thousand Wyoming residents 16 years old and older who fished in the United States in 2011 for a total of 2.2 million days. An estimated 96 percent of all Wyoming residents who fished did so in their home state. Of all fishing days by Wyoming residents, 93 percent or 2.0 million were in their home state. For further details about fishing in Wyoming, see Table 3. Anglers in Wyoming (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Anglers... Residents... Nonresidents... 303 thousand 110 thousand 193 thousand Days of fishing... Residents... Nonresidents... 3.1 million 2.0 million 1.1 million Source: Table 3. In State/Out of State (State residents 16 years old and older) Wyoming anglers... In Wyoming... In other states... 115 thousand 110 thousand 28 thousand Days of fishing... In Wyoming... In other states... 2.2 million 2.0 million 161 thousand Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 3. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 7

Fishing Expenditures in Wyoming All fishing-related expenditures in Wyoming totaled $464 million in 2011. Trip-related expenditures, including food and lodging, transportation, and other expenses totaled $394 million 85 percent of all fishing expenditures. Expenditures for food and lodging were $35 million and transportation expenditures were $91 million. Other trip expenses, such as equipment rental, bait, and cooking fuel, totaled $268 million. Each angler spent an average of $1,301 on triprelated costs during 2011. Fishing Expenditures in Wyoming (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total... Trip-related... Equipment... Fishing... Auxiliary and special... Other... Source: Table 19. $464 million $394 million $45 million $31 million $14 million $25 million Anglers spent $45 million on equipment in Wyoming in 2011, 10 percent of all fishing expenditures. Fishing equipment (rods, reels, lines, etc.) spending totaled $31 million 68 percent of the equipment total. Auxiliary equipment expenditures (tents, special fishing clothing, etc.) and special equipment expenditures (boats, vans, etc.) amounted to $14 million 32 percent of the equipment total. Expenditures classified as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for fishing but could be used in activities other than fishing. The purchase of other items, such as magazines, membership dues, licenses, permits, stamps, and land leasing and ownership, amounted to $25 million 5 percent of all fishing expenditures. For more details about fishing expenditures in Wyoming, see Tables 19 and 21 through 23. Fishing Expenditures in Wyoming (Total: $464 million) Trip-related 85% Other 5% Equipment 10% Percent of Anglers by Residence (Total: 303 thousand participants) 36% Residents 64% Nonresidents 8 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Hunters Participants and Days of Hunting In 2011, there were 140 thousand residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older who hunted in Wyoming. Resident hunters numbered 76 thousand, accounting for 54 percent of the hunters in Wyoming. There were 64 thousand nonresidents who hunted in Wyoming 46 percent of the State s hunters. Residents and nonresidents hunted 1.7 million days in 2011, an average of 12 days per hunter. Residents hunted 1.1 million days in Wyoming or 64 percent of all hunting days, while nonresidents spent 623 thousand days in Wyoming or 36 percent of all hunting days. There were 76 thousand Wyoming residents 16 years old and older who hunted in the United States in 2011 for a total of 1.2 million days. An estimated 99 percent of all Wyoming residents who hunted did so in their home state. Of all hunting days by Wyoming residents, 94 percent or 1.1 million were spent pursuing game in their home state. For further information on hunting activities by Wyoming residents, see Table 3. Hunters in Wyoming (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Hunters........................................... Residents... Nonresidents... Days of hunting... Residents... Nonresidents... Source: Table 3. 140 thousand 76 thousand 64 thousand 1.7 million 1.1 million 623 thousand In State/Out of State (State residents 16 years old and older) Wyoming hunters... In Wyoming... In other states... Days of hunting... In Wyoming... In other states... 76 thousand 76 thousand 12 thousand 1.2 million 1.1 million 68 thousand Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 3. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 9

Hunting Expenditures in Wyoming All hunting-related expenditures in Wyoming totaled $289 million in 2011. Trip-related expenses, such as food and lodging, transportation, and other trip expenses, totaled $159 million 55 percent of total expenditures. Expenditures for food and lodging were $40 million and transportation expenditures were $67 million. Other trip expenses, such as equipment rental, totaled $51 million for the year. The average trip-related expenditure per hunter was $1,136. Hunting Expenditures in Wyoming (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total... Trip-related... Equipment... Hunting... Auxiliary and special... Other... Source: Table 20. $289 million $159 million $81 million $49 million $32 million $49 million Hunters spent $81 million on equipment 28 percent of all hunting expenditures. Hunting equipment (guns, ammunition, etc.) totaled $49 million and made up 60 percent of all equipment costs. Hunters spent $32 million on auxiliary equipment (tents, special hunting clothes, etc.) and special equipment (boats, vans, etc.), accounting for 40 percent of total equipment expenditures for hunting. Expenditures classified as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for hunting but could be used in activities other than hunting. The purchase of other items, such as magazines, membership dues, licenses, permits, and land leasing, and ownership, cost hunters $49 million 17 percent of all hunting expenditures. For more details on hunting expenditures in Wyoming, see Tables 20 through 23. Hunting Expenditures in Wyoming (Total: $289 million) Trip-related 55% Other 17% Equipment 28% Percent of Hunters by Residence (Total: 140 thousand participants) 54% Residents Comparative Hunting Expenditures by Type of Hunting All hunting Big game Small game Migratory birds Other animals 46% Nonresidents Trip expenditures per hunter: Trip expenditures per day: $1,136 $1,140 $92 $100..................... Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 10 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Wildlife Watchers Participants and Days of Activity In 2011, 518 thousand U.S. residents 16 years old and older fed, observed, or photographed wildlife in Wyoming. Less than a third, 31 percent (161 thousand), enjoyed their activities close to home and are called around-thehome participants. Those persons who enjoyed wildlife at least one mile from home are called away-from-home participants. People participating in away-from-home activities in Wyoming in 2011 numbered 435 thousand 84 percent of all wildlife watchers in Wyoming. Of the 435 thousand, 100 thousand were state residents and 336 thousand were nonresidents. Wildlife-Watching Participants in Wyoming (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total... Around the home... Away from home... Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 24. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Wyoming (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Participants, total... Observe wildlife... Photograph wildlife... Feed wildlife..................................... Days, total... Observe wildlife... Photograph wildlife... Feed wildlife..................................... Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 25. Around-The-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Wyoming (State residents 16 years old and older) Total... Feed wildlife..................................... Observe wildlife... Photograph wildlife... Maintain natural areas... Maintain plantings... Visit parks and natural areas... 518 thousand 161 thousand 435 thousand 435 thousand 424 thousand 377 thousand 96 thousand 3.1 million 2.8 million 2.5 million... 161 thousand 108 thousand 116 thousand 96 thousand... 24 thousand 44 thousand Wyomingites 16 years old and older who enjoyed away-from-home wildlife watching within their state totaled 100 thousand. Of this group, 89 thousand participants observed wildlife and 65 thousand photographed wildlife. Since some individuals engaged in more than one of the away-from-home activities during the year, the sum of wildlife observers, feeders, and photographers exceeds the total number away-fromhome participants. Wyomingites spent 1.1 million days engaged in away-from-home wildlifewatching activities in their state. They spent 969 thousand days observing and 716 thousand days photographing wildlife. For further details about awayfrom-home activities, see Table 25. Wyoming residents also took an active interest in wildlife around their homes. In 2011, 161 thousand state residents enjoyed observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife within one mile of their homes. Among this around-the-home group, 108 thousand fed, 116 thousand observed, and 96 thousand photographed wildlife around their homes. Another 24 thousand participants maintained plantings for the benefit of wildlife and 44 thousand participants visited parks or natural areas within a mile of home because of the wildlife. Summing the number of participants in these activities results in an estimate that exceeds the total number of around-the-home participants because many people participated in more than one type of around-thehome activity. In addition, 52 percent of Wyomingite around-the-home wildlife watchers also enjoyed wildlife away from home. For further details about Wyoming residents participating in around-the-home wildlife-watching activities, see Table 27. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 27. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 11

Wild Bird Observers Bird watching attracted many wildlife enthusiasts in Wyoming. In 2011, 417 thousand people observed birds around the home and on trips in the state. A minority, 27 percent (112 thousand), observed wild birds around the home while 85 percent (354 thousand) took trips away from home to watch birds. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Wyoming Wildlife watchers spent $350 million on wildlife-watching activities in Wyoming in 2011. Trip-related expenditures, including food and lodging ($157 million), transportation ($155 million), and other trip expenses ($9 million), such as equipment rental, amounted to $321 million. This summation comprised 92 percent of all wildlife-watching expenditures by participants. The average of the triprelated expenditures for away-fromhome participants was $731 per person in 2011. Wildlife-watching participants spent nearly $22 million on equipment 6 percent of all their expenditures. Specifically, wildlife-watching equipment (binoculars, special clothing, etc.) expenditures totaled $21 million, 96 percent of the equipment total. Auxiliary equipment expenditures (tents, backpacking equipment, etc.) and special equipment expenditures (campers, trucks, etc.) amounted to $905 thousand 4 percent of all equipment costs. Expenditures classified as special and auxiliary equipment are on items that were purchased for wildlife-watching recreation but could be used in activities other than wildlife watching. Other items purchased by wildlifewatching participants, such as magazines, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and plantings, totaled $7 million 2 percent of all wildlife-watching expenditures. For more details about wildlifewatching expenditures in Wyoming, see Table 31. Wild Bird Observers in Wyoming (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Participants, total... Around the home... Away from home... Days, total... Around the home... Away from home... Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 29. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Wyoming (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total... Trip-related... Equipment... Wildlife watching... Auxiliary and special... Other... Source: Table 31. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Wyoming (Total: $350 million) Trip-related 92% Other 2% Equipment 6% 417 thousand 112 thousand 354 thousand 17.7 million 15.2 million 2.5 million $350 million $321 million $22 million $21 million $905 thousand $7 million Away-From-Home Activity by Around-The-Home Participants (Total: 161 thousand participants) 48% Around the home only 52% Both around the home and away from home 12 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

2001 2011 Comparison Comparing the estimates from the 2001, 2006, and 2011 Surveys gives a perspective on the state of wildliferelated recreation in the early twentyfirst century in Wyoming. Only the most general recreation comparisons are presented here. The best way to compare estimates from surveys is not to compare the estimates themselves but to compare the confidence intervals around the estimates. A 90-percent confidence interval around the estimate gives the range of estimates that 90 percent of all possible representative samples would supply. If the 90-percent confidence intervals of the two surveys estimates overlap, it is not possible to say the two estimates are statistically different. The state resident estimates cover the participation and expenditure activity of Wyoming residents anywhere in the United States. The in-state estimates cover the participation, day, and expenditure activity if U.S. residents in Wyoming. The expenditure estimates were made comparable by adjusting the estimates for inflation all estimates are in 2011 dollars. Wyoming 2001 and 2011 Comparison (Numbers in thousands. Expenditures in 2011 dollars) 2001 2011 Percent change Fishing Anglers in state... Days in state... In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers... State resident anglers... Total expenditures by state residents... Hunting Hunters in state... Days in state... In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters... State resident hunters... Total expenditures by state residents... Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching Participants in state... Days in state... State resident participants... Around-The-Home Wildlife Watching Total participants... Observers... Feeders... Wildlife-Watching Expenditures In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers... Total expenditures by state residents... 293 303 3 2,497 3,123 25 $268,669 $463,814 73 121 115 5 $171,822 $132,153 23 133 140 5 1,304 1,726 32 $156,601 $288,736 84 65 76 17 $79,964 $152,617 91 416 435 5 3,924 3,125 20 95 104 9 154 161 5 114 116 2 116 108 7 $336,495 $350,256 4 $117,671 $128,338 9 Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of significance U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 13

Wyoming 2006 and 2011 Comparison (Numbers in thousands. Expenditures in 2011 dollars) 2006 2011 Percent change Fishing Anglers in state... Days in state... In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers... State resident anglers... Total expenditures by state residents... Hunting Hunters in state... Days in state... In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters... State resident hunters... Total expenditures by state residents... Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching Participants in state... Days in state... State resident participants... Around-The-Home Wildlife Watching Total participants... Observers... Feeders... Wildlife-Watching Expenditures In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers... Total expenditures by state residents... 203 303 49 1,691 3,123 85 $581,850 $463,814 20 98 115 17 $502,474 $132,153 74 102 140 37 904 1,726 91 $153,156 $288,736 89 52 76 46 $100,232 $152,617 52 521 435 17 3,009 3,125 4 82 104 27 180 161 11 129 116 10 120 108 10 $440,583 $350,256 21 $154,034 $128,338 17 Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of significance Number of People Who Hunted and Fished in Wyoming: 2001 2011 (In thousands) Number of People Who Wildlife Watched in Wyoming: 2001 2011 (In thousands) Total Expenditures by Participants in Wyoming (In millions of 2011 dollars) Anglers Hunters Around the home Away from home Anglers Hunters Wildlife Watchers 521 582 416 435 441 464 293 303 269 336 289 350 133 203 102 140 154 180 161 157 153 2001 2006 2011 2001 2006 2011 2001 2006 2011 14 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Tables

Guide to Statistical Tables Purpose and Coverage of Tables The statistical tables of this report were designed to meet a wide range of needs for those interested in wildlife-related recreation. Special terms used in these tables are defined in Appendix A. The tables are based on responses to the 2011 Survey, which was designed to collect data about participation in wi ldlife-related recreation. To have taken part in the Survey, a respondent must have been a U.S. resident (a resident of one of the 50 states or the District of Columbia). No one residing outside the United States (including U.S. citizens) was eligible for interviewing. Therefore, reported state and national totals do not include participation by those who were not U.S. residents or who were U.S. citizens residing outside the United States. Comparability With Previous Surveys The numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Survey Reports. The methodology used in 2011 was similar to that used in those Surveys. These results should not be directly compared to results from Surveys earlier than 1991 since there were major changes in methodology. These changes were made to improve accuracy in the information provided. Coverage of an Individual Table Since the Survey covers many activities in various places by participants of different ages, all table titles, headnotes, stubs, and footnotes are designed to identify and articulate each item being reported in the table. For example, the title of Table 2 shows that data about anglers and hunters, their days of participation, and their number of trips are reported by type of activity. By contrast, the title of Table 7 indicates that it contains data on freshwater anglers and the days they fished for different species. Percentages Reported in the Tables Percentages are reported in the tables for the convenience of the user. When exclusive groups are being reported, the base of a percentage is apparent from its context because the percents add to 100 percent (plus or minus a rounding error). For example, Table 2 reports the number of trips taken by big game hunters, those taken by small game hunters, those taken by migratory bird hunters, and those taken by hunters pursuing other animals. These comprise 100 percent because they are exclusive categories. Percents should not add to 100 when nonexclusive groups are being reported. Using Table 2 as an example again, note that adding the percentages associated with the total number of big game hunters, total small game hunters, total migratory bird hunters, and total hunters of other animals will not yield total hunters because respondents could hunt for more than one type of game. When the base of the percentage is not apparent in context, it is identified in a footnote. For example, Table 15 reports two percentages with different bases: one base being the number of total participants at the head of the column and the other base being the total population who are described by the row category. Footnotes are used to clarify the bases of the reported percentages. Footnotes to the Tables Footnotes are used to clarify the information or items that are being reported in a table. Symbols in the body of a table indicate important footnotes. The following symbols are used in the tables to refer to the same footnote each time they appear: * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29.... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Z Less than 0.5 percent. X Not applicable. NA Not available. Estimates based upon fewer than ten responses are regarded as being based on a sample size that is too small for reliable reporting. An estimate based upon at least 10 but fewer than 30 responses is treated as an estimate based on a small sample size. Other footnotes appear, as necessary, to qualify or clarify the estimates reported in the tables. In addition, these two important footnotes appear frequently: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Multiple responses is a term used to reflect the fact that individuals or their characteristics fall into more than one category. Using Table 5 as an example, those who fished in saltwater and freshwater appear in both of these totals. Yet each angler is represented only once in the Total, all fishing row. Similarly, in Table 12, those who hunt for big game and small game are counted only once as a hunter in the Total, all hunting row. Therefore, totals will be smaller than the sum of subcategories when multiple responses exist. Nonresponse exists because the Survey questions were answered voluntarily, and some respondents did not or could not answer all the questions. 16 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table 1. Fishing and Hunting in Wyoming by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Sportspersons Total, state residents and nonresidents Number Percent of sportspersons State residents Number Percent of resident sportspersons Nonresidents Number Percent of nonresident sportspersons Total sportspersons (fished or hunted)... 390 100 142 100 249 100 Total anglers... 303 78 110 77 *193 *78 Fished only... 250 64 66 47 *184 *74 Fished and hunted... 53 13 *44 *31...... Total hunters... 140 36 76 53 *64 *26 Hunted only... 88 22 *32 *23 *56 *22 Hunted and fished... 53 13 *44 *31...... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Wyoming by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) FISHING Type of fishing and hunting Participants Days of participation Trips Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total, all fishing... 303 100 3,123 100 2,902 100 Total, all freshwater... 303 100 3,123 100 2,902 100 Freshwater, except Great Lakes... 303 100 3,123 100 2,902 100 Great Lakes... (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) Saltwater... (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) HUNTING Total, all hunting... 140 100 1,726 100 1,204 100 Big game... 130 93 1,487 86 944 78 Small game..................... Migratory birds..................... Other animals..................... Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. (X) Not applicable. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 17

Table 3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) FISHING Anglers and hunters, trips and days of participation Total, state residents and nonresidents Activity in Wyoming State residents Nonresidents Activity by Wyoming residents in United States Total, in state of residence and in other states In state of residence In other states Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total anglers... 303 100 110 36 *193 *64 115 100 110 96 *28 *25 Total trips... 2,902 100 1,510 52 *1,392 *48 1,629 100 1,510 93 *119 *7 Total days of fishing... 3,123 100 2,009 64 *1,114 *36 2,170 100 2,009 93 *161 *7 Average days of fishing...................... 10 (X) 18 (X) *6 (X) 19 (X) 18 (X) *6 (X) HUNTING Total hunters... 140 100 76 54 *64 *46 76 100 76 99 *12 *15 Total trips... 1,204 100 978 81 *225 *19 1,020 100 978 96 *42 *4 Total days of hunting........................ 1,726 100 1,103 64 *623 *36 1,171 100 1,103 94 *68 *6 Average days of hunting... 12 (X) 15 (X) *10 (X) 15 (X) 15 (X) *6 (X) * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. (X) Not applicable. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 4. Wyoming Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Place fished or hunted Anglers Hunters Number Percent Number Percent Total, all places... 115 100 76 100 In-state only... 86 75 65 85 In-state and other states... *23 *20 *11 *14 In other states only............... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Table 5. Wyoming Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) FISHING Type of fishing and hunting Participants Days of participation Trips Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total, all fishing... 115 100 2,170 100 1,629 100 Total, all freshwater... 115 100 2,129 98 1,625 100 Freshwater, except Great Lakes... 115 100 2,129 98 1,625 100 Great Lakes..................... Saltwater..................... HUNTING Total, all hunting... 76 100 1,171 100 1,020 100 Big game... 73 95 959 82 772 76 Small game... *10 *13 *67 *6 *55 *5 Migratory birds..................... Other animals... *13 *18 *124 *11 *116 *11 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. 18 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table 6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Anglers, trips, and days of fishing Total, state residents and nonresidents Activity in Wyoming State residents Nonresidents Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total anglers... 303 100 110 36 *193 *64 Total trips... 2,902 100 1,510 52 *1,392 *48 Total days of fishing... 3,123 100 2,009 64 *1,114 *36 Average days of fishing................................. 10 (X) 18 (X) *6 (X) ANGLERS Total, all types of water... 303 100 110 36 *193 *64 Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs... 140 100 102 73 *37 *27 Rivers or streams... 224 100 57 25 *168 *75 DAYS Total, all types of water... 3,123 100 2,009 64 *1,114 *36 Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs... 2,048 100 1,769 86 *279 *14 Rivers or streams... 1,188 100 388 33 *799 *67 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. (X) Not applicable. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Wyoming by Type of Fish: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) ANGLERS Anglers and days of fishing Activity in Wyoming Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent of total types Percent of anglers/days Number Percent of anglers/days Number Percent of anglers/days Total, all types of fish... 303 100 100 110 36 *193 *64 Crappie........................ Panfish................................................................. White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids........................ Black bass........................ Catfish, bullheads........................ Walleye, sauger... *40 *13 *100 *27 *68...... Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids........................ Steelhead........................ Trout... 281 93 100 88 31 *193 *69 Salmon........................ Anything 1............................................................... Other freshwater fish........................ DAYS Total, all types of fish... 3,123 100 100 2,009 64 *1,114 *36 Crappie........................ Panfish................................................................. White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids........................ Black bass........................ Catfish, bullheads........................ Walleye, sauger... *794 *25 *100 *621 *78...... Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids........................ Steelhead........................ Trout... 2,439 78 100 1,419 58 *1,020 *42 Salmon........................ Anything 1............................................................... Other freshwater fish........................ * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified Anything from a list of categories of fish. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 19

Table 8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Wyoming: 2011 This table does not apply to this state. Table 9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Wyoming by Type of Fish: 2011 This table does not apply to this state. 20 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table 10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Wyoming: 2011 This table does not apply to this state. Table 11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Wyoming by Type of Fish: 2011 This table does not apply to this state. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 21

Table 12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Wyoming by Type of Hunting: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) HUNTERS Hunters, trips, and days of hunting Total, state residents and nonresidents Activity in Wyoming State residents Nonresidents Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total, all hunting... 140 100 76 54 *64 *46 Big game... 130 100 70 54 *60 *46 Small game..................... Migratory birds..................... Other animals..................... TRIPS Total, all hunting... 1,204 100 978 81 *225 *19 Big game... 944 100 755 80 *188 *20 Small game..................... Migratory birds..................... Other animals..................... DAYS Total, all hunting... 1,726 100 1,103 64 *623 *36 Big game... 1,487 100 928 62 *559 *38 Small game..................... Migratory birds..................... Other animals..................... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Wyoming by Type of Game: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Hunters, state residents and nonresidents Days of hunting Type of game Number Percent Number Percent Total, all types of game... 140 100 1,726 100 Big game, total... 130 93 1,487 86 Deer... 82 58 710 41 Elk... 60 43 658 38 Bear............... Wild turkey............... Other big game... *51 *37 *383 *22 Small game, total............... Rabbit, hare............... Quail............... Grouse/prairie chicken............... Squirrel............... Pheasant............... Other small game............... Migratory birds, total............... Waterfowl............... Geese............... Ducks............... Doves............... Other migratory birds............... Other animals, total 1............... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Includes groundhog, raccoon, fox, coyote, crow, prairie dog, etc. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. 22 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table 14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Wyoming by Type of Land: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) HUNTERS Hunters and days of hunting Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total, all types of land... 140 100 76 100 *64 *100 Public land, total... 116 83 63 84 *53 *83 Public land only... 68 49 *29 *39 *39 *60 Public and private land... *48 *35 *34 *45...... Private land, total... *66 *47 *46 *60...... Private land only..................... Private and public land... *48 *35 *34 *45...... DAYS Total, all types of land... 1,726 100 1,103 100 *623 *100 Public land 1... 1,282 74 745 68 *537 *86 Private land 2... *707 *41 *609 *55...... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Days of hunting on public land includes both days spent solely on public land and those spent on public and private land. 2 Days of hunting on private land includes both days spent solely on private land and those spent on private and public land. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 23

Table 15. Selected Characteristics of Wyoming Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Characteristic Population Number Percent Number Sportspersons (fished or hunted) Percent who participated Percent of sportspersons Number Anglers Percent who participated Percent of anglers Number Hunters Percent who participated Percent of hunters Total persons... 424 100 145 34 100 115 27 100 76 18 100 Population Density of Residence Urban... 254 60 65 26 45 60 24 52 *21 *8 *28 Rural... 170 40 80 47 55 54 32 48 55 33 72 Population Size of Residence Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)... 282 67 67 24 46 58 21 51 *30 *11 *39 1,000,000 or more.................................... 250,000 to 999,999.................................... 50,000 to 249,999... 282 67 67 24 46 58 21 51 *30 *11 *39 Outside MSA... 141 33 78 55 54 57 40 49 47 33 61 Sex Male... 191 45 89 47 62 72 38 63 58 31 76 Female... 233 55 56 24 38 42 18 37 *18 *8 *24 Age 16 to 17 years... *11 *3........................... 18 to 24 years... *30 *7........................... 25 to 34 years... 57 13 *25 *45 *17 *21 *36 *18......... 35 to 44 years... 64 15 *34 *53 *23 *24 *37 *21 *21 *33 *28 45 to 54 years... 103 24 *29 *29 *20 *22 *21 *19 *14 *14 *19 55 to 64 years... 72 17 *18 *24 *12 *16 *21 *14......... 65 years and older... 86 20 *24 *28 *16 *18 *21 *16......... 65 to 74 years... 53 12 *18 *34 *13 *12 *23 *11......... 75 and older... 33 8........................... Ethnicity Hispanic... *22 *5........................... Non-Hispanic... 401 95 141 35 97 111 28 97 76 19 100 Race White... 392 93 143 36 98 112 29 98 76 19 100 African American.................................... All others... *31 *7........................... Annual Household Income Less than $20,000... 50 12........................... $20,000 to $29,999... *23 *5........................... $30,000 to $39,999... *29 *7 *15 *51 *10 *15 *51 *13......... $40,000 to $49,999... 33 8 *12 *35 *8 *12 *35 *10......... $50,000 to $74,999... 64 15 *24 *38 *17 *22 *34 *19......... $75,000 to $99,999... 60 14 *26 *43 *18......... *19 *31 *24 $100,000 to $149,999... 33 8........................... $150,000 or more... 32 7 *24 *76 *17 *23 *71 *20......... Not reported... 100 24 *18 *18 *12 *13 *13 *11......... Education 11 years or less... 36 9 *14 *38 *10.................. 12 years... 166 39 55 33 38 *43 *26 *38 *38 *23 *49 1 to 3 years of college... 116 27 *42 *36 *29 *34 *29 *30......... 4 years or more of college... 105 25 34 33 24 *30 *28 *26 *18 *17 *24 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.). 24 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table 16. Summary of Expenditures in Wyoming by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing and Hunting: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item FISHING AND HUNTING Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars) 1 Average per sportsperson (dollars) 1 Total... 786,944 513 1,534 1,979 Food and lodging... 75,008 241 311 192 Transportation... 158,521 358 442 406 Other trip costs 2... 319,570 294 1,088 819 Equipment (fishing, hunting)... 84,482 169 499 199 Auxiliary equipment 3... 31,351 50 621 *80 Special equipment 4............... Magazines, books, and DVDs... *3,111 *38 *83 *8 Membership dues and contributions... *10,329 *30 *345 *26 Other 5... 61,645 394 156 139 FISHING Total... 463,814 316 1,468 1,530 Food and lodging... 34,547 165 209 114 Transportation... 91,201 274 333 301 Other trip costs 2... 268,236 245 1,097 886 Fishing equipment... 30,752 110 281 100 Auxiliary equipment 3............... Special equipment 4............... Magazines, books, and DVDs............... Membership dues and contributions............... Other 5... 22,792 238 96 75 HUNTING Total... 288,736 258 1,118 1,960 Food and lodging... 40,461 122 331 289 Transportation... 67,319 134 503 480 Other trip costs 2... *51,334 *61 *835 *366 Hunting equipment... 48,959 86 570 304 Auxiliary equipment 3... *25,881 *33 *791 *184 Special equipment 4............... Magazines, books, and DVDs... *1,227 *23 *52 *8 Membership dues and contributions... *8,563 *17 *511 *61 Other 5... 38,852 197 197 224 UPECIFIED 6 Total... *29,577 *19 *1,595 *76 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only). 3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device. 4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. 5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, permits, and plantings (for hunting only). 6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 25

Table 17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Wyoming by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) ALL FISHING Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars) 1 Average per angler (dollars) 1 Total... 438,892 299 1,468 1,448 Food and lodging... 34,547 165 209 114 Transportation... 91,201 274 333 301 Other trip costs... 268,236 245 1,097 886 Equipment... 44,907 110 407 147 ALL FRESHWATER Total... 438,872 299 1,468 1,448 Food and lodging... 34,547 165 209 114 Transportation... 91,201 274 333 301 Other trip costs... 268,236 245 1,097 886 Equipment... 44,888 109 410 147 FRESHWATER, EXCEPT GREAT LAKES Total... 438,872 299 1,468 1,448 Food and lodging... 34,547 165 209 114 Transportation... 91,201 274 333 301 Other trip costs... 268,236 245 1,097 886 Equipment... 44,888 109 410 147 GREAT LAKES Total............... Food and lodging............... Transportation............... Other trip costs............... Equipment............... SALTWATER Total............... Food and lodging............... Transportation............... Other trip costs............... Equipment............... Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 19 for detailed listing of expenditure items. 26 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table 18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Wyoming by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) ALL HUNTING Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars) 1 Average per type of hunter (dollars) 1 Total... 240,095 173 1,385 1,667 Food and lodging... 40,461 122 331 289 Transportation... 67,319 134 503 480 Other trip costs... *51,334 *61 *835 *366 Equipment... 80,980 94 862 531 BIG GAME Total... 198,847 130 1,529 1,418 Food and lodging... 34,353 114 302 245 Transportation... 62,591 129 486 447 Other trip costs... *51,222 *58 *880 *366 Equipment... 50,682 49 1,045 *361 SMALL GAME Total............... Food and lodging............... Transportation............... Other trip costs............... Equipment............... MIGRATORY BIRDS Total............... Food and lodging............... Transportation............... Other trip costs............... Equipment............... OTHER ANIMALS Total............... Food and lodging............... Transportation............... Other trip costs............... Equipment............... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 20 for detailed listing of expenditure items. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 27

Table 19. Expenditures in Wyoming by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Expenditures Amount (thousands of dollars) Average per angler (dollars) 1 Number (thousands) Spenders Percent of anglers Average per spender (dollars) 1 Total, all items... 463,814 1,530 316 104 1,468 TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related... 393,984 1,301 280 92 1,409 Food and lodging, total... 34,547 114 165 54 209 Food... 31,583 104 163 54 194 Lodging... *2,964 *10 *36 *12 *82 Transportation... 91,201 301 274 91 333 Other trip costs, total... 268,236 886 245 81 1,097 Privilege and other fees 2... *238,490 *788 *144 *48 *1,654 Boating costs 3... *23,291 *77 *51 *17 *456 Bait... 3,050 10 83 28 37 Ice... *2,772 *9 *70 *23 *39 Heating and cooking fuel... *633 *2 *35 *12 *18 EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES PRIMARILY FOR FISHING Fishing equipment, total... 30,752 100 110 36 281 Reels, rods, and rod-making components... *16,934 *54 *61 *20 *276 Lines, hooks, sinkers, etc.... 5,884 19 84 28 70 Artificial lures and flies... 4,225 14 67 22 63 Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks.................. Minnow seines, traps, and bait containers.................. Other fishing equipment 4... *2,986 *10 *37 *12 *80 Auxiliary equipment 5.................. Special equipment 6.................. Other fishing costs 7... 24,923 82 240 79 104 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Includes boat or equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trip (party and charter boats, etc.), public land use, and private land use. 3 Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. 4 Includes electronic fishing devices (depth finders, fish finders, etc.), tackle boxes, ice fishing equipment, and other fishing equipment. 5 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device. 6 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. 7 Includes magazines, books, and DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of anglers may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not fish in this state are included. 28 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table 20. Expenditures in Wyoming by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Expenditures Amount (thousands of dollars) Average per hunter (dollars) 1 Number (thousands) Spenders Percent of hunters Average per spender (dollars) 1 Total, all items... 288,736 1,960 258 184 1,118 TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related... 159,115 1,136 138 99 1,150 Food and lodging, total... 40,461 289 122 87 331 Food... 25,943 185 122 87 212 Lodging... *14,518 *104 *48 *35 *299 Transportation... 67,319 480 134 95 503 Other trip costs, total... *51,334 *366 *61 *44 *835 Privilege and other fees 2... *50,417 *360 *39 *28 *1,305 Boating costs 3.................. Heating and cooking fuel... *918 *7 *31 *22 *29 EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES PRIMARILY FOR HUNTING Hunting equipment, total... 48,959 304 86 61 570 Firearms.................. Ammunition... *12,196 *57 *69 *49 *178 Other hunting equipment 4... *17,752 *111 *46 *33 *386 Auxiliary equipment 5... *25,881 *184 *33 *23 *791 Special equipment 6.................. Other hunting costs 7... 48,642 293 199 142 245 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Includes guide fees, pack trip and package fees, public and private land use access fees, and rental of equipment such as boats and hunting or camping equipment. 3 Boating costs include launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. 4 Includes telescopic sights, decoys and game calls, handloading equipment and components, hunting dogs and associated costs, hunting knives, bows, arrows, archery equipment, and other hunting equipment. 5 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device. 6 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. 7 Includes magazines, books, and DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of hunters may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not hunt in this state are included. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 29

Table 21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Wyoming for Fishing and Hunting by Wyoming Residents and Nonresidents: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars) 1 Average per sportsperson (dollars) 1 Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total... 711,860 420 1,694 5,081 Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total... 438,892 299 1,468 1,448 Food and lodging... 34,547 165 209 114 Transportation... 91,201 274 333 301 Boating costs 2... *23,291 *51 *456 *77 Other trip costs 3... 244,945 238 1,031 809 Equipment... 44,907 110 407 147 Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total... 244,865 180 1,361 1,667 Food and lodging... 40,461 122 331 289 Transportation... 67,319 134 503 480 Boating costs 2............... Other trip costs 3... *51,334 *61 *835 *366 Equipment... 85,751 101 853 531 Unspecified equipment 4............... STATE RESIDENTS Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total... 239,231 135 1,770 3,163 Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total... 95,365 104 917 869 Food and lodging... 12,690 95 134 116 Transportation... 22,315 98 227 203 Boating costs 2... *21,038 *37 *565 *192 Other trip costs 3... 12,797 83 155 117 Equipment... 26,525 76 351 242 Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total... 115,763 82 1,408 1,468 Food and lodging... 12,086 67 180 160 Transportation... 25,671 74 346 339 Boating costs 2............... Other trip costs 3... *882 *22 *40 *12 Equipment... 77,125 58 1,328 957 Unspecified equipment 4............... NONRESIDENTS Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total... 472,629 285 1,658 7,330 Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total... *343,527 *195 *1,762 *1,777 Food and lodging... *21,857 *70 *313 *113 Transportation... *68,886 *176 *392 *357 Boating costs 2............... Other trip costs 3... *232,148 *155 *1,497 *1,202 Equipment............... Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total... *129,102 *98 *1,321 *1,901 Food and lodging... *28,375 *55 *513 *440 Transportation... *41,649 *60 *700 *646 Boating costs 2............... Other trip costs 3... *50,453 *40 *1,274 *782 Equipment............... Unspecified equipment 4............... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. 3 Includes equipment rental, guide and access fees, ice and bait for fishing, and heating and cooking oil. 4 Respondent could not specify whether item was for hunting or fishing. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. 30 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table 22. Summary of Wyoming Residents Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Wyoming: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item FISHING AND HUNTING Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars) 1 Average per sportsperson (dollars) 1 Total... 334,306 143 2,335 2,306 Food and lodging... 29,451 129 228 203 Transportation... 55,022 133 414 380 Other trip costs 2... 50,468 107 472 348 Equipment (fishing, hunting)... 75,772 106 714 523 Auxiliary equipment 3... 36,487 50 724 252 Special equipment 4... *47,257 *18 *2,700 *326 Magazines, books, and DVDs... *3,978 *36 *109 *27 Membership dues and contributions... *16,274 *32 *507 *112 Other 5... 19,597 116 170 135 FISHING Total... 132,153 113 1,172 1,153 Food and lodging... 15,201 99 154 133 Transportation... 27,065 102 266 236 Other trip costs 2... 49,579 97 513 433 Fishing equipment... 15,169 82 186 132 Auxiliary equipment 3... *4,844 *20 *244 *42 Special equipment 4............... Magazines, books, and DVDs............... Membership dues and contributions............... Other 5... 8,297 75 110 72 HUNTING Total... 152,617 76 1,998 1,998 Food and lodging... 14,250 71 201 187 Transportation... 27,957 75 373 366 Other trip costs 2... *889 *23 *39 *12 Hunting equipment... 52,647 52 1,020 689 Auxiliary equipment 3... *29,752 *29 *1,013 *390 Special equipment 4............... Magazines, books, and DVDs... *1,120 *20 *55 *15 Membership dues and contributions... *8,563 *17 *511 *112 Other 5... 11,300 68 166 148 UPECIFIED 6 Total... *41,506 *24 *1,732 *286 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only). 3 Includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device. 4 Includes big-ticket items bought primarily for hunting and fishing including boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. 5 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits, and plantings (for hunting only). 6 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for fishing or hunting. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Tables 19 20 for a detailed listing of expenditure items. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 31

Table 23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Wyoming Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older) IN WYOMING Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars) 1 Average per sportsperson (dollars) 1 Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total... 267,912 140 1,917 686 Trip-related expenditures... 107,478 134 801 275 Equipment (fishing and hunting)... 58,674 99 591 150 Auxiliary equipment 2... *30,150 *43 *699 *77 Special equipment 3............... Other 4... 28,681 116 248 73 Expenditures for fishing, total... 103,991 109 957 343 Trip-related expenditures... 68,840 103 670 227 Fishing equipment... 12,370 75 165 41 Auxiliary equipment 2............... Special equipment 3............... Other 4... 8,626 73 119 28 Expenditures for hunting, total... 129,527 76 1,713 924 Trip-related expenditures... 38,638 75 515 276 Hunting equipment... 41,534 51 819 296 Auxiliary equipment 2... *24,680 *25 *973 *176 Special equipment 3............... Other 4... 18,535 68 274 132 Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total 5... *29,577 *19 *1,595 *76 OUT OF STATE Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total... 66,394 123 538 170 Trip-related expenditures... *27,463 *36 *767 *70 Equipment (fishing and hunting)... *17,098 *106 *161 *44 Auxiliary equipment 2... *6,337 *50 *126 *16 Special equipment 3............... Other 4... *11,168 *66 *168 *29 Expenditures for fishing, total... *28,162 *89 *317 *93 Trip-related expenditures... *23,005 *27 *858 *76 Fishing equipment... *2,800 *82 *34 *9 Auxiliary equipment 2............... Special equipment 3............... Other 4... *1,856 *28 *65 *6 Expenditures for hunting, total... *28,483 *65 *435 *203 Trip-related expenditures... *4,457 *12 *383 *32 Hunting equipment... *11,113 *52 *215 *79 Auxiliary equipment 2... *6,135 *31 *195 *44 Special equipment 3............... Other 4... *2,448 *36 *69 *17 Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total 5............... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Auxiliary equipment includes sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, processing and taxidermy costs, and electronic equipment such as a GPS device. 3 Special equipment includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. 4 Other equipment includes expenditures for magazines, books, DVDs, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits, and plantings. 5 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. 32 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table 24. Wildlife Watching in Wyoming by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Number Percent Total participants... 518 100 Away from home... 435 84 Observe wildlife... 424 82 Photograph wildlife... 377 73 Feed wildlife... *96 *18 Around the home... 161 31 Observe wildlife... 116 22 Photograph wildlife... 96 19 Feed wildlife... 108 21 Visit parks or natural areas 1... *44 *8 Maintain plantings or natural areas... *31 *6 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. 1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in Wyoming: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants, trips, and days of participation PARTICIPANTS Total, state residents and nonresidents Activity in Wyoming State residents Nonresidents Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total participants... 435 100 100 100 336 100 Observe wildlife... 424 97 89 89 336 100 Photograph wildlife... 377 87 *65 *65 312 93 Feed wildlife... *96 *22............ TRIPS Total Trips... 2,745 100 1,009 100 1,736 100 Average days per trip... 1 (X) 1 (X) 1 (X) DAYS Total days... 3,125 100 1,119 100 2,006 100 Observing wildlife... 2,804 90 969 87 1,834 91 Photographing wildlife... 2,453 79 *716 *64 1,738 87 Feeding wildlife..................... Average days per participant... 7 (X) 11 (X) 6 (X) Observing wildlife... 7 (X) 11 (X) 5 (X) Photographing wildlife... 7 (X) *11 (X) 6 (X) Feeding wildlife...... (X)... (X)... (X) * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (X) Not applicable. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 33

Table 26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or Fed in Wyoming: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Wildlife observed, photographed, or fed Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total all wildlife... 435 100 100 23 336 77 Total birds... 360 100 74 20 286 80 Songbirds (cardinals, robins, warblers, etc.)... 111 100 *36 *32 *75 *68 Birds of prey (hawks, owls, eagles, etc.)... 324 100 *58 *18 266 82 Waterfowl (ducks, geese, swans, etc.)................... 206 100 *52 *25 *154 *75 Other water birds (shorebirds, herons, cranes, etc.)... *119 *100 *25 *21 *94 *79 Other birds (pheasants, turkeys, road runners, etc.)... *99 *100 *43 *44 *56 *56 Total land mammals... 409 100 87 21 322 79 Large land mammals (bears, bison, elk, etc.)... 409 100 87 21 322 79 Small land mammals (prairie dogs, squirrels, etc.)... 306 100 *56 *18 250 82 Fish (salmon, sharks, etc.)... *49 *100............ Marine mammals (whales, dolphins, etc.)..................... Other wildlife (butterflies, turtles, etc.)... *122 *100 *30 *25 *92 *75 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Table 27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Wyoming: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Around the home Participants Total around-the-home participants... 161 100 Observe wildlife... 116 72 Visit parks and natural areas 1... *44 *27 Photograph wildlife... 96 60 Feed wildlife... 108 67 Maintain natural areas......... Maintain plantings... *24 *15 Participants Observing Wildlife Total, all wildlife... 116 100 Birds... 112 97 Land mammals... 106 92 Large mammals... 98 84 Small mammals... 83 72 Amphibians or reptiles... *32 *27 Insects or spiders... *42 *36 Fish and other wildlife... *28 *24 Total, 1 day or more... 116 100 1 to 10 days......... 11 to 50 days... *31 *26 51 to 200 days... *38 *32 201 days or more... *32 *28 Participants Visiting Parks or Natural Areas 1 Total, 1 day or more... *44 *100 1 to 5 days......... 6 to 10 days......... 11 days or more......... Participants Photographing Wildlife Total, 1 day or more... 96 100 1 to 3 days... *36 *37 4 to 10 days......... 11 or more days... *46 *47 Participants Feeding Wildlife Total, all wildlife... 108 100 Wild birds... 104 97 Other wildlife......... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Number Percent 34 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table 28. Wyoming Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Number Percent of participants Percent of population Total participants... 182 100 43 Away from home... 104 57 25 Around the home... 161 89 38 Observe wildlife... 116 64 27 Photograph wildlife... 96 53 23 Feed wild birds or other wildlife... 108 59 25 Maintain plantings or natural areas... *31 *17 *7 Visit parks or natural areas 1... *44 *24 *10 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. 1 Includes visits only to parks or natural areas within one mile of home. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. The column showing percent of participants is based on total participants. The column showing percent of population is based on the state population 16 years old and older, including those who did not participate in wildlife watching. Table 29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Wyoming by State Residents and Nonresidents: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) OBSERVERS Observers and days of observation Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total bird observers... 417 100 130 100 286 100 Around-the-home observers... 112 27 112 86 (X) (X) Away-from-home observers... 354 85 68 52 286 100 DAYS Total days observing birds... 17,719 100 16,055 100 1,665 100 Around the home... 15,240 86 15,240 95 (X) (X) Away from home... 2,480 14 815 5 1,665 100 (X) Not applicable. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 35

Table 30. Selected Characteristics of Wyoming Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Characteristic Population Number Percent Number Participants Total Away from home Around the home Percent who participated Percent Number Percent who participated Percent Number Percent who participated Total persons... 424 100 182 43 100 104 25 100 161 38 100 Population Density of Residence Urban... 254 60 103 41 57 *53 *21 *51 88 35 55 Rural... 170 40 79 46 43 *52 *30 *49 73 43 45 Population Size of Residence Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)... 282 67 119 42 65 70 25 67 101 36 63 1,000,000 or more.................................... 250,000 to 999,999.................................... 50,000 to 249,999... 282 67 119 42 65 70 25 67 101 36 63 Outside MSA... 141 33 63 45 35 *34 *24 *33 *60 *42 *37 Sex Male... 191 45 82 43 45 *41 *22 *40 74 39 46 Female... 233 55 100 43 55 *63 *27 *60 87 37 54 Age 16 to 17 years... *11 *3........................... 18 to 24 years... *30 *7........................... 25 to 34 years... 57 13 *22 *38 *12.................. 35 to 44 years... 64 15 *29 *45 *16 *21 *33 *21 *26 *40 *16 45 to 54 years... 103 24 *28 *27 *15......... *28 *27 *17 55 to 64 years... 72 17 *39 *55 *22 *21 *30 *21 *38 *53 *24 65 years and older... 86 20 *61 *71 *33 *34 *39 *32 *51 *59 *31 65 to 74 years... 53 12 *45 *86 *25......... *40 *75 *25 75 and older... 33 8........................... Ethnicity Hispanic... *22 *5........................... Non-Hispanic... 401 95 179 45 99 104 26 100 159 40 98 Race White... 392 93 180 46 99 103 26 99 159 41 99 African American.................................... All others... *31 *7........................... Annual Household Income Less than $20,000... 50 12........................... $20,000 to $29,999... *23 *5........................... $30,000 to $39,999... *29 *7........................... $40,000 to $49,999... 33 8........................... $50,000 to $74,999... 64 15 *29 *45 *16 *21 *33 *20 *21 *33 *13 $75,000 to $99,999... 60 14 *34 *57 *19......... *34 *57 *21 $100,000 to $149,999... 33 8........................... $150,000 or more... 32 7........................... Not reported... 100 24 *28 *28 *16......... *23 *23 *14 Education 11 years or less... 36 9........................... 12 years... 166 39 *63 *38 *34 *42 *25 *40 *57 *34 *35 1 to 3 years of college... 116 27 *58 *50 *32 *30 *26 *29 *47 *40 *29 4 years or more of college... 105 25 *47 *45 *26 *26 *25 *25 *43 *41 *26 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who participated, etc.). Percent columns show the percent of each column s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of those who participated who live in urban areas, etc.). Percent 36 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table 31. Expenditures in Wyoming by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife Watching: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Expenditures (thousands of dollars) Average per participant (dollars) 1 Number (thousands) Spenders Percent of wildlife-watching participants 2 Average per spender (dollars) 1 Total, all items... 350,256 667 494 95 709 TRIP EXPENDITURES Total, trip-related... 321,169 731 426 98 754 Food and lodging... 157,429 362 350 80 450 Food... 90,114 207 350 80 258 Lodging... 67,316 155 198 45 340 Transportation... 155,218 349 398 91 390 Other trip costs 3... 8,522 20 197 45 43 EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES Total... 29,086 53 151 29 193 Wildlife-watching equipment, total... 21,261 41 125 24 170 Binoculars, spotting scopes.................. Film and photo processing... *6,561 *13 *30 *6 *217 Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and other photographic equipment, including memory cards.................. Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing.................. Bird food... 7,828 15 70 14 112 Food for other wildlife.................. Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths... *784 *2 *27 *5 *29 Other equipment (including field guides).................. Auxiliary equipment 4.................. Special equipment 5.................. Magazines, books, and DVDs.................. Membership dues and contributions... *3,358... *40 *8 *84 Land leasing and ownership.................. Plantings... *2,309 *4 *22 *4 *103 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participation. For equipment and other expenditures, the percent of wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants. 3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel. 4 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment. 5 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 37

Table 32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Wyoming for Wildlife Watching by Wyoming Residents and Nonresidents: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars) 1 Average per participant (dollars) 1 Total... 343,336 481 713 657 Food and lodging... 157,429 350 450 362 Transportation... 155,218 398 390 349 Other trip costs 2... 8,522 197 43 20 Equipment 3... 22,166 126 176 43 STATE RESIDENTS Total... 56,273 151 374 292 Food and lodging... 14,242 87 163 143 Transportation... 18,355 88 209 154 Other trip costs 2... *2,105 *35 *60 *21 Equipment 3... 21,571 102 211 119 NONRESIDENTS Total... 287,062 331 868 855 Food and lodging... 143,187 262 546 426 Transportation... 136,863 310 442 408 Other trip costs 2... 6,417 162 40 19 Equipment 3............... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use, private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel. 3 Includes wildlife-watching auxiliary and special equipment. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 33 for detailed listed of expenditure items. 38 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table 33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Wyoming by Wyoming Residents: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Expenditures (thousands of dollars) Average per participant (dollars) 1 Number (thousands) Spenders Percent of wildlife-watching participants 2 Average per spender (dollars) 1 Total, all items... 128,338 705 160 88 802 TRIP EXPENDITURES Total, trip-related... 51,858 498 95 91 546 Food and lodging... 23,987 230 87 84 275 Food... 17,901 172 87 84 205 Lodging.................. Transportation... 25,604 246 91 87 282 Other trip costs 3... *2,267 *22 *38 *36 *60 EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES Total... 76,480 420 119 65 642 Wildlife-watching equipment, total... 38,709 213 107 59 361 Binoculars, spotting scopes.................. Film and photo processing... *6,613 *36 *30 *17 *219 Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and other photographic equipment, including memory cards... *15,989 *88 *29 *16 *557 Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing... *3,903 *21 *23 *13 *169 Bird food... 8,826 48 67 37 131 Food for other wildlife.................. Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths... *916 *5 *30 *16 *31 Other equipment.................. Auxiliary equipment 4.................. Special equipment 5.................. Magazines, books, and DVDs... *1,728 *9 *27 *15 *63 Membership dues and contributions... *1,788 *10 *24 *13 *75 Land leasing and ownership.................. Plantings... *2,309 *13 *22 *12 *103 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participation. For equipment and other expenditures, the percent of wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants. 3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel. 4 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment. 5 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 39

Table 34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Wyoming Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older) IN WYOMING Expenditure Item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars) 1 Average per participant (dollars) 1 Expenditures for wildlife watching, total 2................... 60,536 151 400 333 Trip-related expenditures 3... 34,702 95 366 348 Wildlife-watching equipment 4... 20,666 101 204 114 Auxiliary equipment 5............... Special equipment 6............... Other 7... *4,262 *47 *92 *23 OUT OF STATE Expenditures for wildlife watching, total 2................... *65,837 *53 *1,237 *2,427 Trip-related expenditures 3... *17,156 *24 *718 *718 Wildlife-watching equipment 4... *17,257 *27 *629... Auxiliary equipment 5............... Special equipment 6............... Other 7............... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. 1 Average expenditures are annual estimates. 2 Information on trip-related expenditures was collected for away-from-home participants only. Equipment and other expenditures are based on information collected from both away-from-home and around-the-home participants. 3 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel. 4 Includes binoculars, spotting scopes, cameras, special lenses, videocameras, other photography equipment, memory cards, film and photo processing, commercially prepared and packaged wild bird food, other bulk food used to feed wild birds, food used to feed other wildlife, nest boxes, bird houses, feeders, baths, and other wildife-watching equipment. 5 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment. 6 Includes boats, campers, cabins, trail bikes, dune buggies, 4 x 4 vehicles, ATVs, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, pickups, vans, travel and tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) and other special equipment. 7 Includes magazines, books, DVDs, membership dues and contributions, and land leasing and ownership. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Table 35. Participation of Wyoming Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Wildife-watching activity Total wildlife watchers Participants Away from home Around the home Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total participants... 182 100 104 100 161 100 Wildlife-watching participants who: Did not fish or hunt... 105 58 64 61 90 56 Fished or hunted... 77 42 40 39 72 44 Fished... 52 28 *23 *22 46 28 Hunted... *40 *22 *22 *21 *38 *23 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. 40 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table 36. Participation of Wyoming Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2011 (State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Sportspersons Sportspersons Anglers Hunters Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total sportspersons... 145 100 115 100 76 100 Sportspersons who: Did not engage in wildlife-watching activities... 68 47 63 55 *36 *47 Engaged in wildlife-watching activities... 77 53 52 45 *40 *53 Away from home... 40 28 *23 *20 *22 *28 Around the home... 72 49 46 40 *38 *49 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 41

Table 37. Participation in Wildlife-Related Recreation by State Residents Both Inside and Outside Their Resident State: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participant s state of residence Population Total participants Sportspersons Wildlife-watching participants Number Percent of population Number Percent of population Number Percent of population United States, total... 239,313 90,108 38 37,397 16 71,776 30 Alabama... 3,664 1,490 41 744 20 1,079 29 Alaska... 526 337 64 235 45 247 47 Arizona... 5,084 1,660 33 721 14 1,281 25 Arkansas... 2,238 1,119 50 572 26 828 37 California... 28,562 7,360 26 1,898 7 6,475 23 Colorado... 3,946 1,854 47 727 18 1,456 37 Connecticut... 2,781 1,204 43 347 12 1,093 39 Delaware... 699 260 37 101 14 209 30 Florida... 14,855 4,652 31 2,068 14 3,598 24 Georgia... 7,459 2,752 37 981 13 2,206 30 Hawaii... 995 222 22 108 11 161 16 Idaho... 1,172 638 54 331 28 464 40 Illinois... 9,988 3,493 35 1,487 15 2,784 28 Indiana... 4,965 2,131 43 842 17 1,681 34 Iowa... 2,363 1,097 46 586 25 780 33 Kansas... 2,163 1,011 47 453 21 776 36 Kentucky... 3,376 1,470 44 643 19 1,221 36 Louisiana... 3,449 1,380 40 802 23 840 24 Maine... 1,066 520 49 233 22 401 38 Maryland... 4,480 1,396 31 426 9 1,224 27 Massachusetts... 5,320 1,779 33 464 9 1,530 29 Michigan... 7,787 3,709 48 1,636 21 3,067 39 Minnesota... 4,133 2,107 51 1,400 34 1,498 36 Mississippi... 2,220 1,017 46 700 32 630 28 Missouri... 4,667 2,105 45 1,001 21 1,645 35 Montana... 777 334 43 223 29 258 33 Nebraska... 1,387 499 36 258 19 362 26 Nevada... 2,024 594 29 171 8 504 25 New Hampshire... 1,066 470 44 168 16 388 36 New Jersey... 6,852 2,057 30 709 10 1,708 25 New Mexico... 1,551 592 38 252 16 486 31 New York... 15,503 5,143 33 1,980 13 4,081 26 North Carolina... 7,264 2,717 37 1,394 19 2,124 29 North Dakota... (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Ohio........................... 8,999 4,078 45 1,603 18 3,155 35 Oklahoma... 2,828 1,549 55 770 27 1,233 44 Oregon... 3,061 1,396 46 444 15 1,239 40 Pennsylvania... 10,036 4,063 40 1,277 13 3,329 33 Rhode Island... 848 309 36 94 11 270 32 South Carolina... 3,555 1,299 37 615 17 944 27 South Dakota... 631 371 59 190 30 267 42 Tennessee... 4,945 2,121 43 923 19 1,733 35 Texas... 18,681 5,888 32 2,711 15 4,263 23 Utah... 2,036 784 39 406 20 558 27 Vermont... 512 316 62 134 26 273 53 Virginia... 6,136 2,580 42 842 14 2,212 36 Washington... 5,293 2,311 44 968 18 1,932 37 West Virginia... 1,464 868 59 322 22 751 51 Wisconsin... 4,460 2,499 56 1,198 27 2,152 48 Wyoming... 424 250 59 145 34 182 43 (NA) Not available. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. 42 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table 38. Anglers and Hunters by Sportsperson s State of Residence: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Sportsperson s state of residence Population Fished or hunted Fished only Hunted only Fished and hunted Number Percent of population Number Percent of population Number Percent of population Number Percent of population United States, total... 239,313 37,397 16 23,714 10 4,285 2 9,389 4 Alabama... 3,664 744 20 252 7 *228 *6 264 7 Alaska... 526 235 45 129 25 *24 *5 82 16 Arizona... 5,084 721 14 462 9 *135 *3 *124 *2 Arkansas... 2,238 572 26 252 11 *105 *5 214 10 California... 28,562 1,898 7 1,431 5 198 1 269 1 Colorado... 3,946 727 18 567 14 *60 *2 99 3 Connecticut... 2,781 347 12 265 10...... 76 3 Delaware... 699 101 14 78 11 *9 *1 *14 *2 Florida... 14,855 2,068 14 1,731 12 *78 *1 252 2 Georgia... 7,459 981 13 672 9 *138 *2 171 2 Hawaii... 995 108 11 85 9...... *21 *2 Idaho... 1,172 331 28 169 14...... *119 *10 Illinois... 9,988 1,487 15 976 10 *252 *3 260 3 Indiana... 4,965 842 17 465 9 *56 *1 322 6 Iowa... 2,363 586 25 369 16 *64 *3 152 6 Kansas... 2,163 453 21 275 13 *18 *1 159 7 Kentucky... 3,376 643 19 327 10 *151 *4 165 5 Louisiana... 3,449 802 23 511 15 *69 *2 222 6 Maine... 1,066 233 22 92 9 *37 *3 104 10 Maryland... 4,480 426 9 337 8...... *72 *2 Massachusetts... 5,320 464 9 398 7...... 59 1 Michigan... 7,787 1,636 21 1,128 14 *170 *2 337 4 Minnesota... 4,133 1,400 34 925 22 *71 *2 403 10 Mississippi... 2,220 700 32 263 12 *96 *4 340 15 Missouri... 4,667 1,001 21 507 11 132 3 363 8 Montana... 777 223 29 114 15 *30 *4 78 10 Nebraska... 1,387 258 19 143 10 *61 *4 54 4 Nevada... 2,024 171 8 122 6 *15 *1 *34 *2 New Hampshire... 1,066 168 16 125 12...... *39 *4 New Jersey... 6,852 709 10 593 9 *30 *(Z) 86 1 New Mexico... 1,551 252 16 185 12 *21 *1 *47 *3 New York... 15,503 1,980 13 1,241 8 *172 *1 567 4 North Carolina... 7,264 1,394 19 1,077 15 *88 *1 230 3 North Dakota... (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Ohio................... 8,999 1,603 18 1,075 12 *168 *2 360 4 Oklahoma... 2,828 770 27 551 19...... *193 *7 Oregon... 3,061 444 15 263 9 *58 *2 *123 *4 Pennsylvania... 10,036 1,277 13 574 6 269 3 434 4 Rhode Island... 848 94 11 77 9...... 16 2 South Carolina... 3,555 615 17 377 11 *42 *1 196 6 South Dakota... 631 190 30 *58 *9 *27 *4 106 17 Tennessee... 4,945 923 19 637 13 *91 *2 196 4 Texas... 18,681 2,711 15 1,631 9 *356 *2 724 4 Utah... 2,036 406 20 245 12 *55 *3 106 5 Vermont... 512 134 26 64 12 30 6 41 8 Virginia... 6,136 842 14 488 8 135 2 219 4 Washington... 5,293 968 18 749 14 *54 *1 165 3 West Virginia... 1,464 322 22 111 8 *83 *6 128 9 Wisconsin... 4,460 1,198 27 434 10 *260 *6 504 11 Wyoming... 424 145 34 69 16 *30 *7 46 11 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (NA) Not available. (Z) Less than 0.5 percent. Note: U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 43

Table 39. Participation in Wildlife-Related Recreation in Each State by Both Residents and Nonresidents of the State: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) State where activity took place Total participants Sportspersons Wildlife-watching participants Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent United States, total... 90,108 100 37,397 42 71,776 80 Alabama... 1,732 100 948 55 1,114 64 Alaska... 1,014 100 563 55 640 63 Arizona... 2,136 100 786 37 1,566 73 Arkansas... 1,323 100 696 53 852 64 California... 7,849 100 1,820 23 6,733 86 Colorado... 2,315 100 919 40 1,782 77 Connecticut... 1,361 100 350 26 1,178 87 Delaware... 344 100 177 52 243 71 Florida... 6,354 100 3,152 50 4,308 68 Georgia... 3,058 100 1,059 35 2,393 78 Hawaii... 465 100 158 34 358 77 Idaho... 838 100 534 64 558 67 Illinois... 3,799 100 1,309 34 3,019 79 Indiana... 2,308 100 867 38 1,719 74 Iowa... 1,255 100 598 48 837 67 Kansas... 1,156 100 527 46 792 69 Kentucky... 1,710 100 713 42 1,319 77 Louisiana... 1,709 100 904 53 1,010 59 Maine... 1,117 100 413 37 838 75 Maryland... 1,613 100 445 28 1,362 84 Massachusetts... 2,199 100 538 24 1,828 83 Michigan... 4,397 100 1,938 44 3,199 73 Minnesota... 2,518 100 1,649 65 1,577 63 Mississippi... 1,350 100 782 58 781 58 Missouri... 2,494 100 1,277 51 1,716 69 Montana... 570 100 335 59 402 71 Nebraska... 558 100 289 52 384 69 Nevada... 734 100 163 22 643 88 New Hampshire... 786 100 247 31 630 80 New Jersey... 2,438 100 794 33 1,875 77 New Mexico... 783 100 304 39 566 72 New York... 5,536 100 2,109 38 4,239 77 North Carolina... 3,497 100 1,631 47 2,432 70 North Dakota... (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Ohio....................................... 4,344 100 1,561 36 3,197 74 Oklahoma... 1,727 100 779 45 1,263 73 Oregon... 1,786 100 703 39 1,440 81 Pennsylvania... 4,564 100 1,424 31 3,598 79 Rhode Island... 402 100 179 45 308 77 South Carolina... 1,729 100 847 49 1,103 64 South Dakota... 662 100 430 65 384 58 Tennessee... 2,584 100 994 38 1,955 76 Texas... 6,305 100 2,713 43 4,376 69 Utah... 1,015 100 493 49 717 71 Vermont... 512 100 254 50 370 72 Virginia... 3,269 100 1,068 33 2,509 77 Washington... 2,756 100 1,005 36 2,168 79 West Virginia... 1,176 100 447 38 850 72 Wisconsin... 3,500 100 1,554 44 2,359 67 Wyoming... 775 100 390 50 518 67 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. (NA) Not available. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. 44 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table 40. Anglers and Hunters by State Where Fishing or Hunting Took Place: 2011 (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) State where fishing or hunting took place Total anglers, residents and nonresidents Anglers State residents Nonresidents Total hunters, residents and nonresidents Hunters State residents Nonresidents Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent United States, total... 33,112 100 30,037 91 6,964 21 13,674 100 12,890 94 1,942 14 Alabama... 683 100 473 69 210 31 535 100 492 92 *44 *8 Alaska... 538 100 211 39 327 61 125 100 104 83...... Arizona... 637 100 533 84 *104 *16 269 100 225 83 *45 *17 Arkansas... 555 100 458 83 *97 *17 363 100 316 87...... California... 1,674 100 1,576 94 98 6 394 100 377 96...... Colorado... 767 100 593 77 175 23 259 100 144 55 *115 *45 Connecticut... 342 100 277 81 *65 *19 50 100 46 93...... Delaware... 166 100 59 36 *107 *64 23 100 19 84...... Florida... 3,092 100 1,895 61 1,197 39 242 100 215 89...... Georgia... 829 100 764 92 *65 *8 392 100 293 75 *98 *25 Hawaii... 157 100 104 66...... *23 *100 *23 *100...... Idaho... 447 100 238 53 208 47 246 100 *162 *66 *85 *34 Illinois... 1,044 100 955 92 *88 *8 512 100 459 90...... Indiana... 801 100 720 90 *81 *10 392 100 377 96...... Iowa... 473 100 416 88 *58 *12 253 100 200 79...... Kansas... 400 100 372 93 *28 *7 283 100 170 60 *112 *40 Kentucky... 554 100 451 81 *103 *19 347 100 316 91...... Louisiana... 825 100 700 85 *125 *15 277 100 253 91...... Maine... 341 100 193 56 149 44 181 100 141 78 *40 *22 Maryland... 426 100 347 81 80 19 88 100 *69 *78 *19 *22 Massachusetts... 532 100 377 71 155 29 56 100 52 93...... Michigan... 1,744 100 1,397 80 347 20 529 100 501 95...... Minnesota... 1,562 100 1,303 83 259 17 477 100 457 96...... Mississippi... 651 100 600 92...... 483 100 436 90...... Missouri... 1,071 100 827 77 244 23 576 100 477 83 *100 *17 Montana... 267 100 185 69 82 31 150 100 104 70 *46 *30 Nebraska... 207 100 177 85...... 128 100 110 86...... Nevada... 147 100 114 78...... 43 100 39 91...... New Hampshire... 228 100 153 67 75 33 56 100 42 74 *14 *26 New Jersey... 766 100 509 66 *257 *34 94 100 93 99...... New Mexico... 278 100 213 77 *65 *23 69 100 64 93...... New York... 1,882 100 1,585 84 297 16 823 100 739 90 *84 *10 North Carolina... 1,525 100 1,196 78 329 22 335 100 259 77 *76 *23 North Dakota... (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Ohio................ 1,342 100 1,257 94 *85 *6 553 100 516 93 *37 *7 Oklahoma... 729 100 680 93 *49 *7 244 100 219 90...... Oregon... 638 100 373 59 264 41 196 100 181 92...... Pennsylvania... 1,101 100 891 81 210 19 775 100 699 90 *76 *10 Rhode Island... 175 100 79 45 96 55 20 100 15 77...... South Carolina... 744 100 561 75 *182 *25 254 100 180 71 *74 *29 South Dakota... 268 100 156 58 *112 *42 270 100 127 47 144 53 Tennessee... 826 100 709 86 *117 *14 375 100 276 74...... Texas... 2,246 100 2,133 95 *114 *5 1,147 100 1,080 94 *67 *6 Utah... 414 100 343 83 *70 *17 193 100 158 82 *35 *18 Vermont... 207 100 95 46 112 54 90 100 66 74...... Virginia... 833 100 649 78 184 22 432 100 326 75 *106 *25 Washington... 938 100 835 89 *103 *11 219 100 200 92...... West Virginia... 305 100 222 73 *84 *27 247 100 184 74...... Wisconsin... 1,247 100 910 73 337 27 895 100 763 85 *131 *15 Wyoming... 303 100 110 36 *193 *64 140 100 76 54 *64 *46 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. (NA) Not available. Note: For the U.S. row, detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 45

Appendix A U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 47

Appendix A. Definitions Annual household income Total 2011 income of household members before taxes and other deductions. Around-the-home wildlife watching Activity within 1 mile of home with one of six primary purposes: (1) taking special interest in or trying to identify birds or other wildlife; (2) photographing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural areas of at least one-quarter acre for the benefit of wildlife; (5) maintaining plantings (such as shrubs and agricultural crops) for the benefit of wildlife; and (6) visiting parks and natural areas to observe, photograph, or feed wildlife. Auxiliary equipment Equipment owned primarily for wildlife-associated recreation. For the sportspersons section, these include sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and field glasses, special fishing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, and processing and taxidermy costs. For the wildlifewatching section, these include tents, tarps, frame packs, backpacking and other camping equipment, and blinds. For both sportspersons and wildlife watchers, it also includes electronic auxiliary equipment such as Global Positioning Systems. Away-from-home wildlife watching Trips or outings at least 1 mile from home for the primary purpose of observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife. Trips to zoos, circuses, aquariums, and museums are not included. Big game Bear, deer, elk, moose, wild turkey, and similar large animals that are hunted. Census Divisions East North Central Illinois Indiana Michigan Ohio Wisconsin East South Central Alabama Kentucky Mississippi Tennessee Middle Atlantic New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Mountain Arizona Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Utah Wyoming New England Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont Pacific Alaska California Hawaii Oregon Washington South Atlantic Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Virginia West Virginia West North Central Kansas Iowa Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota West South Central Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Day Any part of a day spent participating in a given activity. For example, if someone hunted two hours one day and three hours another day, it would be reported as two days of hunting. If someone hunted two hours in the morning and three hours in the afternoon of the same day, it would be considered one day of hunting. Education The highest completed grade of school or year of college. Expenditures Money spent in 2011 for wildlife-related recreation trips in the United States, wildlife-related recreational equipment purchased in the United States, and other items. The other items were books, magazines, and DVDs; membership dues and contributions, land leasing or owning; hunting and fishing licenses; and plantings, all for the purpose of wildliferelated recreation. Expenditures included both money spent by participants for themselves and the value of gifts they received. 48 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Fishing The sport of catching or attempting to catch fish with a hook and line, bow and arrow, or spear; it also includes catching or gathering shellfish (clams, crabs, etc.); and the noncommercial seining or netting of fish, unless the fish are for use as bait. For example, seining for smelt is fishing, but seining for bait minnows is not included as fishing. Fishing equipment Items owned primarily for fishing: Rods, reels, poles, and rodmaking components Lines and leaders Artificial lures, flies, baits, and dressing for flies or lines Hooks, sinkers, swivels, and other items attached to a line, except lures and baits Tackle boxes Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks Minnow traps, seines, and bait containers Depth finders, fish finders, and other electronic fishing devices Ice fishing equipment Other fishing equipment Freshwater Reservoirs, lakes, ponds, and the nontidal portions of rivers and streams. Great Lakes fishing Fishing in Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, St. Clair, Erie, and Ontario, their connecting waters such as the St. Mary s River system, Detroit River, St. Clair River, and the Niagara River, and the St. Lawrence River south of the bridge at Cornwall, New York. Great Lakes fishing includes fishing in tributaries of the Great Lakes for smelt, steelhead, and salmon. Home The starting point of a wildlife-related recreational trip. It may be a permanent residence or a temporary or seasonal residence such as a cabin. Hunting The sport of shooting or attempting to shoot wildlife with firearms or archery equipment. Rifles, shotguns, muzzleloaders, and handguns Archery equipment Telescopic sights Decoys and game calls Ammunition Hand loading equipment Hunting dogs and associated costs Other hunting equipment Land leasing and owning Leasing or owning land either singly or in cooperation with others for the primary purpose of fishing, hunting, or wildlife watching on it. Maintain natural areas To set aside 1/4 acre or more of natural environment, such as wood lots or open fields, for the primary purpose of benefiting wildlife. Maintain plantings To introduce or encourage the growth of food and cover plants for the primary purpose of benefiting wildlife. Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) A Metropolitan Statistical Area is a grouping of one or more counties or equivalent entities that contain at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more inhabitants. The Outside MSA classification include census-defined Micropolitan Statistical Areas (or Micro areas). A Micro area is defined as a grouping of one or more counties or equivalent entities that contain at least one urban cluster of at least 10,000 but less than 50,000 inhabitants. Refer to <www.census.gov /population/metro/about/>, for a more detailed definition of the Metropolitan Statistical Area. Migratory birds Birds that regularly migrate from one region or climate to another such as ducks, geese, and doves and other birds that may be hunted. Multiple responses The term used to reflect the fact that individuals or their characteristics fall into more than one reporting category. An example of a big game hunter who hunted for deer and elk demonstrates the effect of multiple responses. In this case, adding the number of deer hunters (one) and elk hunters (one) would overstate the number of big game hunters (one) because deer and elk hunters are not mutually exclusive categories. In contrast, for example, total participants is the sum of male and female participants, because male and female are mutually exclusive categories. Nonresidents Individuals who do not live in the State being reported. For example, a person living in Texas who watches whales in California is a nonresidential wildlife-watcher in California. Nonresponse A term used to reflect the fact that some Survey respondents provide incomplete sets of information. For example, a Survey respondent may have been unable to identify the primary type of hunting for which a gun was bought. Total hunting expenditure estimates will include the gun purchase, but it will not appear as spending for big game or any other type of hunting. Nonresponses result in reported totals that are greater than the sum of their parts. Observe To take special interest in or try to identify birds, fish or other wildlife. Other animals Coyotes, crows, foxes, groundhogs, prairie dogs, raccoons, alligators, and similar animals that can be legally hunted and are not classified as big game, small game, or migratory birds. They may be classified as unprotected or predatory animals by the State in which they are hunted. Feral pigs are classified as other animals in all States except Hawaii, where they are considered big game. Participants Individuals who engage in fishing, hunting, or a wildlifewatching activity. Unless otherwise stated, a person has to have hunted, fished, or wildlife watched in 2011 to be considered a participant. Plantings See Maintain plantings. Primary purpose The principal motivation for an activity, trip, or expenditure. Private land Land owned by a business, nongovernmental organization, private individual, or a group of individuals such as an association or club. Hunting equipment Items owned Public land Land that is owned by primarily for hunting: local governments (such as county parks and municipal watersheds), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 49

State governments (such as State parks and wildlife management areas), or the federal government (such as National Forests, Recreational Areas, and Wildlife Refuges). Residents Individuals who lived in the State being reported. For example, a person who lives in California and watches whales in California is a residential wildlife watcher in California. Rural All territory, population, and housing units located outside of urbanized areas and urban clusters, as determined by the U.S. Census Bureau. Saltwater Oceans, tidal bays and sounds, and the tidal portions of rivers and streams. Screening interviews The first Survey contact with a sample household. Screening interviews are conducted with a household representative to identify respondents who are eligible for in-depth interviews. Screening interviews gather data such as age and sex about individuals in the households. Further information on screening interviews is available on page vii in the Survey Background and Method section of this report. Small game Grouse, pheasants, quail, rabbits, squirrels, and similar small animals for which States have small game seasons and bag limits. Special equipment Big-ticket equipment items that are owned primarily for wildlife-related recreation: Bass boats Other types of motor boats Canoes and other types of nonmotor boats Boat motors, boat trailer/hitches, and other boat accessories Pickups, campers, vans, travel or tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) Cabins Off-the-road vehicles such as trail bikes, all terrain vehicles (ATVs), dune buggies, four-wheelers, 4x4 vehicles, and snowmobiles Other special equipment Spenders Individuals who spent money on fishing, hunting, or wildlifewatching activities or equipment and also participated in those activities. Sportspersons Individuals who engaged in fishing, hunting, or both. Trip An outing involving fishing, hunting, or wildlife watching. A trip may begin from an individual s principal residence or from another place, such as a vacation home or the home of a relative. A trip may last an hour, a day, or many days. Type of fishing There are three types of fishing: (1) freshwater except Great Lakes, (2) Great Lakes, and (3) saltwater. Type of hunting There are four types of hunting: (1) big game, (2) small game, (3) migratory bird, and (4) other animal. Unspecified expenditure An item that was purchased for use in both fishing and hunting, rather than primarily one or the other. Auxiliary equipment, special equipment, magazines and books, and membership dues and contributions are the items for which a purchase could be categorized as unspecified. Urban All territory, population, and housing units located within boundaries that encompass densely settled territory, consisting of core census block groups or blocks that have a population density of at least 1,000 people per square mile and surrounding census blocks that have an overall density of at least 500 people per square mile. Under certain conditions, less densely settled territory may be included, as determined by the Census Bureau. Visit parks or natural areas A visit to places accessible to the public and that are owned or leased by a governmental entity, nongovernmental organization, business, or a private individual or group such as an association or club. Wildlife Animals such as birds, fish, insects, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles that are living in natural or wild environments. Wildlife does not include animals living in aquariums, zoos, and other artificial surroundings or domestic animals such as farm animals or pets. Wildlife observed, photographed, or fed Examples of species that wildlife watchers observe, photograph, and/ or feed are (1) Wild birds songbirds such as cardinals, robins, warblers, jays, buntings, and sparrows; birds of prey such as hawks, owls, eagles, and falcons; waterfowl such as ducks, geese, and swans; other water birds such as shorebirds, herons, pelicans, and cranes; and other birds such as pheasants, turkeys, road runners, and woodpeckers; (2) Land mammals large land mammals such as bears, bison, deer, moose, and elk; small land mammals such as squirrels, foxes, prairie dogs, and rabbits; (3) Fish such as salmon, sharks, and groupers; (4) Marine mammals such as whales, dolphins, and manatees; and (5) Other wildlife such as butterflies, turtles, spiders, and snakes. Wildlife-related recreation Recreational fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching. Wildlife watching There are six types of wildlife watching: (1) closely observing, (2) photographing, (3) feeding, (4) visiting parks or natural areas, (5) maintaining plantings, and (6) maintaining natural areas. These activities must be the primary purpose of the trip or the around-the-home undertaking. Wildlife-watching equipment Items owned primarily for observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife: Binoculars and spotting scopes Cameras, video cameras, special lenses, and other photographic equipment Film and developing Commercially prepared and packaged wild bird food Other bulk food used to feed wild birds Food for other wildlife Nest boxes, bird houses, feeders, and baths Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing Other items such as field guides and maps 50 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Appendix B U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 51

Appendix B. 2010 Participation of 6- to 15-Year-Olds: Data From Screening Interviews The 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation was carried out in two phases. The first (or screening) phase began in April 2011. The main purpose of this phase was to collect information about all persons 16 years old and older in order to develop a sample of potential sportspersons and wildlife watchers for the second (or detailed) phase. However, information was also collected on the number of persons 6 to 15 years old who participated in wildlife-related recreation activities in 2010. It is important to emphasize that the information reported from the 2011 screen relates to activity only up to and including 2010. Also, these data are reported by one household respondent speaking for all household members rather than the actual participants. In addition, these data are based on long-term recall (at least a 12-month recall), which has been found in Survey research (see Investigation of Possible Recall/Reference Period Bias in National Surveys of Fishing, Hunting and Wildlife-Associated Recreation, December 1989, Westat, Inc.) to add bias to the resulting estimates. In many cases, longer recall periods result in overestimating participation and expenditures for wildlife-related recreation. Tables B-1 through B-4 report data on 6- to 15-year-old participants in 2010. Detailed expenditures and recreational activity data were not gathered for the 6- to 15-year-old participants. Because of differences in methodologies of the screening and the detailed phases of the 2011 Survey, the estimates of the two phases are not comparable. Only participants 16 years old and older were eligible for the detailed phase. The screening phase covered activity for 2010 or earlier; the detailed phase has estimates for only 2011. The detailed phase was a series of interviews of the actual participants conducted at 4- and 8-month intervals. The screening phase was a single interview of one household respondent who reported household events with one year or more recall. The shorter recall period of the detailed phase enabled better data accuracy. 52 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table B-1. Wyoming Residents 6 to 15 Years Old Participating in Fishing and Hunting Both Inside and Outside Wyoming: 2010 (Population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands) Sportspersons Sportspersons 6 to 15 years old Number Percent of sportspersons Percent of population Total sportspersons... *41 *100 *59 Total anglers... *39 *96 *56 Fished only... *30 *74 *44 Fished and hunted............ Total hunters............ Hunted only............ Hunted and fished............ * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29. Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Column showing percent of sportspersons is based on the Total sportspersons row. Column showing percent of population is based on the state population 6 to 15 years old, including those who did not fish or hunt. Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for household members 6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months worth of activity. Includes state residents who fished or hunted only in other countries. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 53

Table B-2. Selected Characteristics of Wyoming Resident Anglers and Hunters 6 to 15 Years Old: 2010 (Population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands) Characteristic Population Number Percent Number Sportspersons (fished or hunted) Percent who participated Percent Number Anglers Percent who participated Percent Number Hunters Percent who participated Total persons... 69 100 *41 *59 *100 *39 *56 *100......... Population Density of Residence Urban... *28 *40 *16 *56 *38 *14 *50 *35......... Rural... *41 *60 *25 *61 *62 *25 *61 *65......... Population Size of Residence Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)... *35 *51 *19 *55 *47 *17 *50 *45......... 1,000,000 or more.................................... 250,000 to 999,999.................................... 50,000 to 249,999... *35 *51 *19 *55 *47 *17 *50 *45......... Outside MSA... *34 *49 *21 *63 *53 *21 *63 *55......... Age 6 to 8 years... *19 *28........................... 9 to 11 years... *18 *26........................... 12 to 15 years... *32 *47 *17 *53 *42.................. Sex Male... *32 *46 *21 *66 *52 *19 *61 *50......... Female... *37 *54 *20 *53 *48 *20 *53 *50......... Ethnicity Hispanic.................................... Non-Hispanic... 65 95 *39 *59 *96 *37 *57 *96......... Race White... 62 90 *35 *57 *87 *33 *54 *86......... African American.................................... All others.................................... Annual Household Income Less than $20,000.................................... $20,000 to $29,999.................................... $30,000 to $39,999.................................... $40,000 to $49,999.................................... $50,000 to $74,999.................................... $75,000 to $99,999... *16 *23........................... $100,000 or more... *20 *29 *16 *80 *40.................. Not reported.................................... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29.... Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who wildlife watched, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of wildlife watchers who lived in urban areas, etc.). Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for household members 6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months worth of activity. Includes state residents who wildlife watched only in other countries. Percent 54 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table B-3. Wyoming Residents 6 to 15 Years Old Participating in Wildlife Watching Both Inside and Outside Wyoming: 2010 (Population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands) Participants Number Percent of participants Percent of population Total participants... 41 100 59 Away from home... *29 *71 *42 Around the home... *33 *82 *48 Observe wildlife... *28 *69 *41 Photograph wildlife............ Feed wild birds or other wildlife............ Maintain plantings or natural areas............ * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29.... Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. The column showing percent of participation is based on total participants. The column showing percent of population is based on the state population 6 to 15 years old, including those who did not participate in wildlife watching. Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for all household members 6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months worth of activity. Includes persons who wildlife watched only in other countries. Table B-4. Selected Characteristics of Wyoming Resident Wildlife Watchers 6 to 15 Years Old: 2010 (Population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands) Population Total wildlife watchers Away from Home Around the home Characteristic Percent Percent Percent who participated who par- who par- Number Percent Number Percent Number ticipated Percent Number ticipated Percent Total persons... 69 100 41 59 100 *29 *42 *100 *33 *48 *100 Population Density of Residence Urban... *28 *40 *19 *68 *46 *16 *59 *57 *16 *58 *49 Rural... *41 *60 *22 *53 *54......... *17 *41 *51 Population Size of Residence Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)... *35 *51 *22 *64 *55 *19 *55 *68 *19 *54 *57 1,000,000 or more.................................... 250,000 to 999,999.................................... 50,000 to 249,999... *35 *51 *22 *64 *55 *19 *55 *68 *19 *54 *57 Outside MSA... *34 *49 *18 *54 *45......... *14 *42 *43 Age 6 to 8 years... *19 *28........................... 9 to 11 years... *18 *26........................... 12 to 15 years... *32 *47 *23 *71 *56......... *20 *63 *61 Sex Male... *32 *46 *16 *52 *40 *12 *37 *41 *15 *46 *44 Female... *37 *54 *24 *65 *60 *17 *45 *59 *18 *50 *56 Ethnicity Hispanic.................................... Non-Hispanic... 65 95 *37 *57 *92 *25 *39 *88 *30 *45 *90 Race White... 62 90 *33 *54 *82 *21 *35 *75 *26 *42 *79 African American.................................... All others.................................... Annual Household Income Less than $20,000.................................... $20,000 to $29,999.................................... $30,000 to $39,999.................................... $40,000 to $49,999.................................... $50,000 to $74,999.................................... $75,000 to $99,999... *16 *23........................... $100,000 or more... *20 *29........................... Not reported.................................... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10 29.... Sample size too small (less than 10) to report data reliably. Note: Percent who participated columns show the percent of each row s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.). Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for household members 6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months worth of activity. Includes state residents who fished or hunted only in other countries. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 55

Appendix C U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 57

Appendix C. Significant Methodological Changes From Previous Surveys and Regional Trends This appendix provides a description of data collection changes and national and regional trend information based on the 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006, and 2011 Surveys. Since these five surveys used similar methodologies, their published information is directly comparable. Significant Methodological Differences The most significant design differences in the five Surveys are as follows: 1. The 1991 Survey data was collected by interviewers filling out paper questionnaires. The data entries were keyed in a separate operation after the interview. The 1996, 2001, 2006, and 2011 Survey data were collected by the use of computer-assisted interviews. The questionnaires were programmed into computers, and the interviewer keyed in the responses at the time of the interview. 2. The 1991 Survey screening phase was conducted in January and February of 1991, when a household member of the sample households was interviewed on behalf of the entire household. The screening interviews for the 1996, 2001, and 2006 Surveys were conducted April through June of their survey years in conjunction with the first wave of the detailed interviews. The 2011 Survey also conducted screening interviews and the first detailed interviews April through June of 2011, but furthermore had an additional screening and detailed effort from February 2012 to the end of May 2012. The April June 2011 screening effort had a high noncontact rate because of poor results using sample telephone numbers obtained from a private firm. Census went back to the noncontacted component of the original sample in February-May 2012 and interviewed a subsample, requiring annual recall for those respondents. The Wave 3 screen sample was 12,484 of the total 48,600 household screen sample. A modification of the 2011 sampling scheme was to oversample counties that had relatively high proportions of hunting license purchases. The screening interviews for all five Surveys consisted primarily of demographic questions and wildlife-related recreation questions concerning activity in the previous year (1990, 1995, etc.) and intentions for recreating in the survey year. In the 1991 Survey, an attempt was made to contact every sample person in all three detailed interview waves. In 1996, 2001, 2006, and 2011 respondents who were interviewed in the first detailed interview wave were not contacted again until the third wave (unless they were part of the other subsample, i.e., a respondent in both the sportsperson and wildlife watching subsamples could be in the first and third wave of sportsperson interviewing and the second and third wave of wildlife watching interviewing). Also, all interviews in the second wave were conducted only by telephone. In-person interviews were only conducted in the first and third waves. The 2011 wave 3 screen phase was composed of both telephone and in-person interviews. Section I. Important Instrument Changes in the 1996 Survey 1. The 1991 Survey collected information on all wildlife-related recreation purchases made by participants without reference to where the purchase was made. The 1996 Survey asked in which state the purchase was made. 2. In 1991, respondents were asked what kind of fishing they did, i.e., Great Lakes, other freshwater, or saltwater, and then were asked in what states they fished. In 1996, respondents were asked in which states they fished and then were asked what kind of fishing they did. This method had the advantage of not asking about, for example, saltwater fishing when they only fished in a noncoastal state. 3. In 1991, respondents were asked how many days they actually hunted or fished for a particular type of game or fish and then how many days they chiefly hunted or fished for the same type of game or fish rather than another type of game or fish. To get total days of hunting or fishing for a particular type of game or fish, the actually day response was used, while to get the sum of all days of hunting or fishing, the chiefly days were summed. In 1996, respondents were asked their total days of hunting or fishing in the country and each state, then how many days they hunted or fished for a particular type of game or fish. 4. Trip-related and equipment expenditure categories were not the same for all Surveys. Guide fee and Pack trip or package fee were two separate trip-related expenditure items in 1991, while they were combined into one category in the 1996 Survey. Boating costs was added to the 1996 hunting and wildlife-watching trip-related expenditure sections. Heating and cooking fuel was added to all of the trip-related expenditure sections. Spearfishing equipment 58 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

was moved from a separate category to the other list. Rods and Reels were two separate categories in 1991 but were combined in 1996. Lines, hooks, sinkers, etc. was one category in 1991 but split into Lines and Hooks, sinkers, etc. in 1996. Food used to feed other wildlife was added to the wildlife-watching equipment section, Boats and Cabins were added to the wildlife-watching special equipment section, and Land leasing and ownership was added to the wildlife-watching expenditures section. 5. Questions asking sportspersons if they participated as much as they wanted were added in 1996. If the sportspersons said no, they were asked why not. 6. The 1991 Survey included questions about participation in organized fishing competitions; anglers using bows and arrows, nets or seines, or spearfishing; hunters using pistols or handguns and target shooting in preparation for hunting. These questions were not asked in 1996. 7. The 1996 Survey included questions about catch and release fishing and persons with disabilities participating in wildlife-related recreation. These questions were not part of the 1991 Survey. 8. The 1991 Survey included questions about average distance traveled to recreation sites. These questions were not included in the 1996 Survey. 9. The 1996 Survey included questions about the last trip the respondent took. Included were questions about the type of trip, where the activity took place, and the distance and direction to the site visited. These questions were not asked in 1991. 10. The 1991 Survey collected data on hunting, fishing, and wildlife watching by U.S. residents in Canada. The 1996 Survey collected data on fishing and wildlifewatching by U.S. residents in Canada. Section II. Important Instrument Changes in the 2001 Survey 1. The 1991 and 1996 single race category Asian or Pacific Islander was changed to two categories Asian and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. In 1991 and 1996, the respondent was required to pick only one category, while in 2001 the respondent could pick any combination of categories. The next question stipulated that the respondent could only be identified with one category and then asked what that category was. 2. The 1991 and 1996 land leasing and ownership sections asked the respondent to combine the two types of land use into one and give total acreage and expenditures. In 2001, the two types of land use were explored separately. 3. The 1991 and 1996 wildlifewatching sections included questions on birdwatching for aroundthe-home participants only. The 2001 Survey added a question on birdwatching for away-from-home participants. Also, questions on the use of birding life lists and how many species the respondent can identify were added. 4. Recreational vehicles was added to the sportspersons and wildlifewatchers special equipment section. House trailer was added to the sportspersons special equipment section. 5. Total personal income was asked in the detailed phase of the 1996 Survey. This was changed to total household income in the 2001 Survey. 6. A question was added to the triprelated expenditures section to ascertain how much of the total was spent in the respondent s state of residence when the respondent participated in hunting, fishing, or wildlife watching out-of-state. 7. Boating questions were added to the fishing section. The respondent was asked about the extent of boat usage for the three types of fishing. 8. The 1996 Survey included questions about the months around-thehome wildlife watchers fed birds. These questions were not repeated in the 2001 Survey. 9. The contingent valuation sections of the three types of wildlife-related recreation were altered, using an open-ended question format instead of 1996 s dichotomous choice format. Section III. Important Instrument Changes in the 2006 Survey 1. A series of boating questions was added. The new questions dealt with anglers using motorboats and/ or nonmotorboats, length of boat used most often, distance to boat launch used most often, needed improvements to facilities at the launch, whether or not the respondent completed a boating safety course, who the boater fished with most often, and the source and type of information the boater used for his or her fishing. 2. Questions regarding catch and release fishing were added. They were whether or not the respondent caught and released fish and, if so, the percent of fish released. 3. The proportion of hunting done with a rifle or shotgun, as contrasted with muzzleloader or archery equipment, was asked. 4. In the contingent valuation section, where the value of wildlife-related recreation was determined, two quality-variable questions were added: the average length of certain fish caught and whether a deer, elk, or moose was killed. Plus the economic evaluation bid questions were rephrased, from What is the most your [species] hunting in [State name] could have cost you per trip last year before you would NOT have gone [species] hunting at all in 2001, not even one trip, because it would have been too expensive?, for the hunters, for example, to What is the cost that would have prevented you from taking even one such trip in 2006? In other words, if the trip cost was below this amount, you would have gone [species] hunting in [State name], but if the trip cost was above this amount, you would not have gone. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 59

5. Questions concerning hunting, fishing, or wildlife watching in other countries were taken out of the Survey. 6. Questions about the reasons for not going hunting or fishing, or not going as much as expected, were deleted. 7. Disability of participants questions were taken out. 8. Determination of the types of sites for wildlife watching was discontinued. 9. The birding questions regarding the use of birding life lists and the ability to identify birds based on their sight or sounds were deleted. 10. Public transportation costs were divided into two sections, public transportation by airplane and other public transportation, including trains, buses, and car rentals, etc.. Section IV. Important Instrument Changes in the 2011 Survey 1. The series of boating questions added in 2006 was deleted. 2. Questions about target shooting and the usage of a shooting range in preparation for hunting were added. The types of weapon used at the shooting range were quantified. 3. Questions about plantings expenditures for the purpose of hunting were added. 4. Feral pig was recategorized from big game to other animals for all states except Hawaii. 5. Ptarmigan was included as its own small game category, instead of lumped in other. 6. In previous Surveys, Moose was included as its own category only for Alaska. For 2011, Moose was included as its own big game category, instead of lumped in other, for all fifty states. 7. In previous Surveys, Wolf was included as its own category only for Alaska. For 2011, Wolf was included as its own other animal category, instead of lumped in other, for all fifty states. 8. The household income categories were modified. The top categories were changed from $100,000 or more to $100,000 to $149,999 and $150,000 or more. 9. The Steelhead category was deleted from the saltwater fish species section, with the idea that it would be included in other. 10. The 2006 around-the-home wildlife-watching category that quantified visitors of public parks or areas was rewritten to wildlife watching at parks or natural areas. This change was to make clear that respondents should include recreating at quasi-governmental and private areas. 11. The 2006 wildlife watching equipment category Film and developing was rewritten to Film and photo processing. Regional Trends This trends section covers the period from 1991 to 2011. The 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006, and 2011 Surveys used similar methodologies, making all published information for the five Surveys directly comparable. 60 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table C-1a. Comparison of Wildlife-Related Recreation in the United States: 1991 1996 (U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands. All expenditures in 2011 dollars. 1996 expenditures categories made comparable to 1991) Hunting Participants, days, and expenditures 1991 (number) 1996 (number) 1991 1996 percent change Hunters, total... 14,063 13,975 1 Hunting days, total... 235,806 256,676 9 Hunting expenditures, total... $20,399,152 $29,259,999 43 Fishing Anglers, total... 35,578 35,246 1 Fishing days, total... 511,329 625,893 22 Fishing expenditures, total... $39,669,337 $54,224,581 37 Wildlife Watching Wildlife watchers, total... 76,111 62,868 17 Around the home... 73,904 60,751 18 Away from home... 29,999 23,652 21 Wildlife-watching days, away from home... 342,406 313,790 8 Wildlife-watching expenditures, total... $30,574,499 $36,924,875 21 Not different from zero at the 5 percent level of significance. Table C-1b. Comparison of Wildlife-Related Recreation in the United States: 1996 2001 (U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands. All expenditures in 2011 dollars. 1996 and 2001 expenditures categories made comparable to 1991) Hunting Participants, days, and expenditures 1996 (number) 2001 (number) 1996 2001 percent change Hunters, total... 13,975 13,034 7 Hunting days, total... 256,676 228,368 11 Hunting expenditures, total... $29,259,999 $25,993,960 11 Fishing Anglers, total... 35,246 34,071 3 Fishing days, total... 625,893 557,394 11 Fishing expenditures, total... $54,224,581 $45,076,739 17 Wildlife Watching Wildlife watchers, total... 62,868 66,105 5 Around the home... 60,751 62,928 4 Away from home... 23,652 21,823 8 Wildlife-watching days, away from home... 313,790 372,006 19 Wildlife-watching expenditures, total... $36,924,875 $42,904,872 16 Not different from zero at the 5 percent level of significance. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 61

Table C-1c. Comparison of Wildlife-Related Recreation in the United States: 2001 2006 (U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands. All expenditures in 2011 dollars. 2001 and 2006 expenditures categories made comparable to 1991) Hunting Participants, days, and expenditures 2001 (number) 2006 (number) 2001 2006 percent change Hunters, total... 13,034 12,510 4 Hunting days, total... 228,368 219,925 4 Hunting expenditures, total... $25,993,960 $25,265,523 3 Fishing Anglers, total... 34,071 29,952 12 Fishing days, total... 557,394 516,781 7 Fishing expenditures, total... $45,076,739 $46,909,364 4 Wildlife Watching Wildlife watchers, total... 66,105 71,132 8 Around the home... 62,928 67,756 8 Away from home... 21,823 22,977 5 Wildlife-watching days, away from home... 372,006 352,070 5 Wildlife-watching expenditures, total... $42,904,872 $40,023,078 7 Not different from zero at the 5 percent level of significance. Table C-1d. Comparison of Wildlife-Related Recreation in the United States: 2006 2011 (U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands. All expenditures in 2011 dollars. 2006 and 2011 expenditures categories made comparable to 1991) Hunting Participants, days, and expenditures 2006 (number) 2011 (number) 2006 2011 percent change Hunters, total... 12,510 13,674 9 Hunting days, total... 219,925 281,884 28 Hunting expenditures, total... $25,265,523 $32,579,640 29 Fishing Anglers, total... 29,952 33,112 11 Fishing days, total... 516,781 553,841 7 Fishing expenditures, total... $46,909,364 $41,624,599 11 Wildlife Watching Wildlife watchers, total... 71,132 71,776 1 Around the home... 67,756 68,598 1 Away from home... 22,977 22,496 2 Wildlife-watching days, away from home... 352,070 335,625 5 Wildlife-watching expenditures, total... $40,023,078 $43,636,608 9 Not different from zero at the 5 percent level of significance. 62 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table C-1e. Comparison of Wildlife-Related Recreation in the United States: 1991 2011 (U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands. All expenditures in 2011 dollars. 2011 expenditures categories made comparable to 1991) Hunting Participants, days, and expenditures 1991 (number) 2011 (number) 1991 2011 percent change Hunters, total... 14,063 13,674 3 Hunting days, total... 235,806 281,884 20 Hunting expenditures, total... $20,399,152 $32,579,640 60 Fishing Anglers, total... 35,578 33,112 7 Fishing days, total... 511,329 553,841 8 Fishing expenditures, total... $39,669,337 $41,624,599 5 Wildlife Watching Wildlife watchers, total... 76,111 71,776 6 Around the home... 73,904 68,598 7 Away from home... 29,999 22,496 25 Wildlife-watching days, away from home... 342,406 335,625 2 Wildlife-watching expenditures, total... $30,574,499 $43,636,608 43 Not different from zero at the 5 percent level of significance. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 63

Table C-2. Anglers and Hunters by Census Division: 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006, and 2011 (U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) UNITED STATES Area and sportsperson 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total population... 189,964 100 201,472 100 212,298 100 229,245 100 239,313 100 Sportspersons... 39,979 21 39,694 20 37,805 18 33,916 15 37,397 16 Anglers... 35,578 19 35,246 17 34,067 16 29,952 13 33,112 14 Hunters... 14,063 7 13,975 7 13,034 6 12,510 5 13,674 6 New England Total population... 10,180 100 10,306 100 10,575 100 11,233 100 11,593 100 Sportspersons... 1,658 16 1,673 16 1,504 14 1,353 12 1,441 12 Anglers... 1,545 15 1,520 15 1,402 13 1,246 11 1,355 12 Hunters... 444 4 465 5 386 4 374 3 420 4 Middle Atlantic Total population... 29,216 100 29,371 100 29,806 100 31,518 100 32,392 100 Sportspersons... 4,508 15 4,192 14 3,810 13 3,214 10 3,966 12 Anglers... 3,871 13 3,627 12 3,250 11 2,550 8 3,496 11 Hunters... 1,746 6 1,453 5 1,633 5 1,520 5 1,558 5 East North Central Total population... 32,188 100 33,121 100 34,082 100 35,609 100 36,199 100 Sportspersons... 7,202 22 6,912 21 6,400 19 5,975 17 6,766 19 Anglers... 6,264 19 6,006 18 5,655 17 5,190 15 5,861 16 Hunters... 2,789 9 2,712 8 2,421 7 2,376 7 2,688 7 West North Central Total population... 13,504 100 13,875 100 14,430 100 15,458 100 15,860 100 Sportspersons... 4,143 31 3,977 29 4,239 29 3,836 25 3,980 25 Anglers... 3,647 27 3,416 25 3,836 27 3,284 21 3,591 23 Hunters... 1,709 13 1,917 14 1,710 12 1,779 12 1,661 10 South Atlantic Total population... 33,682 100 36,776 100 39,286 100 43,965 100 46,417 100 Sportspersons... 6,996 21 7,282 20 6,957 18 6,633 15 6,749 15 Anglers... 6,441 19 6,636 18 6,451 16 6,116 14 6,163 13 Hunters... 2,083 6 2,050 6 1,875 5 1,884 4 1,870 4 East South Central Total population... 11,667 100 12,459 100 12,976 100 13,722 100 14,206 100 Sportspersons... 2,984 26 2,907 23 2,865 22 2,689 20 3,010 21 Anglers... 2,635 23 2,514 20 2,543 20 2,436 18 2,444 17 Hunters... 1,279 11 1,301 10 1,164 9 1,101 8 1,531 11 West South Central Total population... 19,926 100 21,811 100 23,337 100 25,407 100 27,195 100 Sportspersons... 5,125 26 5,093 23 4,924 21 4,499 18 4,855 18 Anglers... 4,592 23 4,616 21 4,375 19 3,952 16 4,298 16 Hunters... 1,843 9 1,812 8 1,988 9 1,810 7 1,909 7 Mountain Total population... 10,092 100 11,966 100 13,308 100 15,651 100 17,013 100 Sportspersons... 2,488 25 2,761 23 2,757 21 2,372 15 2,976 17 Anglers... 2,079 21 2,411 20 2,443 18 2,084 13 2,586 15 Hunters... 1,069 11 1,061 9 1,020 8 868 6 1,043 6 Pacific Total population... 29,508 100 31,787 100 34,498 100 36,681 100 38,438 100 Sportspersons... 4,875 17 4,897 15 4,349 13 3,345 9 3,654 10 Anglers... 4,505 15 4,501 14 4,111 12 3,094 8 3,319 9 Hunters... 1,101 4 1,203 4 837 2 798 2 996 3 64 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table C-3. Wildlife-Watching Participants by Census Division: 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006, and 2011 (U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) UNITED STATES Area and wildlife watcher 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total population... 189,964 100 201,472 100 212,298 100 229,245 100 239,313 100 Total wildlife watchers... 76,111 40 62,868 31 66,105 31 71,132 31 71,776 30 Away from home... 29,999 16 23,652 12 21,823 10 22,977 10 22,496 9 Around the home... 73,904 39 60,751 30 62,928 30 67,756 30 68,598 29 New England Total population... 10,180 100 10,306 100 10,575 100 11,233 100 11,593 100 Total wildlife watchers... 4,598 45 3,710 36 3,875 37 4,489 40 3,954 34 Away from home... 1,856 18 1,443 14 1,155 11 1,340 12 1,187 10 Around the home... 4,544 45 3,586 35 3,765 36 4,310 38 3,858 33 Middle Atlantic Total population... 29,216 100 29,371 100 29,806 100 31,518 100 32,392 100 Total wildlife watchers... 10,556 36 8,185 28 8,740 29 8,723 28 9,118 28 Away from home... 4,166 14 2,960 10 2,849 10 2,729 9 2,561 8 Around the home... 10,282 35 8,023 27 8,452 28 8,451 27 8,744 27 East North Central Total population... 32,188 100 33,121 100 34,082 100 35,609 100 36,199 100 Total wildlife watchers... 14,511 45 11,731 35 11,631 34 12,215 34 12,840 35 Away from home... 5,572 17 4,501 14 3,571 10 3,792 11 3,168 9 Around the home... 14,175 44 11,297 34 11,196 33 11,845 33 12,492 35 West North Central Total population... 13,504 100 13,875 100 14,430 100 15,458 100 15,860 100 Total wildlife watchers... 6,924 51 5,089 37 6,206 43 6,741 44 5,479 35 Away from home... 2,654 20 1,927 14 2,059 14 2,163 14 1,783 11 Around the home... 6,722 50 4,900 35 5,938 41 6,447 42 5,201 33 South Atlantic Total population... 33,682 100 36,776 100 39,286 100 43,965 100 46,417 100 Total wildlife watchers... 13,047 39 11,252 31 11,395 29 12,862 29 13,315 29 Away from home... 4,450 13 3,992 11 3,469 9 3,208 7 4,393 9 Around the home... 12,813 38 10,964 30 10,911 28 12,432 28 12,767 28 East South Central Total population... 11,667 100 12,459 100 12,976 100 13,722 100 14,206 100 Total wildlife watchers... 4,864 42 3,904 31 4,514 35 4,931 36 4,663 33 Away from home... 1,592 14 1,118 9 1,086 8 1,758 13 1,456 10 Around the home... 4,765 41 3,795 30 4,390 34 4,683 34 4,394 31 West South Central Total population... 19,926 100 21,811 100 23,337 100 25,407 100 27,195 100 Total wildlife watchers... 7,035 35 5,933 27 5,747 25 6,764 27 7,164 26 Away from home... 2,459 12 2,096 10 1,822 8 2,127 8 1,728 6 Around the home... 6,817 34 5,773 26 5,490 24 6,319 25 7,087 26 Mountain Total population... 10,092 100 11,966 100 13,308 100 15,651 100 17,013 100 Total wildlife watchers... 4,437 44 4,099 34 4,619 35 4,968 32 5,189 30 Away from home... 2,215 22 1,967 16 2,019 15 2,004 13 2,230 13 Around the home... 4,145 41 3,855 32 4,282 32 4,605 29 4,716 28 Pacific Total population... 29,508 100 31,787 100 34,498 100 36,681 100 38,438 100 Total wildlife watchers... 10,139 34 8,966 28 9,377 27 9,439 26 10,054 26 Away from home... 5,035 17 3,648 11 3,793 11 3,856 11 3,990 10 Around the home... 9,641 33 8,558 27 8,504 25 8,664 24 9,337 24 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 65

Appendix D U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 67

Appendix D. Sample Design and Statistical Accuracy This appendix is presented in two parts. The first part is the U.S. Census Bureau Source and Accuracy Statement. This statement describes the sampling design for the 2011 Survey and highlights the steps taken to produce estimates from the completed questionnaires. The statement explains the use of standard errors and confidence intervals. It also provides comprehensive information about errors characteristic of surveys and formulas and parameters to calculate an approximate standard error or confidence interval for each number published in this report. The second part, Tables D-1 through D-9, reports estimates and approximate standard errors for selected measures of participation and expenditures for wildlife-related recreation. Source and Accuracy Statement for the Wyoming State Report of the 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation SOURCE OF DATA The estimates in this report are based on data collected in the 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation (FHWAR) conducted by the Census Bureau and sponsored by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The eligible universe for the FHWAR is the civilian noninstitutionalized and nonbarrack military population living in the United States. The institutionalized population, which is excluded from the population universe, is composed primarily of the population in correctional institutions and nursing homes (98 percent of the 4 million institutionalized people in Census 2010). The 2011 FHWAR was designed to provide state-level estimates of the number of participants in recreational hunting and fishing and in wildlife watching activities (e.g., wildlife observation). Information was collected on the number of participants, where and how often they participated, the type of wildlife encountered, and the amounts of money spent on wildlife-related recreation. The survey was conducted in two stages: an initial screening of households to identify likely sportspersons and wildlife-watching participants and a series of follow-up interviews of selected persons to collect detailed data about their wildlife-related recreation during 2011. SAMPLE DESIGN The 2011 FHWAR sample was selected from the Census Bureau s master address file (MAF). The FHWAR is a multistage probability sample, with coverage in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. 1 In the first stage of the sampling process, primary sampling units (PSUs) are selected for sample. The PSUs are defined to correspond to the Office of Management and Budget definitions of Core Based Statistical Area definitions and to improve efficiency in field operations. The United States is divided into 2,025 PSUs. These PSUs are grouped into 824 strata. Within each stratum, a single PSU is chosen for the sample, with its probability of selection proportional to its population as of the 2000 decennial census. This PSU represents the entire stratum from which it was selected. In the case of strata consisting of only one PSU, the PSU is chosen with certainty. 1 The sample size in the District of Columbia (D.C.) is not of sufficient size to produce reliable estimates for only D.C. The sample responses from D.C. are included in the U.S. totals for complete coverage of the U.S. (excluding Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands). Within the selected PSUs, the FHWAR sample was selected from the MAF. FHWAR Screening Sample The total screening sample in Wyoming consisted of 346 households. Interviewing for the screen was conducted during April, May, and June 2011. Due to a high noncontact rate, an additional personal visit screening interview, for a subsample of noncontact cases, occurred again in February, March, April, or May 2012. Of all housing units in sample, about 298 were determined to be eligible for interview. Interviewers obtained interviews at 227 of these units for a Wyoming response rate of 76 percent. 2 Wyoming s weighted response rate was 80 percent. The interviewers asked screening questions for all household members 6 years old and older. Noninterviews occur when the occupants are not found at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for some other reason. Data for the FHWAR sportspersons sample and wildlife-watchers sample were collected in three waves. 3 The first wave started in April 2011, the second in September 2011, and the third in January 2012. In the sportspersons sample, all persons who hunted or fished in 2011 by the time of the screening interview were interviewed in the first wave. The remaining sportspersons in sample were interviewed in the second wave. The reference period was the preceding 4 months for waves 1 and 2. In wave 3, the reference period was either 4, 8, or 12 months depending on when the sample person was first interviewed. 2 Response rates are calculated by using APPOR s RR2 formula. 3 The sample cases selected due to high noncontact rates were only interviewed once. They received a screener and if they had some form of participation a detailed questionnaire. These participants did not get three waves of interviewing. The reference period for these sampled cases was between 13 and 16 months. 68 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Detailed Samples Two independent detailed samples were chosen from the FHWAR screening sample. One consisted of sportspersons (people who hunt or fish) and the other of wildlife watchers (people who observe, photograph, or feed wildlife). A. Sportspersons The Census Bureau selected the detailed samples based on information reported during the screening phase. Based on information collected from the household respondent, every person 16 years old and older in the FHWAR screening sample was assigned to a sportspersons stratum. The criteria for the strata included time devoted to hunting or fishing in previous years, participation in hunting or fishing in 2011 by the time of the screening interview, and intentions to participate in hunting and fishing activities during the remainder of 2011. 4 The four sportspersons categories were: 1. Active a person who had already participated in hunting or fishing in 2011 at the time of the screener interview. 2. Likely a person who had not participated in 2011 at the time of the screener, but had participated in 2010 OR was likely to participate in 2011. 3. Inactive a person who had not participated in 2010 or 2011 AND was somewhat unlikely to participate in 2011. 4. Nonparticipant a person who had not participated in 2010 or 2011 AND was very unlikely to participate in 2011. Due to the high noncontact rates in wave 1, all persons in the active, likely, and inactive groups were selected with certainty. Active sportspersons were given the detailed interview twice at the time of the screening interview (in April, May, or June 2011) and again in January or February 2012. 5 Likely sportspersons and inactive sportspersons were also interviewed twice 4 The sample cases selected due to high noncontact rates were not assigned a sportsperson stratum. 5 The sample cases selected due to high noncontact rates were given the detailed sportsperson interview once. first in September or October 2011, then in January or February 2012. Persons in the nonparticipant group were not eligible for a detailed interview. About 206 persons were designated for interviews in Wyoming. The detailed sportspersons sample sizes varied by state to get reliable state-level estimates. During each interview period, about 33 percent of the designated persons were not found at home or were unavailable for some other reason. Overall, about 138 detailed sportspersons interviews were completed at a response rate of 67 percent. B. Wildlife Watchers The wildlife-watching detailed sample was also selected based on information reported during the screening phase. Based on information collected from the household respondent, every person 16 years old and older was assigned to a stratum. The criteria for the strata included time devoted to wildlife watching activities in previous years, participation in wildlife watching activities in 2011 by the time of the screening interview, and intentions to participate in wildlife watching activities during the remainder of 2011. 6 The five wildlife-watching categories were: 1. Active a person who had already participated in 2011 at the time of the screening interview. 2. Avid a person who had not yet participated in 2011, but in 2010 had taken trips to participate in wildlife-watching activities for 21 or more days or had spent $300 or more. 3. Average a person who had not yet participated in 2011, but in 2010 had taken trips to wildlife watch for less than 21 days and had spent less than $300 OR had not participated in wildlife-watching activities but was very likely to in the remainder of 2011. 4. Infrequent a person who had not participated in 2010 or 2011, but was somewhat 6 The sample cases selected due to high noncontact rates were not assigned a wildlife watcher stratum. Wildlife-watching participants in these cases were then subsampled into the detailed questionnaire. likely or somewhat unlikely to participate in the remainder of 2011. 5. Nonparticipant a person who had not participated in 2010 or 2011 AND was very unlikely to participate during the remainder of 2011. Persons were selected for the detailed sample based on these groupings, but persons in the nonparticipant group were not eligible for a detailed interview. A subsample of each of the other groups was selected to receive a detailed interview with the chance of selection diminishing as the likelihood of participation diminished. Wildlife-watching participants were given the detailed interview twice. 7 Some received their first detailed interview at the same time as the screening interview (in April, May, or June 2011). The rest received their first detailed interview in September or October 2011. All wildlifewatching participants received their second interview in January or February 2012. Some respondents were given the screener and detailed interview in February, March, April, or May 2012. About 147 persons were designated for interviews in Wyoming. The detailed wildlifewatching sample sizes varied by state to get reliable state-level estimates. During each interview period, about 28 percent of the designated persons were not found at home or were unavailable for some other reason. Overall, about 106 detailed wildlife watcher interviews were completed at a response rate of 72 percent. ESTIMATION PROCEDURE Several stages of adjustments were used to derive the final 2011 FHWAR person weights. A brief description of the major components of the weights is given below. All statistics for the population 6 to 15 years of age were derived from the screening interview. Statistics for the population 16 years old and older come from both the screening and detailed interviews. Estimates that come from the screening sample are presented in Appendix B. 7 The sample cases selected due to high noncontact rates were given the detailed wildlife-watching interview once. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 69

A. Screening Sample Every interviewed person in the screening sample received a screening weight that was the product of the following factors: 1. Base Weight. The base weight is the inverse of the household s probability of selection. 2. Household Noninterview Adjustment. The noninterview adjustment inflates the weight assigned to interviewed households to account for households eligible for interview but for which no interview was obtained. 3. First-Stage Adjustment. The 824 areas designated for our samples were selected from 2,025 such areas of the United States. Some sample areas represent only themselves and are referred to as self-representing. The remaining areas represent other areas similar in selected characteristics and are thus designated non-self-representing. The first-stage factor reduces the component of variation arising from sampling the non-self-representing areas. 4. Second-Stage Adjustment. This adjustment brings the estimates of the total population into agreement with census-based estimates of the civilian noninstitutionalized and nonbarrack military populations for each state. B. Sportspersons Sample Every interviewed person in the sportspersons detailed sample received a weight that was the product of the following factors: 1. Screening Weight. This is the person s final weight from the screening sample. 2. Sportspersons Stratum Adjustment. This factor inflates the weights of persons selected for the detailed sample to account for the subsampling done within each sportsperson stratum. 3. Sportspersons Noninterview Adjustment. This factor adjusts the weights of the interviewed sportspersons to account for sportspersons selected for the detailed sample for whom no interview was obtained. A person was considered a noninterview if he or she was not interviewed in the third wave of interviewing. 4. Sportspersons Ratio Adjustment Factor. This is a ratio adjustment of the detailed sample to the screening sample within the sportspersons sampling strata. This adjustment brings the population estimates of persons aged 16 years old and older from the detailed sample into agreement with the same estimates from the screening sample, which was a much larger sample. C. Wildlife-Watchers Sample Every interviewed person in the wildlife-watchers detailed sample received a weight that was the product of the following factors: 1. Screening Weight. This is the person s final weight from the screening sample. 2. Wildlife-Watchers Stratum Adjustment. This factor inflates the weights of persons selected for the detailed sample to account for the subsampling done within each wildlife watcher stratum. 3. Wildlife-Watchers Noninterview Adjustment. This factor adjusts the weights of the interviewed wildlife-watching participants to account for wildlife watchers selected for the detailed sample for whom no interview was obtained. A person was considered a noninterview if he or she was not interviewed in the third wave of interviewing. 4. Wildlife-Watchers Ratio Adjustment Factor. This is a ratio adjustment of the detailed sample to the screening sample within the wildlife-watchers sampling strata. This adjustment brings the population estimates of persons aged 16 years old and older from the detailed sample into agreement with the same estimates from the screening sample, which was a much larger sample. ACCURACY OF THE ESTIMATES A sample survey estimate has two types of error: sampling and nonsampling. The accuracy of an estimate depends on both types of error. The nature of the sampling error is known given the survey design; the full extent of the nonsampling error is unknown. NOAMPLING ERROR For a given estimator, the difference between the estimate that would result if the sample were to include the entire population and the true population value being estimated is known as nonsampling error. There are several sources of nonsampling error that may occur during the development or execution of the survey. It can occur because of circumstances created by the interviewer, the respondent, the survey instrument, or the way the data are collected and processed. For example, errors could occur because: The interviewer records the wrong answer, the respondent provides incorrect information, the respondent estimates the requested information, or an unclear survey question is misunderstood by the respondent (measurement error). Some individuals who should have been included in the survey frame were missed (coverage error). Responses are not collected from all those in the sample or the respondent is unwilling to provide information (nonresponse error). Values are estimated imprecisely for missing data (imputation error). Forms may be lost; data may be incorrectly keyed, coded, or recoded, etc. (processing error). The Census Bureau employs quality control procedures throughout the production process, including the overall design of surveys, the wording 70 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

of questions, and the review of the work of interviewers and coders to minimize these errors. Two types of nonsampling error that can be examined to a limited extent are nonresponse and undercoverage. Nonresponse. The effect of nonresponse cannot be measured directly, but one indication of its potential effect is the nonresponse rate. For the FHWAR screener interview in Wyoming, the household-level nonresponse rate was 24 percent. The person-level nonresponse rate for the detailed sportsperson interview in Wyoming was an additional 33 percent and for the wildlife watchers it was 28 percent. Since the screener nonresponse rate is a household-level rate and the detailed interview nonresponse rate is a person-level rate, we cannot combine these rates to derive an overall nonresponse rate. Since it is unlikely the nonresponding households to the FHWAR have the same number of persons as the households successfully interviewed, combining these rates would result in an overestimate of the true person-level overall nonresponse rate for the detailed interviews. Coverage. Overall screener undercoverage is estimated to be about 13 percent. Ratio estimation to independent population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the bias due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that missed persons in missed households or missed persons in interviewed households have different characteristics from those of interviewed persons in the same age group. Comparability of Data. Data obtained from the 2011 FHWAR and other sources are not entirely comparable. This results from differences in interviewer training and experience and in differing survey processes. This is an example of nonsampling variability not reflected in the standard errors. Therefore, caution should be used when comparing results from different sources. (See Appendix C.) A Nonsampling Error Warning. Since the full extent of the nonsampling error is unknown, one should be particularly careful when interpreting results based on small differences between estimates. The Census Bureau recommends that data users incorporate information about nonsampling errors into their analyses, as nonsampling error could impact the conclusions drawn from the results. Caution should also be used when interpreting results based on a relatively small number of cases. Summary measures (such as medians and percentage distributions) probably do not reveal useful information when computed on a subpopulation smaller than 90,000 for screener data, 100,000 for the detailed sportsperson data, and 235,000 for the wildlife-watchers data. SAMPLING ERROR Since the FHWAR estimates come from a sample, they may differ from figures from an enumeration of the entire population using the same questionnaires, instructions, and enumerators. For a given estimator, the difference between an estimate based on a sample and the estimate that would result if the sample were to include the entire population is known as sampling error. Standard errors, as calculated by methods described in Standard Errors and Their Use, are primarily measures of the magnitude of sampling error. However, they may include some nonsampling error. Standard Errors and Their Use. The sample estimate and its standard error enable one to construct a confidence interval. A confidence interval is a range that has a known probability of including the average result of all possible samples. For example, if all possible samples were surveyed under essentially the same general conditions and using the same sample design, and if an estimate and its standard error were calculated from each sample, then approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 1.96 standard errors below the estimate to 1.96 standard errors above the estimate would include the average result of all possible samples. A particular confidence interval may or may not contain the average estimate derived from all possible samples. However, one can say with specified confidence that the interval includes the average estimate calculated from all possible samples. Standard errors may also be used to perform hypothesis testing, a procedure for distinguishing between population parameters using sample estimates. The most common type of hypothesis is that the population parameters are different. An example would be comparing the proportion of anglers to the proportion of hunters. Tests may be performed at various levels of significance. A significance level is the probability of concluding that the characteristics are different when, in fact, they are the same. For example, to conclude that two characteristics are different at the 0.05 level of significance, the absolute value of the estimated difference between characteristics must be greater than or equal to 1.96 times the standard error of the difference. This report uses 95-percent confidence intervals and 0.05 level of significance to determine statistical validity. Consult standard statistical textbooks for alternative criteria. Estimating Standard Errors. The Census Bureau uses replication methods to estimate the standard errors of FHWAR estimates. These methods primarily measure the magnitude of sampling error. However, they do measure some effects of nonsampling error as well. They do not measure systematic biases in the data associated with nonsampling error. Bias is the average over all possible samples of the differences between the sample estimates and the true value. Generalized Variance Parameters. While it is possible to compute and present an estimate of the standard error based on the survey data for each estimate in a report, there are a number of reasons why this is not done. A presentation of the individual standard errors would be of limited use, since one could not possibly predict all of the combinations of results that may be of interest to data users. Additionally, data users have access to FHWAR microdata files, and it is impossible to compute in advance the standard error for every estimate one might obtain from those data sets. Moreover, variance estimates are based on sample data and have variances of their own. Therefore, some methods of stabilizing these estimates of variance, for example, by generalizing or averaging over time, may be used to improve their reliability. Experience has shown that certain groups of estimates have similar relationships between their variances and expected values. Modeling or generalizing may provide more stable variance estimates by taking advantage of these similarities. The generalized variance function is a simple model that expresses the variance as a function of the expected value of the survey estimate. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 71

parameters of the generalized variance function are estimated using direct replicate variances. These generalized variance parameters provide a relatively easy method to obtain approximate standard errors for numerous characteristics. Table D-2 provide the generalized variance parameters for FHWAR data. Methods for using the parameters to calculate standard errors of various estimates are given in the next sections. Standard Errors of Estimated Numbers. The approximate standard error, s x, of an estimated number shown in this report can be obtained using the following formulas. Formula (1) is used to calculate the standard errors of levels of sportspersons, anglers, and wildlife watchers. s = 2 x ax + bx (1) Here, x is the size of the estimate and a and b are the parameters in the tables associated with the particular characteristic. Formula (2) is used for standard errors of aggregates, i.e., trips, days, and expenditures. s = 2 x ax + bx + cx y 2 (2) Here, x is again the size of the estimate; y is the base of the estimate; and a, b, and c are the parameters in the tables associated with the particular characteristic. Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of an Estimated Number Suppose there were an estimated 37,397,000 persons age 16 years old and older who either fished or hunted in the United States in 2011. Using formula (1) with the parameters a = 0.000070 and b = 16,823 from table D-2, the approximate standard error of the estimated number of 37,397,000 sportspersons age 16 years old and older is The 95-percent confidence interval for the estimated number of sportspersons 16 years old and older is from 35,968,000 to 38,826,000, i.e., 37,397,000 ± 1.96 x 728,857. Therefore, a conclusion that the average estimate derived from all possible samples lies within a range computed in this way would be correct for roughly 95 percent of all possible samples. Suppose there were an estimated 13,674,000 hunters age 16 years old and older who engaged in 281,884,000 days of participation in 2011. Using formula (2) with the parameters a = 0.000284, b = 127,863, and c = 46,699 from table D-2, the approximate standard error on 281,884,000 estimated days on an estimated base of 13,674,000 hunters is The 95-percent confidence interval on the estimate of 281,884,000 days is from 253,295,000 to 310,473,000, i.e., 281,884,000 ± 1.96 x 14,586,000. Again, a conclusion that the average estimate derived from all possible samples lies within a range computed in this way would be correct for roughly 95 percent of all possible samples. Standard Errors of Estimated Percentages. The reliability of an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and denominator, depends on the size of the percentage and its base. Estimated percentages are relatively more reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerators of the percentages, particularly if the percentages are 50 percent or more. When the numerator and the denominator of the percentage are in different categories, use the parameter in the tables indicated by the numerator. The approximate standard error, s x,p, can be obtained by use of the formula s x, p,p bp( 100 p) = x (3) Here, x is the total number of sportspersons, hunters, etc., which is the base of the percentage; p is the percentage; and b is the parameter in the tables associated with the characteristic in the numerator of the percentage. 72 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of an Estimated Percentage Suppose there were an estimated 13,674,000 hunters age 16 years old and older of whom 18.9 percent hunted migratory birds. From table D-2, the appropriate b parameter is 15,798. Using formula (3), the approximate standard error on the esti- mate of 18.9 percent is Consequently, the 95-percent confidence interval for the estimate percentage of migratory bird hunters 16 years old and older is from 16.3 percent to 21.5 percent, i.e., 18.9 ± 1.96 x 1.33. Standard Error of a Difference. The standard error of the difference between two sample estimates is approximately equal to s = s + s 2 2 x y x y (4) where s x and s y are the standard errors of the estimates x and y. The estimates can be numbers, percentages, ratios, etc. This will represent the actual standard error quite accurately for the difference between estimates of the same characteristic in two different areas, or for the difference between separate and uncorrelated characteristics in the same area. However, if there is a high positive (negative) correlation between the two characteristics, the formula will overestimate (underestimate) the true standard error. Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of a Difference Suppose there were an estimated 13,608,000 females in the age range of 18-24 of whom 726,000 or 5.3 percent were sportspersons. Similarly, suppose there were an estimated 12,909,000 males in the same age range of whom 2,160,000 or 16.7 percent were sportspersons. The apparent difference between the percentage of female and male sportspersons is 11.4 percent. Using formula (3) and the appropriate b parameter from table D-2, the approximate standard errors of 5.3 percent and 16.7 percent are 0.79 and 1.35, respectively. Using formula (4), the approximate standard error of the estimated difference of 11.4 percent is The 95-percent confidence interval on the difference between 18- to 24-year-old female and male sportspersons is from 8.3 to 14.5, i.e., 11.4 ± 1.96 x 1.56. Since the interval does not contain zero, we can conclude with 95 percent confidence that the percentage of 18- to 24-year-old female sportspersons is less than the percentage of 18- to 24-year-old male sportspersons. Standard Errors of Estimated Averages. Certain mean values for sportspersons, anglers, etc., shown in the report were calculated as the ratio of two numbers. For example, average days per angler is calculated as: x y total days = total anglers Standard errors for these averages may be approximated by the use of formula (5) below. x s s s r ss x y= y x + y 2 xy (5) In formula (5), r represents the correlation coefficient between the numerator and the denominator of the estimate. In the above formula, use 0.7 as an estimate of r. 2 2 x y x y Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of an Estimated Average Suppose that the estimated number of the average days per angler age 16 years old and older for all fishing was 16.7 days. Using formulas (1) and (2) above, we compute the standard error on total days, 553,841,000, and total anglers, 33,112,000, to be 20,329,124 and 693,033, respectively. The approximate standard error on the estimated average of 16.7 days is Therefore, the 95-percent confidence interval on the estimated average of 16.7 days is from 15.8 to 17.6, i.e., 16.7 ± 1.96 x 0.45. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 73

Table D 1. Approximate Standard Errors of Resident Anglers, Days of Fishing by State Residents, and Expenditures for Fishing by State Residents (Numbers in thousands) State Participation Spenders Days Expenditures in dollars Estimate Standard error Estimate Standard error Estimate Standard error Estimate Standard error Alabama... 516 57 504 57 10,176 1,516 353,352 89,051 Alaska... 211 16 210 16 3,121 702 283,792 81,203 Arizona... 586 71 576 71 5,283 1,014 800,892 234,202 Arkansas... 467 73 429 70 15,141 4,103 427,997 192,997 California... 1,700 127 1,668 126 25,662 4,251 2,407,827 534,480 Colorado... 666 56 660 56 8,726 1,330 587,110 134,300 Connecticut... 340 36 335 36 5,713 979 501,922 143,300 Delaware... 92 9 84 9 1,681 774 53,904 21,099 Florida... 1,991 137 1,866 134 49,500 9,419 3,767,291 740,646 Georgia... 844 86 796 84 9,061 1,162 708,539 271,868 Hawaii... 107 10 99 10 1,739 297 183,067 60,275 Idaho... 289 51 258 49 2,424 688 214,435 98,860 Illinois... 1,236 135 1,189 133 15,614 1,664 1,438,080 272,550 Indiana... 786 82 757 81 21,542 6,448 649,164 199,166 Iowa... 522 45 506 44 6,909 1,283 400,613 139,248 Kansas... 434 47 382 45 4,694 1,260 271,039 97,386 Kentucky... 492 68 459 66 10,245 2,494 748,710 204,830 Louisiana... 733 86 642 82 18,351 6,126 614,348 223,976 Maine... 197 23 191 23 2,915 646 175,364 54,699 Maryland... 410 43 388 41 5,676 1,121 675,969 200,533 Massachusetts... 457 31 436 31 9,166 1,823 464,082 103,476 Michigan... 1,465 155 1,379 151 26,744 4,434 2,270,407 690,623 Minnesota... 1,328 131 1,301 130 24,903 3,462 2,152,446 566,142 Mississippi... 603 81 557 79 8,700 1,493 492,876 196,856 Missouri... 870 66 814 64 14,448 1,854 504,652 101,573 Montana... 192 27 189 27 3,263 909 385,305 169,026 Nebraska... 197 20 193 20 2,924 684 177,859 59,964 Nevada... 156 18 154 17 2,044 336 180,624 44,049 New Hampshire... 164 21 159 20 4,155 1,448 251,615 94,985 New Jersey... 679 54 633 53 9,578 1,856 1,208,259 233,487 New Mexico... 232 28 224 28 3,868 646 383,861 89,540 New York... 1,809 164 1,699 159 29,112 6,898 1,998,582 806,095 North Carolina... 1,307 100 1,196 96 23,491 3,757 1,475,942 312,448 North Dakota... (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Ohio.................. 1,435 132 1,287 126 19,116 2,906 2,084,348 790,163 Oklahoma... 744 89 678 86 8,661 1,585 789,216 272,608 Oregon... 386 48 386 48 4,673 897 424,004 78,075 Pennsylvania... 1,008 129 849 119 9,926 2,581 401,294 104,696 Rhode Island... 93 7 87 7 1,764 416 96,538 28,169 South Carolina... 574 67 545 66 11,459 2,626 878,388 385,347 South Dakota... 164 27 164 27 3,649 933 185,669 70,106 Tennessee... 833 83 799 82 17,834 5,611 1,393,250 371,233 Texas... 2,355 251 2,079 238 34,735 12,578 1,711,265 451,117 Utah... 351 34 342 34 5,612 991 381,829 105,114 Vermont... 105 12 103 12 1,885 466 64,264 34,423 Virginia... 707 61 663 59 10,342 3,032 888,554 202,725 Washington... 914 73 893 72 17,818 5,660 1,190,626 328,230 West Virginia... 239 27 237 27 4,767 1,239 443,057 193,337 Wisconsin... 938 99 938 99 15,320 2,946 1,058,160 292,733 Wyoming... 115 13 113 13 2,170 400 115,501 29,110 (NA) Not available. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia. 74 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table D 2. Approximate Standard Errors of Resident Hunters, Days of Hunting by State Residents, and Expenditures for Hunting by State Residents (Numbers in thousands) State Participation Spenders Days Expenditures in dollars Estimate Standard error Estimate Standard error Estimate Standard error Estimate Standard error Alabama... 492 53 455 51 10,393 1,625 839,960 224,100 Alaska... 106 11 106 11 1,071 220 365,926 121,954 Arizona... 259 43 259 43 3,157 1,199 383,974 138,536 Arkansas... 320 73 316 73 10,689 2,707 947,623 448,460 California... 467 51 451 50 8,036 1,562 1,067,043 287,163 Colorado... 160 24 160 24 1,806 552 288,719 97,414 Connecticut... 82 13 82 13 1,348 602 366,741 166,007 Delaware... 23 3 21 3 451 262 60,848 30,161 Florida... 329 42 320 41 6,636 1,892 939,600 277,470 Georgia... 309 45 303 44 7,992 2,731 752,267 345,361 Hawaii... 23 4 23 4 786 328 55,666 23,851 Idaho... 162 27 162 27 2,009 1,012 182,948 88,148 Illinois... 512 100 507 99 7,786 1,648 1,265,876 374,926 Indiana... 377 63 368 62 10,902 3,530 209,736 75,017 Iowa... 216 31 211 31 4,158 1,495 424,907 160,555 Kansas... 177 30 176 30 4,144 1,671 296,342 116,392 Kentucky... 316 52 312 51 11,959 3,404 768,353 262,787 Louisiana... 291 36 270 35 6,672 2,441 657,110 250,820 Maine... 141 21 134 20 2,410 422 163,222 63,693 Maryland... 88 19 88 19 1,418 448 278,697 121,312 Massachusetts... 66 11 66 11 1,402 406 128,540 47,031 Michigan... 507 84 507 84 11,217 2,251 2,398,864 730,996 Minnesota... 475 53 468 52 7,944 1,943 1,072,204 336,451 Mississippi... 436 70 436 70 8,755 2,087 815,823 331,464 Missouri... 495 54 475 53 9,437 1,219 772,614 225,991 Montana... 108 20 107 20 2,158 444 496,374 185,967 Nebraska... 115 16 115 16 1,576 376 543,421 206,253 Nevada... 49 10 49 10 893 229 141,828 60,308 New Hampshire... 44 6 43 6 1,330 691 47,328 21,720 New Jersey... 115 15 110 15 2,921 1,033 222,544 67,231 New Mexico... 68 8 67 8 911 479 125,291 53,414 New York... 739 89 733 89 17,741 4,707 1,490,461 706,094 North Carolina... 317 53 295 51 8,133 1,840 635,322 209,378 North Dakota... (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Ohio.................. 528 78 519 77 8,966 1,833 715,707 358,642 Oklahoma... 219 40 169 35 5,201 2,147 340,188 182,827 Oregon... 181 32 178 32 2,264 512 219,069 51,869 Pennsylvania... 703 91 687 90 17,826 5,097 942,880 262,999 Rhode Island... 17 2 17 2 311 112 26,131 10,110 South Carolina... 238 36 238 36 4,239 1,073 418,461 189,013 South Dakota... 133 28 133 28 2,880 1,009 245,326 94,842 Tennessee... 286 32 278 31 9,595 4,531 386,714 142,545 Texas... 1,080 148 1,036 145 19,848 7,946 1,696,128 601,706 Utah... 161 25 161 25 2,618 609 363,040 110,650 Vermont... 71 10 69 10 1,614 474 301,144 181,982 Virginia... 354 63 352 63 10,306 3,522 887,041 241,384 Washington... 218 25 218 25 2,756 903 482,244 160,283 West Virginia... 211 23 211 23 3,254 686 446,272 167,171 Wisconsin... 763 94 759 94 10,219 2,142 2,258,882 665,515 Wyoming... 76 12 76 12 1,170 199 149,128 39,991 (NA) Not available. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 75

Table D 3. Approximate Standard Errors of Resident Away-From-Home Participants, Days of Away-From- Home Participants by State Residents, and Trip-Related Expenditures for Away-From-Home Activities by State Residents (Numbers in thousands) State Participation Spenders Days Expenditures in dollars Estimate Standard error Estimate Standard error Estimate Standard error Estimate Standard error Alabama... 340 63 171 46 1,526 710 93,185 55,424 Alaska... 118 14 100 13 1,781 530 51,579 20,299 Arizona... 534 57 489 54 9,488 2,322 433,685 132,310 Arkansas... 120 32 102 29 1,354 613 24,866 15,765 California... 2,675 226 2,382 215 28,143 4,396 2,331,567 573,878 Colorado... 621 79 594 78 5,702 1,569 506,713 190,036 Connecticut... 385 47 348 45 9,821 2,190 494,628 115,287 Delaware... 71 8 64 8 1,622 476 95,861 31,598 Florida... 1,363 161 1,239 154 11,434 2,060 1,206,226 382,981 Georgia... 1,008 147 980 146 34,530 22,650 1,605,397 844,468 Hawaii... 103 14 90 13 2,824 967 51,761 19,174 Idaho... 220 41 207 40 3,610 1,889 81,801 42,573 Illinois... 652 86 455 73 6,149 1,873 526,970 203,522 Indiana... 477 66 408 61 3,483 827 404,132 192,082 Iowa... 215 40 192 38 3,248 1,272 227,914 48,811 Kansas... 168 35 135 32 1,157 338 48,036 16,183 Kentucky... 298 45 272 43 2,686 1,010 93,567 39,353 Louisiana... 221 34 192 32 4,993 2,286 442,317 278,361 Maine... 110 20 91 18 4,792 2,262 49,014 18,927 Maryland... 392 35 351 33 4,498 1,142 293,681 95,705 Massachusetts... 453 48 404 45 9,269 1,970 272,223 60,839 Michigan... 855 134 806 131 9,981 3,136 390,960 137,694 Minnesota... 483 98 362 86 7,522 2,719 468,161 186,975 Mississippi... 135 38 110 35 4,364 2,072 68,752 23,862 Missouri... 622 85 605 84 9,364 2,829 427,866 132,714 Montana... 96 16 78 15 1,409 473 143,443 54,829 Nebraska... 150 26 146 26 2,564 1,099 145,444 77,436 Nevada... 191 43 165 41 2,522 612 173,529 62,184 New Hampshire... 89 14 84 14 1,357 323 59,358 14,898 New Jersey... 564 53 476 49 8,083 1,859 576,828 189,985 New Mexico... 200 29 166 26 4,589 1,403 131,576 47,280 New York... 1,263 210 1,136 200 25,120 7,037 1,514,114 647,118 North Carolina... 505 115 456 109 8,750 3,254 615,949 230,280 North Dakota... (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) Ohio.................. 730 78 695 76 7,285 1,832 188,675 64,962 Oklahoma... 411 43 394 42 3,128 767 120,334 59,569 Oregon... 401 50 377 48 6,515 2,090 507,648 186,210 Pennsylvania... 734 158 493 131 7,801 2,708 86,767 33,193 Rhode Island... 66 9 65 9 988 312 88,059 30,587 South Carolina... 219 58 198 55 3,138 1,278 145,758 55,107 South Dakota... 108 13 92 12 1,151 493 35,834 13,244 Tennessee... 682 147 630 142 6,346 2,031 306,802 78,400 Texas... 977 158 879 150 10,885 4,487 335,013 117,313 Utah... 263 35 252 34 2,985 579 129,357 44,742 Vermont... 85 16 65 14 2,042 539 24,749 6,911 Virginia... 553 83 518 81 4,854 1,049 354,336 110,249 Washington... 693 122 659 119 12,377 3,413 415,979 121,660 West Virginia... 255 77 251 76 3,337 1,742 132487 81,458 Wisconsin... 453 85 327 74 5,737 2,848 268,866 156,056 Wyoming... 104 11 95 11 1,276 413 51,858 18,170 (NA) Not available. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia. 76 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table D 4. Parameters a and b for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors of Sportspersons, Anglers, Hunters, and Wildlife-Watching Participants (These parameters are to be used only to calculate estimates of standard errors for characteristics developed from the screening sample) State United States, total... 6 years old and older 6 to 15 years old only a b a b 0.000043 12,272 0.000387 15,783 Alabama.... Alaska... Arizona... Arkansas... California... 0.001517 0.001275 0.000765 0.001766 0.000236 6,503 795 4,622 4,647 7,936 0.009621 0.010120 0.003646 0.014655 0.002632 5,974 986 3,484 5,761 13,492 Colorado... Connecticut... Delaware... Florida.... Georgia... 0.000805 0.000429 0.000758 0.000354 0.000756 3,719 1,384 614 6,040 6,717 0.006685 0.004817 0.009410 0.004700 0.003496 4,508 2,149 1,051 10,400 4,981 Hawaii... Idaho... Illinois... Indiana... Iowa... 0.000603 0.001708 0.000633 0.000849 0.000988 694 2,389 7,425 4,951 2,714 0.007618 0.017208 0.005382 0.012557 0.008723 1,184 3,904 9,348 10,925 3,356 Kansas... Kentucky... Louisiana... Maine... Maryland... 0.001014 0.001476 0.000840 0.001824 0.000570 2,584 5,802 3,418 2,210 2,976 0.009102 0.009316 0.014093 0.016808 0.008290 3,499 5,165 8,744 2,441 6,120 Massachusetts... Michigan... Minnesota... Mississippi... Missouri... 0.000394 0.001153 0.001905 0.001191 0.000858 2,406 10,458 9,166 3,137 4,672 0.003000 0.009872 0.015878 0.012208 0.004859 2,365 12,626 10,749 5,053 3,768 Montana... Nebraska... Nevada... New Hampshire... New Jersey... 0.001690 0.001546 0.000431 0.000920 0.000359 1,418 2,519 1,029 1,125 2,868 0.015626 0.015670 0.007455 0.015100 0.003386 1,816 3,805 2,739 2,356 3,831 New Mexico... New York... North Carolina... North Dakota... Ohio................................... 0.000706 0.000416 0.000905 (NA) 0.000807 1,294 7,444 7,706 (NA) 8,454 0.006025 0.005818 0.008882 (NA) 0.006870 1,703 13,956 11,091 (NA) 10,159 Oklahoma... Oregon... Pennsylvania... Rhode Island... South Carolina... 0.001132 0.001359 0.000593 0.000308 0.000739 3,772 4,806 6,843 300 3,060 0.008501 0.010991 0.005995 0.003287 0.005611 4,297 5,226 9,017 405 3,303 South Dakota... Tennessee... Texas... Utah... Vermont... 0.001620 0.000730 0.000807 0.001050 0.001401 1,194 4,204 18,178 2,638 811 0.034414 0.003532 0.004712 0.008515 0.014942 3,643 2,887 18,120 4,056 1,003 Virginia.... Washington... West Virginia... Wisconsin... Wyoming... 0.000533 0.000640 0.001618 0.002449 0.002057 3,805 3,938 2,714 12,656 1,013 0.004771 0.006644 0.015297 0.016762 0.029622 4,816 5,691 3,266 11,855 2,038 (NA) Not available. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 77

Table D 5. Parameters a and b for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors for Levels for the Detailed Sportspersons Sample State United States, total... Sportspersons and anglers 16 years old and older Hunters 16 years old and older a b a b 0.000070 16,823 0.000066 15,798 Alabama.... Alaska...... Arizona..... Arkansas.... California... 0.002013 0.003854 0.001928 0.006403 0.000352 7,375 2,028 9,801 14,328 10,066 0.001789 0.002828 0.001483 0.008765 0.000199 6,556 1,488 7,539 19,615 5,673 Colorado.... Connecticut... Delaware... Florida..... Georgia..... 0.001432 0.001549 0.001485 0.000737 0.001334 5,651 4,309 1,038 10,943 9,948 0.000959 0.000814 0.000692 0.000364 0.000897 3,784 2,264 484 5,407 6,692 Hawaii..... Idaho... Illinois..... Indiana..... Iowa... 0.001157 0.010247 0.001679 0.002038 0.002068 1,151 12,009 16,769 10,118 4,887 0.000846 0.004564 0.002058 0.002294 0.002076 842 5,348 20,557 11,391 4,905 Kansas..... Kentucky... Louisiana... Maine...... Maryland... 0.002932 0.003245 0.003723 0.003040 0.001084 6,342 10,954 12,838 3,241 4,855 0.002590 0.002763 0.001421 0.003340 0.000949 5,602 9,328 4,899 3,561 4,252 Massachusetts... Michigan... Minnesota... Mississippi... Missouri.... 0.000437 0.002590 0.004611 0.006731 0.001315 2,325 20,167 19,060 14,944 6,139 0.000367 0.001899 0.001598 0.006339 0.001437 1,950 14,792 6,606 14,075 6,706 Montana.... Nebraska... Nevada..... New Hampshire... New Jersey... 0.006507 0.001667 0.001056 0.002879 0.000704 5,056 2,313 2,136 3,070 4,827 0.005775 0.001801 0.001108 0.000896 0.000287 4,488 2,498 2,241 956 1,967 New Mexico... New York... North Carolina.... North Dakota..... Ohio..................................... 0.002617 0.001079 0.001281 (NA) 0.001605 4,059 16,730 9,305 (NA) 14,444 0.000648 0.000725 0.001279 (NA) 0.001351 1,006 11,247 9,290 (NA) 12,159 Oklahoma... Oregon..... Pennsylvania.... Rhode Island.... South Carolina.... 0.005114 0.002276 0.001820 0.000764 0.002655 14,461 6,968 18,266 649 9,438 0.002771 0.001995 0.001269 0.000291 0.001677 7,836 6,108 12,740 247 5,961 South Dakota... Tennessee... Texas..... Utah... Vermont... 0.009550 0.002018 0.001644 0.001969 0.003247 6,028 9,981 30,704 4,009 1,662 0.011761 0.000754 0.001150 0.002043 0.003046 7,424 3,728 21,490 4,159 1,559 Virginia.... Washington... West Virginia... Wisconsin... Wyoming... 0.000965 0.001320 0.002455 0.002985 0.004945 5,920 6,986 3,594 13,311 2,095 0.001933 0.000561 0.001928 0.003141 0.005055 11,864 2,971 2,822 14,006 2,141 (NA) Not available. 78 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table D 6. Parameters a, b, and c for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors for Expenditures for the Detailed Sportspersons Sample State United States, total.... Sportspersons and anglers 16 years old and older Hunters 16 years old and older a b c a b c 0.001159 575,615 45,670 0.001923 978,460 44,416 Alabama..... Alaska... Arizona...... Arkansas..... California.... 0.021918 0.068721 0.072204 0.190512 0.041958 163,227 3,823 64,996 51,366 323,332 21,197 2,765 7,713 5,554 11,979 0.026237 0.086885 0.112668 0.208269 0.056429 310,700 80,157 32,711 3,305 1,177,647 20,618 2,587 4,512 4,958 6,717 Colorado..... Connecticut... Delaware.... Florida...... Georgia...... 0.038767 0.062963 0.138101 0.031125 0.133758 15,704 54,211 7,091 129,668 35,054 8,931 6,250 1,280 13,980 10,761 0.080446 0.156423 0.206480 0.044416 0.180457 49,174 403,680 291 273,423 30,025 5,370 4,065 823 13,786 9,196 Hawaii...... Idaho.... Illinois... Indiana...... Iowa... 0.099271 0.197816 0.016086 0.084408 0.110741 1,810 5,230 95,430 56,304 6,756 905 3,806 23,661 7,293 5,107 0.154210 0.216778 0.059422 0.113115 0.110417 1,865 170,971 369,151 42,035 42,038 677 2,339 14,496 5,378 6,849 Kansas...... Kentucky.... Louisiana.... Maine... Maryland.... 0.119262 0.032291 0.125543 0.073133 0.069557 8,287 262,907 72,794 64,912 8,036 3,770 19,693 4,657 4,685 7,163 0.130458 0.050336 0.123353 0.133009 0.119862 38,144 549,944 129,712 24,957 92,688 4,212 21,014 6,086 2,602 6,155 Massachusetts.... Michigan.... Minnesota.... Mississippi... Missouri.... 0.041124 0.071988 0.056048 0.143495 0.027623 13,503 130,103 43,079 50,131 7,268 3,733 28,404 17,112 8,984 10,503 0.092555 0.026267 0.064508 0.146486 0.066759 231 153,883 189,054 14,053 24,068 2,727 33,794 15,975 8,097 8,944 Montana.... Nebraska..... Nevada..... New Hampshire... New Jersey... 0.178611 0.100459 0.040428 0.127497 0.027546 16,817 1,618 34,230 6,106 11,544 2,622 2,551 2,962 2,383 6,195 0.105263 0.119872 0.141457 0.176749 0.036515 209,610 19,296 114,260 14,447 45,032 3,801 2,785 1,968 1,443 6,045 New Mexico..... New York... North Carolina... North Dakota.... Ohio......................................... 0.036052 0.152342 0.029116 (NA) 0.128010 17,835 343,859 209,241 (NA) 37,131 4,123 17,854 18,945 (NA) 20,232 0.147509 0.209665 0.064157 (NA) 0.216544 35,750 176,671 163,564 (NA) 1,019,186 2,313 10,911 13,190 (NA) 18,675 Oklahoma.... Oregon... Pennsylvania.... Rhode Island.... South Carolina... 0.098427 0.010568 0.039841 0.077596 0.180012 170,608 7,416 43,889 203.9579 120,717 14,307 9,002 24,057 657 6,857 0.276027 0.011236 0.037830 0.110230 0.181351 126,332 96,792 316,859 39,344 87,421 2,101 7,900 27,692 696 5,445 South Dakota.... Tennessee.... Texas.... Utah... Vermont.... 0.114248 0.051884 0.049244 0.063366 0.271264 43,160 61,213 64,415 20,537 10,725 4,683 15,306 42,177 4,266 1,629 0.102506 0.073335 0.077228 0.066238 0.339375 203,831 522,076 819,919 2,994 128,675 6,355 17,760 50,873 4,293 1,810 Virginia..... Washington..... West Virginia... Wisconsin.... Wyoming.... 0.034590 0.067952 0.173583 0.045614 0.037366 93,405 22,119 44,746 215,022 31,308 11,648 7,169 4,014 29,192 2,986 0.037134 0.080042 0.117366 0.057107 0.032006 222,277 119,224 52,107 164,685 10,196 13,083 6,687 4,868 22,483 3,038 (NA) Not available. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 79

Table D 7. Parameters a, b, and c for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors for Days or Trips for the Detailed Sportspersons Sample State United States, total.... Sportspersons and anglers 16 years old and older Hunters 16 years old and older a b c a b c 0.000068 160,414 51,951 0.000284 127,863 46,699 Alabama..... Alaska... Arizona...... Arkansas..... California.... 0.006409 0.040044 0.010858 0.029081 0.018455 33,141 1,378 12,760 47,335 62,656 16,434 2,306 16,639 22,178 11,126 0.001309 0.014819 0.094988 0.069327 0.002617 24,163 3,686 10,415 298,461 35,822 13,815 3,262 13,604 51,645 14,331 Colorado..... Connecticut... Delaware.... Florida...... Georgia...... 0.012264 0.010321 0.202009 0.030335 0.016400 4,831 20,427 718 13,138 22,749 7,675 7,687 940 12,228 29,830 0.057492 0.178663 0.322859 0.050279 0.034924 4,094 1,319 120 17,145 19,534 6,123 1,609 316 11,045 26,050 Hawaii... Idaho.... Illinois... Indiana....... Iowa... 0.011790 0.044270 0.005565 0.079426 0.012302 1,565 113 7,990 2,044 22,937 1,950 10,482 21,553 8,077 13,314 0.134936 0.221214 0.015684 0.088709 0.074986 560 2,323 60,913 7,770 46,595 912 5,468 34,960 5,819 14,146 Kansas... Kentucky.... Louisiana.... Maine....... Maryland.... 0.061820 0.023655 0.105459 0.026901 0.023534 2,259 6,641 53,216 3,659 8,872 4,674 17,832 2,251 4,612 6,975 0.158439 0.015712 0.124945 0.011197 0.039987 10,639 15,751 55,464 41,449 4,806 277 21,050 167 8,337 5,572 Massachusetts.... Michigan.... Minnesota.... Mississippi... Missouri..... 0.032450 0.006455 0.000310 0.001714 0.004697 2,312 21,327 20,823 39,317 8,884 3,371 31,990 26,365 19,444 10,776 0.038816 0.023017 0.008351 0.020445 0.002402 2,548 23,908 106,597 27,887 9,637 3,080 33,169 30,823 17,239 8,938 Montana..... Nebraska.... Nevada...... New Hampshire... New Jersey... 0.055324 0.037329 0.005007 0.112057 0.030384 1,581 2,510 8,090 177 392 4,356 3,593 4,055 1,530 4,901 0.059715 0.034127 0.008052 0.259509 0.103886 48,367 72 600 1,299 9 13,442 2,640 2,787 402 2,432 New Mexico..... New York... North Carolina... North Dakota.... Ohio... 0.011244 0.046461 0.013151 (NA) 0.008805 8,297 16,384 7,442 (NA) 44,579 9,568 18,549 16,655 (NA) 17,178 0.230217 0.060195 0.007341 (NA) 0.000533 2,553 14,380 5,733 (NA) 55,316 3,300 6,931 18,773 (NA) 25,603 Oklahoma.... Oregon...... Pennsylvania.... Rhode Island.... South Carolina... 0.010053 0.017087 0.050758 0.046582 0.039217 17,862 5,837 16,535 1,416 3,630 15,896 8,095 18,668 914 7,815 0.135080 0.009877 0.056836 0.102558 0.020949 27,988 8,838 15,548 994 8,305 6,568 8,179 18,131 499 10,720 South Dakota.... Tennessee.... Texas.... Utah... Vermont..... 0.000329 0.084448 0.114686 0.009602 0.042093 9,205 9,998 85,855 5,402 2,395 11,194 12,576 44,518 7,922 2,132 0.070309 0.203468 0.128279 0.007556 0.067655 4,221 3,342 71,291 7,585 2,349 7,158 5,689 38,430 7,951 1,435 Virginia...... Washington... West Virginia.... Wisconsin.... Wyoming.... 0.079698 0.095993 0.042905 0.014256 0.003362 778 3,056 11,238 12,514 3,606 4,363 4,652 6,458 22,081 4,480 0.112100 0.084185 0.012519 0.021117 0.030790 9,122 13,640 13,442 19,455 4,007 1,340 6,129 7,608 18,855 4,809 (NA) Not available. 80 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

Table D 8. Parameters a and b for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors for Levels of Wildlife-Watching Participants for the Detailed Wildlife-Watching Sample State United States, total... Away from home participants Wildlife watching participants 1 a b a b 0.000134 32,078 0.000119 28,477 Alabama... Alaska... Arizona... Arkansas... California... 0.003523 0.004221 0.001319 0.003939 0.000739 12,908 2,221 6,703 8,814 21,116 0.009869 0.005350 0.001925 0.003938 0.000937 36,163 2,815 9,787 8,814 26,764 Colorado... Connecticut... Delaware... Florida... Georgia... 0.003019 0.002392 0.001438 0.001411 0.003335 11,913 6,653 1,005 20,956 24,875 0.003309 0.002609 0.002547 0.001591 0.007832 13,057 7,256 1,780 23,634 58,421 Hawaii... Idaho... Illinois... Indiana... Iowa... 0.002051 0.007948 0.001219 0.002020 0.003386 2,041 9,315 12,172 10,030 8,000 0.001805 0.008539 0.001994 0.006775 0.003220 1,797 10,006 19,916 33,637 7,607 Kansas... Kentucky... Louisiana... Maine... Maryland... 0.003728 0.002201 0.001619 0.003739 0.000762 8,064 7,431 5,582 3,986 3,414 0.003222 0.005428 0.009544 0.006455 0.001982 6,969 18,327 32,914 6,881 8,879 Massachusetts... Michigan... Minnesota... Mississippi... Missouri... 0.001036 0.003032 0.005468 0.005131 0.002842 5,512 23,610 22,603 11,393 13,264 0.001839 0.003331 0.006274 0.005454 0.003139 9,783 25,940 25,934 12,110 14,653 Montana... Nebraska... Nevada... New Hampshire... New Jersey... 0.004110 0.003608 0.005369 0.002275 0.000795 3,194 5,004 10,865 2,425 5,449 0.004772 0.004078 0.004111 0.002428 0.001272 3,708 5,656 8,319 2,589 8,715 New Mexico... New York... North Carolina... North Dakota... Ohio............................................. 0.003021 0.002450 0.003857 (NA) 0.001006 4,686 37,975 28,014 (NA) 9,055 0.004748 0.002910 0.004098 (NA) 0.003043 7,364 45,114 29,769 (NA) 27,382 Oklahoma... Oregon... Pennsylvania... Rhode Island... South Carolina... 0.001850 0.002304 0.003639 0.001580 0.004536 5,230 7,055 36,519 1,340 16,126 0.005081 0.004554 0.004874 0.001829 0.004877 14,367 13,942 48,914 1,552 17,337 South Dakota... Tennessee... Texas... Utah... Vermont... 0.002833 0.007450 0.001436 0.002560 0.007044 1,788 36,840 26,817 5,211 3,605 0.013684 0.004097 0.001909 0.002329 0.006399 8,638 20,260 35,657 4,741 3,275 Virginia... Washington... West Virginia... Wisconsin... Wyoming... 0.002247 0.004645 0.019113 0.004020 0.003576 13,787 24,585 27,981 17,926 1,515 0.002743 0.003371 0.015998 0.005124 0.004694 16,828 17,846 23,421 22,851 1,988 (NA) Not available 1 Use these parameters for total wildlife-watching participants and around-the-home participants. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming 81

Table D 9. Parameters a, b, and c for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors for Expenditures and Days or Trips for Wildlife-Watching Sample State United States, total... Expenditures Days or trips a b c a b c 0.001308 1,548,024 112,362 0.002307 826,023 54,100 Alabama... Alaska... Arizona... Arkansas.... California... 0.292431 0.108738 0.077675 0.313406 0.048430 9,893 34,916 4,716 11,247 43,155 10,505 4,682 7,536 9,078 28,990 0.079778 0.016446 0.027772 0.062790 0.006079 174,629 58,833 286,426 194,867 38,139 61,748 12,421 30,687 34,370 52,624 Colorado... Connecticut... Delaware... Florida... Georgia... 0.124349 0.007486 0.061895 0.083730 0.249488 14,729 436,089 18,947 104,408 25,092 9,702 16,607 3,005 21,053 26,678 0.026976 0.024420 0.074027 0.007541 0.050793 183,987 125,914 13,351 194,343 3,332,773 10,254 23,606 10,785 57,112 479,805 Hawaii... Idaho... Illinois... Indiana... Iowa... 0.120445 0.223371 0.107605 0.193872 0.021305 32,991 147,314 13,356 322,885 94,648 1,567 10,203 18,919 13,396 4,636 0.083382 0.062345 0.044699 0.040883 0.079467 9,149 258,027 354,008 166,121 75,095 3,825 89,698 68,862 69,136 20,869 Kansas... Kentucky... Louisiana... Maine... Maryland... 0.072491 0.157856 0.362140 0.094142 0.095353 6,025 96,510 107,638 35,394 39,360 5,519 5,459 6,464 5,069 3,760 0.013518 0.029898 0.246426 0.150679 0.020442 72,502 95,012 368,942 50,401 46,263 27,154 43,749 24,469 9,088 37,328 Massachusetts... Michigan... Minnesota... Mississippi... Missouri... 0.014009 0.072396 0.096860 0.040018 0.077023 163,624 489 27,052 23,616 29,229 14,762 41,625 22,699 8,811 11,649 0.020104 0.046186 0.018847 0.060202 0.021741 59,530 1,002,661 405,415 43,904 290,522 32,483 40,953 80,062 39,904 62,546 Montana... Nebraska... Nevada... New Hampshire... New Jersey... 0.102248 0.250670 0.100312 0.024368 0.089631 27,322 146,886 90,487 13,607 120,587 3,406 4,935 4,723 3,264 9,071 0.004215 0.027770 0.038534 0.043269 0.020528 16,717 347,687 44,832 9,164 231,435 12,349 3,046 21,999 578 57,548 New Mexico... New York... North Carolina... North Dakota... Ohio......................................... 0.110251 0.122911 0.017031 (NA) 0.080684 1,905 1,425,885 326,265 (NA) 39,489 3,130 68,948 56,212 (NA) 26,461 0.021449 0.006340 0.058093 (NA) 0.001012 197,267 44,103 593,772 (NA) 1,543 5,813 93,311 133,445 (NA) 45,574 Oklahoma... Oregon... Pennsylvania... Rhode Island... South Carolina... 0.235454 0.099298 0.084612 0.097369 0.063035 57,625 158,238 12,972 15,709 24,816 3,593 13,407 30,509 1,525 15,855 0.014729 0.010117 0.007189 0.006225 0.022948 152,377 157,164 465,695 65,378 180,925 38,659 46,869 137,527 2,641 43,937 South Dakota... Tennessee... Texas... Utah... Vermont... 0.071413 0.031635 0.072728 0.085970 0.038545 123,949 32,698 140,319 75,950 10,496 5,679 21,276 44,225 8,631 2,590 0.089793 0.086824 0.058100 0.041299 0.014657 8,087 18,925 1,079,923 141,530 6,845 10,884 12,703 206,159 33,231 6,875 Virginia... Washington... West Virginia... Wisconsin... Wyoming... 0.077984 0.046435 0.369202 0.256246 0.098137 46,506 44,547 18,732 223,513 502 9,684 25,839 2,180 26,643 2,339 0.013749 0.074088 0.243904 0.019357 0.039285 12,650 88,929 8,874 228,892 9,043 34,877 109,017 7,939 138,515 7,534 (NA) Not available. 82 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wyoming U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service http://wsfrprograms.fws.gov Revised January 2014